EP0951989A1 - Procédé et machine de formation de sachets d'emballage avec dispositif de fermeture - Google Patents
Procédé et machine de formation de sachets d'emballage avec dispositif de fermeture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0951989A1 EP0951989A1 EP99400946A EP99400946A EP0951989A1 EP 0951989 A1 EP0951989 A1 EP 0951989A1 EP 99400946 A EP99400946 A EP 99400946A EP 99400946 A EP99400946 A EP 99400946A EP 0951989 A1 EP0951989 A1 EP 0951989A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- film
- profiles
- bag
- welding
- closing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/25—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners
- B65D33/2508—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor
- B65D33/2516—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor comprising tamper-indicating means, e.g. located within the fastener
- B65D33/2533—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor comprising tamper-indicating means, e.g. located within the fastener the slide fastener being located between the product compartment and the tamper indicating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B61/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages
- B65B61/18—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for making package-opening or unpacking elements
- B65B61/188—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for making package-opening or unpacking elements by applying or incorporating profile-strips, e.g. for reclosable bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/25—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners
- B65D33/2508—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/25—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners
- B65D33/2508—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor
- B65D33/2516—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor comprising tamper-indicating means, e.g. located within the fastener
- B65D33/2525—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor comprising tamper-indicating means, e.g. located within the fastener located between the fastener and the product compartment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/25—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners
- B65D33/2508—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor
- B65D33/2541—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners using slide fasteners with interlocking members having a substantially uniform section throughout the length of the fastener; Sliders therefor characterised by the slide fastener, e.g. adapted to interlock with a sheet between the interlocking members having sections of particular shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
- B31B70/74—Auxiliary operations
- B31B70/81—Forming or attaching accessories, e.g. opening devices, closures or tear strings
- B31B70/813—Applying closures
- B31B70/8131—Making bags having interengaging closure elements
- B31B70/8133—Applying the closure elements in the cross direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of automatic formation, filling and closing of packaging, comprising closing devices, for example with male profiles and complementary female.
- Such machines are often called FFS, corresponding with the initials of the English expression "Form, Fill and Seal machines”.
- Document US 4,909,017 describes a process in which bags are provided with a closure device, when they are formed on an FFS machine.
- the bags are formed from a film of material thermoplastic.
- the film is in the form of a strip of material extending between two longitudinal free edges with reference to its displacement. This film is unwound upstream of a filling chute.
- the device closure is arranged on the film, also upstream of the chute, transversely to the direction of movement of the film.
- the closing device is made up of two strips with profiles complementary.
- a first strip of the closure device is welded on the film upstream of the chute, on a part of the film intended for form a first bag wall.
- the sachet is then formed into wrapping the chute and welding the two longitudinal edges of the film.
- the second closure strip is then welded downstream of the chute on a second bag wall.
- Document US 4,655,862 also describes a method for forming resealable bags, on FFS machines, during which sachets are provided with a closing device which is arranged perpendicular to the direction of formation of these bags.
- This closing device is removed in upstream of the filler neck, on a film in the form of a single bandaged.
- This strip comprises at least one transverse folding zone at the strip, so that the strip can be folded back on itself and put in place opposite, regions of the strip able to cooperate together to ensure closing the bag.
- a process for manufacturing a film intended forming bags comprising a step of moving the film and to be sequentially fixed on the film and transversely with reference to the direction of movement thereof, a closure device comprising a first strip supporting at least one closing closure profile with another closure profile which is complementary to and supported by it by a second strip, or part of the first strip, which will be fixed to the film subsequently, characterized in that each strip comprises at less a veil extending widely laterally on one side of the profiles supported by each strip.
- Such sails give the invention a number of advantages. Thanks to its larger cross-sectional area, a device for implementation of the method according to the invention is easily carried and positioned. In addition, the sails can be set at temperatures low enough to avoid damaging the profiles.
- FIG 1 three closing devices 1 are shown for the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- These devices 1 include two bands 2, 4.
- Each band 2, 4 includes sails 6, 8 and sections 10, 12.
- the sections 10, 12 extend longitudinally over the strips 2, 4.
- the sections 10, 12 have shapes capable of cooperating with one with each other in a complementary way.
- one of the 10 profiles, said male profile has in cross section, an arrowhead shape, it can be inserted and kept in engagement in the profile 12, said female profile, throat-shaped.
- Each strip 2, 4 can comprise several sections 10, 12 similar, for example, to those described above. These profiles are then parallel to each other.
- the bands 2, 4 comprise respectively a first veil 6 and a second veil 8 which extend widely laterally on one side of the section or sections 10, 12.
- this first veil 6 and this second veil 8 can be replaced by a first 6 and a second 8 parts of a single veil to join the two bands 2, 4.
