EP0945697A1 - Identification system - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has at least one laser device for identifying at least one target device or object. The laser device transmits an encoded laser beam (11) and the target/object has sensors (61-67) for detecting the laser beam and converting it into electrical signals, a discriminator and a transmitter for sending messages to a receiver inside or outside the laser device depending on decisions made in the discriminator. The laser and target devices each contain a microprocessor, ultrasonic unit and/or radio unit. If the laser device does not receive a return message from the target device within a defined period of transmitting an encoded laser beam it transmits another laser beam with different encoding which causes the ultrasonic unit and/or the radio unit in the target device to transmit an acknowledgement which can be read by the corresponding laser device unit. An Independent claim is also included for a target device for an identification system and method of operating an identification system.

Description

The invention relates to military identification systems, in particular to Identification systems working with lasers.

efreundete" Soldaten ein erfindungsgemässes auf der Waffe montiertes Systemgerät zur Beleuchtung eines Zieles mit sich und tragen auf ihren Körpern eine im Sinne der Erfindung dem Systemgerät zugehörige Gurtvorrichtung mit Sensoren, die bei beliebigen Simulations-Szenarien in Übungen und Gefechten Detektionsaufgaben für verschiedene Anwendungen erfüllen, wobei ein solches Systemgerät aus Teilen der Gegenstände der Parallel-Patentanmeldungen EP-97 120818.6, EP-97 202141.4, EP-97 113661.9 und EP-97 109111.1 des Anmelders bestehen kann.Lead according to the present invention

"Friendly" soldiers have a system device according to the invention mounted on the weapon for illuminating a target with them and carry on their bodies a belt device associated with the system device with sensors which perform detection tasks for various applications in any simulation scenarios in exercises and battles such a system device can consist of parts of the subjects of the parallel patent applications EP-97 120818.6, EP-97 202141.4, EP-97 113661.9 and EP-97 109111.1 of the applicant.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved identification system a simple and particularly reliable data transmission for identification tasks to reach.

This object is achieved in an advantageous manner according to the invention by an identification system according to claim 1 .

Other advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the further dependent ones Claims.

Fig. 1 ein auf einer Waffe montiertes Systemgerät nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 2 die rückseitige Ansicht eines Systemgeräts nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 die linksseitige Ansicht des Systemgeräts nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 die rechtsseitige Ansicht des Systemgeräts nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Arbeitsweise einer mit Sensoren ausgerüsteten Gurtvorrichtung des erfindungsgemässen Erkennungssystems, insbesondere im Fall eines teilweise verdeckten Ziels,

Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung der elektronischen Ansteuerung eines bevorzugten Niederspannungs-CW-Lasers, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einem Laser-Zielbeleuchtungsteil des erfindungsgemässen Systemgeräts,

Fig. 7 ein Blockschaltbild einer Sensorschaltung für die Sensoren einer solchen Gurtvorrichtung,

Fig. 8 den inneren Bereich eines kapselförmigen Gehäuses eines Sensors,

Fig. 9 einen Schnitt durch die Linie IX- IX in Fig. 8,

Fig. 10 eine Ausführungsform einer Kontrolleinheit in Vorderansicht,

Fig. 11 eine Ausführungsform der Kontrolleinheit in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 12 ein Blockschema einer steuernden Einheit,

Fig. 13 ein beispielhaftes Datenpaket, welches zwischen den Komponenten des Gurtsytems ausgetauscht wird,

Fig. 14 ein Gefechts-Simulations oder -Kontrollsystem in schematischer Darstellung,

Fig. 15 einen Querschnitt entlang einer Laserlichtquelle nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 16 ein Blockdiagramm der Elektronik in der Laser-Vorrichtung einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung,

Fig. 17 ein den Abfrage-Vorgang beschreibendes Flussdiagramm,

Fig. 18 ein den Antwort-Vorgang beschreibendes Flussdiagramm,

Fig. 19 eine schematische Darstellung der Wirkungsweise des erfindungsgemässen Zielgeräts,

Fig. 20 eine schematische Darstellung eines holographischen Phasengitters, und

Fig. 21 eine Beleuchtung und Markierung eines Ziels mit dem erfindungsgemässen Zielhilfegerät.

The invention will now be explained in more detail below, for example with reference to drawings. It shows:

1 is a system device mounted on a weapon according to the invention,

2 shows the rear view of a system device according to FIG. 1,

3 shows the left-hand view of the system device according to FIG. 1,

4 shows the right-hand view of the system device according to FIG. 1,

5 shows a schematic representation to explain the mode of operation of a belt device equipped with sensors of the detection system according to the invention, in particular in the case of a partially covered target,

6 shows a schematic illustration of the electronic control of a preferred low-voltage CW laser, in particular for use in a laser target illumination part of the system device according to the invention,

7 is a block diagram of a sensor circuit for the sensors of such a belt device,

8 the inner area of a capsule-shaped housing of a sensor,

9 shows a section through the line IX-IX in FIG. 8 ,

10 shows an embodiment of a control unit in front view,

11 shows an embodiment of the control unit in side view,

12 is a block diagram of a control unit,

13 shows an exemplary data packet which is exchanged between the components of the belt system,

14 is a combat simulation or control system in a schematic representation,

15 shows a cross section along a laser light source according to the invention,

16 is a block diagram of the electronics in the laser device of a first embodiment of the present invention.

17 is a flowchart describing the polling process;

18 is a flowchart describing the response process;

19 shows a schematic illustration of the mode of operation of the target device according to the invention,

20 is a schematic representation of a holographic phase grating, and

21 an illumination and marking of a target with the target assist device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows how a detection system unit 1 according to the invention is mounted on a weapon 2 that the center of gravity line 21 of the equipped with the laser device 1 gun intersects the laser device 1 itself. As can be seen from FIG. 2 , the laser device 1 ( FIG. 1 ) comprises a laser target lighting part 3 , a housing part 4 in which, among other things, batteries necessary for operation are accommodated, and a mounting rail 5 which forms the interface of the weapon. Parts 3 and 4 have partially cylindrical sections that run parallel to one another so that a soldier can aim between them along a line of sight 22 ( FIG. 1 ). An end face of part 3 has a display window 31 in the manner of a miniature screen, which is used to display various pictograms for important information. The housing part 4 is provided with a light spot 41 , a light zone 42 , a mounting aid 43 for an antenna, two coax connections 44 , an operating button 45 , 46 and a switch 47 .

It can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3 that the front part of part 3 has laser optics 32 which can emit a laser beam 11 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the mounting rail 5 can be provided with extensions 51 , 52 which facilitate mounting the device 1 on the weapon 2 . In part 3 , a lateral lever 33 can be provided, in order to bring about a change in the laser beam characteristic by inserting a hologram plate in such a way that the beam diameter is expanded in a ring-shaped, area-shaped manner or by points distributed in a ring at the target.

