EP1023956A1 - Method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member - Google Patents

Method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1023956A1
EP1023956A1 EP00101769A EP00101769A EP1023956A1 EP 1023956 A1 EP1023956 A1 EP 1023956A1 EP 00101769 A EP00101769 A EP 00101769A EP 00101769 A EP00101769 A EP 00101769A EP 1023956 A1 EP1023956 A1 EP 1023956A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crank arm
filament
placing
heating
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00101769A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1023956B1 (en
Inventor
Shin Tanabe
Daisuke Sugimura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shimano Inc
Original Assignee
Shimano Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shimano Inc filed Critical Shimano Inc
Publication of EP1023956A1 publication Critical patent/EP1023956A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1023956B1 publication Critical patent/EP1023956B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/86—Making other particular articles other parts for bicycles or motorcycles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49174—Assembling terminal to elongated conductor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2164—Cranks and pedals

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to methods of manufacturing metal structures and, more particularly, to a method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member such as a bicycle crank arm during a manufacturing process.
  • Bicycle crank arms and other metal structures are often manufactured using a forging process wherein the crank arm is heated and quenched to strengthen the crank arm after a forging step.
  • One solution to this problem is to drill a hole on the side of the crank arm body to allow the gas to escape during the heating process. However, this requires an extra machining step, and the hole often allows the quenching liquid to enter the hollow space. The liquid in the space is difficult to remove easily and effectively, and it may cause future corrosion or oxidation. A cap or cover could be placed over the hole before the quenching step, but that would add additional steps, complexity and parts to the manufacturing process.
  • the present invention is directed to a method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member such as a bicycle crank arm, wherein an opening may be easily formed to allow gas to escape during heating of the hollow metal member.
  • the hole also may be small enough to inhibit liquid entry during a later quenching step.
  • a method of manufacturing a metal member includes the steps of forming a metal body having a hollow core, wherein a side of the metal body defines a core opening exposing the hollow core; placing a filament through the core opening into the hollow core; closing the core opening around the filament; and heating the metal body so that the filament disintegrates to form a filament hole sufficient to allow gas within the hollow core to escape through the filament hole.
  • this method has particular usefulness when manufacturing a bicycle crank arm. If a filament such as a thin cotton thread is used, then the resulting hole will be large enough to allow gas to escape during the heating process while minimizing or preventing liquid entry during a subsequent quenching step.
  • FIG 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a metal body such as a bicycle crank arm body 10 that is to be heated and/or quenched in a subsequent process step.
  • Crank arm body 10 may be formed by cold forging in such a way as to provide a hollow core 14, wherein a side or end 22 of the crank arm body 10 defines a core opening 18 exposing the hollow core 14.
  • a filament 30 is placed through the core opening 18 such that filament 30 extends into the hollow core 14.
  • Filament 30 may be any thin elongated structure such as a ribbon, wire, elongated cylinder, etc. that substantially disintegrates when exposed to the heat applied during a subsequent process step described below.
  • filament 30 is a fibrous thread such as a cotton thread having a diameter of from approximately 0.4 millimeters to approximately 3.0 millimeters, e.g., 1 millimeter.
  • crank arm body 10 is placed in a heating vessel 40 and heated to a temperature of from approximately 200°C to approximately 800°C.
  • crank arm body 10 is formed from an aluminum alloy, and the crank arm body 10 is heated above 500°C (e.g., 530°C).
  • 500°C e.g., 530°C
  • Filament 30 should be made from a material that disintegrates (e.g., melts or burns away) sufficiently at the chosen temperature to form a filament hole 44 that allows gas within hollow core 14 to escape through the filament hole 44 during the heating process. This prevents deformation of the crank arm body 10 due to excessive pressure within hollow core 14 during the heating process.
  • crank arm body 10 optionally may be placed in a liquid 50 such as water in a quenching tank 54 to perform a conventional quenching step to strengthen the crank arm body 10. If it is known that the quenching step is to be performed, then the diameter of filament 30 should be chosen such that filament hole 44 is sufficiently small given the viscosity of liquid 50 to minimize or prevent liquid 50 from entering hollow core 14.

