EP0995805B9 - Heat treatment installation for a batch of metallic workpieces - Google Patents

Heat treatment installation for a batch of metallic workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0995805B9
EP0995805B9 EP98811062A EP98811062A EP0995805B9 EP 0995805 B9 EP0995805 B9 EP 0995805B9 EP 98811062 A EP98811062 A EP 98811062A EP 98811062 A EP98811062 A EP 98811062A EP 0995805 B9 EP0995805 B9 EP 0995805B9
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
installation according
tank
charge
installation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98811062A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0995805B1 (en
EP0995805A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Beuret
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT98811062T priority Critical patent/ATE241705T1/en
Priority to DE69815108T priority patent/DE69815108T2/en
Priority to ES98811062T priority patent/ES2199416T3/en
Priority to EP98811062A priority patent/EP0995805B9/en
Publication of EP0995805A1 publication Critical patent/EP0995805A1/en
Publication of EP0995805B1 publication Critical patent/EP0995805B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0995805B9 publication Critical patent/EP0995805B9/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0073Seals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0037Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/0016Chamber type furnaces
    • F27B2017/0091Series of chambers, e.g. associated in their use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/16Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0036Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising inflatable or extendable parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0075Charging or discharging vertically, e.g. through a bottom opening
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/007Cooling of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0089Quenching
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an installation for the heat treatment of a load of metal parts, this installation comprising at least one oven under gas protection or under vacuum and at least one quenching tank according to the introduction of claim 1.
  • a heat treatment plant is known from EP-A-806 485. This document discloses a installation with an airlock and joints to perform the Waterproof transfer of the oven load into a bin or vice versa. Apart from having to use an airlock, this installation does not prevent the oxidation of the surface of the parts of the charge, the pollution and the Oven cooling during the complete work cycle.
  • EP-A-893 510 which does not constitute a published prior art before the filing date, discloses an installation for the automatic heat treatment, including seals. However, both sets of this installation are stationary and it is therefore not possible to put any tray next to an oven. In addition, this construction does not maintain the watertightness of ovens and bins during a work cycle.
  • an aim of the The present invention is to provide an installation of heat treatment does not need to cool the oven, and to treat the parts including their transfer without surface oxidation and without gas pollution Oven treatment or without pollution of the oven vacuum during the entire work cycle.
  • another aim of the present invention is to substantially reduce as well the length of such an installation that the time of treatment.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 schematically show a first embodiment of an installation according to the invention with a treatment furnace for a maximum temperature of 1100 ° C and two bins mounted on a rotary table.
  • This installation allows, for example, austenitization treatment, annealing, tempering, sintering or brazing.
  • the oven 1 includes a heating chamber 2 with a turbine of circulation of atmospheres 3, a plug 4 as a support for the batch to be treated 5 and two trays, that is to say. two loading or cooling chambers 6 and 7.
  • the plug load support is moved vertically by both lift pistons 8 and 9, as indicated by both double arrows.
  • the oven furthermore comprises a heating body 10 and an insulated double jacket 11 according to the art of the known art.
  • the oven 1 is fixed on a top table 12 while bins, that is to say the loading chambers or cooling 6 and 7 with the lift pistons 8 and 9 are fixed to a rotary table 13.
  • the fixed table 12 is mounted on a support 14.
  • the rotary table 13 is driven in rotation by a motor 15.
  • Between the fixed table and the rotary table are two sets of joints, a joint 16 to establish gas and vacuum tightness and two inner seals 17 and 18, which form a first sealing barrier between the bins and the fixed table higher.
  • All seals are inflatable seals, known per se in the prior art, and are partially deflated in the case where the rotary table is set rotation, and then inflated to seal.
  • Each charging or cooling chamber 6 and 7 comprises a circulation turbine of atmospheres 19 and 20, a common vacuum pump 21 which is connected by means of valves 22 and 23 at said loading chambers or cooling.
  • Each tray 6 and 7 comprises a feed 24 and 25 and the furnace comprises a gas supply 26.
  • the upper table comprises a door 27 which has a seal 28 and which allows the introduction of the load in a bins.
  • a filling with nitrogen for example or another gas can transfer the load to be treated in the oven under protective gas or under vacuum.
  • the remaining oven always at temperature allows to perform a treatment supra.
  • the load is evacuated in one of the two rooms for cooling. Before the rotation for transfer and cooling we will have prepared a new charge to be processed in the free tank of any charge. It is thus possible to treat, by alternation, parts without surface oxidation and without cooling of the oven as well as without gas pollution of treatment or oven vacuum.
  • Figures 3A - 3L schematically show a cycle of job.
  • Figure 3A shows the preparation of the charge 5 and we see that the door 27 is open.
  • Figure B shows conditioning the load by vacuum and figure C the descent of the left plug 4 for opening the oven.
  • the Figure D shows the rotation of the bins to put the load 5 under the oven, before being introduced into it (figure E), to start the treatment cycle.
  • Figure F shows preparing a second charge 5A during the cycle of treatment of the first, and figure G the conditioning of this charge 5A by vacuum.
  • Figure H shows the opening of the oven and the descent of the load 5, and the figure I the rotation of the bins with immediate cooling 5.
  • Figure K shows the introduction of the charge 5A in the oven to perform the treatment cycle during the cooling of the charge 5.
  • the figure L shows the load 5A during the treatment cycle in course and evacuation of the load 5, as well as the place a new load 5B.
  • This cycle of operations shows the great advantage of this installation according to the invention, allowing on the one hand prepare one load while the other is in the oven and, especially, to bring and evacuate the load of the oven without vacuum or gas pollution in the furnace and without oxidation charges. All the operations described are carried out in a leakproof way to the outside by the seal Outside 16 is the inner seals 17 and 18.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the installation according to the invention with an oven and three trays.
  • the oven 29 is similar to oven 1 of the example previous with the same elements such as chamber of heater, turbine, plug 4 which supports the load 5.
  • the fixed upper table system 12 and its support 14 are also the same as in the previous example, while the rotary table 30 is arranged to carry three bins and includes three interior gaskets 31, 32 and 33.
  • the outer seal 16 is similar to that of the execution described above as well as the door 27 with its attached 28.
  • the first bin is a loading chamber 34, similar to room 6, the second bin is a room of gas cooling 35 and the third tray is a cooling chamber with a liquid 36, for example 37.
  • the loading chamber and the chamber of gas cooling include turbines 38 and 39 while the oil-cooled chamber includes an oil pump 40 for the circulation of the oil.
  • This installation also includes a vacuum pump with valves to be able to evacuate the loading and cooling under gas, as well as gas feeds for the rooms and for the oven.
  • Each room includes in addition to a lift piston 41, resp. 42, resp. 43.
  • FIGS. 6A to 6K An example of a work cycle with this installation is described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6K.
  • Figure 6A shows the preparing the charge 5 above the chamber of loading 34 with the door 27 open.
  • Figure 6B shows the conditioning of the load, possibly by vacuum, with the door 27 closed and figure C shows the situation after rotating the chambers with a stroke of 120 ° for bring the load 5 under the oven.
  • Figure D the charge is introduced into the oven and the treatment cycle in the oven begins.
  • the plugs are upgraded with rotary table after treatment to rotate as shown in Figure F. During this rotation, the load slides on the table and after, the oil chamber is under the load, that is to say under the oven.
  • Figure G shows the descent of the charge and the immediate cooling of it in oil.
  • FIG H we see the preparation of the second load 5A, this being possibly conditioned by the vacuum, as well as the cooling of the first charge 5 in the oil.
  • Figure I shows a new rotation of the rooms to bring the second load 5A under the oven before introducing it.
  • Figure 6K finally shows the situation where the treatment cycle is performed for the second load 5A while the first load 5 is evacuated, to return to the situation of the Figure 6E.
  • Figure 7 shows a third example of execution of a according to the invention with a vacuum oven 44 to hot wall with 45 graphite heating, insulation 46, a circulation turbine 3 for the bass processing temperatures and caps 49, 49A supporting the load 5.
  • the upper fixed table system 12 with its door 27 and seal 28, the rotary table 13 driven by the motor 15 and the two joint systems with outer seal 16 and inner seals 17 and 18, is the same as before.