4 shows a housing part 4 with a pivotable rod antenna 53 and with a snap or fixing device 54 for this antenna 53 . A receiver optics 48 can be present on the front side of the housing part 4 .

FIG. 5 shows a belt device 6 intended for the equipment of soldiers for combat purposes with a large number of electrical or electronic components. A belt device of this type is known for example from DE-OS-40 03 960 A1 . The belt device 6 according to FIG. 5 , however, carries sensors 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , which are preferably equipped with a special electronic circuit. In addition, this belt device carries one or more LED transmitters 68 , 70 and a GPS and a control unit 7, optionally with a battery. In the example according to FIG. 5, there is an obstacle, for example a bush 12 , between the laser target lighting part 3 in the weapon of a first soldier A and the belt device of a second soldier B.

The pulsed CW continuous wave laser 8 according to FIG. 6 is connected to a modulator 81 and comprises, for example, a laser diode 82 , a feedback diode 83 coupled to it, an operational amplifier 84 and a transistor 85 as well as some resistors 86 , 87 and 88 . The anode of the diode 82 and the cathode of the diode 83 are connected together to a voltage source 89 (positive pole), for example a battery of 3 to 5 volts. The cathode of the diode 82 is connected to earth (negative pole) via the series connection of the resistor 86 and the emitter-collector path of the transistor 85 . The amplifier 84 with the resistor 87 connected downstream is inserted between the anode of the diode 83 and the base of the transistor 85 . The base of transistor 85 , which forms the modulation input of the circuit, is connected to ground via resistor 88 . A reference potential can of course also serve as earth. The modulator comprises a circuit 81 which not only effects a coding function, but also a chopper function or chopper function in order to include a light signal of the (carrier) frequency ft before coding, which takes place at a bit rate of the frequency fd to chop a chopper frequency fz.

The sensors 61 to 67 according to FIG. 5 contain a sensor circuit 9 according to FIG. 7 . The circuit 9 comprises, for example, a detector diode 91 , the cathode of which is connected on the one hand to the input of an amplifier 92 and on the other hand via a coil 93 to the one connection of a capacitor 94 . The output of the amplifier 92 is connected via an integrator filter 95 to a microprocessor 96 , the output signals of which are fed to the control unit 7 via cables.

The friend-foe detection system of the present invention operates under two different environmental conditions depending on whether the target soldier is in open terrain or under cover. If, in a scenario with open terrain, a soldier A wants to identify a soldier B who is not in cover (in FIG. 5 , this would be without bush 12 ), he puts his laser-aiming device 1 mounted on the weapon into operation and " shoots "Soldier B with a laser beam 11 from the laser target illumination device 1 . A coded message 13 transported by the laser beam 11 requires soldier B to identify himself. A belt device 6 on soldier B receives the coded message 13 , which is composed of a signal from soldier A comprising, for example, 116 bits. A sensor, for example 63 on the belt device 6 from soldier B, recognizes the 116-bit signal, which is composed as follows: soldier number / security code / possibly GPS data / form of the answer. Soldier B will now receive the coordinates of soldier A , and an LED transmitter 68 on the belt device 6 of soldier B will transmit a confirmation code. The confirmation code can be freely selected by the unit using the system. For example, it can consist of the name of Soldier B , the battalion, the location (GPS coordinates) or any other terms.

According to one embodiment of the invention, soldier A is not only equipped with a laser transmitter 3 , but also has a laser receiver, optionally accommodated in part 4 , with a receiver optics 48 , which is mounted parallel to the laser transmitter, that is to say part 3 . The laser receiver now receives diffuse light from soldier B emitted by LED transmitter 68 or 70 . Soldier A sends an identification code until he receives Confirmation from Soldier B. If soldier B belongs to his own party, soldier A sees a red alarm signal in red dot 41 and / or in illuminated zone 42 , which prohibits him from fighting soldier B. This alarm signal appears in the system in such a way that it can only be seen by soldier A and not by the enemy.

Although soldier A receives the confirmation signal for example via the receiver optics 48 in the LED-receiver 49 of his device 1, an appropriate target illumination device 3 of the laser device 1 of soldier B is not used as an infrared transmitter to return to the confirmation signal to soldier A, because the laser target illuminator 3 emits a beam of light that is focused too sharply. This narrow beam of light, preferably oriented at an angle of approximately 0.5 mrad, could not send the confirmation signal back to soldier A , since soldier B does not necessarily know the position of soldier A. Therefore, a high-performance LED transmitter 68/70 (LED light emitting diode) is used to return the confirmation code, which is also attached to the belt device 6 of soldier B. This LED transmitter 68/70 emits its light output in a much larger solid angle, which is why soldier B's confirmation can be received by soldier A under all circumstances. As long as soldier A can see soldier B, he will be able to receive the confirmation signal.

Since the fighting is increasingly taking place in poor lighting conditions, it is becoming increasingly common to equip soldiers taking part in the fighting with night vision goggles. If this is the case, the weapon 1 is usually guided by the soldier in the hip stop. The observation and aiming process takes place along the laser beam 11 , which is visible through night vision glasses (not shown). As a result of the hip position of the weapon 1 , the red alarm signal ( 41 and / or 42 ) is not visible to the soldier carrying the weapon 1 . However, since the laser target illumination device 3 is controlled by a microprocessor, it is easily possible to alternately switch the laser beam 11 on and off instead of or in addition to the red alarm signal. The soldier equipped with night vision goggles can quickly and easily record the alarm signal via the laser beam and thus identify the illuminated soldier as belonging to his own party.

If the illuminated soldier is in cover, for example hidden behind a bush 12 , soldier A can only partially see soldier B's body. Soldier A shoots again with laser beam 11 as described above. The belt device 6 from soldier B will nevertheless detect the laser beam from soldier A because the overall system has sufficient sensitivity for this type of application, for example in that the sensors 61, 62, 63, .... are each equipped with special electronics, which can be powered by a common battery or possibly also by a single small battery. The main problem is that soldier B's LED transmitter 68 can be completely shielded by bush 12 and soldier A does not receive soldier B's response. Soldier A can only receive light directly from LED transmitter 68/70 because the light is diffused and not directed. If soldier A receives no confirmation within a period of time Ta of, for example, 100 ms after the laser beam has been emitted, but soldier B is obviously able to receive messages from soldier A , soldier B is given a second chance by sending out a pulse sequence via an the belt device 6 attached radio unit 71 , which may include a radio transmitter or radio transceiver, to transmit a confirmation. Soldier A can receive this radio signal under all conceivable circumstances, but because of its vulnerability to enemy countermeasures, it should only be used if other means fail. Enemy forces could also send their own soldiers to be tracked or not identified by sending such radio signals. If soldier B is an enemy, there is no response to the query caused by soldier A's coded laser beam in either of the scenarios described above.