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a metal member includes the steps of forming a metal body (10) having a hollow core (14) , wherein a side (22) of the metal body (10) defines a core opening (18) exposing the hollow core (14); placing a filament (30) through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14); closing the core opening (18) round the filament (30); and heating the metal body (10) so that the filament (30) disintegrates to form a filament hole sufficient to allow gas within the hollow core to escape through the filament hole.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is directed to methods of manufacturing metal structures and, more particularly, to a method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member such as a bicycle crank arm during a manufacturing process.
  • Bicycle crank arms and other metal structures are often manufactured using a forging process wherein the crank arm is heated and quenched to strengthen the crank arm after a forging step. Problems arise when the heating and quenching steps are performed on hollow crank arms. More specifically, when a crank arm having a fully enclosed hollow space is heated, the air or other gas in the hollow space expands to a high pressure, thus causing deformation of the crank arm. One solution to this problem is to drill a hole on the side of the crank arm body to allow the gas to escape during the heating process. However, this requires an extra machining step, and the hole often allows the quenching liquid to enter the hollow space. The liquid in the space is difficult to remove easily and effectively, and it may cause future corrosion or oxidation. A cap or cover could be placed over the hole before the quenching step, but that would add additional steps, complexity and parts to the manufacturing process.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is directed to a method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member such as a bicycle crank arm, wherein an opening may be easily formed to allow gas to escape during heating of the hollow metal member. The hole also may be small enough to inhibit liquid entry during a later quenching step.
  • In one embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a metal member includes the steps of forming a metal body having a hollow core, wherein a side of the metal body defines a core opening exposing the hollow core; placing a filament through the core opening into the hollow core; closing the core opening around the filament; and heating the metal body so that the filament disintegrates to form a filament hole sufficient to allow gas within the hollow core to escape through the filament hole. As noted above, this method has particular usefulness when manufacturing a bicycle crank arm. If a filament such as a thin cotton thread is used, then the resulting hole will be large enough to allow gas to escape during the heating process while minimizing or preventing liquid entry during a subsequent quenching step.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a bicycle crank arm body at an intermediate step of the manufacturing process;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional diagram of the bicycle crank arm body with a filament extending through a hollow interior core;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of the bicycle crank arm body showing an end of the crank arm body closed around the filament;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional diagram of the bicycle crank arm body during a heating step; and
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional diagram of the bicycle crank arm body during a quenching step.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a metal body such as a bicycle crank arm body 10 that is to be heated and/or quenched in a subsequent process step. Crank arm body 10 may be formed by cold forging in such a way as to provide a hollow core 14, wherein a side or end 22 of the crank arm body 10 defines a core opening 18 exposing the hollow core 14. Thereafter, as shown in Figure 2, a filament 30 is placed through the core opening 18 such that filament 30 extends into the hollow core 14. Filament 30 may be any thin elongated structure such as a ribbon, wire, elongated cylinder, etc. that substantially disintegrates when exposed to the heat applied during a subsequent process step described below. In this embodiment, filament 30 is a fibrous thread such as a cotton thread having a diameter of from approximately 0.4 millimeters to approximately 3.0 millimeters, e.g., 1 millimeter.
  • As shown in Figure 3, the end 22 of crank arm body 10 is closed around filament 30 by pressing or some other well known method. Thereafter, as shown in Figure 4, crank arm body 10 is placed in a heating vessel 40 and heated to a temperature of from approximately 200°C to approximately 800°C. In this embodiment, crank arm body 10 is formed from an aluminum alloy, and the crank arm body 10 is heated above 500°C (e.g., 530°C). Of course, the temperature depends upon the type of metal member being fabricated and the material used for filament 30. Filament 30 should be made from a material that disintegrates (e.g., melts or burns away) sufficiently at the chosen temperature to form a filament hole 44 that allows gas within hollow core 14 to escape through the filament hole 44 during the heating process. This prevents deformation of the crank arm body 10 due to excessive pressure within hollow core 14 during the heating process. Of course, it is not necessary for the filament 30 to completely disappear as long as it disintegrates sufficiently to allow the gas to escape during the heating process.
  • Thereafter, as shown in Figure 5, crank arm body 10 optionally may be placed in a liquid 50 such as water in a quenching tank 54 to perform a conventional quenching step to strengthen the crank arm body 10. If it is known that the quenching step is to be performed, then the diameter of filament 30 should be chosen such that filament hole 44 is sufficiently small given the viscosity of liquid 50 to minimize or prevent liquid 50 from entering hollow core 14.
  • While the above is a description of various embodiments of the present invention, further modifications may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the functions of one step may be performed by two, and vice versa. It is not necessary for all advantages to be present in a particular embodiment of the process at the same time. Every feature or step which is unique from the prior art, alone or in combination with other features or steps, also should be considered a separate description of further inventions by the applicant, including the structural and/or functional concepts embodied by such feature(s). Thus, the scope of the invention should not be limited by the specific structures disclosed or the apparent initial focus on a particular structure or feature.