  • the bins hanging at the table rotary are two loading and unloading chambers 47 and 48 with built-in cooler, including both turbines 19 and 20 according to the first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8L illustrating an exemplary cycle of work done by the installation of Figure 7.
  • the Figure 8A shows the preparation of the load 5 with the door open and Figure 8B shows the packaging of the charge by vacuum.
  • Figure C shows the descent of the cap 49 and the opening of the oven followed by the rotation of chambers according to Figure D to bring the load 5 under the oven.
  • Figure E shows the introduction of the load into the oven initiating the treatment cycle.
  • the second load 5A is prepared and conditioned by the vacuum according to Figure G.
  • Figure H shows the opening of the oven and the descent of the first charge followed by a rotation of rooms with immediate cooling of the first charge in the cooling chamber 47 (Figure I) and then, at the Figure K, the introduction of the second load 5A into the oven for the treatment cycle, while the first charge is still cooled.
  • Figure 8L shows that while the second charge is being treatment, the first charge is evacuated and the third load 5B is amended on the cap, to be then packaged and processed.
  • the vacuum oven has a cold wall and graphite insulation.
  • Figure 9 shows a variant of the installation according to Figure 7 with an oven 50 similar to the previous oven but possessing in addition four mechanical stops 51 with their commands 52 to hold or release the load 5A, as this will be apparent from the description according to FIGS. 10A to 10L.
  • the top fixed table 12 is similar to the previous case with the door 27 and its seals 28 as well as the support of the 14. Between the fixed table 12 and the rotary table 13 is find the same system of joints as described before and the rotary table is driven by the engine 15. At the table rotating are suspended at least one oil chamber 53 with its pump system 40 and at least one tank of gas cooling 54 with the turbine 20.
  • the tank 54 is a pressure chamber and that is why the lift piston provided for the other bins is here replaced by an elevator 55 comprising a load support 56, linked to a bearing column 57 with a screw 58 which is rotated by a motor 59 with transmission by chain, to move up or down the elevator. All the device of the elevator is in the enclosure of the pressure chamber. Up, the pressure chamber is closed by a lower door 60, seals 61 sealing. Loading and unloading parts can be done by this pressure chamber, or so the installation includes, in addition to this pressure chamber and the oil chamber, a loading chamber described in the previous examples.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10L schematically show a cycle of possible treatment with the installation of Figure 9.
  • the Figure 10A shows the preparation of the charge 5, always with the door open, and Figure 10B the conditioning of the vacuum charge, with the door 27 closed, followed by the rotation of the chambers to put the load under the oven (Figure 10C).
  • Figure D the load is introduced into the oven to begin the treatment cycle and, at the end of the cycle in Figure E, the load is down and the hooks 51 are closed to retain it during the down the cap by the elevator 55.
  • the rooms are rotated to bring the room to under the oven and, according to G, the load support is mounted and the hooks are open.
  • the load on the support of charge went down to be immersed in the oil (figure H) for immediate cooling, intensified by a forced flow channel in the oil chamber.
  • the second charge 5A is prepared and packaged by the vacuum, then rotated according to FIG K for bring it under the oven for a treatment cycle according to the Figure L, while the first load is evacuated after draining to enchaine a new cycle from the situation shown in Figure D.
  • Figure 11 shows another embodiment of a the installation according to the invention with a similar oven 62 in oven 29 of Figure 4, but having in addition two half-drawers 63 and 63A, forming the plug, which are controlled by mechanical elements 64.
  • Everything is fixed on the upper fixed table 12 which is similar to that previous performances and attached to the supports 14.
  • Under the fixed table is a rotary table similar to that previous executions, with both joint systems exterior and interior.
  • the bins that is to say the room oil and the cooling chamber (s), are the same as in the embodiment according to Figure 4.
  • Figures 12A through 12P show a work cycle with the installation according to Figure 11 and make it easier to understand the role of the two half-drawers 63, 63A.
  • Figure 12A shows preparing the charge 5
  • figure B is conditioning by vacuum
  • figure C the rotation of chambers for placing said charge under the oven.
  • D the half-drawers are moved to open the oven, before the charge is introduced into it and that the half-drawers are slightly closed, like this Figure E shows the load support in Figure F 56 is lowered to deposit the load on the cap 63, 63A.
  • the oven is closed and the treatment cycle start. Meanwhile, the rooms are set rotation and the oil pan is brought under the oven and simultaneously according to I the second load 5A is prepared and conditioned by the vacuum.
  • a pre-opening plug that is to say half-drawers is performed, and the load support is moved upwards.
  • the oven is completely open and in figure M, the load is immersed and cooled immediately into the oil chamber with forced flow channel.
  • the chambers are again rotated, and the second load 5A is under the oven.
  • the charge 5A is introduced into the oven according to the figures C to G, the cycle of treatment in the oven begins, while after draining, the first charge 5 is evacuated.
  • the chambers are rotated to take the oil pan under the oven while a new charge 5B is prepared to undergo the cycle according to the figures 12A and following.
  • the plug which presents the shape of two half-drawers 63 and 63A is not moved vertically, as in the first executions, but is pulled or pushed horizontally.
  • FIGS 13 and 14 schematically show a variant of execution with, for example an oven and four bins hanging on the rotary table.
  • the oven can be of the kind of one of the ovens described previously, while two bins are provided for loading / unloading and two bins for the cooling, either by gas or by liquid, for example oil. All combinations are possible, that is to say that the number and kind of ovens, nor the number and the kind bins is in principle limited in an installation according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 14 are installations with a fixed table and a rotary table comprising seals.
  • the furnace (s) are attached to the fixed table and the hanging bins connected to the rotary table.
  • an inverse montage that is to say according to which the furnace (s) are attached to the rotary table and where the bins are hanging at a table fixed, is also possible.
  • the sealing between the fixed table and the rotary table is provided by an inflatable outer seal and joints, depending on the number of bins, interiors inflatable, all ensuring a perfect seal of so as to allow a treatment of parts, on the one hand, without surface oxidation and without pollution of treatment gases oven or without pollution of the oven vacuum and, on the other hand, without cooling the oven during operations.
  • FIGS 15 to 17 show a first embodiment of such a linear displacement installation with an oven and two bins.
  • the oven corresponds to the oven 1 of the execution according to Figure 1, with the same elements, such as chamber heating, turbine and cap, this oven being fixed on a upper table 65 supported by a support 66.
  • a translation table 67 is located below the upper table, the translation table carrying two bins 68 and 69 arranged in loading chambers and cooling and each provided with a piston 8 and 9 lift and gas supply and connected to a pump empty to evacuate the rooms.
  • an outer seal 70 and two inner seals 71 and 72 are provided, these seals being inflatable like the others joints mentioned above.
  • the linear solution requires, as shown in Figure 16, two watertight loading doors 73 and 74.
  • Figures 18 to 21 show an oven installation pushing long charge.
  • the load can be for example a load composed of tubes 6 m long, to be annealed under empty or under atmosphere, and it is obvious that the reduction important of the total length of such a facility where the oven must be the same length, has an advantage considerable.
  • the oven 75 of the type pushing long load is known per se and includes a sealed channel or carcass 76 and a heating chamber 77 and a circulation turbine atmosphere 78 and a supply of gas 79, the whole being placed in an enclosure 80.
  • Each of the two chambers of loading / unloading 81, 82 is provided with a cooler 83 and a gas circulation turbine 84.
  • the installation further comprises a fixed plate 85 attached to the oven and equipped with two loading doors 86 or unloading baskets or other objects, such as tubes. These doors are provided with seals.
  • the rooms Loading or unloading are secured to a platen mobile 87 mounted on slide. Waterproofness is ensured by a seal 88 around each loading chamber, these seals being inflatable like the previous seals.
  • Each loading or unloading chamber includes a system 89 allowing the introduction and the extraction of the charge 90 in the cooling channel and in the oven.
  • a vacuum pump can extract the chamber in position of loading or unloading the gases or oxygen. In this way, no trace of oxidation or pollution of the atmosphere is possible.
  • the arrangement of the elements of the installation allows reduce one or two load lengths congestion of the installation and, above all, not to immobilize the loading chamber during the cooling of the charge. This is clear if we compare this installation according to the invention with the installations known until now and sold by different houses.