- the closing devices 1 of FIGS. 1a and 1b comprise two profiles 10, 12 complementary, each supported by one of the two parts 6, 8 of a single veil, U-shaped in cross section relative to the longitudinal direction of the sections 10, 12.
- the sections 10, 12 of the device 1 of closure of the figure are located near the bottom of the throat of the U.
- the sections 10, 12 of the closure device 1 of FIG. 1b are located .near the free ends of the branches of the U. Sails 6, 8 of the closure device 1 of Figure 1c are independent of each other.
- the profiles 10, 12 of the closure device 1 of FIG. 1c are located at near a free sail 6, 8.
- These devices are particularly suitable for being fixed on the film 50, by the method according to the invention, since the surface of the webs 6, 8 is such that it makes it possible to weld these webs 6, 8 on the film 50 on an area of these which is not under the profiles 10, 12. This facilitates the installation of the closure device 1 and the welding of this one on film 50.
- At least one veil 6, 8 extends laterally over an area at least equal in surface to that located under the profiles 10, 12.
- the method according to the invention is used for form sachets 30 on an FFS 100 machine.
- the step of attachment of the first web 6 to a film 50 is carried out upstream of a filling chute 130 of the FFS 100 machine.
- a filling chute 130 of the FFS 100 machine In FIG. 2, is shown a part of the film 50 intended to form sachets 30.
- the film 50 moves in the direction of the chute 130 in the direction indicated by the arrow D.
- the film 50 has two free longitudinal edges 52, 54, parallel to its direction of travel.
- This device 1 is oriented on the film 50, so that the sections 10, 12 are generally perpendicular to the longitudinal edges 52, 54 of the film 50.
- This device 1 can be one of the three devices 1 shown in the figure 1 or one of those presented below or even any which device 1 is suitable for implementing the method according to the invention.
- the device has an approximate length equal to half the dimension of the film 50, taken perpendicular to its direction of movement D.
- the device 1 can be placed close to one of the longitudinal free edges 52, 54.
- the device 1 is fixed approximately centered with respect to the two edges longitudinal free 52, 54.
- a device 1 is guided, pulled or pushed by means on casters and / or by a back and forth mechanism to be positioned on the surface of the film 50.
- the device is placed on the film 50, so that one of the two strips 2, 4 is laid flat on a face of the film 50, on a portion of the film 50 capable of forming a first wall bag 30. In FIG. 2, it is the strip 2 provided with the veil 6 which rests on the surface of the film 50.
- the device 1 is advantageously provided prior to its positioning on the film 50, two welding points 42, 44. Each is located at a longitudinal end 3, 5 of the strips 2, 4, more precisely at the level of the profiles 10, 12, and thus contributes to ensuring the sealing of the closing device 1.
- the device 1 is placed on the film 50 under first means of transverse welding 110.
- first means of welding transverse 110 for example, include a sealing bar 112, transverse and two longitudinal bars 114 relative to the direction of displacement D of the film 50.
- the length of the sealing bar 112 is approximately equal to that of device 1 to be installed and fixed on the film 50.
- the two sealing bars 114 are located at the ends of the sealing bar 112, perpendicular thereto, and have a length approximately equal to the width of the device 1.
- the sealing bars 112, 114 are then lowered and pressed on the edge of the sails 6, 8 together or independently of one another.
- the step of fixing of the first web 6 on the film 50 is carried out only by the longitudinal ends 3, 5 of the strips 2, 4, thanks to the bars of longitudinal welding 114.
- the first veil 6 is fixed to the film 50 by means of the sealing bar 112, only on the edge of the web 6 intended to be towards the outside of the bag 30 relative to the profiles 10, 12, when this bag 30 will be trained.
- the fixing of the first web 6, upstream of the chute is carried out in combining the two previous variants.
- the fixing of the first web 6 is produced at at least two points 47, 49 located at on either side of the profile 10 supported by the web 6, this profile being considered relative to its longitudinal direction.
- the first veil 6 is thus secured to the film 50, at a point situated towards the front and at a point situated backward, relative to the direction of travel D. This allows to prevent the device from overturning during the formation of the sachet 30 on the chute 130 (fig. 2 and fig. 21).
- a machine conforming to the present invention can also allow this variant of the method according to the invention.
- the fixing of the closure device 1 on the film 50 can be produced, before formation of the bag 30, simultaneously with the production of the weld points 42, 44.
- the device 1 is routed on the film 50 without the welding points 42, 44 having been performed.
- sealing bars longitudinal 114 suitable weld the longitudinal ends 3, 5 bands 2, 4 by the same operation as that which carries out the points of solder 42, 44.
- FIG. 3 the formation of a bag 30 is shown from of the film 50, around the chute 130.
- the film 50 provided with the device 1 is routed to chute 130. It is then wrapped around this chute 130.