After a period of time Tb , the laser transmitter 3 from soldier A will cease to operate, and a radio unit 72 built into the system and provided with an antenna 53 will, as a precaution, send out a pulse sequence, for example Tc = 1 ms, for identification inquiry. The time period Tb can be, for example, between 1 ms and 1 s, but is preferably 100 ms, and Tc can be selected to be approximately equal to or greater than 0.1 ms, preferably approximately 1 ms or greater, for this pulse wave. The radio unit 72 can also comprise a radio transmitter or a radio transceiver. This pulse sequence can be received over a distance of several kilometers under all conceivable circumstances. If there is no response in a radio channel after this second transmission, the system will identify the illuminated target as an enemy object. A total of 200 ms is required for this process. If soldier A wears night vision goggles, he will see through the night vision goggles the continuously emitted laser beam that identifies an illuminated soldier as an enemy.

The sensors 61 , 62 , 63 , ... are preferably designed in the form of round disks, with a relatively high thickness such that they are laser beam sensitive not only on the surface but also on the side, that is to say on the periphery of the disk . This means that the detector 91 ( FIG. 7 ) is also distributed in a corresponding form over the cylindrical surface of the disks ( FIG. 9 ). As mentioned above, the laser beam is chopped so that the detector 91 detects intermittent radiation, which it converts into an alternating current of the same frequency fz with the aid of the resonance circuit formed by the coil 93 and the capacitor 94 . The resulting AC voltage at the input of amplifier 92 is amplified very strongly by the latter. The output signal of the amplifier 92 is fed to the integrator filter 95 , which emits the coded signals to the microprocessor 96 for evaluation. Signals evaluated from this are then supplied by the microprocessor 96 to the control unit 7 . The pulse width of the emitted chopped laser pulses is, for example, between 10 ns and 100 μs and preferably between 0.1 and 10 μs. The width of an information bit pulse preferably corresponds to the width of a number of 3 to 50 chopped laser pulses.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a lever 47 (folded upwards) can also be used instead of one of the control buttons 45 or 46 ( FIG. 2 ) to trigger the laser device.

The upper part of the laser device preferably forms two semi-cylindrical parallel ones Chambers, the gap between these chambers unobstructed view the goal allowed. Since this gap is wide enough, the invention can be used in a further embodiment a luminous dot may be accommodated laterally in this gap, preferably in the end region of the gap where the light beam is emitted, such that the Soldier can see the target and this red dot at the same time. The laser device emits Light preferably at a wavelength in the range of 780 to 1000 nm, for example of 820 nm, for example with an output power in the order of magnitude of 50 mW.

FIG. 8 shows the inner area of a capsule-shaped housing 610 of a sensor 61 , 62 , 63, ... ( FIG. 5 ) and FIG. 9 shows a section through the line IX-IX in FIG. 8 . The housing 610 has a preferably flat upper part 611 and an annular wall 612 . Inside, the housing 610 has four extensions 613 , 614 , 615 and 616 ( FIG. 8 ) with threaded holes for fastening a board 617 , which can be designed as a printed circuit board. On the outside, the housing 610 is provided with a peripheral thickening 618 , which acts like a toroidal magnifying glass or converging lens for the incident laser radiation 619 , 620 , because the housing material is transparent or light-conducting for the laser radiation used. On the circuit board 617 , three fastening elements 621 , 622 , 623 are preferably arranged, which extend relatively far into the inner region of the housing and hold there a printed circuit board 624 , which has a plurality of photosensors 625 , 626 , 627 , 628 and a microprocessor 629 or possibly only wears a discriminator. The fastening elements 621 , 622 , 623 can at the same time serve as electrical connections in order to conduct signals which have already been discriminated against via lines to the control unit 7 ( FIG. 5 ). The battery voltage from the carrying strap 6 ( FIG. 5 ) is preferably supplied via these contacts 621 , 622 , 623 ( FIGS. 8, 9 ).

The photosensors 625 , 626 , ... are arranged in the interior of the housing in such a way that their sensitive sides lie flat against the inner, preferably cylindrical, ring-shaped wall parts, which are located between the extensions 613 , 614 , 615 and 616 , to allow the received through to be able to detect the thickening of the laser radiation. In the center of the printed circuit board 624 there is at least one further photosensor 630 , the sensitive side of which is directed against the cover 611 of the housing and is therefore suitable for the detection of laser beams 631 , 632 which are incident with a greater inclination to the surface of the floor 611 than laser beams 620 and 619 , which propagate almost parallel to this floor area.

In addition to the individual microprocessor 629 or 96 ( FIG. 7 ) or discriminator, the housing 610 preferably also houses an individual preamplifier 92 and an integrator filter 95 in order to obtain an alternating electrical signal as individual means from a received chopped laser radiation and to supply the already discriminated signals to the control unit 7 via lines. For example, the coil 93 and / or the capacitor 94 can be accommodated or integrated in the printed circuit board 624 , which form the resonance circuit as sensor means. The discriminator and / or the microprocessor can be designed to filter out only signals with an expected coding from the received laser radiation.

A sensor according to FIGS. 8 and 9 is consequently designed in the form of round disks with the diameter / thickness ratio resulting from the figure. The incident laser radiation can be reflected in the body of soldier B and can reach the radiation-sensitive side of the photosensor 625 laterally, for example as laser radiation 619 or 620 ( FIG. 9 ), through the peripheral thickening 618 . When using infrared laser radiation that is invisible to the human eye, the housing 610 can be opaque to normal light, for example in color or black.

The system device for illuminating the target thus sends a modulated one Beam of light against the sensors of another soldier's belt device. The modulated Beam of light transmits a message or message in the form of a flexible protocol that is in Depending on the information required, for example between 4 and 400 bits long data packet is encoded, but preferably up to 200 bits. For example, that Friend-enemy detection system only on the transmission of preferably 16 bits each based, while a friend-foe detection system with a simulation option 44 bits might need. Depending on the number of bits to be transmitted, the code is sent within 5 transmitted up to 70 ms. The sensor interprets the code, which is nominally used in zones Identification of the individual soldier (16 bits), to identify the weapon used (4th bits) as well as for the transmission of the exact position (96 bits for all three by a GPS receiver determined coordinates) is divided. The bit code can then be used for generation a highly encrypted code can be used. The encoded signal can consist of information exist for identification: (a) the individual soldier, (b) a daily changing one Codes, (c) the battalion code and (d) the code of synchronization with a mixture from a time-dependent and a special code. The communication system therefore has a very large information bandwidth and is up to a transmission distance of about 11 km usable. The invention described here can preferably be briefly about distances corresponding to the visibility of a single soldier are applied, in general, however, it also serves to establish connections with soldiers who are beyond the specified distance.