Abstract

Installation for thermal treatment of metallic parts comprises: a first assembly with at least one furnace, and a second assembly with at least one jig; one of the two assemblies is attached to a fixed structure (12) and the other assembly is connected to a moving structure (13) relatively to the fixed structure; couplings (16,17,18) are arranged between the two assemblies for placing one jig (6,7) facing one furnace while avoiding oxidation of the metallic part surface.

Description

La présente invention se réfère à une installation pour le traitement thermique d'une charge de pièces métalliques, cette installation comprenant au moins un four sous gaz de protection ou sous vide et au moins un bac de trempe selon l'introduction de la revendication 1.The present invention refers to an installation for the heat treatment of a load of metal parts, this installation comprising at least one oven under gas protection or under vacuum and at least one quenching tank according to the introduction of claim 1.

Les installations connues proposées sur le marché ont l'inconvénient, pour les traitements sous vide d'une charge de pièces métalliques, de devoir charger l'installation à four froid puis d'effectuer le vide pour évacuer l'oxygène de la chambre de chauffe du four. Après le traitement on est obligé de refroidir le tout dans le four y compris la charge. Sans sas ou bac de chargement il est alors impossible de travailler avec le four chaud, car toute présence d'oxygène détériorerait les éléments chauffants.The known installations on the market have the disadvantage, for vacuum treatment of a load metal parts, to have to charge the installation to cold oven then vacuum to evacuate oxygen the furnace heating chamber. After treatment we are obliged to cool everything in the oven including the charge. Without an airlock or loading tank, it is then impossible to work with the hot oven because any presence of oxygen would deteriorate the heating elements.

Une installation de traitement thermique est connue par EP-A-806 485. Ce document divulgue une installation avec un sas et des joints pour effectuer le transfert étanche de la charge du four dans un bac ou vice versa. A part le fait de devoir utiliser un sas, cette installation ne permet pas d'éviter l'oxydation de la surface des pièces de la charge, la pollution et le refroidissement du four pendant le cycle complet de travail.A heat treatment plant is known from EP-A-806 485. This document discloses a installation with an airlock and joints to perform the Waterproof transfer of the oven load into a bin or vice versa. Apart from having to use an airlock, this installation does not prevent the oxidation of the surface of the parts of the charge, the pollution and the Oven cooling during the complete work cycle.

EP-A-893 510, qui ne constitue pas une antériorité publiée avant la date de dèpôt, divulgue une installation pour le traitement thermique automatique, comprenant des joints. Toutefois, les deux ensembles de cette installation sont stationnaires et il n'est donc pas possible de mettre n'importe quel bac en regard d'un four. En outre, cette construction ne permet pas de maintenir l'étanchéité des fours et des bacs pendant un cycle de travail.EP-A-893 510, which does not constitute a published prior art before the filing date, discloses an installation for the automatic heat treatment, including seals. However, both sets of this installation are stationary and it is therefore not possible to put any tray next to an oven. In addition, this construction does not maintain the watertightness of ovens and bins during a work cycle.

A partir de cet état de la technique connue, un but de la présente invention est de réaliser une installation de traitement thermique ne nécessitant pas de refroidir le four, et permettant de traiter les pièces y inclus leurs transfer sans oxydation de surface et sans pollution des gaz de traitement du four ou sans pollution du vide du four pendant tout le cycle de travail. From this state of the art, an aim of the The present invention is to provide an installation of heat treatment does not need to cool the oven, and to treat the parts including their transfer without surface oxidation and without gas pollution Oven treatment or without pollution of the oven vacuum during the entire work cycle.

En outre sont connus des fours à passage ou des fours poussant à charge longue dont l'installation nécessite une très grande surface et surtout une grande longueur et dont le cycle de travail pour la charge et la décharge du four et, de plus, long.In addition are known ovens passage or ovens pushing long charge whose installation requires a very large area and especially a great length and whose the work cycle for charging and discharging the oven and, moreover, long.

Partant de cet état de la technique connue, un autre but de la présente invention est de réduire sensiblement aussi bien la longueur d'une telle installation que le temps de traitement.From this known state of the art, another aim of the present invention is to substantially reduce as well the length of such an installation that the time of treatment.

Ces buts sont atteints grâce aux moyens définis dans la revendication indépendante 1.These goals are achieved through the means defined in the independent claim 1.

L'invention sera expliquée en détail, en se référant aux dessins ci-annexés qu'en présentent, à titre d'exemples, des formes d'exécution.

La figure 1
est une vue en élévation schématique d'une forme d'exécution de l'installation selon l'invention,
la figure 2
est une vue en plan de dessus schématique de l'installation de la figure 1,
les figures 3A à 3L
sont un descriptif d'un cycle de travail de l'installation selon la figure 1,
la figure 4
est une vue en élévation schématique d'une deuxième forme d'exécution selon l'invention,
la figure 5
est une vue en plan de dessus schématique de l'installation de la figure 4,
les figures 6A - 6K
sont un descriptif schématique d'un cycle de travail de l'installation selon les figures 4 et 5,
la figure 7
est une vue en élévation schématique d'une troisième forme d'exécution de l'installation selon l'invention,
les figures 8A - 8L
sont un descriptif schématique d'un cycle de travail de l'installation selon la figure 7,
la figure 9
est une vue en élévation schématique d'une autre installation selon l'invention,
les figures 10A - 10L
sont un descriptif schématique d'un cycle de travail de l'installation selon la figure 10,
la figure 11
est une vue en élévation schématique d'une autre installation selon l'invention,
les figures 12A - 12P
sont un descriptif schématique d'un cycle de travail de l'installation selon la figure 11,
la figure 13
est une vue en élévation schématique d'une installation avec un four et quatre bac,
la figure 14
est une vue en plan de dessus schématique de l'installation selon la figure 13,
la figure 15
est une vue en élévation transversale d'une installation en ligne selon l'invention,
la figure 16
est une vue en élévation longitudinale schématique de l'installation selon la figure 15,
la figure 17
est une vue en plan de dessus schématique de l'installation selon la figure 15,
la figure 18
est une vue en élévation longitudinale schématique d'une installation avec four poussant à charge longue,
la figure 19
est une vue de front schématique d'un four de l'installation selon la figure 18,
la figure 20
est une vue de front d'un bac de l'installation selon la figure 18,
la figure 21
est une vue en plan de dessus schématique de l'installation de la figure 18, et
la figure 22
est un grossissement partiel de la figure 21.
The invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings which, by way of examples, show embodiments.
Figure 1
is a diagrammatic elevational view of an embodiment of the plant according to the invention,
Figure 2
is a schematic top plan view of the installation of FIG.
FIGS. 3A to 3L
are a description of a work cycle of the installation according to Figure 1,
Figure 4
is a schematic elevational view of a second embodiment of the invention,
Figure 5
is a schematic top plan view of the installation of FIG. 4,
Figures 6A - 6K
are a schematic description of a work cycle of the installation according to Figures 4 and 5,
Figure 7
is a diagrammatic elevational view of a third embodiment of the installation according to the invention,
Figures 8A - 8L
are a schematic description of a work cycle of the installation according to Figure 7,
Figure 9
is a schematic elevational view of another installation according to the invention,
Figures 10A - 10L
are a schematic description of a work cycle of the installation according to Figure 10,
Figure 11
is a schematic elevational view of another installation according to the invention,
Figures 12A - 12P
are a schematic description of a work cycle of the installation according to Figure 11,
Figure 13
is a schematic elevational view of an installation with an oven and four tanks,
Figure 14
is a schematic top plan view of the installation according to FIG. 13,
Figure 15
is a transverse elevational view of an on-line installation according to the invention,
Figure 16
is a schematic longitudinal elevational view of the installation according to FIG. 15,
Figure 17
is a schematic top plan view of the installation according to FIG. 15,
Figure 18
is a schematic longitudinal elevational view of an installation with a long load pushing furnace,
Figure 19
is a diagrammatic front view of an oven of the installation according to FIG. 18,
Figure 20
is a front view of a tank of the installation according to FIG. 18,
Figure 21
is a schematic top plan view of the installation of FIG. 18, and
Figure 22
is a partial magnification of Figure 21.