- the longitudinal free edges 52, 54 are brought one on the other, parallel to the axis of the chute 130, to be welded one on the other by means of longitudinal welding means 120 capable of forming a longitudinal weld 40.
- a bag 30 has two longitudinal folds 31, 33, a closed opening by the device 1, and is hermetically closed by the longitudinal weld 40 and a transverse weld 46.
- the transverse weld 46 extends between the longitudinal folds 31, 33 and is located on the edge of the walls 32, 34 longitudinally opposite the device 1.
- second welding means transverse 116 are shown in FIG. 4. These second transverse welding means 116 are adapted to fix the second web 6 of the device 1 to the second wall 34 of bags 30 downstream of the chute 130.
- the second welding means 116 allow both to weld the device 1 to the walls 32, 34 and to form the transverse weld 46.
- cutting means 140 are mounted integrally with second means transverse welding 116, in order to cut the sachets 30 successive. These cutting means 140 are capable of forming a transverse cutting relative to the displacement of the film 50.
- the second welding means transverse 116 are each provided with a groove 117.
- This groove 117 extends over the entire length of the second welding means transverse 116.
- the grooves 117 of each of the second means of welding 116 are opposite and are turned towards each other to form a cavity. These grooves 117 make it possible not to weld together the walls 32, 34 over a small transverse zone, downstream of the closing. This transverse zone makes it possible to form tongues 36, 38 allowing the gripping of the walls 32, 34 in order to separate them and open the bag 30.
- the closure device 1 for putting implementing the method according to the invention comprises a closing cursor 9.
- This closing slider 9 can be of any known type and suitable for put the sections 10, 12 in engagement with each other in a first direction and to disengage them from each other when moved to a second opposite direction to the first.
- the method of manufacturing films 50 according to the invention must be adapted.
- it includes a step consisting in conveying upstream of the chute 130 a film 50 provided with first cuts 51.
- the first cuts 51 are able to allow easy access to the closing slider 9 over the entire length of the sections 10, 12.
- they are of a shape and dimensions slightly smaller than those of the closing device 1.
- the method according to the invention then comprises a step consisting in positioning a closing device 1 at the level of each of the first cutouts 51, upstream of the chute filling 130.
- the closing device 1 is already provided with the closing slider 9 and the longitudinal ends 3, 5 are possibly already welded together by means of solder points 42, 44.
- the closing device 1 is thus positioned so that the closing slider 9 is on the longitudinal edge of the device closure 1, located towards the front, taking the direction of displacement D of the film 50. At least one of the webs 6, 8 is then welded on the film 50 at at least one edge of the first cutouts 51, thanks to the first transverse welding means 110.
- the film 50 thus provided with closing devices 1 is shaped into a tube, around the chute 130.
- a longitudinal weld 40 is formed by the means longitudinal welding 120.
- a second cut 53 is made in downstream of the longitudinal welding means 120. This second cut 53 is made in the film 50, opposite the first cut 51. This second cut 53 has a shape and a dimension equivalent to those of the first cuts 51.
- the second cuts 53 are made by means of a blade 135.
- this blade 135 is located at the level of the chute 130, it is curved. Welding the closing device 1 is then completed using the second transverse welding means 116.
- the shape of these second transverse welding means 116 is suitable for welding closing devices 1 fitted with sliders closing 9.
- transverse welding means 116 Examples of such transverse welding means 116 are illustrated in Figures 4A and 5A.
- the second transverse welding means comprise an opening 118.
- This opening 118 is parallel to the profiles 10, 12 and of length approximately equal to that of these profiles 10, 12.
- the width of this opening is sufficient for the sealing bars of the second welding means 116 are not applied to the closing slider 9 when the welding device is welded closure 1 on the film 50.
- the welding means 116 thus do not weld on the film 50 that the webs 6, 8 of the closure device 1, with optionally the longitudinal ends 3, 5 of the strips 2, 4.
- the second welding means 116 thus form the transverse welds 46 and 48 of the bag 30.
- FIG. 5A according to another variant of the second means of transverse welding 116, these have a U shape in section transverse. This shape provides grooves 117 forming a cavity which is suitable for receiving the profiles 10, 12 and the closing slider 9, without the deform when the sealing bars of the second welding means 116 are pressed together to form the welds transverse 46 and 48.
- peelable welding strips 18, 20 are arranged between the sails 6, 8 on the side of these sails 6, 8 intended to be towards the inside of the bag 30.
- FIG. 6 represents a closure device 1 provided, in addition to its sails 6, 8 and its sections 10, 12, of two strips 18, 20 capable of forming a peelable weld. These peelable weld strips 18, 20 extend over the entire length of the device 1, at the edges of the free ends of the webs 6, 8. This weld peelable 18, 20 therefore joins the sails 6, 8, or parts of sails, on the side which will be located towards the outside of the bag 30 relative to the profiles 10, 12, after complete formation of this sachet.
