EP0921004A3 - Liquid discharge head, recording apparatus, and method for manufacturing liquid discharge heads - Google Patents

Liquid discharge head, recording apparatus, and method for manufacturing liquid discharge heads Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0921004A3
EP0921004A3 EP98123168A EP98123168A EP0921004A3 EP 0921004 A3 EP0921004 A3 EP 0921004A3 EP 98123168 A EP98123168 A EP 98123168A EP 98123168 A EP98123168 A EP 98123168A EP 0921004 A3 EP0921004 A3 EP 0921004A3
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
flow paths
liquid flow
members
liquid discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98123168A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0921004A2 (en
Inventor
Tomoyuki Hiroki
Masahiko Ogawa
Masami Ikeda
Ichiro Saito
Hiroyuki Ishinaga
Yoshiyuki Imanaka
Teruo Ozaki
Masahiko Kubota
Takayuki Yagi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority claimed from JP10346076A external-priority patent/JP2000198199A/en
Publication of EP0921004A2 publication Critical patent/EP0921004A2/en
Publication of EP0921004A3 publication Critical patent/EP0921004A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1623—Manufacturing processes bonding and adhesion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016—Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14032—Structure of the pressure chamber
    • B41J2/14048—Movable member in the chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016—Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14032—Structure of the pressure chamber
    • B41J2/14056—Plural heating elements per ink chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016—Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14072—Electrical connections, e.g. details on electrodes, connecting the chip to the outside...
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14016—Structure of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/14088—Structure of heating means
    • B41J2/14112—Resistive element
    • B41J2/14129—Layer structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1601—Production of bubble jet print heads
    • B41J2/1604—Production of bubble jet print heads of the edge shooter type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1626—Manufacturing processes etching
    • B41J2/1628—Manufacturing processes etching dry etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1626—Manufacturing processes etching
    • B41J2/1629—Manufacturing processes etching wet etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1631—Manufacturing processes photolithography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1632—Manufacturing processes machining
    • B41J2/1634—Manufacturing processes machining laser machining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164—Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • B41J2/1642—Manufacturing processes thin film formation thin film formation by CVD [chemical vapor deposition]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164—Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • B41J2/1645—Manufacturing processes thin film formation thin film formation by spincoating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/164—Manufacturing processes thin film formation
    • B41J2/1646—Manufacturing processes thin film formation thin film formation by sputtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2202/00—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
    • B41J2202/01—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
    • B41J2202/13—Heads having an integrated circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2202/00—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
    • B41J2202/01—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
    • B41J2202/20—Modules

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)

Abstract

A liquid discharge head comprises a pair of substrates (1,3) mutually fixed in lamination, a plurality of liquid flow paths (70) arranged on the bonded faces of the substrates, the leading end of the plural liquid flow paths being communicated with a plurality of discharge ports (3), a plurality of heat generating members (2) arranged on at least one of the substrates corresponding to each of the liquid flow paths and a movable member (6) having in the liquid flow path the free end thereof on the discharge port side, and a region (10) between the heat generating member and the movable member, where liquid exists. In the liquid discharge head, a bubble is created by enabling thermal energy generated by the heat generating members to act upon the liquid, and the bubble is controlled by the movable member to discharge liquid in the liquid flow paths from the discharge ports to the outside. Further, all of the movable members, members becoming side walls of liquid flow paths, members supporting the movable members, and members supporting the walls of liquid flow paths are formed by materials containing silicon and the side walls of liquid flow paths are formed by patterning the material containing silicon formed on the surface of one of the pair of substrates in the liquid discharge head.
EP98123168A 1997-12-05 1998-12-04 Liquid discharge head, recording apparatus, and method for manufacturing liquid discharge heads Withdrawn EP0921004A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP33605797 1997-12-05
JP33605597 1997-12-05
JP33610397 1997-12-05
JP33605797 1997-12-05
JP33610397 1997-12-05
JP33605897 1997-12-05
JP33605597 1997-12-05
JP33605897 1997-12-05
JP62999798 1998-04-16
JP6299798 1998-04-16
JP30451098 1998-10-26
JP30451098 1998-10-26
JP10346076A JP2000198199A (en) 1997-12-05 1998-12-04 Liquid jet head, head cartridge, liquid jet apparatus, and manufacture of liquid jet head
JP34607698 1998-12-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0921004A2 EP0921004A2 (en) 1999-06-09
EP0921004A3 true EP0921004A3 (en) 2000-04-26

Family

ID=27565036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98123168A Withdrawn EP0921004A3 (en) 1997-12-05 1998-12-04 Liquid discharge head, recording apparatus, and method for manufacturing liquid discharge heads

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0921004A3 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60033218T2 (en) 1999-07-02 2007-11-15 Canon K.K. A method of manufacturing a liquid ejection head, liquid ejection head, head cartridge, liquid ejection device, silicon substrate manufacturing method, and silicon plate produced thereby