Les figures 1 et 2 montrent schématiquement une première forme exécution d'une installation selon l'invention avec un four de traitement pour une température maxima de 1100°C et deux bacs montés sur une table rotative. Cette installation permet par exemple des traitement d'austénitisation, de recuit, de revenu, de frittage ou de brasage. Le four 1 comprend une chambre de chauffage 2 avec une turbine de circulation des atmosphères 3, un bouchon 4 comme support de la charge à traiter 5 et deux bacs, c'est-à-dire. deux chambres de chargement ou refroidissement 6 et 7. Le bouchon support de charge est déplacé verticalement par les deux pistons élévateurs 8 et 9, comme c'est indiqué par les deux flèches doubles. Ces pistons élévateurs sont prévus pour le chargement ou déchargement des charges dans le four ou dans les bacs, comme cela ressortira du descriptif d'un cycle de travail avec cette installation. Le four comprend en outre un corps de chauffe 10 et une double chemise isolée 11 selon l'art de la technique connue. Figures 1 and 2 schematically show a first embodiment of an installation according to the invention with a treatment furnace for a maximum temperature of 1100 ° C and two bins mounted on a rotary table. This installation allows, for example, austenitization treatment, annealing, tempering, sintering or brazing. The oven 1 includes a heating chamber 2 with a turbine of circulation of atmospheres 3, a plug 4 as a support for the batch to be treated 5 and two trays, that is to say. two loading or cooling chambers 6 and 7. The plug load support is moved vertically by both lift pistons 8 and 9, as indicated by both double arrows. These lift pistons are intended for loading or unloading of the charges in the oven or in bins, as will be apparent from the description of a cycle of work with this facility. The oven furthermore comprises a heating body 10 and an insulated double jacket 11 according to the art of the known art.

Le four 1 est fixé sur une table supérieure 12 tandis que les bacs, c'est-à-dire les chambres de chargement ou refroidissement 6 et 7 avec les pistons élévateurs 8 et 9 sont fixés à une table rotative 13. La table fixe 12 est montée sur un support 14. La table rotative 13 est entraínée en rotation par un moteur 15. Entre la table fixe et la table rotative se trouvent deux jeux de joints, un joint extérieur 16 pour établir l'étanchéité au gaz et au vide et deux joints intérieurs 17 et 18, qui forment une première barrière d'étanchéité entre les bacs et la table fixe supérieure. Tous les joints sont des joints gonflables, connus en soi dans l'art antérieur, et sont partiellement dégonflés dans le cas où la table rotative est mise en rotation, et ensuite gonflés pour assurer l'étanchéité.The oven 1 is fixed on a top table 12 while bins, that is to say the loading chambers or cooling 6 and 7 with the lift pistons 8 and 9 are fixed to a rotary table 13. The fixed table 12 is mounted on a support 14. The rotary table 13 is driven in rotation by a motor 15. Between the fixed table and the rotary table are two sets of joints, a joint 16 to establish gas and vacuum tightness and two inner seals 17 and 18, which form a first sealing barrier between the bins and the fixed table higher. All seals are inflatable seals, known per se in the prior art, and are partially deflated in the case where the rotary table is set rotation, and then inflated to seal.

Chaque chambre de chargement ou de refroidissement 6 et 7 comprend une turbine de circulation des atmosphères 19 et 20, une pompe à vide 21 commune qui est reliée par des vannes 22 et 23 auxdites chambres de chargement ou refroidissement. Chaque bac 6 et 7 comprend une amenée 24 et 25 d'azote et le four comprend une amenée de gaz 26.Each charging or cooling chamber 6 and 7 comprises a circulation turbine of atmospheres 19 and 20, a common vacuum pump 21 which is connected by means of valves 22 and 23 at said loading chambers or cooling. Each tray 6 and 7 comprises a feed 24 and 25 and the furnace comprises a gas supply 26.

La table supérieure comprend une porte 27 qui possède un joint 28 et qui permet l'introduction de la charge dans un des bacs. Un remplissage à l'azote par exemple ou un autre gaz permet de transférer la charge à traiter dans le four sous gaz de protection ou sous vide. Le four restant toujours à température permet d'effectuer un des traitements précités. A la fin du cycle de chauffe, la charge est évacué dans une des deux chambres pour refroidissement. Avant la rotation pour le transfert et le refroidissement, on aura préparé une nouvelle charge à traiter dans le bac libre de toute charge. Il est ainsi possible de traiter, par alternance, des pièces sans oxydation de surface et sans refroidissement du four ainsi que sans pollution de gaz de traitement ou du vide du four.The upper table comprises a door 27 which has a seal 28 and which allows the introduction of the load in a bins. A filling with nitrogen for example or another gas can transfer the load to be treated in the oven under protective gas or under vacuum. The remaining oven always at temperature allows to perform a treatment supra. At the end of the heating cycle, the load is evacuated in one of the two rooms for cooling. Before the rotation for transfer and cooling we will have prepared a new charge to be processed in the free tank of any charge. It is thus possible to treat, by alternation, parts without surface oxidation and without cooling of the oven as well as without gas pollution of treatment or oven vacuum.

Il est évident que l'on peut réaliser une installation avec des bacs, c'est-à-dire. des chambres de chargement/déchargement ou refroidissement à gaz ou à l'huile fixées au support et à la table supérieure et prévoir un ou plusieurs four(s) rotatif(s).It is obvious that we can realize an installation with bins, that is to say. rooms of loading / unloading or cooling with gas or oil attached to the support and to the upper table and provide one or more rotary kiln (s).

Les figures 3A - 3L) montrent schématiquement un cycle de travail. La figure 3A montre la préparation de la charge 5 et on voit que la porte 27 est ouverte. La figure B montre le conditionnement de la charge par le vide et la figure C la descente du bouchon gauche 4 pour l'ouverture du four. La figure D montre la rotation des bacs pour mettre la charge 5 sous le four, avant son introduction dans celui-ci (figure E), pour entamer le cycle de traitement. La figure F montre la préparation d'une deuxième charge 5A pendant le cycle de traitement de la première, et la figure G le conditionnement de cette charge 5A par le vide. La figure H montre l'ouverture du four et la descente de la charge 5, et la figure I la rotation des bacs avec refroidissement immédiat de la charge 5. La figure K montre l'introduction de la charge 5A dans le four pour effectuer le cycle de traitement pendant le refroidissement de la charge 5. Enfin, la figure L montre la charge 5A en cours de cycle de traitement en cours et l'évacuation de la charge 5, ainsi que la mise en place d'une nouvelle charge 5B.Figures 3A - 3L) schematically show a cycle of job. Figure 3A shows the preparation of the charge 5 and we see that the door 27 is open. Figure B shows conditioning the load by vacuum and figure C the descent of the left plug 4 for opening the oven. The Figure D shows the rotation of the bins to put the load 5 under the oven, before being introduced into it (figure E), to start the treatment cycle. Figure F shows preparing a second charge 5A during the cycle of treatment of the first, and figure G the conditioning of this charge 5A by vacuum. Figure H shows the opening of the oven and the descent of the load 5, and the figure I the rotation of the bins with immediate cooling 5. Figure K shows the introduction of the charge 5A in the oven to perform the treatment cycle during the cooling of the charge 5. Finally, the figure L shows the load 5A during the treatment cycle in course and evacuation of the load 5, as well as the place a new load 5B.