The present belt system can also be used as a combat simulation system become. In this case, a soldier using the system will also aim his weapon to a goal, d. H. a second soldier wearing a belt system and releases the laser device by a shot from when the light beam hits the detectors on the belt system of the second soldier, the first soldier receives a hit report as confirmation, that he met.

10 and 11 show an embodiment of a control unit 101 , which is also equipped with a light detector 105 . It includes a keyboard 121 , a display 114 and a battery 115 . With a clamp 122 , this unit can be attached to a breast pocket, belt or other equipment.

The data exchange between the individual components of the belt system takes place via ultrasound signals or via HF radio. For this purpose, one of the components, the control unit 101 , works as a control unit (master). The other components work as controlled units (slaves).

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a control unit, which can also work as a controlled unit, for example of the helmet or arm belt system, without the elements 132, 133 and 134. The block diagram of other controlled units, such as. B. that of a GPS module, may contain other or additional elements.

The controlled unit is controlled by a control circuit or microprocessor 125 which e.g. B. contains a microprocessor, RAM and ROM. The control circuit 125 monitors the signals from the light detector 105 and displays data on an LCD display 114 . The elements of the controlled unit are powered by a battery 115 . A first ultrasonic transducer 126 is provided for data transmission and is e.g. B. a piezoelectric element that can be operated both as a transmitter and as a receiver of ultrasonic waves, preferably at a frequency of 40 kHz. Signals coming from the first ultrasound transducer 126 are processed in an amplifier / demodulator 127 and fed to the control circuit 125 . Signals which are sent out by the controlled unit are led to the transducer 126 via a modulator / driver 128 .

Transmitted and received signals can all be familiar to a specialist Types are encoded, preferably by amplitude, frequency or Pulse modulation.

Each controlled unit also includes a storage unit 130 to store an ID for each harness. The ID is an individual identification code for each belt system. The belt system ID storage unit 130 may be part of the RAM of the control circuit 125 . The ID can also be changed using the keyboard.

In the controlled control unit 101 according to FIG. 10 , the control circuit 125 is additionally connected to a radio transmitter / receiver 132 for communication with the outside world, to a second keyboard 133 for data input and to control the function of the belt system and to a contact detector 134 to detect the distance of the control unit 101 from its carrier; this detector can e.g. B. be equipped with sensors that detect moisture, temperature, pulse, human voices or other parameters that indicate the proximity of the body of its wearer, or contain mechanical detectors that open the mechanical devices used to attach to their wearer Show.

The data exchange between the individual components of the belt system can, for. B. by using data packets such as that shown in FIG. 13 . Each data packet begins with a data header 136 , followed by a data block 137 and an appropriate checksum 138 .

In normal data exchange, standard messages are sent with a data header 136 , which contains the belt system ID of the present belt system. After receiving the message, each component compares this ID with the ID stored in the belt system ID storage unit 130 . If both identification codes match, the subsequent data block 137 is analyzed. The data block 137 contains e.g. B. Information about the state of the detector (s) 105 , messages 114 to be displayed on the LCD display, etc.

Such standard messages can be sent from any component of the belt system. These are received and analyzed by all other components. In addition, the control unit 101 ( 125 ) can also send control messages. One of these control messages is the initialization message.

An initialization message is usually sent out after the user has put on the belt system, entered a belt system identification code to be stored in the belt system ID storage unit 130 ( FIG. 12 ) and actuated an initialization key on the keyboard 133 . The initialization message contains a special initialization code in data header 136 ( Fig. 13 ). When a controlled unit receives a message with this initialization code, it passes through data block 137 , which contains the belt system ID of the control unit. This belt system ID is copied into the belt system ID of the receiving controlled unit. The initialization message is thus used to set the belt system ID of all controlled units within the range of the first ultrasonic transducer 126 ( FIG. 12 ). After putting on a belt system, the soldier must therefore go to a place that is sufficiently far away from other users of the system and press the initialization button on his control unit 101 ( 125 ) ( FIG. 10 ). As a result, all components of his belt system are initialized and synchronized with the ID code.

A second control message sent out by the control unit is the synchronization message. Synchronization messages are sent out at regular time intervals. Each synchronization message contains a special synchronization code in its data header 136 ( FIG. 13 ) as well as the belt system ID of the control unit in its data block. Each controlled unit checks whether at least one synchronization message with the belt system identification code has been received within a given period of time. If not, this unit assumes that it has been removed from its control unit. It then begins to search for any synchronization message and, if such a message is found, retrieves its belt system ID from its data block 137 ( FIG. 13 ) and sets its belt system ID storage unit to this new belt system ID. This enables the replacement of belt system components. If a belt system component is handed over from one soldier to another, the soldier will automatically compare their identification code with that of the belt system components in his immediate vicinity.

Normal standard messages are used for data exchange between the components of the belt system. They include e.g. B. Information about: 1.) the laser light signals received by one of the detectors 105 ( FIG. 10 ), 2.) the state of the batteries of the individual components, 3.) those on the LCD display 114 ( FIG. 11 ) displays to be displayed for each component, in a preferred embodiment each display 114 of each component showing the same information, 4.) location information from a worn GPS unit, 5.) friend-foe detection or simulation status displays from the laser device. However, any other information can also be exchanged.

In one embodiment, control unit 101 ( FIG. 10 ) performs the control function while all other components are controlled. However, it is possible to make any other component the control unit. Likewise, the number of components can be larger or smaller than in the present example.

FIG. 14 shows a complete combat or simulation system as it is used to supervise or guide a large number of soldiers 140 from a command center 141 . The control center 141 is equipped with a second radio transmitter / receiver 142 , which ensures data connections to the radio transmitter / receiver 132 ( FIG. 12 ) of the control units 101 ( 125 ) ( FIG. 10 ) of the belt systems of the soldiers. This connection is used by the control units to transmit status information of each soldier (such as his position, emergency calls, hits determined, etc.). The command center can use this connection to transmit commands such as "retreat" or "attack".