Claims (14)

  1. A method of manufacturing a metal member comprising the steps of:
    forming a metal body (10) having a hollow core (14), wherein a side (22) of the metal body (10) defines a core opening (18) exposing the hollow core (14);
    placing a filament (30) through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14);
    closing the core opening (18) around the filament (30); and
    heating the metal body (10) so that the filament (30) disintegrates to form a filament hole (44) sufficient to allow gas within the hollow core (14) to escape through the filament hole (44).
  2. A method of manufacturing a metal bicycle crank arm comprising the steps of:
    forming a crank arm body (10) having a hollow core (14), wherein a side (22) of the crank arm body (10) defines a core opening (18) exposing the hollow core (14);
    placing a filament (30) through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14);
    closing the core opening (18) around the filament (30); and
    heating the crank arm body (10) so that the filament (30) disintegrates to form a filament hole (44) sufficient to allow gas within the hollow core (14) to escape through the filament hole (44).
  3. The method according to claim 2 wherein the placing step comprises the step of placing a thread (30) through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14).
  4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the placing step farther comprises the step of placing a thread (30) having a diameter of between approximately 0.4 millimeters and approximately 3.0 millimeters through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14).
  5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the placing step farther comprises the step of placing a thread (30) having a diameter of approximately 1.0 millimeter through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14).
  6. The method according to one of claims 3 to 5 wherein the placing step further comprises the step of placing a fibrous thread (30) through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14).
  7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the placing step further comprises the step of placing a cotton thread (30) through the core opening (18) into the hollow core (14).
  8. The method according to one of claims 2 to 7 wherein the heating step comprises the step of heating the crank arm body (10) to a temperature above 200°C.
  9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the heating step comprises the step of heating the crank arm body (10) to a temperature between approximately 200°C and 800°C.
  10. The method according to claim 8 wherein the heating step comprises the step of heating the crank arm body (10) to a temperature above 500°C.
  11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the heating step comprises the step of heating the crank arm body (10) to a temperature of approximately 530°C.
  12. The method according to one of claims 2 to 11 further comprising the step of placing the crank arm body (10) in a liquid (50) after the heating step.
  13. The method according to claim 12 wherein the step of placing the crank arm body (10) in a liquid (50) comprises the step of placing the crank arm body (10) in water.
  14. The method according to one of claims 2 to 13 wherein the step of forming the crank arm body (10) comprises the step of forming an aluminum alloy crank arm body (10).
EP00101769A 1999-01-28 2000-01-28 Method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member Expired - Lifetime EP1023956B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/239,924 US6178631B1 (en) 1999-01-28 1999-01-28 Method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member
US239924 1999-01-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1023956A1 true EP1023956A1 (en) 2000-08-02
EP1023956B1 EP1023956B1 (en) 2003-05-21

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EP00101769A Expired - Lifetime EP1023956B1 (en) 1999-01-28 2000-01-28 Method of heating and quenching a hollow metal member

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US (1) US6178631B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1023956B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3555753B2 (en)
DE (1) DE60002763T2 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6508002B1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2003-01-21 Douglas Chiang Bicycle crank arm and method of making same
US7181823B2 (en) * 2003-09-09 2007-02-27 Jie Dong Zeng Method for manufacturing integrated bicycle crank arm and spider assembly and the crank arm and spider assembly made thereby
US9303517B2 (en) * 2012-06-15 2016-04-05 General Electric Company Channel marker and related methods

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JPS61137634A (en) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-25 Sugino Techno:Kk Crank for bicycle and its production
JPS63144827A (en) * 1986-12-06 1988-06-17 Masahiro Tokuyama Manufacture of flanged hollow shaft

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JPS61137634A (en) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-25 Sugino Techno:Kk Crank for bicycle and its production
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 400 (M - 756) 24 October 1988 (1988-10-24) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3555753B2 (en) 2004-08-18
US6178631B1 (en) 2001-01-30
DE60002763D1 (en) 2003-06-26
JP2000219185A (en) 2000-08-08
DE60002763T2 (en) 2004-02-12
EP1023956B1 (en) 2003-05-21

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