Ce cycle des opérations montre le grand avantage de cette installation selon l'invention permettant d'une part de préparer une charge tandis que l'autre est dans le four et, surtout, d'amener et d'évacuer la charge du four sans pollution du vide ou du gaz dans le four et sans oxydation des charges. Toutes les opérations décrites s'effectuent d'une manière étanche envers l'extérieur par le joint extérieur 16 est les joints intérieurs 17 et 18.This cycle of operations shows the great advantage of this installation according to the invention, allowing on the one hand prepare one load while the other is in the oven and, especially, to bring and evacuate the load of the oven without vacuum or gas pollution in the furnace and without oxidation charges. All the operations described are carried out in a leakproof way to the outside by the seal Outside 16 is the inner seals 17 and 18.

Les figures 4 et 5 montrent une deuxième forme d'exécution de l'installation selon l'invention avec un four et trois bacs. Le four 29 est similaire au four 1 de l'exemple précédent avec les mêmes éléments tels que chambre de chauffe, turbine, bouchon 4 qui supporte la charge 5. Le système de la table supérieure fixe 12 et son support 14 sont également les mêmes que dans l'exemple précédent, tandis que la table rotative 30 est agencée pour porter trois bacs et comprend trois garnitures de joints intérieurs 31, 32 et 33. Le joint extérieur 16 est similaire à celui de l'exécution décrite plus haut ainsi que la porte 27 avec son joint 28. Figures 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the installation according to the invention with an oven and three trays. The oven 29 is similar to oven 1 of the example previous with the same elements such as chamber of heater, turbine, plug 4 which supports the load 5. The fixed upper table system 12 and its support 14 are also the same as in the previous example, while the rotary table 30 is arranged to carry three bins and includes three interior gaskets 31, 32 and 33. The outer seal 16 is similar to that of the execution described above as well as the door 27 with its attached 28.

Le premier bac est une chambre de chargement 34, similaire à la chambre 6, le deuxième bac est une chambre de refroidissement sous gaz 35 et le troisième bac est une chambre de refroidissement avec un liquide 36, par exemple de l'huile 37. La chambre de chargement et la chambre de refroidissement sous gaz comprennent des turbines 38 et 39 tandis que la chambre à refroidissement à l'huile comprend une pompe à huile 40 pour la circulation de l'huile. Cette installation comprend aussi une pompe à vide avec des vannes pour pouvoir évacuer les chambres de chargement et de refroidissement sous gaz, ainsi que des amenées de gaz pour les chambres et pour le four. Chaque chambre comprend en outre un piston élévateur 41, resp. 42, resp. 43.The first bin is a loading chamber 34, similar to room 6, the second bin is a room of gas cooling 35 and the third tray is a cooling chamber with a liquid 36, for example 37. The loading chamber and the chamber of gas cooling include turbines 38 and 39 while the oil-cooled chamber includes an oil pump 40 for the circulation of the oil. This installation also includes a vacuum pump with valves to be able to evacuate the loading and cooling under gas, as well as gas feeds for the rooms and for the oven. Each room includes in addition to a lift piston 41, resp. 42, resp. 43.

Un exemple de cycle de travail avec cette installation est décrit à l'aide des figures 6A à 6K. La figure 6A montre la préparation de la charge 5 en-dessus de la chambre de chargement 34 avec la porte 27 ouverte. La figure 6B montre le conditionnement de la charge, éventuellement par le vide, avec la porte 27 fermée et la figure C montre la situation après la rotation des chambres avec une course de 120 ° pour amener la charge 5 sous le four. Selon la figure D, la charge est introduite dans le four et le cycle de traitement dans le four commence. Selon la figure E, les bouchons sont mis à niveau avec la table rotative après le traitement thermique pour effectuer une rotation montrée à la figure F. Pendant cette rotation, la charge glisse sur la table et après, la chambre à huile se trouve sous la charge, c'est-à-dire sous le four. La figure G montre la descente de la charge et le refroidissement immédiat de celle-ci dans l'huile. Dans la figure H on voit la préparation de la deuxième charge 5A, celle-ci étant éventuellement conditionnée par le vide, ainsi que le refroidissement de la première charge 5 dans l'huile. La figure I montre une nouvelle rotation des chambres pour amener la deuxième charge 5A sous le four avant de l'y introduire. La figure 6K enfin montre la situation où le cycle de traitement est effectué pour la deuxième charge 5A tandis que la première charge 5 est évacuée, pour revenir à la situation de la figure 6E.An example of a work cycle with this installation is described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6K. Figure 6A shows the preparing the charge 5 above the chamber of loading 34 with the door 27 open. Figure 6B shows the conditioning of the load, possibly by vacuum, with the door 27 closed and figure C shows the situation after rotating the chambers with a stroke of 120 ° for bring the load 5 under the oven. According to Figure D, the charge is introduced into the oven and the treatment cycle in the oven begins. According to Figure E, the plugs are upgraded with rotary table after treatment to rotate as shown in Figure F. During this rotation, the load slides on the table and after, the oil chamber is under the load, that is to say under the oven. Figure G shows the descent of the charge and the immediate cooling of it in oil. In figure H we see the preparation of the second load 5A, this being possibly conditioned by the vacuum, as well as the cooling of the first charge 5 in the oil. Figure I shows a new rotation of the rooms to bring the second load 5A under the oven before introducing it. Figure 6K finally shows the situation where the treatment cycle is performed for the second load 5A while the first load 5 is evacuated, to return to the situation of the Figure 6E.

La figure 7 montre un troisième exemple d'exécution d'une installation selon l'invention avec un four à vide 44 à paroi chaude avec un chauffage graphite 45, une isolation 46, une turbine de circulation 3 pour les basses températures de traitement et les bouchons 49, 49A supportant la charge 5. Le système de table fixe supérieure 12 avec sa porte 27 et joint 28, la table rotative 13 entraínée par le moteur 15 et les deux systèmes de joints avec joint extérieur 16 et joints intérieurs 17 et 18, est le même qu'auparavant. Les bacs suspendus à la table rotative sont deux chambres de chargement et déchargement 47 et 48 avec refroidisseur incorporé, comprenant les deux turbines 19 et 20 selon la première forme d'exécution.Figure 7 shows a third example of execution of a according to the invention with a vacuum oven 44 to hot wall with 45 graphite heating, insulation 46, a circulation turbine 3 for the bass processing temperatures and caps 49, 49A supporting the load 5. The upper fixed table system 12 with its door 27 and seal 28, the rotary table 13 driven by the motor 15 and the two joint systems with outer seal 16 and inner seals 17 and 18, is the same as before. The bins hanging at the table rotary are two loading and unloading chambers 47 and 48 with built-in cooler, including both turbines 19 and 20 according to the first embodiment.

Les figures 8A à 8L illustrant un exemple de cycle de travail effectué par l'installation de la figure 7. La figure 8A montre la préparation de la charge 5 avec la porte ouverte et la figure 8B montre le conditionnement de la charge par le vide. La figure C montre la descente du bouchon 49 et l'ouverture du four suivie de la rotation des chambres selon la figure D en vue d'amener la charge 5 sous le four. La figure E montre l'introduction de la charge dans le four initiant le cycle de traitement. Pendant ce temps, selon la figure F, la deuxième charge 5A est préparée et conditionnée par le vide selon la figure G. La figure H montre l'ouverture du four et la descente de la première charge suivie d'une rotation des chambres avec refroidissement immédiat de la première charge dans la chambre de refroidissement 47 (figure I) et ensuite, à la figure K, l'introduction de la deuxième charge 5A dans le four pour le cycle de traitement, tandis que la première charge est toujours encore refroidie. La figure 8L montre que, tandis que la deuxième charge est en cours de traitement, la première charge est évacuée et la troisième charge 5B est amendée sur le bouchon, pour être ensuite conditionnée et traitée.FIGS. 8A to 8L illustrating an exemplary cycle of work done by the installation of Figure 7. The Figure 8A shows the preparation of the load 5 with the door open and Figure 8B shows the packaging of the charge by vacuum. Figure C shows the descent of the cap 49 and the opening of the oven followed by the rotation of chambers according to Figure D to bring the load 5 under the oven. Figure E shows the introduction of the load into the oven initiating the treatment cycle. Meanwhile, according to Fig. F, the second load 5A is prepared and conditioned by the vacuum according to Figure G. Figure H shows the opening of the oven and the descent of the first charge followed by a rotation of rooms with immediate cooling of the first charge in the cooling chamber 47 (Figure I) and then, at the Figure K, the introduction of the second load 5A into the oven for the treatment cycle, while the first charge is still cooled. Figure 8L shows that while the second charge is being treatment, the first charge is evacuated and the third load 5B is amended on the cap, to be then packaged and processed.