In addition to what has been described above, there may be a plurality of fixed or movable (for example mounted on vehicles) second radio transmitters / receivers 142 which are connected to the control center 141 via radio or cable. Each receiver / transmitter 142 includes one or more second ultrasound transducers 143 , which can be used to communicate with the first ultrasound transducers 126 of the belt systems. Second receiver / transmitter 142 can e.g. B. Detect the presence of soldiers in a given area (e.g. in a room) and determine further information for the command center. They can also be used to transmit data from command center 141 to all soldiers in the given area. The second radio receiver / transmitter 142 can also be connected to automatic door openers, room lighting, video surveillance devices, etc. A connection to the control center 141 need not necessarily exist for such functions.

Such communication options among soldiers are in training as well of outstanding importance even under real combat conditions. In particular is the one-way or two-way communication between two individuals necessary for the operation of friend-enemy detection systems (IFF) and combat simulation systems.

The laser light source according to FIG. 15 consists of a semiconductor laser 230 , optics that collimate the light beam and consist of lenses 231-233 , a holographic grating 234 and an exit window 235 . The mass-produced lenses are selected for their ability to produce a light beam with a divergence of 0.2-0.5 mrad. The holographic grating 234 is rotatably mounted about a hinge 235 . The rotation takes place by means of a button, not shown, attached outside the housing. When this grating is moved to its horizontal position 234a , it does not affect the light beam. In its vertical position, the divergence of the light beam is increased to 10 mrad.

A beam splitter 239a is mounted between the lenses 232 and 233 to direct light emerging from the laser device into the detector 239b . Another plate 239c , which is arranged symmetrically to the beam splitter 239a , compensates for the offset of the light beam caused by the beam splitter 239a . The beam splitter 239a and the detector 239b serve to detect objects in the propagation path of the light beam. This can be dirt on hinge 235 or other obstacles (such as a sheet) in the emerging light beam. Such objects reflect part of the laser light and thereby generate a signal in the detector 239b , whereby the user can be warned. Furthermore, the detector 239b can be used to receive a response signal as described below.

The semiconductor laser 230 ( FIG. 15 ) emits light at a wavelength of 820 nm with constant light output (non-pulsating) or at any other wavelength, preferably in the range between 780 and 1000 nm, and has an output power of, for example, 50 mW. If the laser light source is operated together with the holographic grating 234 , as a result of which the emerging light beam has a divergence of 10 mrad, the range is approximately 2 km, but without a holographic grating 234 it is more than 10 km due to the reduced divergence to 0.2 mrad. The aiming process is facilitated at distances of less than 2 km by the inserted holographic grating 234 . The use of a laser emitting in the near infrared, ie at a wavelength of less than 1000 nm, has various advantages: a) Semiconductor lasers which emit in these wavelength ranges can be operated in a continuously emitting manner. This allows the emitted light to be modulated precisely in a simple manner (pulse code modulation / chopper), which improves the signal-to-noise ratio in the emerging light beam. B) Overlaps with lasers used in range finders (with an emission wavelength of 1500 nm) are avoided. Devices for detecting the emissions of range finders are not triggered in error. However, it must be noted that the invention can also be implemented in embodiments with lasers (or other light sources) which emit at any wavelength.

15 , the semiconductor laser 230 can be aligned by alignment screws 236-238 . An LCD display 240 is attached to the rear wall of the top of the housing. FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of the electronics of a first, preferred embodiment integrated in the laser device 1 ( FIG. 4 ). A control circuit 242 is shown in connection with an LCD display 240 , control elements and sensors 243 (including the lever and the detector 239b ), a radio transmitter / receiver 244, 245 , a modulator / amplifier 241 for a laser diode 230 and a local communication interface 246 . All electronic circuits and devices are powered by batteries 228 . The radio transmitter / receiver 244, 245 can send and receive digital signals and contains the appropriate modulation and demodulation circuits according to the prior art. The frequency or the radio channel of the transmitter and the receiver can be set by the control circuit 242 . In the present embodiment, the transceiver 244, 245 can send and receive data on 32 different channels. The local communication interface 246 ( FIG. 16 ) establishes and maintains the connection with the control unit, the arm harnesses and the helmet harness. For this purpose, the local communication interface 246 is equipped with suitable transmitters and receivers for infrared, ultrasound, induction, cable or radio communication. Similar communication interfaces are found on the individual elements of harnesses and in the control unit.

Each belt system component includes a belt, the ends of which are detachable from one another connected, e.g. with a buckle or Velcro fasteners (for clarity half, not shown in detail). The belt carries one or more detectors, which in their sensitivity to the light emitted by the laser device sensitized are, as well as a control circuit. Each control circuit includes a local communication interface, similar to the local communication interface of the laser device. The user also carries a control unit, which is also equipped with a Light detector and a communication interface is equipped.

In the present embodiment, the user wears separate harnesses on his Arms and helmet, the control unit is attached to his clothing. By this arrangement makes it easy to upgrade and remove the belt system manage if the soldier carries a backpack or other equipment. However, it is also possible to combine the two arm harnesses and the control unit into one piece Summarize belt system. Additional detectors can also be added e.g. by attaching them to the legs; it can also operate with fewer detectors and / or belt system parts are maintained.

In the following discussions is the equipment emitting the laser light beam of the soldier marked with the term "query unit"; the the laser light beam the soldier's receiving equipment is called the "response unit". However, it should be emphasized that in the present embodiment, everyone's equipment Soldiers all parts of both a query and a response unit includes i.e. every soldier can query as well as be queried.

The present system can be used for friend-foe detection, combat simulation or target practice. The basic mode of operation is the same for friend-foe detection and combat simulation. The soldier leading the interrogation unit first selects his potential target by appropriately aligning the laser device. Thereupon he actuates the lever 47 ( FIG. 2 ) by pressing it into its active on position. This process is detected by the control circuit 242 ( FIG. 16 ) of the laser device 1 , which continuously scans the position of the lever, as shown in step 255 of the flowchart in FIG. 17 . As soon as an actuation of the shift lever is detected, the laser diode 230 ( FIG. 15 ) is put into operation and a light beam used for the query is emitted (decision step 256 ( FIG. 17 ) in the flowchart).

1.) einen Frequenzcode mit dem angeforderten Kanal zur Aussendung der Rück-Antwort,

2.) einen Identifikationcode der abfragenden Einheit,

3.) eine den einzelnen Soldaten kennzeichnende Nummer (Option),

4.) weitere Daten (Option: Sicherheits- bzw. Kontrollcode).

The light beam or the interrogation signal used for the interrogation is pulse code modulated and contains a binary coded data packet that includes the following interrogation data:

1.) a frequency code with the requested channel for sending the return response,

2.) an identification code of the querying unit,

3.) a number identifying the individual soldier (option),

4.) Additional data (option: security or control code).