- FIG. 7a illustrates, at the level of the second welding means 116, the positioning and welding of the device 1 on the walls 32, 34.
- the device of FIG. 6 is shown there in configuration closed.
- the peelable weld strips 18, 20 are pre-welded the other.
- the free edge of one 6 of the sails 6, 8 of the device 1 is fixed to the wall 34 thanks to the first welding means 110.
- the weld strips peelable 18, 20 are not pre-welded and are then welded together and on the wall 34 during the operation of fixing the web 6 on this wall 34 by the first welding means 110.
- all of the walls 32, 34, sails 6, 8 and peelable welding strips 18, 20 are welded by second transverse welding means 116.
- the wall 32 After the wall 32 has been brought closer to the free edge of the other 8 of the sails 6, 8, it is proceeded to the completion of the fixing of the device 1 on the walls 32, 34, simultaneously with the formation of the weld 46 and the cutting of the walls 32, 34, between the seal 46 of a bag and the closure device 1 of the next bag (fig. 7b).
- the groove 117 of the second transverse welding means 116 makes it possible to keep two areas of the walls 32, 34 which are not welded, so as to constitute tongues 36, 38 on the side of the sections 10, 12 located towards the outside of the bag 30.
- FIG. 8 a closure device provided with two protective strips 14, 16. These protective strips 14, 16 extend over the entire length of the free longitudinal edges of the webs 6, 8. These protective strips are provided with a barrier layer on their faces brought to face, which allows the protective bands not weld together.
- the device 1 is welded to the walls 32, 34 with second welding means transverse 116, not provided with grooves 117.
- FIG. 9b we note that the walls 32, 34 are welded to the device 1 both at the level of the peelable solder strips 18, 20 and at the protective strips 14, 16. But the protective strips 14, 16 are not welded between they. There are thus tabs 36, 38 capable of gripping the walls 32, 34 of the bag 30 in order to open the latter.
- FIG. 10 schematically represents a closure device 1, provided with a line of perforations 22.
- This line of perforations 22 is finds, when the device is in the open position between the profiles 10 and 12, at approximately equal distance from each.
- This line of perforations 22 extends over the entire length of the device 1 at the bottom of the U-shaped groove formed by the latter, when it is in the closed configuration. After opening the bag 30, separating the strips of peelable solder 18, 20 and the complementary sections 10, 12, the device 1 is torn apart level of the perforation line 22.
- FIG. 11 represents a variant of the device 1 presented in the Figure 10.
- a thin veil 7 forms the groove of the U between profiles 10, 12.
- This thin veil 7 can easily be torn to open the bag 30 but it offers, as long as it is intact, a means for ensuring a additional sealing to the closing device. If this veil 7 extends enough, it can turn over to and between the sails 6, 8 when the contents of the bag 30 is poured, to protect the profiles 10, 12 of the contents of the bag 30.
- the sections 10, 12 thus protected remain clean and able to cooperate effectively with each other when desired close the bag 30.
- This veil 7 can also form a funnel or a pouring spout, when is pulled out of the bag 30 (fig. 12).
- the veil 7 consists of two roughly trapezoidal elements arranged one on top of the other and linked between them on the two non-parallel edges of the trapezoids and on the edge the shorter of the two parallel edges.
- the length of that of the two edges the trapezoid which is the longest, is equal to the size of the bag 30 transversely to the direction of movement D of the film 50.
- These two non-parallel edges are welded between and with the ends longitudinal 3, 5 opposite bands 2, 4.
- a closure device 1 comprising, in addition to peelable strips of weld 18, 20, the profiles complementary 10, 12 and the sails 6, 8, a sealing membrane 26.
- This membrane 26 is welded over the entire length of the device 1, by example near the peelable weld 18, between this strip of peelable weld 18 and the profile 10.
- This sealing membrane 26 extends laterally in the direction of the other profile 12 by covering the profile 10.
- FIG 14 shows the device 1 shown in Figure 13 in closed position. We can see that the waterproofing membrane 26 is taken between profiles 10 and 12.
- Figure 15 shows a device similar to that of Figures 13 and 14, with the difference that it has two sealing membranes 26 each welded to one of the sails 6, 8.
- Figures 16 to 20 show variants of a device 1 of closure comprising at least one peelable weld strip 18, 20, 21 and a line of perforations 19.
- Figure 16 is shown a device 1 which has a band single peelable weld 21 fixed between the webs 6 and 8.
- the line of perforations 19 is on the edge of the peelable weld strip 21 located towards the outside of the bag 30 and between the sails 6 and 8.
- This line of perforations extend over the entire length of the device 1. It allows tear the peelable weld more easily when the walls are moved apart 32 and 34 to open the bag 30.
- Figure 17 shows a device in the open configuration.
- the line of perforations 19 is located between the sections 10 and 12, at approximately equal distance from each of them, at the joint of the sails 6 and 8.