Le même cycle de traitement peut s'appliquer à une installation où, comme variante d'exécution, le four à vide possède une paroi froide et une isolation en graphite.The same treatment cycle can be applied to a installation where, as an alternative embodiment, the vacuum oven has a cold wall and graphite insulation.

La figure 9 montre une variante de l'installation selon la figure 7 avec un four 50 similaire au four précédent mais possédant en outre quatre arrêts mécaniques 51 avec leur commandes 52 pour retenir ou libérer la charge 5A, comme cela ressortira du descriptif selon les figures 10A à 10L. La table fixe supérieure 12 est similaire au cas précédent avec la porte 27 et ses joints 28 ainsi que le support de la table 14. Entre la table fixe 12 et la table rotative 13 se trouve le même système de joints que décrits auparavant et la table rotative est entraínée par le moteur 15. A la table rotative sont suspendue au moins une chambre à huile 53 avec son système de pompe 40 et au moins un bac de refroidissement à gaz 54 avec la turbine 20.Figure 9 shows a variant of the installation according to Figure 7 with an oven 50 similar to the previous oven but possessing in addition four mechanical stops 51 with their commands 52 to hold or release the load 5A, as this will be apparent from the description according to FIGS. 10A to 10L. The top fixed table 12 is similar to the previous case with the door 27 and its seals 28 as well as the support of the 14. Between the fixed table 12 and the rotary table 13 is find the same system of joints as described before and the rotary table is driven by the engine 15. At the table rotating are suspended at least one oil chamber 53 with its pump system 40 and at least one tank of gas cooling 54 with the turbine 20.

Le bac 54 est une chambre à pression et c'est pourquoi que le piston ascenseur prévu pour les autres bacs est ici remplacé par un ascenseur 55 comprenant un support de charge 56, lié à une colonne portante 57 avec une vis 58 qui est mise en rotation par un moteur 59 avec transmission par chaíne, pour faire monter ou descendre l'ascenseur. Tout le dispositif de l'ascenseur se trouve dans l'enceinte de la chambre à pression. Vers le haut, la chambre sous pression est fermée par une porte inférieure 60, des joints 61 assurant l'étanchéité. Le chargement et déchargement des pièces peut se faire par cette chambre à pression, ou alors l'installation comprend, en plus de cette chambre à pression et de la chambre à huile, une chambre de chargement décrite dans les exemples précédents.The tank 54 is a pressure chamber and that is why the lift piston provided for the other bins is here replaced by an elevator 55 comprising a load support 56, linked to a bearing column 57 with a screw 58 which is rotated by a motor 59 with transmission by chain, to move up or down the elevator. All the device of the elevator is in the enclosure of the pressure chamber. Up, the pressure chamber is closed by a lower door 60, seals 61 sealing. Loading and unloading parts can be done by this pressure chamber, or so the installation includes, in addition to this pressure chamber and the oil chamber, a loading chamber described in the previous examples.

Les figures 10A à 10L montrent schématiquement un cycle de traitement possible avec l'installation de la figure 9. La figure 10A montre la préparation de la charge 5, toujours avec la porte ouverte, et la figure 10B le conditionnement de la charge par le vide, avec la porte 27 fermée, suivi de la rotation des chambres pour mettre la charge sous le four (figure 10C). Ensuite, selon la figure D, la charge est introduite dans le four pour entamer le cycle de traitement et, en fin de cycle à la figure E, la charge est descendue et les crochets 51 sont fermés pour la retenir pendant la descente du bouchon par l'ascenseur 55. Ensuite, selon F, les chambres sont mises en rotation pour amener la chambre à huile sous le four et, selon G, le support de charge est monté et les crochets sont ouverts. La charge sur le support de charge est descendue pour être immergée dans l'huile (figure H) pour un refroidissement immédiat, intensifié par un canal de flux forcé dans la chambre à huile. Selon la figure I, la deuxième charge 5A est préparée et conditionnée par le vide, puis mise en rotation selon la figure K pour l'amener sous le four pour un cycle de traitement selon la figure L, tandis que la première charge est évacuée après égouttage pour enchaíner un nouveau cycle à partir de la situation représentée à la figure D.FIGS. 10A to 10L schematically show a cycle of possible treatment with the installation of Figure 9. The Figure 10A shows the preparation of the charge 5, always with the door open, and Figure 10B the conditioning of the vacuum charge, with the door 27 closed, followed by the rotation of the chambers to put the load under the oven (Figure 10C). Then, according to Figure D, the load is introduced into the oven to begin the treatment cycle and, at the end of the cycle in Figure E, the load is down and the hooks 51 are closed to retain it during the down the cap by the elevator 55. Then, according to F, the rooms are rotated to bring the room to under the oven and, according to G, the load support is mounted and the hooks are open. The load on the support of charge went down to be immersed in the oil (figure H) for immediate cooling, intensified by a forced flow channel in the oil chamber. According to FIG. 1, the second charge 5A is prepared and packaged by the vacuum, then rotated according to FIG K for bring it under the oven for a treatment cycle according to the Figure L, while the first load is evacuated after draining to enchaine a new cycle from the situation shown in Figure D.

La figure 11 montre une autre forme d'exécution d'une l'installation selon l'invention avec un four 62 similaire au four 29 de la figure 4, mais comportant en plus deux demi-tiroirs 63 et 63A, formant le bouchon, qui sont commandés par des éléments mécaniques 64. Le tout est fixé sur la table fixe supérieure 12 qui est similaire à celle des exécutions précédentes et attachés aux supports 14. Sous la table fixe se trouve une table rotative similaire à celle des exécutions précédentes, avec les deux systèmes de joints extérieurs et intérieurs. Les bacs, c'est-à-dire la chambre à huile et la ou les chambre(s) de refroidissement, sont les mêmes que dans l'exécution selon la figure 4.Figure 11 shows another embodiment of a the installation according to the invention with a similar oven 62 in oven 29 of Figure 4, but having in addition two half-drawers 63 and 63A, forming the plug, which are controlled by mechanical elements 64. Everything is fixed on the upper fixed table 12 which is similar to that previous performances and attached to the supports 14. Under the fixed table is a rotary table similar to that previous executions, with both joint systems exterior and interior. The bins, that is to say the room oil and the cooling chamber (s), are the same as in the embodiment according to Figure 4.

