FIELD OF THE INVENTION
-
This disclosure relates generally to personal cleansing bars with
lathering detergents and/or soaps. The bars have a high liquid content in combination
with lathering additives ad particulate silica to give the bars a desirable consistency.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
-
Personal cleansing with mild surface-active cleansing bar preparations
has become a focus of great interest. The processability and smear properties of such
bars have become a focus of even greater interest.
-
The fabrication of relatively pure "soap" bars is a well-worked-out
engineering procedure involving milling, plodding and molding. Coco/tallow soap
becomes quite plastic when warmed and can be easily plodded and molded under
relatively low pressures. However, bars made with certain mild surfactants are very
difficult to fabricate. The problems of formulating such bars are not limited to the
performance characteristics of the finished bars. Thus, problems associated with mild
synthetic detergent bars include bar processability, firmness, smear and mildness.
-
For example, most synthetic detergents and detergent-filler
combinations do not become plastic and the machinery for fabrication must be
specially designed. See e.g., U.S. Patent No. 2,678,921.
-
Ideal processing should be fast and problem free in terms of milling,
plodding and molding toilet bar formation. Most mild bar processings fall short in
this respect.
-
Major drawbacks of most synthetic surfactant toilet bar formulationsare
harshness, poor lather, poor smear, and poor processsability due to stickiness. It
will be appreciated that processability, firmness, smear, mildness, lather, and
rinsability make surfactant selection for mild personal cleansing bars a delicate
balancing act. Thus, rather stringent requirements for formulating mild personal
cleansing bars limit the choice of surfactants, and final formulations represent some
degree of compromise. Mildness is often obtained at the expense of processability,
effective cleansing, lathering, or rinsing, or vice versa. Processability is often
obtained at the expense of smear.
-
A superior processable mild personal cleansing bar formulation with
good mildness, good smear, good lather potential and good rinsability is difficult to
formulate, but would be highly desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
-
It has now been discovered that particulate silica in certain ratios with
emollients like oils, waxes, petrolatum, esters and/or humectants like polyols, e.g.,
glycerine, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, etc. and/or water in
combination with detergent and/or soap additives can be formulated into cleansing
bars of good hardness and acceptable processing characteristics. A unique feature of
such compositions is that the high levels of the oil or liquid humectant phase provide
functional benefits to skin by providing good foam without defatting the skin and also
allowing the deposit of a residue with active ingredients. Silica gives the bar the
necessary properties for commercial fabrication.
-
A novel finding of these compositions is the effect of particulate silica
having a high surface area on detergents from the groups consisting of sodium acyl
isethionate, sodium alpha olefin sulfonates, disodium alkyl sulfosuccinate, soap base,
tallow and coco sodium salts, and mixtures thereof, which produces a hard
processable cleansing bar. Silica in the presence of these detergents, soaps and blends
thereof,
hardens the bars significantly. The hardening effect desirable for processing is
observed at silica contents of a minimum of 1 part silica to 10 parts of liquid on a w/w
basis, varying according to the particular liquids and waxes employed.
-
Particularly useful embodiments of the present cleansing bar
compositions contain: a liquid phase consisting of either mineral, vegetable oils or
polyols with or without the addition of waxes; amorphous silica; and soap, detergent
or a mixture thereof. The composition is capable of foaming when combined with
water during use. The present compositions provide formulations of a flowable phase
of liquids, or of oils or of oils and waxes and silica which, upon combination with
soap and/or detergents can be processed and stamped into a cleansing bar.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
-
This disclosure relates generally to formulations of cleansing bars
having high liquid and particulate silica content and containing levels of a suitable
hardening agent or agents in combination with soap and/or detergents and additives
that give the bars a desirable consistency. More particularly, this disclosure is
concerned with the discovery that cleansing bars with soap and/or detergents and
high levels of oils or high levels of polyols or water can be formulated properly and.
fabricated using well-established equipment and procedures. In contrast, most
synthetic detergents and detergent-filler combinations that are presently available do
not become plastic and modifications have to be made to the manufacturing
equipment and fatty acids and soap-like ingredients have to be added for suitable
manufacturing.
-
The use of oils, polyols, water and other materials like petrolatum,
paraffin and waxes is well known in the fabrication of bars. However, because of
their foam suppressing and softening properties, the use of oils and waxes is limited to
low levels in cleansing bars. Furthermore, the use of oils, waxes and polyols in
synthetic detergent bars softens the product, making it very difficult to prepare a
suitable commercial bar. A novel finding of the compositions described herein is that
silica when used in certain ratios in the liquid phase, allows the preparation of
cleansing bars that can be processed using established manufacturing methods while
aiding with the foaming characteristics of the bars.
-
The first component of the compositions described herein is a liquid
phase which contains oils, and/or polyols and optionally waxes. The oils can be
mineral oils which are a purified mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from
petroleum. Normally, mineral oils are a mixture of oils of the methane series having
the general formula CnH2n+2. Alternatively, the oils can be of vegetable origin, that is
extracted from the seeds, fruits or leaves of plants and generally considered to be
mixtures of mixed glycerides (e.g., sesame, avocado, olive, cottonseed, etc.).