- Strips of peelable weld 18, 20 run along this line of perforations 19 over the entire length of the closure device 1.
- FIG. 18 shows, in the closed position, the device of the Figure 17 fixed on a bag 30.
- a bag 30 To open the bag 30, we spread its walls 32, 34, which induces a stress between the walls 6 and 8 and causes the tear of the line of perforations 19.
- This bag 30 can possibly be closed by pressing the strips of peelable solder 18 and 20, if they are for example adhesive tapes. This then ensures a greater seal than with cooperation alone profiles 10, 12 with each other.
- Figures 19 and 20 show a closure device such as that shown in Figures 17 and 18, further comprising a membrane sealing 26.
- This sealing membrane 26 is welded to the web 8, near the peelable weld strip 20 and extends laterally to the above profile 12.
- FIG. 21 represents a closure device fixed on a film 50 (for example before passing over the filling chute 130 of a FFS machine).
- This device 1 consists of two sails 6, 8 joined between them to form a U.
- the veil 6 is fixed to the film 50 by two points of welding 47, 49, located on the wall 6 on either side of the direction longitudinal profile 10. These welding points 47, 49 can be made before folding the device on itself to cooperate the sections 10, 12 between them.
- the welding points 47, 49 can be more or less extended in the longitudinal direction of the bands 2, 4. They may optionally also extend over the entire length of the device 1.
- the device can only be retained in the film 50 by a single 49 of these welding points 47, 49.
- point 49 is the one located downstream from displacement D of the film 50, so as to prevent the device 1 from turning over when passing over the filling chute 130.
- one of these welding points 47, 49 is located on the side of the profiles 10, 12 which will be inside the bag 30 once this one formed. In this case, no welding point will be made equivalent opposite, on the second veil 8. In this way, we constitutes a hinged configuration which offers better resistance to internal pressure in the bag 30 (Figure 22).
- the invention also extends to a machine for manufacture of a film 50 intended to form sachets 30, comprising first transverse welding means 110, relative to the direction for moving the film 50, capable of fixing a closure device 1 provided sails 6, 8 on the film 50.
- a film 50 is thus obtained for the formation of sachets 30 provided with closing devices 1.
- closing devices 1 do not are fixed to the film 50 only by a first veil 6. Bags 30 can then be shaped and completed from this film 50 provided with closure 1, either on a bag forming machine 30 to be used and filled later, either on an FFS machine.
- the invention therefore also extends to a training machine, automatic filling and closing, which includes first welding means 110, transverse, upstream of a chute 130 of filling and second transverse welding means 116 downstream of the chute 130.
- first welding means 110 transverse, upstream of a chute 130 of filling
- second transverse welding means 116 downstream of the chute 130.
- the concept of transversality being understood here with reference to the direction of movement of the film 50.
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale trois exemples de dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2 représente schématiquement, une vue en perpective d'un dispositif de fermeture et de moyens de soudage de ce dispositif sur un film destiné à former des sachets par le procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 3 représente schématiquement, une vue en perspective de premiers et seconds moyens de soudage d'un dispositif de fermeture, situés respectivement en amont et en aval, d'un tube de remplissage d'une machine de formation de sachets selon l'invention :
- la figure 3A représente schématiquement, une vue en perspective d'une variante de la machine de formation de sachets, selon l'invention, adaptée pour la fixation de dispositifs de fermeture munis d'un curseur de fermeture ;
- la figure 4 est une vue en élévation de côté des seconds moyens de soudage d'un dispositif de fermeture, d'une machine de formation de sachets selon l'invention ;
- la figure 4A est une vue en élévation de côté des seconds moyens de soudage d'un dispositif de fermeture, d'une variante d'une machine de formation de sachets, selon l'invention, adaptés pour la fixation de dispositifs de fermeture munis d'un curseur de fermeture ;
- la figure 5 est une coupe longitudinale de la goulotte de remplissage et des seconds moyens de soudage du dispositif de fermeture, selon le plan V.V, de la machine de formation de sachets selon l'invention, représentée à la figure 4 ;
- la figure 5A est une coupe transversale d'une variante des seconds moyens de soudage d'une machine de formation de sachets, selon l'invention, adaptée pour la fixation de dispositifs de fermeture munis d'un curseur de fermeture ;
- la figure 6 est une coupe transversale d'un exemple de dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 7 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale par rapport à la longueur du dispositif de fermeture représenté à la figure 6, des seconds moyens de soudage et des moyens de découpe, d'une machine de formation de sachets selon l'invention ;
- la figure 8 représente schématiquement une coupe transversale d'un autre exemple de dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention;
- la figure 9 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, par rapport à la longueur du dispositif de fermeture représenté à la figure 8, des seconds moyens de soudage et des moyens de découpe d'une machine de formation de sachets selon l'invention ;
- la figure 10 représente une coupe transversale schématique d'un autre exemple de dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 11 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, un autre exemple de dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 12 représente schématiquement, une vue en élévation de face, d'un sachet muni d'un autre exemple de dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 13 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, un autre exemple du dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 14 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, le dispositif représenté à la figure 13 en configuration refermée ;
- la figure 15 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, une autre variante du dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 16 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, le haut d'un sachet muni d'une autre variante d'un dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 17 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, une autre variante d'un dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 18 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, le dispositif de fermeture représenté à la figure 17 dans la configuration refermée ;
- la figure 19 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, une autre variante d'un dispositif de fermeture pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 20 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, le dispositif de fermeture représenté à la figure 19, en configuration refermée ;
- la figure 21 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, une variante de la fixation d'un dispositif de fermeture sur un film, par le procédé selon l'invention ;
- la figure 22 représente schématiquement, en coupe transversale, le haut d'un sachet avec un dispositif de fermeture fixé sur le sachet selon une variante du procédé selon l'invention.
