EP0936695A1 - Electronically scanned semiconductor antenna - Google Patents
Electronically scanned semiconductor antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0936695A1 EP0936695A1 EP99102592A EP99102592A EP0936695A1 EP 0936695 A1 EP0936695 A1 EP 0936695A1 EP 99102592 A EP99102592 A EP 99102592A EP 99102592 A EP99102592 A EP 99102592A EP 0936695 A1 EP0936695 A1 EP 0936695A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor substrate
- antenna
- stubs
- array
- diode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
Definitions
- the electromagnetic energy is launched from one end of the array and selectively coupled into the transverse stubs.
- the radiation pattern is set by the dimensions of transverse stubs projecting from the substrate relative to a parallel plate waveguide region and the free space wavelength, I 0 , as it pertains to the element spacing.
- a continuous or discrete pattern of Schottky diodes or PN-junction varactor diodes is fabricated in the semiconductor substrate. The voltage variable capacitance of these simple elements is used to cause a phase shift as the energy propagates between the stub radiators. This phase shift results in the two-dimensional scanning of an antenna beam pattern produced by the antenna.
- a canted transverse phase front provides an H-plane scan mechanism.
- the phase shift can be adjusted in both the transverse and longitudinal axis to affect both the E- and H-plane scanning mechanisms,
- a two-dimensional passive electronic scan is provided by the present antenna 20.
- a line of individual Schottky or varactor diodes 21 across the width of the antenna 20 (transverse axis) independent voltage controlled, localized reactance is encountered by the propagating energy in the transverse plane.
- This single line of diode arrays 21 cause varying localized phase shifts across the arrays 21 at the point of the line feed. The result is the canting of the phase front and therefore scanning of the beam in the H-plane.
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- Antenna apparatus (20) characterized by:a semiconductor substrate (13) having a first surface and a second surface having a plurality of stubs (15) projecting therefrom;a first conductive layer (11) formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate (13),a second conductive layer (12) formed on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate (13) and along sides of the plurality of stubs projecting from the semiconductor substrate (13) so that the stubs (15) are open at their terminus, and wherein the first and second conductive layers (11, 12) form a parallel plate waveguide region (14); anda diode array (21) comprising a plurality of diode elements formed in the semiconductor substrate (13) that are disposed transversely across the semiconductor substrate (13) and longitudinally down the semiconductor substrate (13) between selected ones of the plurality of stubs (15), which diode array (21) provides a voltage variable capacitive reactance in selective regions of the waveguide region (14).
- The antenna apparatus (20) of claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of diode elements of the diode array (21) are coupled to a beam steering computer (25) which controls the voltage applied thereto to control steering of a beam radiated by the antenna (20).
- The antenna apparatus (20) of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diode array (21) comprises an array of Schottky diodes.
- The antenna apparatus (20) of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diode array (21) comprises an array of varactor diodes.
- The antenna apparatus (20) of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the semiconductor substrate (13) is silicon.
- The antenna apparatus (20) of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the semiconductor substrate (13) is gallium arsenide.
- The antenna apparatus (20) of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the semiconductor substrate (13) is indium phosphide.