The frequency code specifies the requested channel for sending the return response firm, i.e. the frequency of the radio frequency carrier with which the return response is sent the response unit is expected. To determine a suitable frequency the interrogation unit constantly monitors all available frequencies and keeps a list of the currently free channels. The polling unit selects before sending a polling signal one of these free channels as the channel to be monitored for the response.

The identification code contains an identification of the interrogator, e.g. a unique identification number assigned to the equipment of the respective soldier and securing information that gives the recipient the positive verification of the identity of the interrogator allowed. Further data can e.g. the position of the querying unit, the type the firearm etc.

If the aiming process carried out by a soldier has been sufficiently precise, the light beam used for the query will hit the response unit in which it is detected by one of the detectors (eg 65 in FIG. 5 ).

The response unit constantly monitors the detectors connected to it to detect an interrogating light beam, as shown in step 260 of FIG. 18 . As soon as the response unit receives an interrogation signal, its identification code is checked and, if the identification is positive (ie, if the interrogating unit has been recognized as authorized to query the response unit), a return response is prepared. The requested channel for sending the return response is obtained from the query signal and the carrier frequency of the radio transmitter 244 ( FIG. 16 ) is set accordingly and the corresponding response signal is transmitted via radio, as shown in step 261 ( FIG. 18 ). The response signal contains the following response data: a) the identification code of the response unit, b) information about the sensor (s) hit by the interrogating light beam (option), c) additional data (option).

The identification code is again a verifiable code, which is the responding Unit identified. The information about the sensor (s) that detects the query signal have identified which sensor (s) of the response unit detects the signal has / have. This information is especially useful for combat simulations. Further data can in turn contain information about the position of the response unit or others relevant data that could be useful during the battle or simulation. This can also be information identifying the response unit.

If the response unit detects a query signal, its user is not alerted, with the exception of combat simulations, in which this signal indicates a Treffers can be used. A soldier who is hit is considered killed or wounded accepted. If the response unit has a plurality of detectors, e.g. on the Chest, arms and head of the soldier, the response unit can also hit those Show detectors to get a more accurate picture of the simulated damage.

In the meantime, the query unit monitors the selected channel to determine the response (step 257 ( FIG. 17 )). If the response signal is received within a given period of time after the query signal has been sent, the identity of the answering unit is checked and, if the answering unit has been identified as friendly, proceed to step 258 . The display 240 ( FIG. 15 ) is activated in order to show the queried unit as "friendly". Otherwise, proceed to step 259 ( FIG. 17 ) and the queried unit is displayed as "hostile". In addition to the display 240 or as an alternative to this, the result of the friend-foe detection can be represented by means of one or more LEDs 41 ( FIG. 2 ) or by means of an acoustic signal.

If the interrogation unit receives a friendly response signal, it can send a confirmation signal to the response unit using its laser light beam. This increases the reliability of the system. If the confirmation signal is not received by the response unit, the response signal can be transmitted again. Although the use of such an acknowledgment signal is preferred, it is not necessary for the system to operate correctly, so the steps in this regard are not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 .

Since the amount of data required for query and response is comparatively small, can be a very short duration query and response signal. Preferably the response signal a duration on the order of a few milliseconds. Without special precautions there is, however, a not insignificant probability that there will be response signals overlap multiple hit units.

To avoid the collision of data packets in this case, a response unit replies not immediately on an interrogation signal, but leaves a given delay time lapse before using your radio transmitter. This delay time will determined by a random number generator so that each response signal to another Time is sent. The response unit checks before sending out the response signal the assignment of the requested channel. An occupied channel causes another random one Delay in sending the response signal.

While FIG. 5 shows a soldier carrying a full harness system including an interrogation unit and an answering unit, it should be added that some participants in a battle or simulation even have only one answering unit or one interrogation unit can carry with you. Civilians, for example, could only be equipped with a response unit ( Fig. 10, 11 ).

The laser device of the system shown here can be used for friend-foe detection, Combat simulation and the shooting described above can be used. It can also be used as a targeting aid for aiming a weapon precisely at a target be, the user a night vision aid for the detection of the near-infrared laser illuminated target point.

The laser light beam can also be used for distance measurement and communication be used. For communication purposes, the control unit can e.g. with a keyboard be provided, which allows the entry of one or more messages, where a microphone, a loudspeaker and / or a video display can also be present. When using the present system, especially during a combat simulation a central, permanently installed radio receiver for monitoring all of the Response units emitted signals and the representation of all events and Losses are used to provide a command and control tool for command and control able to give.

In addition to the components already described, each belt system can also be used a headphone to e.g. send out a signal indicating whether a given target turns out to be friendly or hostile following a corresponding query turns out.

When using the friend-foe detection system, one should be in the belt system Mechanism to be provided when removing the system from its original Carrier whose irreversible decommissioning causes. For this purpose, the belt system e.g. be provided with sensors that are in the immediate vicinity of a living of the human body. But mechanical detectors can also be used or so-called 'speech detectors' (detectors reacting by speech display) be provided, the opening of buckles, the attachment of the control unit etc. display. Once these sensors or detectors perceive that Belt system (or parts thereof) have been removed from its original carrier, the functions of the belt system are disabled until a specified access code is exceeded the keyboard of the control unit is entered.

In the embodiments shown so far, the response signal was an electromagnetic signal on radio frequencies. However, other forms of transmission for the response signal can also be selected. In contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 , in a further embodiment a light-designed receiver and light-emitting transmitter can be used instead of the radio transceiver 244, 245 ( FIG. 16 ) for communication between the interrogation and response unit. When a response unit receives the query signal, it sends the response signal via the light-emitting transmitter 245 , for example by means of pulse modulation. The light-emitting transmitters 245 can consist of one or more LEDs or other light-emitting light sources which can be attached anywhere on the response unit, for example on the helmet harness or in any light detector. Receiver 244 , designed for light, preferably includes detector 239b (see FIG. 15 ). When the laser device 1 is aimed at the response unit, the lens 233 forms an imaging optical system which images the response unit onto the detector 239b , so that the signals from the transmitters 245 can be received.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, one or more ultrasound transmitters 245 ( FIG. 16 ) can be used as well as an ultrasound receiver r 244 for communication between the query and response unit. When a response unit receives an interrogation signal, the ultrasonic transmitter 245 is used to transmit the response signal, for example by pulse modulation at a carrier frequency of 40 kHz. The ultrasound transmitter 245 can be attached anywhere in the response unit. The ultrasound receiver 244 preferably has a direction-dependent sensitivity and can, for example, be mounted on the laser device 4 ( FIG. 4 ) instead of the antenna. It receives and demodulates the response unit signal generated by ultrasound transmitter 245 .