Claims (48)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un film (50) destiné à former des sachets (30) , comprenant les étapes consistant à déplacer le film (50) et à fixer séquentiellement sur le film (50) et transversalement en référence à la direction de déplacement (D) de celui-ci, un dispositif (1) de fermeture comprenant une première bande (2) supportant au moins un profilé (10) de fermeture, en prise avec un autre profilé (12) de fermeture qui lui est complémentaire et supporté par une deuxième bande (4), ou une partie de la première bande (2), qui sera fixée au film (50) ultérieurement, caractérisé en ce que chaque bande (2, 4) comporte au moins un voile (6, 8) s'étendant largement latéralement sur un côté du ou des profilé(s) (10, 12) supporté(s) par chaque bande (2,4).
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation est réalisée par soudage du film (50) avec au moins une zone des voiles (6, 8) différente de celle située sous les profilés (10, 12).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un voile (6, 8) s'étend latéralement sur une zone au moins égale en surface à celle située sous les profilés (10, 12).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour former des sachets (30) sur une machine de formation, remplissage et fermeture automatiques.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour fixer, sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) de fermeture comprenant deux profilés (10, 12) complémentaires, chacun supporté par une des deux parties (6, 8) en vis à vis d'un voile unique en forme de U, en coupe transverse par rapport à la direction longitudinale des profilés (10, 12).
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour fixer, sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) de fermeture muni d'une ligne de perforations (19, 22) entre les profilés (10, 12) et à approximativement égale distance de chacun d'eux.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une étape de fixation d'un premier voile (6) sur le film (50) est réalisée en amont d'une goulotte de remplissage (130) de la machine de formation, remplissage et fermeture automatiques.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une étape de fixation d'un second voile (8) sur une seconde paroi (34) de sachet (30) est réalisée en aval de la goulotte (130).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en de qu'il est utilisé pour fixer le dispositif (1) de fermeture de manière à ce que les profilés (10, 12) se trouvent globalement perpendiculaires aux bords longitudinaux (52, 54) du film (50).
- Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en qu'il est utilisé pour fixer le dispositif (1) de fermeture de manière approximativement centrée par rapport aux bords longitudinaux (52, 54) du film (50).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la fixation d'un premier voile (6) sur le film (50) est réalisée par les extrémités longitudinales (3, 5) des bandes (2, 4).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour fixer sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) de fermeture qui comprend une membrane (26) d'étanchéité prise entre les profilés (10, 12).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est utilisé pour fixer sur le film (50) un dispositif de fermeture (1) muni d'un curseur de fermeture (9).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 et 12, caractérisé en ce que la fixation d'un premier voile (6) sur le film est réalisée sur le bord du voile (6) destiné à être vers l'extérieur du sachet (30) par rapport aux profilés (10, 12).
- Procédé caractérisé en ce qu'il est conforme aux revendications 11 et 14 prises en combinaison.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation du premier voile (6) sur le film (50) est réalisé en un seul point (49) situé du côté des profilés (10, 12) qui se trouvera à l'intérieur du sachet (30), une fois celui-ci formé.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation d'un premier voile (6) sur le film (50) est réalisée avec au moins deux points (47, 49) situés sur le voile (6) de part et d'autre de la direction longitudinale du profilé (10).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation du premier voile (6) sur le film (50) est réalisée avec un point de soudage situé du côté des profilés (10, 12) qui se trouvera à l'intérieur du sachet (30), une fois celui-ci formé et en ce qu'il n'est pas réalisé de point de soudage équivalent situé en vis à vis, sur le deuxième voile (8), cette configuration permettant notamment de constituer une charnière opposant une meilleure résistance à une pression interne au sachet (30).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour fixer, sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) de fermeture comprenant une soudure pelable (18, 20, 21) joignant les voiles ou parties de voiles (6, 8), du côté qui sera situé vers l'extérieur du sachet (30) par rapport aux profilés (10, 12), après formation complète de ce sachet (30).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour fixer, sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) de fermeture en conservant une zone des parois (32, 34) de sachet (30), non soudée, du côté des profilés (10, 12) situé vers l'extérieur du sachet (30).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour fixer, sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) de fermeture comprenant deux bandes de protection (14, 16), qui ne se soudent pas entre elles, pour former des languettes (36, 38) aptes à la préhension des parois (32, 34).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour fixer sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) qui comprend une membrane (7) apte à former un bec verseur ou un entonnoir.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend une étape consistant à acheminer en amont de la goulotte (130), un film (50) muni de premières découpes (51), espacées l'une de l'autre sur le film (50) d'une distance égale à la dimension d'un sachet (30) dans la direction parallèle au déplacement (D) du film (50).