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4251824A (en) * 1978-11-14 1981-02-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid jet recording method with variable thermal viscosity modulation
EP0178596A2 (en) * 1984-10-15 1986-04-23 AT & T Teletype Corporation Silicon nozzle structures and method of manufacture
JPS62261453A (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-13 Canon Inc Multivalued recording
US4890126A (en) * 1988-01-29 1989-12-26 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Printing head for ink jet printer
US4990939A (en) * 1988-09-01 1991-02-05 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Bubble jet printer head with improved operational speed
EP0500110A1 (en) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-26 Hewlett-Packard Company Process of photo-ablating at least one stepped opening extending through a polymer material, and a nozzle plate having stepped openings
US5172139A (en) * 1989-05-09 1992-12-15 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Liquid jet head for gradation recording
US5278585A (en) * 1992-05-28 1994-01-11 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printhead with ink flow directing valves
EP0674995A2 (en) * 1994-03-29 1995-10-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Substrate for ink jet head, ink jet head, ink jet pen, and ink jet apparatus
EP0737582A2 (en) * 1995-04-14 1996-10-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing liquid ejecting head and liquid ejecting head obtained by the same method
EP0778133A2 (en) * 1995-12-05 1997-06-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid ejecting method, liguid ejecting head and liquid ejecting apparatus

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1127227A (en) 1977-10-03 1982-07-06 Ichiro Endo Liquid jet recording process and apparatus therefor

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4251824A (en) * 1978-11-14 1981-02-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid jet recording method with variable thermal viscosity modulation
EP0178596A2 (en) * 1984-10-15 1986-04-23 AT & T Teletype Corporation Silicon nozzle structures and method of manufacture
JPS62261453A (en) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-13 Canon Inc Multivalued recording
US4890126A (en) * 1988-01-29 1989-12-26 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Printing head for ink jet printer
US4990939A (en) * 1988-09-01 1991-02-05 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Bubble jet printer head with improved operational speed
US5172139A (en) * 1989-05-09 1992-12-15 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Liquid jet head for gradation recording
EP0500110A1 (en) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-26 Hewlett-Packard Company Process of photo-ablating at least one stepped opening extending through a polymer material, and a nozzle plate having stepped openings
US5278585A (en) * 1992-05-28 1994-01-11 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printhead with ink flow directing valves
EP0674995A2 (en) * 1994-03-29 1995-10-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Substrate for ink jet head, ink jet head, ink jet pen, and ink jet apparatus
EP0737582A2 (en) * 1995-04-14 1996-10-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing liquid ejecting head and liquid ejecting head obtained by the same method
EP0778133A2 (en) * 1995-12-05 1997-06-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid ejecting method, liguid ejecting head and liquid ejecting apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 141 (M - 691) 28 April 1988 (1988-04-28) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0921004A2 (en) 1999-06-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6450627B1 (en) Simplified ink jet head
JP3219152B2 (en) Page width zigzag array print head
EP0628413B1 (en) Ink jet head
EP0512799B1 (en) Pagewidth thermal ink jet printhead
Chen et al. A high-resolution silicon monolithic nozzle array for inkjet printing
US5701148A (en) Deaerator for simplified ink jet head
JPH04353458A (en) Ink jet head
JPH03180350A (en) Ink jet head
KR20060115386A (en) Print head with thin membrane
CA2210387A1 (en) Liquid discharge head, recovery method and manufacturing method for liquid discharge head, and liquid discharge apparatus using liquid discharge head
US6582066B1 (en) Droplet deposition apparatus and methods of manufacture thereof
ATE249341T1 (en) INK JET PRINT HEAD AND INK JET RECORDING APPARATUS
EP1138496A3 (en) Liquid discharge recording head, liquid discharge recording apparatus, and method for manufacturing liquid discharge head
US5896147A (en) Liquid jet head and substrate therefor having selected spacing between ejection energy generating elements
JPH1058685A (en) Ink jet print head having channels arranged on surface in silicon
EP0811498A3 (en) Liquid discharging head, liquid discharging apparatus and printing system
JPH0957961A (en) Ink jet type recording head
EP0921004A3 (en) Liquid discharge head, recording apparatus, and method for manufacturing liquid discharge heads
EP0982135B1 (en) Ink jet recording head
JPH01115638A (en) Drop on-demand ink jet recording head
US6024436A (en) Laminated ink jet recording head
US6113214A (en) Ink jet recording head having components made from the same material, recording apparatus using the head, and method for manufacturing such head and ink jet recording apparatus
EP1005995A3 (en) Method for manufacturing liquid discharge head, liquid discharge head, head cartridge, and liquid discharge recording apparatus
JP3221474B2 (en) Inkjet print head
EP0888890A3 (en) An ink jet recording head and a method of manufacture therefor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20000918

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20051118