In these embodiments, the response signal can also be transmitted on a carrier frequency. This carrier frequency can be the frequency of a periodic modulation of the individual pulses from the light-emitting transmitters 245 . The carrier frequency to be requested may be determined by the interrogation unit receiver 244 before the interrogation signal is sent and then sent to the interrogation unit in the interrogation signal frequency code described in the first embodiment. The receiver 24 4 of the interrogation unit is provided with suitable filters for the selective reception of a response signal at the given carrier frequency. This in turn avoids overlapping competitive communication processes.

The aiming device 301 according to FIG. 19 has an axis 302 which is adjusted, for example, parallel to the firing axis of a weapon. On the one hand, it generates a bundled light beam 303 that propagates along the axis 302 . At the same time, however, the target device can also generate a divergent light cone 304 . This cone has an opening angle of z. B. about 10 mrad and the axis 302 as an axis of symmetry.

The bundled beam 303 creates a light point 306 on a target object 305 , which marks the intersection of the axis 302 with the target plane. If the weapon and the target device 1 ( FIG. 2 ) are correctly adjusted to one another, then the light point 306 essentially corresponds to the bullet point. The light cone 304 forms an illuminated ring 7 around the light point 306 . This allows the observer to align closer targets more easily with the axis 303 , since the spot size of an undeflected light beam is only a few mm after shorter distances.

As can be seen from FIG. 20 , the grating of the present exemplary embodiment is designed in such a way that the phase of the originally plane light wave in the corresponding annular zones increases by 0.73 π, which means that approximately 20% of the light output remains in the undeflected beam. By influencing the electrical field in a corresponding grating, the degree of the sudden phase change can be adjusted, so that the distribution of the light output between the diffracted and undiffracted light beam can be adjusted continuously and without the use of mechanical means.

Another embodiment consists of a holographic grating with variation the optical attenuation instead of the phase of the light field, this using suitable means, e.g. B. liquid crystal cells is to be made.

21 shows a projection of the undiffracted and diffracted light onto a vertical target plane. The light point 306 has a divergence of 0.5 mrad proportional to the size of the projection, which is 10 mrad for the ring 307 generated by diffraction in the holographic grating. The thickness of the ring corresponds approximately to the wall thickness of the light cone 304 and thus the diameter of the light spot 306 . By appropriate design of the holographic phase grating, depending on the application, uniform illumination of an area between the ring 307 and the light point 306 is additionally provided, which also extends outside the ring 307 as required. The position of the center of the circle 307 in the target plane is critical with regard to the vertical incidence of the light beam into the holographic phase grating, but a shift of the grating perpendicular to the optical axis only causes an uneven thickness of the ring 307 .

Since in the laterally swiveled-out positions of the holder of the light source, part of the light output is required to produce the illumination cone 304 ( FIG. 19 ), the total light output emitted by the target device should preferably be higher in these positions than in the middle position of the holder. For this, e.g. For example, a position sensor can be provided on the holder, which increases the power of the light source 301 when its light is sent through one of the deflecting optics.

The target device described is suitable for use of all kinds, but in particular also for combination with other optoelectronic auxiliary systems. So z. B. that of the beam emitted by the light source is modulated in time and with information or. Identification signals are provided, which are then directed and scattered transmitted.

The laser device may emit invisible or visible, preferably colored, light and may include means for inserting one or more holographic gratings 234 ( FIG. 15 ) into the, as desired, using an externally actuated switching system, such as buttons and / or levers To be able to switch the laser beam path on and off, such a grating can increase the divergence of the laser beam and result in an illuminated zone in the form of a ring 307 ( FIG. 19 ) or a triangle or a square or of several points or any other desired figure.

The laser device can otherwise also comprise means to make an invisible one if desired or emit visible laser radiation.

The laser device can also be designed to emit a tightly bundled laser radiation that is only visible through night vision goggles, and to have means for alternately scanning and scanning the laser beam 11 ( FIG. 2 ) as an alarm signal so that a first soldier equipped with night vision goggles, the illuminates a second soldier who can identify him as a friend with this intermittent alarm signal.

The identification system can also include code management in order to Identification of aircraft, tanks, civilians, equipment or people of the red To enable cross etc. and / or vice versa.

The control unit 101 ( FIG. 10 ) can be programmed such that when a special code is entered, the soldiers of a group can only identify soldiers of their own group, or that no identification is possible at all, or that groups can also be combined.

The identification system according to the invention with at least one laser device for identifying at least one target device can also be designed in such a way that the laser device emits coded laser radiation in such a way that the target device has sensor means for detecting this laser radiation and converting it into electrical signals which a discriminator are supplied, as well as transmitter means for sending messages back to receiver means located inside or outside the laser device in accordance with decisions made in the discriminator, and for the laser device to emit invisible or visible, preferably colored, light and comprises means for switching one or more holographic gratings 234 ( FIG. 15 ) on and off in the laser beam path, if desired, with the aid of an externally actuated switching system, for example buttons and / or levers, such a grating increases the divergence of the laser beam and results in an illuminated zone in the form of a ring 307 ( Fig. 19 ) or a triangle or a square or of several points or any other figure, and / or that the laser device comprises means for, if desired, an invisible or emit visible laser radiation.

The laser beam used for identification can preferably be encoded and / or be chopped that the object to be identified is informed in what way and Way or on which channel or in which frequency band sequence a response should be sent. This has the great advantage that the laser path the Spying on the frequencies is impossible because nobody can know on which frequency or which frequency band a response is expected. The laser beam can also be bundled in such a way that the objects of a group can be identified individually. Furthermore, the laser beam can also be used for message communication for speech and video images be used.

• Simulationsgefecht auf Gegenseitigkeit,
• Identifizierung in der Simulation mit zusätzlicher Protokollierung, damit am Ende einer Übung genau festgelegt werden kann, ob Freunde oder nur Feinde mit dem Laser abgeschossen worden sind,
• Ziellaser mit und ohne Nachtsichtbrille,
• Combat-Identifikation, wobei die Protokollierung der Ereignisse ebenfalls gespeichert werden kann, damit Rechtfragen am Schluss einer Intervention abgeklärt werden können,
• Ziellaser mit variabler Leistungseinstellung,
• Positionserfassung von Menschen oder auch Gegenständen in Räumen und auch im Freien, und zwar in Räumen mit Ultraschall und im Freien mit Ultraschall und GPS,
• Ereignis-Reportierung on line mit Funk und den räumlichen Positionsdaten,
• Verwendung des Lasers zur Fernauslösung von Explosionskörpern und Sicherheitsintallationen,
• Schiessen mit dem Laser auf Videobilder mit anschliessender Erfassung der Positionsdaten des Lichtpunktes mit einer LCD-Kamera oder mit einem Positionssensor,
• Schiessen zu Übungszwecken auf eine elektronische Zielscheibe mit on line Auswertung und Protokoll auf einem beliebigen PC,
• Simulieren eines richtigen Schusses mit einem Laser, der eine sehr genaue und fast identische Strahlcharakteristik wie eine Kugel aufweist mit oder ohne Berücksichtigung der parabolischen Flugbahn,
• Trainieren wie man kämpft und kämpfen wie man trainiert.