- Procédé selon la revendication 23, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend une étape consistant à positionner le dispositif de fermeture (1) au niveau de chacune des premières découpes (51) et à souder au moins l'un des voiles (6, 8) sur le film (50), au niveau d'au moins un bord des premières découpes (51) grâce aux premiers moyens de soudage (110).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 23 et 24, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à réaliser une deuxième découpe (53) dans le film (50), en vis à vis de la première découpe (51), en aval des moyens de soudage longitudinaux 120.
- Machine de fabrication d'un film (50) destiné à former des sachets (30), par le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des premiers moyens de soudage (110) transversaux, par rapport à la direction de déplacement du film (50), aptes à fixer, sur le film (50), un dispositif (1) de fermeture muni d'au moins un voile (6,8) s'étendant largement latéralement sur un côté du ou des profilé(s) (10, 12) supporté(s) par chaque bande (2, 4).
- Machine de fabrication d'un film (50) selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que les premiers moyens de soudage (110) sont aptes à ne souder qu'une zone des voiles (6, 8) différente de celle située sous les profilés (10, 12).
- Machine, selon l'une des revendications 26 et 27, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des premiers moyens de soudage (110), en amont d'une goulotte (130) de remplissage et des seconds moyens de soudage (116) en aval de la goulotte (130), ces premiers et seconds moyens de soudage (110, 116) étant transversaux en référence à la direction de déplacement du film (50).
- Machine selon l'une des revendications 26 à 28, caractérisée en ce que les premiers (110) et seconds (116) moyens de soudage sont aptes à ne souder qu'une zone des voiles (6, 8) différente de celle située sous les profilés (10, 12).
- Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 26 à 29, caractérisée en ce qu'elle permet de réaliser la fixation du premier voile (6), en au moins deux points (47, 49) situés sur le voile 6, de part et d'autre de la direction longitudinale du profilé (10).
- Machine selon l'une des revendications 26 à 30, caractérisé en ce que les premiers moyens de soudage (110) comprennent deux barres longitudinales (114), par rapport à la direction de déplacement (D) du film (50), aptes à réaliser la fixation d'un premier voile (6) sur le film (50), par les extrémités longitudinales (3, 5) des bandes (2, 4).
- Machine selon l'une des revendications 26 à 31, caractérisé en ce que les premiers moyens de soudage (110) comprennent une barre de soudage (112) apte à réaliser la fixation d'un premier voile (6), sur le film (50), seulement sur le bord de ce voile (6) destiné à être vers l'extérieur du sachet (30) par rapport aux profilés (10, 12), lorsque ce sachet (30) sera formé.
- Machine selon l'une des revendications 26 à 32, caractérisé par le fait qu'elle comprend une lame 135 en aval des moyens de soudage longitudinaux 120, pour réaliser une deuxième découpe (53) dans le film (50) en vis à vis d'une première découpe (51), si cette lame (135) est située au niveau d'une goulotte (130), elle est incurvée.
- Machine selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle est apte à fixer des dispositifs (1) de fermeture munis d'un curseur (9) de fermeture.
- Machine selon la revendication 34, caractérisé par le fait qu'elle comprend des seconds moyens de soudage transversaux (116) comprenant une ouverture (118) parallèle aux profilés (10, 12) de largeur approximativement égale à celle des profilés (10, 12), et de largeur suffisante pour que les barres de soudage des seconds moyens de soudage (116) ne soient pas appliquées sur le curseur (9) lors du soudage du dispositif de fermeture (1) sur le film (50).
- Machine selon l'une des revendications 34 et 35, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend des seconds moyens de soudage transversaux (116) en forme de U en coupe transverse, ménageant une cavité apte à recevoir les profilés (1a, 12) et le curseur de fermeture (9), sans les déformer lorsque les barres de soudage des seconds moyens de soudage (116) sont pressées l'une contre l'autre.