Les figures 12A à 12P montrent un cycle de travail avec l'installation selon la figure 11 et feront mieux comprendre le rôle des deux demi-tiroirs 63, 63A. La figure 12 A montre la préparation de la charge 5, la figure B son conditionnement par le vide, et la figure C la rotation des chambres pour placer ladite charge sous le four. Ensuite, selon D, les demi-tiroirs sont déplacés pour ouvrir le four, avant que la charge est introduite dans ce dernier et que les demi-tiroirs sont légèrement refermés, comme cela ressort de la figure E. A la figure F le support de charge 56 est descendu pour déposer la charge sur le bouchon 63, 63A. Selon G, le four est fermé et le cycle de traitement commence. Pendant ce temps, les chambres sont mises en rotation et le bac d'huile est amené sous le four et simultanément selon I la deuxième charge 5A est préparée et conditionnée par le vide. Dans la figure K une préouverture du bouchon, c'est-à-dire des demi-tiroirs est effectuée, et le support de charge est déplacé vers le haut. Selon la figure L le four est complètement ouvert et à la figure M, la charge est immergée et refroidie immédiatement dans la chambre à huile avec canal de flux forcé. Ensuite, selon la figure N, les chambres sont de nouveau mises en rotation, et la deuxième charge 5A se trouve sous le four. Dans la figure O, on introduit la charge 5A dans le four selon les figures C à G, le cycle de traitement dans le four commence, tandis qu'après égouttage, la première charge 5 est évacuée. Enfin, selon la figure P, les chambres sont mises en rotation pour emmener le bac à huile sous le four tandis qu'une nouvelle charge 5B est préparée pour subir le cycle selon les figures 12A et suivantes.Figures 12A through 12P show a work cycle with the installation according to Figure 11 and make it easier to understand the role of the two half-drawers 63, 63A. Figure 12A shows preparing the charge 5, figure B is conditioning by vacuum, and figure C the rotation of chambers for placing said charge under the oven. Then, according to D, the half-drawers are moved to open the oven, before the charge is introduced into it and that the half-drawers are slightly closed, like this Figure E shows the load support in Figure F 56 is lowered to deposit the load on the cap 63, 63A. According to G, the oven is closed and the treatment cycle start. Meanwhile, the rooms are set rotation and the oil pan is brought under the oven and simultaneously according to I the second load 5A is prepared and conditioned by the vacuum. In figure K a pre-opening plug, that is to say half-drawers is performed, and the load support is moved upwards. According to figure L the oven is completely open and in figure M, the load is immersed and cooled immediately into the oil chamber with forced flow channel. Then, according to the figure N, the chambers are again rotated, and the second load 5A is under the oven. In the figure O, the charge 5A is introduced into the oven according to the figures C to G, the cycle of treatment in the oven begins, while after draining, the first charge 5 is evacuated. Finally, according to Figure P, the chambers are rotated to take the oil pan under the oven while a new charge 5B is prepared to undergo the cycle according to the figures 12A and following.

Dans cette forme d'exécution, on observe que le bouchon qui présente la forme de deux demi-tiroirs 63 et 63A n'est pas déplacé verticalement, comme dans les premières exécutions, mais est tiré ou poussé horizontalement.In this embodiment, it is observed that the plug which presents the shape of two half-drawers 63 and 63A is not moved vertically, as in the first executions, but is pulled or pushed horizontally.

Les figures 13 et 14 montrent schématiquement une variante d'exécution avec, par exemple un four et quatre bacs suspendus à la table rotative. Le four peut être du genre de l'un des fours décrits auparavant, tandis que deux bacs sont prévus pour le chargement/déchargement et deux bacs pour le refroidissement, soit par gaz, soit par liquide, par exemple l'huile. Toutes combinaisons sont possibles, c'est-à-dire que le nombre et le genre de fours, ni le nombre et le genre de bacs est en principe limité dans une installation selon l'invention.Figures 13 and 14 schematically show a variant of execution with, for example an oven and four bins hanging on the rotary table. The oven can be of the kind of one of the ovens described previously, while two bins are provided for loading / unloading and two bins for the cooling, either by gas or by liquid, for example oil. All combinations are possible, that is to say that the number and kind of ovens, nor the number and the kind bins is in principle limited in an installation according to the invention.

Les exécutions divulguées dans les figures 1 à 14 sont des installations avec une table fixe et une table rotative comprenant des joints. Préférentiellement, le ou les fours sont solidaires de la table fixe et les bacs suspendus reliés à la table rotative. Mais un montage inverse, c'est-à-dire selon lequel le ou les fours sont solidaires de la table rotative et où les bacs sont suspendus à une table fixe, est également envisageable. Dans toutes ces solutions ou arrangements, l'étanchéité entre la table fixe et la table rotative est assurée par un joint extérieur gonflable et des joints, selon le nombre de bacs, intérieurs gonflables, le tout assurant une étanchéité parfaite de sorte à permettre un traitement de pièces, d'une part, sans oxydation de surface et sans pollution des gaz de traitement du four ou sans pollution du vide du four et, d'autre part, sans refroidissement du four pendant les opérations.The executions disclosed in FIGS. 1 to 14 are installations with a fixed table and a rotary table comprising seals. Preferably, the furnace (s) are attached to the fixed table and the hanging bins connected to the rotary table. But an inverse montage, that is to say according to which the furnace (s) are attached to the rotary table and where the bins are hanging at a table fixed, is also possible. In all these solutions or arrangements, the sealing between the fixed table and the rotary table is provided by an inflatable outer seal and joints, depending on the number of bins, interiors inflatable, all ensuring a perfect seal of so as to allow a treatment of parts, on the one hand, without surface oxidation and without pollution of treatment gases oven or without pollution of the oven vacuum and, on the other hand, without cooling the oven during operations.

Cette conception de déplacement relatif entre four(s) et bac(s), le tout sous une étanchéité parfaite. n'est pas nécessairement giratoire et limitée à une table rotative, mais peut être appliquée à un système de déplacement linéaire. Les figures 15 à 21 montrent deux exemples d'exécution de fours et bacs à déplacement relatif linéaire.This relative displacement design between oven (s) and tray (s), all under a perfect seal. is not necessarily gyratory and limited to a rotary table, but can be applied to a displacement system linear. Figures 15 to 21 show two examples execution of ovens and trays with linear relative displacement.

Les figures 15 à 17 montrent une première forme d'exécution d'une telle installation à déplacement linéaire avec un four et deux bacs. Le four correspond au four 1 de l'exécution selon la figure 1, avec les mêmes éléments, tels que chambre de chauffe, turbine et bouchon, ce four étant fixé sur une table supérieure 65 supportée par un support 66. Analogue à l'exécution rotative une table de translation 67 se trouve en dessous de la table supérieure, la table de translation portant deux bacs 68 et 69 agencés en chambres de chargement et de refroidissement et pourvu, chacun, d'un piston élévateur 8 et 9 et d'amenée de gaz et reliés à une pompe à vide pour évacuer les chambres. Pour assurer l ' étanchéité, un joint extérieur 70 et deux joints intérieurs 71 et 72 sont prévus, ces joints étant gonflables comme les autres joints évoqués précédemment.Figures 15 to 17 show a first embodiment of such a linear displacement installation with an oven and two bins. The oven corresponds to the oven 1 of the execution according to Figure 1, with the same elements, such as chamber heating, turbine and cap, this oven being fixed on a upper table 65 supported by a support 66. Analogue to the rotary execution a translation table 67 is located below the upper table, the translation table carrying two bins 68 and 69 arranged in loading chambers and cooling and each provided with a piston 8 and 9 lift and gas supply and connected to a pump empty to evacuate the rooms. To seal, an outer seal 70 and two inner seals 71 and 72 are provided, these seals being inflatable like the others joints mentioned above.

Le fonctionnement de cette installation est analogue au fonctionnement des installations de type rotatif et les mêmes cycles de travail peuvent être appliqués pour le fonctionnement d'une installation de type linéaire que pour une installation de type rotatif, et il suffit de remplacer le terme "rotation" par "déplacement linéaire". Il est aussi entendu qu'au lieu de l'installation montrée aux figures 15 à 17, les installations décrites dans les exemples précédents sont applicables analogiquement.The operation of this installation is similar to operation of rotary type installations and same work cycles can be applied for the operation of a linear type installation only for a rotary type installation, and just replace the term "rotation" by "linear displacement". It is also understood that instead of the installation shown in FIGS. at 17, the facilities described in the examples precedents are applicable analogically.

La solution linéaire exige, comme montré à la figure 16, deux portes étanches de chargement 73 et 74.The linear solution requires, as shown in Figure 16, two watertight loading doors 73 and 74.