The invention provides a multifunctional system for a variety of different applications:

• Mutual simulation battle,
• Identification in the simulation with additional logging, so that at the end of an exercise it can be precisely determined whether friends or just enemies were shot down with the laser,
• Target laser with and without night vision goggles,
• Combat identification, whereby the logging of events can also be saved so that legal issues can be clarified at the end of an intervention.
• Target laser with variable power setting,
• Position detection of people or objects in rooms and also outdoors, namely in rooms with ultrasound and outdoors with ultrasound and GPS,
• Event reporting online with radio and the spatial position data,
• Use of the laser for remote triggering of explosives and safety installations,
• Shooting with laser on video images with subsequent acquisition of the position data of the light point with an LCD camera or with a position sensor,
• Shooting for practice purposes on an electronic target with on-line evaluation and protocol on any PC,
• Simulating a correct shot with a laser that has a very precise and almost identical beam characteristic as a ball with or without taking into account the parabolic trajectory,
• Train how to fight and fight how to train.

The same device can be used for both short-range weapons as well as for tanks and planes as well as ballistic weapons are used.

Claims (15)

Identification system with at least one laser device for identifying at least one target device or an object, the laser device being designed to emit a coded laser radiation, and wherein the target device or the object has sensor means for detecting this laser radiation and converting it into electrical signals , which are fed to a discriminator, and comprises transmitter means for sending messages back to receiver means, which are located inside or outside the laser device, in accordance with decisions made in the discriminator,
characterized by
that the laser device and the object or the target device each have a microprocessor and an ultrasound unit and / or a radio unit ( 72, 71 ), such that the laser device does not provide any feedback from the target device within a period of time Ta after the transmission of a bundled coded laser beam receives, sends another laser beam with a different coding, which causes the ultrasound unit and / or the radio unit of the object or the target device to transmit a confirmation that can be received by the ultrasound unit and / or the radio unit of the laser device. Identification system according to claim 1 ,
characterized by
that the laser device is designed to emit invisible or visible, preferably colored, light and comprises means for using one or more holographic gratings ( 234 ) in, as desired, with the aid of a switching system that can be operated from the outside, for example buttons and / or lifting switching the laser beam path on and off, such a grating increasing the divergence of the laser beam and giving an illuminated zone in the form of a ring ( 307 ) or a triangle or a square or of several points or any other figure, and / or that the laser device Means includes, if desired, to emit invisible or visible laser radiation. Identification system according to claim 1 or 2 ,
characterized by
that the laser device is designed or can be switched on in order to emit a tightly bundled laser radiation that is only visible through night vision goggles, and has means for alternately scanning and scanning the laser beam ( 11 ) as an alarm signal so that a first soldier equipped with night vision goggles, who illuminates a second soldier, can identify him as a friend with this intermittent alarm signal. Identification system according to one of claims 1 to 3 ,
characterized by
that the laser device ( 1 ) comprises a laser target illumination part ( 3 ), a housing part ( 4 ) in which, among other things, batteries necessary for operation are accommodated, and a mounting rail ( 5 ) in order to connect these parts ( 3, 4 ) to one another connect, which have parallel, partially cylindrical parts, such that a soldier can aim along a gap serving as a line of sight ( 22 ) between them, and that there is an alarm light point laterally in the gap between the two parts. Identification system according to one of claims 1 to 4 ,
characterized by
that it includes code management to enable identification of aircraft, tanks, civilians, equipment or persons of the Red Cross etc. and / or vice versa. Target device for an identification system according to one of claims 1 to 5 ,
characterized in that the target device ( 6 ) is a portable belt device with a large number of electrical components that exchange data with one another, in particular laser transmitters, light detectors and control and / or control units, that one of said components is a control unit ( 101 ) and further components are controlled units, and that the control unit ( 101 ) has a memory ( 130 ) for storing a belt system identification code and a control circuit ( 125 ) for sending the identification code to the controlled units by means of data signals. Aiming device according to claim 6 ,
characterized in that the controlled units have a storage unit ( 130 ) for storing the identification code from the control unit ( 101 ) and a control circuit for comparing incoming messages with the identification code stored in the storage unit ( 130 ). Aiming device according to claim 6 or 7 ,
characterized in that a control unit ( 101 ) comprises a keyboard ( 121 ), a display ( 114 ), a battery ( 115 ) and optionally a light detector ( 105 ), and that the data exchange between the individual components of the belt system via cables and / or by ultrasonic signals and / or by RF radio signals and / or optionally by light signals. Aiming device according to claim 8 ,
characterized in that means are provided for using the laser light beam for distance measurement and / or for communication, the control unit ( 101 ) being provided with a keyboard ( 121 ) for communication purposes which permits the input of one or more messages. Aiming device according to one of claims 6 to 9 ,
characterized in that the control unit ( 101 ) is programmed such that the soldiers of a group can only identify soldiers of their own group, or that soldiers of at least one predetermined group can only identify soldiers of at least one other predetermined group. Aiming device according to one of claims 6 to 10 ,
characterized in that means are provided to detect the distance of the control unit ( 101 ) from its wearer, which are equipped with sensors which detect parameters such as humidity, temperature, pulse, human voices or other parameters related to the proximity of the body have its carrier closed, or contain mechanical detectors which indicate the opening of the mechanical devices used for fastening to its carrier. Aiming device according to one of claims 6 to 11 ,
characterized in that for use in an identification system with a laser device provided with chopper means ( 11 ), which is configured or can be switched on in order to emit a tightly bundled, coded laser radiation ( 11 ) chopped with a predetermined frequency, the sensor means ( 61,... 67 ) of the target device ( 6 ) comprise means for obtaining an alternating electrical signal from the received chopped laser radiation, which is fed to a preamplifier ( 92 ) which is sent to the discriminator ( 96 ) is connected upstream. Method for operating an identification system according to one of claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that
that the laser beam used for identification is coded and / or chopped in such a way that the object to be identified is informed in which way or on which channel or in which frequency band sequence a response should be sent. A method according to claim 13,
characterized in that to simulate a correct shot, a laser is used which has a spherical beam characteristic. The method of claim 13 or 14,
characterized in that the programming is designed to train how to fight and to fight how to train.

Images