- Machine selon l'une des revendications 34 à 36, caractérisé par le fait qu'elle comprend une goulotte (130) munie d'une rainure longitudinale apte à guider le curseur de fermeture (9) lors du passage d'un dispositif de fermeture (1) sur ladite goulotte (130).
- Dispositif (1) de fermeture de sachets (30) pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon les revendications 1 à 25 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux voiles (6, 8) s'étendant largement latéralement sur au moins un côté d'un ensemble d'un ou plusieurs profilés (10, 12).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 38, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une soudure pelable (18, 20, 21) joignant les voiles (6, 8) ou parties de voiles, du côté qui sera situé vers l'extérieur du sachet (30) par rapport aux profilés (10, 12), après formation complète de ce sachet (30).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 38 et 39, caractérisé en ce qu'il peut être fixé sur des parois (32, 34) tout en conservant une zone des parois (32, 34) de sachet (30), non soudée, du côté des profilés (10, 12), situé vers l'extérieur du sachet (30).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 40, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux bandes de protection (14, 16), qui ne se soudent pas entre elles, pour former des languettes (36, 38) aptes à la préhension des parois (32, 34).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 38 à 41, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une membrane (26) d'étanchéité destinée à être prise entre les profilés (10, 12).
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 38 à 42, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une membrane (7) apte à former un bec verseur ou un entonnoir.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 38 à 43, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'une ligne de perforations (19, 22), entre les profilés (10, 12) et à approximativement égale distance de chacun d'eux.
- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 38 à 44, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est muni d'un curseur (9) de fermeture.
- Film pour la formation de sachets (30) muni de dispositifs de fermeture (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 25.
- Film pour la formation de sachets (30) muni de dispositifs de fermeture (1) selon l'une des revendications 38 à 44, avec seulement un premier voile (6) fixé au film (50).
- Sachet fabriqué grâce au procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 25.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9804913A FR2777498B1 (fr) | 1998-04-20 | 1998-04-20 | Procede et machine de formation de sachets d'emballage avec dispositif de fermeture |
FR9804913 | 1998-04-20 | ||
FR9806292A FR2777499B1 (fr) | 1998-04-20 | 1998-05-19 | Procede et machine de formation de sachets d'emballage avec dispositif de fermeture |
FR9806292 | 1998-05-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0951989A1 true EP0951989A1 (fr) | 1999-10-27 |
EP0951989B1 EP0951989B1 (fr) | 2008-03-19 |
Family
ID=26234276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99400946A Expired - Lifetime EP0951989B1 (fr) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-04-19 | Procédé de formation de sachets d'emballage avec dispositif de fermeture |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US20020072460A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0951989B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69938373D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2777499B1 (fr) |
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- 1999-04-19 EP EP99400946A patent/EP0951989B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-01-04 US US10/040,117 patent/US20020072460A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7086782B2 (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2006-08-08 | Sargento Foods, Inc. | Resealable bag for filling with food products and method |
US7101079B2 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2006-09-05 | Sargento Foods, Inc. | Resealable bag for filling with food product(s) and method |
EP1123796A3 (fr) * | 1999-12-17 | 2002-07-03 | Reynolds Consumer Products, Inc. | Fabrication d'emballages refermables en utilisant l'application tranversale de fermetures à glissière |
US6588176B1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2003-07-08 | Reynolds Consumer Products, Inc. | Methods of manufacturing reclosable packages using transverse closure and slider applicator |
US6792740B2 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2004-09-21 | Reynolds Consumer Products, Inc. | Method of manufacturing reclosable packages using transverse closure and slider applicator |
FR2820005A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-02 | Illinois Tool Works | Bande a glissiere refermable a ailes revetues |
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EP1300341A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-09 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Fermeture à glissière préscellée |
US6901637B2 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2005-06-07 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Zipper with pre-activated peel-seal |
US7207718B2 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2007-04-24 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. M | Zipper with pre-activated peel-seal |
GB2406326A8 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-04-15 | Supreme Plastics Holdings Ltd | Reclosable bags having a tear-open string |
GB2406326B (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-10-12 | Supreme Plastics Holdings Ltd | Improvements in reclosable bags and like containers |
GB2406326A (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-03-30 | Supreme Plastics Holdings Ltd | Reclosable bags having a tear-open string |
WO2004013007A1 (fr) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Supreme Plastics Holdings Limited | Sacs refermables presentant une bandelette a ouvrir en dechirant |
US7470063B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2008-12-30 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Reclosable bags having a tear-open string |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040038791A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
US6983574B2 (en) | 2006-01-10 |
US20040023776A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
DE69938373D1 (de) | 2008-04-30 |
EP0951989B1 (fr) | 2008-03-19 |
US6928791B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
US20020072460A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
FR2777499B1 (fr) | 2000-07-07 |
US20040023777A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
FR2777499A1 (fr) | 1999-10-22 |
US20040023772A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
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