Les figures 18 à 21 montrent une installation à four poussant à charge longue. La charge peut être par exemple une charge composée de tubes de 6 m de long, à recuire sous vide ou sous atmosphère, et il est évident que la réduction importante de la longueur totale d'une telle installation où le four doit avoir la même longueur, présente un avantage considérable.Figures 18 to 21 show an oven installation pushing long charge. The load can be for example a load composed of tubes 6 m long, to be annealed under empty or under atmosphere, and it is obvious that the reduction important of the total length of such a facility where the oven must be the same length, has an advantage considerable.

Le four 75 du type poussant à charge longue est connu en soi et comprend un canal ou une carcasse étanche 76 et une chambre chauffante 77 ainsi qu'une turbine de circulation des atmosphère 78 et une amenée de gaz 79, le tout étant agencé dans une enceinte 80. Chacune des deux chambres de chargement/déchargement 81, 82 est munie d'un refroidisseur 83 et d'une turbine 84 de circulation des gaz. L'installation comprend en outre une platine fixe 85 solidaire du four et équipée de deux portes 86 de chargement ou déchargement de paniers ou autres objets, tels que tubes. Ces portes sont munies de joints d'étanchéité. Les chambres de chargement ou déchargement sont solidaires d'une platine mobile 87 montée sur glissière. L'étanchéité est assurée par un joint 88 autour de chaque chambre de chargement, ces joints étant gonflables comme les joints précédents. Chaque chambre de chargement ou déchargement comprend un système d'entraínement 89 permettant l'introduction et l'extraction de la charge 90 dans le canal de refroidissement et dans le four. En outre, une pompe à vide permet d'extraire de la chambre en position de chargement ou déchargement les gaz ou l'oxygène. De cette façon, aucune trace d'oxydation ou de pollution de l'atmosphère est possible.The oven 75 of the type pushing long load is known per se and includes a sealed channel or carcass 76 and a heating chamber 77 and a circulation turbine atmosphere 78 and a supply of gas 79, the whole being placed in an enclosure 80. Each of the two chambers of loading / unloading 81, 82 is provided with a cooler 83 and a gas circulation turbine 84. The installation further comprises a fixed plate 85 attached to the oven and equipped with two loading doors 86 or unloading baskets or other objects, such as tubes. These doors are provided with seals. The rooms Loading or unloading are secured to a platen mobile 87 mounted on slide. Waterproofness is ensured by a seal 88 around each loading chamber, these seals being inflatable like the previous seals. Each loading or unloading chamber includes a system 89 allowing the introduction and the extraction of the charge 90 in the cooling channel and in the oven. In addition, a vacuum pump can extract the chamber in position of loading or unloading the gases or oxygen. In this way, no trace of oxidation or pollution of the atmosphere is possible.

La disposition des éléments de l'installation permet de réduire d'une ou de deux longueurs de charge l'encombrement de l'installation et surtout, de ne pas immobiliser la chambre de chargement durant le refroidissement de la charge. Ceci ressort clairement si l'on compare cette installation selon l'invention avec les installations connues jusqu'à présent et vendues par différentes maisons.The arrangement of the elements of the installation allows reduce one or two load lengths congestion of the installation and, above all, not to immobilize the loading chamber during the cooling of the charge. This is clear if we compare this installation according to the invention with the installations known until now and sold by different houses.

Claims (14)

  1. Installation for the thermal treatment of a batch of metallic pieces, comprising a first assembly with at least one furnace and a second assembly with at least one tank, one assembly being displaceable with respect to the other and at least one joint arranged between the two assemblies, one of the two assemblies being fixed to a stationary structure (12; 65, 85) and the other assembly being connected to a structure (13, 30; 67, 87) that is displaceable with respect to the stationary structure, the structure comprising at least one tank (6, 7; 34, 35, 36; 47, 48; 68, 69; 81, 82) being provided at the location of each tank with an internal joint (17, 18; 31, 32, 33; 71, 72; 88A, 88B) around the tank, and a continuous external joint (16, 70, 88C) being disposed between the two structures in an area near the periphery of the structures, the external and internal joints allowing to selectively place one of the tanks (6, 7; 34, 35, 36; 47, 48; 68, 69; 81, 82) in front of one of the furnaces (17, 18; 31, 32, 33; 70, 71, 72; 75) while ensuring a double sealing action and avoiding the surface oxidation of the pieces of the charge (5, 5A, 5B), the pollution, and the cooling of the furnace during the working cycle.
  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterised in that the internal joint (17, 18; 31, 32, 33; 71, 72; 88A, 88B) around each tank and/or the external joint (16, 70, 88C) is (are) inflatable.
  3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the furnace(s) (17, 18; 31, 32, 33; 70, 71, 72; 88) is (are) fixed to the stationary structure and in that the tanks (6, 7; 34, 35, 36; 47, 48; 68, 69; 81, 82) are fixed to the displaceable structure.
  4. Installation according to claim 3, characterised in that the stationary structure is a table (12) carrying the furnace(s) (1, 29, 44, 50) and fixed to a support (14) and the displaceable structure is a rotatable table (13) carrying the tanks (6, 7; 34, 35, 36; 47, 48).
  5. Installation according to claim 3, characterised in that the stationary structure is a fixed table (65) carrying the furnace(s) (17, 18; 31, 32, 33; 70, 71, 72; 88) and the displaceable structure is a linearly translating table (67) carrying the tanks (68, 69).
  6. Installation according to claim 4, characterised in that the fixed table (12) comprises a door (27) with a joint (28) for loading/unloading the charge (5, 5A, 5B).
  7. Installation according to claim 4 or 6, characterised in that the tanks (6, 7; 34, 35, 36; 47, 48) are suspended to the rotatable table (13), and in that each tank comprises a lifting piston (8, 9; 41, 42, 43) for moving the charge (5, 5A, 5B), the plug (4, 4A) of the furnace forming the charge support.
  8. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4 or 6, characterised in that the at least one tank is a tank containing a cooling liquid (53), and in that another tank is a pressure tank (54) comprising an elevator (55) provided with a charge support (56) and a tight lower door (64).
  9. Installation according to claim 8, characterised in that the furnace (50) is provided with mechanical stops (51) for locking the charge (5) during the rotation of the rotatable table (13).
  10. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4, 6, or 7, characterised in that the furnace (1, 29, 44) is provided with a plug constituted of two half-slides (63, 63A) effecting a horizontal movement.
  11. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 10, characterised in that the second assembly comprises at least one loading/unloading tank (6; 34; 47, 48), a gas cooling tank (35, 54), and a cooling tank (36, 53) using a liquid.
  12. Installation according to claim 5, characterised in that the furnace(s) (64) is (are) fixed to an upper table (65) and the tanks are suspended to a translating table (67), the upper table comprising a door (73, 74) on both sides of the furnace.
  13. Installation according to claim 5, characterised in that the furnace is a long charge pusher type furnace (75) comprising a mill bar (85) equipped with two loading/unloading doors (86), and in that two loading/unloading chambers (81, 82) are attached to a moving mill bar (87) mounted on rails, each chamber comprising a sealing joint (88).
  14. Installation according to claim 13, characterised in that each chamber (81, 82) comprises a driving system (89) for the charge (90).
EP98811062A 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 Heat treatment installation for a batch of metallic workpieces Expired - Lifetime EP0995805B9 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT98811062T ATE241705T1 (en) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A BATCH OF METALLIC WORKPIECES
DE69815108T DE69815108T2 (en) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 Heat treatment plant for a batch of metallic workpieces
ES98811062T ES2199416T3 (en) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 INSTALLATION FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF A LOAD OF METAL PARTS.
EP98811062A EP0995805B9 (en) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 Heat treatment installation for a batch of metallic workpieces

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EP98811062A EP0995805B9 (en) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 Heat treatment installation for a batch of metallic workpieces

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EP0995805B1 EP0995805B1 (en) 2003-05-28
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EP0995805B1 (en) 2003-05-28
EP0995805A1 (en) 2000-04-26
DE69815108D1 (en) 2003-07-03
DE69815108T2 (en) 2004-02-05
ATE241705T1 (en) 2003-06-15
ES2199416T3 (en) 2004-02-16

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