- The antenna apparatus of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is an electronically scanned antenna (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US23450 | 1987-03-09 | ||
US09/023,450 US6064349A (en) | 1998-02-13 | 1998-02-13 | Electronically scanned semiconductor antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0936695A1 true EP0936695A1 (en) | 1999-08-18 |
EP0936695B1 EP0936695B1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
Family
ID=21815190
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99102592A Expired - Lifetime EP0936695B1 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 1999-02-11 | Electronically scanned semiconductor antenna |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6064349A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0936695B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69902490T2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006068704A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Raytheon Company | Transverse device array radiator electronically scanned antenna |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6700544B2 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2004-03-02 | Theodore R. Anderson | Near-field plasma reader |
USRE43699E1 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2012-10-02 | Theodore R. Anderson | Reconfigurable scanner and RFID system using the scanner |
US6975267B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2005-12-13 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Low profile active electronically scanned antenna (AESA) for Ka-band radar systems |
US6999040B2 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2006-02-14 | Raytheon Company | Transverse device array phase shifter circuit techniques and antennas |
WO2005043180A2 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-12 | University Of Delaware | Wave detection methods and apparatus |
US7079082B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2006-07-18 | University Of Hawaii | Coplanar waveguide continuous transverse stub (CPW-CTS) antenna for wireless communications |
US7061443B2 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-06-13 | Raytheon Company | MMW electronically scanned antenna |
US20060044189A1 (en) * | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-02 | Livingston Stan W | Radome structure |
US8279129B1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-10-02 | Raytheon Company | Transverse device phase shifter |
US8098207B1 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2012-01-17 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Electronically scanned antenna |
KR101182425B1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-09-12 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Slot atenna with stubs |
FR3135572A1 (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-11-17 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | LOW PROFILE ANTENNA WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC SCANNING |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3882431A (en) * | 1973-08-10 | 1975-05-06 | Us Navy | Digital phase shifter |
US4320404A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1982-03-16 | Societe D'etude Du Radant | Microwave phase shifter and its application to electronic scanning |
US4382261A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1983-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Phase shifter and line scanner for phased array applications |
US4575727A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1986-03-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Monolithic millimeter-wave electronic scan antenna using Schottky barrier control and method for making same |
US5469165A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-11-21 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Radar and electronic warfare systems employing continuous transverse stub array antennas |
US5483248A (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1996-01-09 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Continuous transverse stub element devices for flat plate antenna arrays |
US5604505A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-02-18 | Hughes Electronics | Phase tuning technique for a continuous transverse stub antenna array |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5266961A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-11-30 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Continuous transverse stub element devices and methods of making same |
US5583524A (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1996-12-10 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Continuous transverse stub element antenna arrays using voltage-variable dielectric material |
US5652596A (en) * | 1995-09-22 | 1997-07-29 | Hughes Electronics | Scanned antenna system and method |
US5995055A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-11-30 | Raytheon Company | Planar antenna radiating structure having quasi-scan, frequency-independent driving-point impedance |
-
1998
- 1998-02-13 US US09/023,450 patent/US6064349A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-02-11 DE DE69902490T patent/DE69902490T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-11 EP EP99102592A patent/EP0936695B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-12 US US09/416,138 patent/US6157347A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3882431A (en) * | 1973-08-10 | 1975-05-06 | Us Navy | Digital phase shifter |
US4320404A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1982-03-16 | Societe D'etude Du Radant | Microwave phase shifter and its application to electronic scanning |
US4382261A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1983-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Phase shifter and line scanner for phased array applications |
US4575727A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1986-03-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Monolithic millimeter-wave electronic scan antenna using Schottky barrier control and method for making same |
US5483248A (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1996-01-09 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Continuous transverse stub element devices for flat plate antenna arrays |
US5469165A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-11-21 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Radar and electronic warfare systems employing continuous transverse stub array antennas |
US5604505A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-02-18 | Hughes Electronics | Phase tuning technique for a continuous transverse stub antenna array |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006068704A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Raytheon Company | Transverse device array radiator electronically scanned antenna |
US7106265B2 (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2006-09-12 | Raytheon Company | Transverse device array radiator ESA |
JP2008524925A (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2008-07-10 | レイセオン・カンパニー | An electronically scanned antenna for a transverse device array radiator. |
JP4768749B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2011-09-07 | レイセオン カンパニー | An electronically scanned antenna for a transverse device array radiator. |
NO340179B1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2017-03-20 | Raytheon Co | Transverse device group radiates electronic scanning antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0936695B1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
US6157347A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
US6064349A (en) | 2000-05-16 |
DE69902490T2 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
DE69902490D1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
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