Mixtures of vegetable and mineral oils can also be used in the oil phase. The oils can
be modified by the addition of paraffinic and microcrystalline waxes. A particularly
useful oil phase is petrolatum. Petrolatum is a combination of mineral oils and wax
which forms a white to faintly yellow unctuous mass of well recognized
pharmaceutical properties. The preferred white petrolatum USP has a density of from
about 0.82 to about 0.865, a melting point of from about 38E to 54EC and a refractive
index of from about 1.460 to 1.474. The polyols can be glycerine, corn syrup,
propylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or other liquid polyfunctional
alcohols. As exemplified hereinafter, in certain embodiments, the liquid phase
contains no added water.
-
In particularly useful embodiments, the liquid phase constitutes from
about 15 to about 45 percent by weight of the final composition. Preferably, the
liquid phase is from about 20 to about 40 weight percent of the final composition.
-
The second component of the present compositions is an effective
amount of silica. Silica gives the liquid phase an appropriate degree of solid
characteristic so that the resulting mixture can be processed with soaps, detergents or
mixtures thereof. Any particulate silica having a surface area greater than about 75
m2/g is suitable. Preferably, the particulate silica is amorphous and has a surface area
of greater than 100 m2/gm. A particularly useful amorphous silica is fumed silica.
Fumed silica is fumed silicon oxide, SiO2, a material which is produced by the
hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride vapor in a flame of hydrogen and oxygen. In the
combustion process, molten spheres of silica are formed with extremely small particle
size and enormous surface area. The resulting fumed silica is a fluffy white powder of
very low bulk density, from 2.5 to 5 lbs./ft3 and a surface area from 10 to 380 m2/gm.
Other silicas having the desired surface area are also suitable; such as, for example
precipitated silicas or silica fume.
-
The particulate silica should be present in the composition in an
amount sufficient to harden the composition. The hardness of the composition is
conveniently ascertained by measuring penetration value as described more fully
hereinafter. The ratio of liquid phase to silica is preferably greater than about 2:1
more preferably in the range of about 4:1 to about 10:1. In particularly useful
embodiments, the effective amount of particulate silica will range from about 3
percent by weight of the final composition to about 20 percent by weight of the final
composition. Preferably, from about 3 to about 15 weight percent silica is present.
-
The third component of the present composition is a cleansing agent,
e.g., a soap, a detergent or a mixture thereof. In a mixture with the other components
described above, a composition is produced that can be processed and stamped into a
cleansing bar and when combined with water exhibits foaming behavior. A
particularly useful soap base suitable for personal care is a blend of tallow and coco
sodium salts (80/20). Representative classes of detergents which have been found to
be useful are the sodium acyl isethionates, the sodium alpha olefin sulfonates and
disodium alkyl sulfosuccinates. However, this disclosure is not limited to these
detergents.
-
The amount of cleansing agent included in the composition will vary
depending on the exact detergent chosen, the identity of other components employed,
and the desired physical and performance characteristics to be achieved. Normally,
however, the amount of cleansing agent in particularly useful embodiments will range
from about 25 to about 85 percent by weight of the final composition. Preferably, the
cleansing agent is present in an amount from about 40 to about 75 percent by weight
of the final composition.
-
The detergent chosen should be mild to the skin and relatively
unaffected by ions which might be present in hard water. An unusual finding in
connection with the compositions of this disclosure is that when adding silica to oils
or oils and waxes (preferably molten), and/or polyols and processing the resulting
composition through a blade blender and a screw mixer, the resulting mass can be
compacted into a solid that has similar hardness characteristics as compacted soaps,
detergents or mixtures thereof. This allows the blend of oils or oils and waxes and/or
polyols and silica to be added to the soap, detergent or mixtures thereof without the
resulting softening characteristics of adding oils by themselves.
-
In addition to the foregoing components, foam boosters may be
incorporated into the present compositions. Suitable foam enhancers include
potassium polymetaphosphate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, sodium lauryl sulfate,
sodium lauryl sarcosinate, acyl glutamate and amides. These materials will enhance
the foam produced when the present compositions are exposed to water during use.
-
The compositions may also contain conventional additives such as
fragrance, color, fillers, preservatives, etc. Additionally, active ingredients may be
incorporated in the present compositions. Such active ingredients include, but are not
limited to deodorants, medicaments such as, for example coal-tar, benzoyl peroxide,
vitamin A and vitamin E, and antibacterial ingredients such as, for example, triclosan,
PVP-iodine, salicylic acid and sunscreens. The amount of active ingredient included
in the present compositions should be an "effective amount" by which it is meant an
amount sufficient to achieve a desired effect. The precise amount that is effective will
depend upon the particular active ingredient and the desired effect to be achieved.
Normally, an effective amount will be from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent,
more preferably from about 0.01 to about 5.0 weight percent.
-
The order of addition of the ingredients of the present compositions is
not critical. The compositions described herein are preferably prepared by first
mixing the ingredients of the liquid phase. Silica is then added to the liquid phase.
Heating and vigorous mixing may be used to aid in providing a homogenous
liquid/silica composition. Next, the cleansing agent is added to and mixed with the
liquid/silica mixture. At this point, the composition can be pelletized, if desired.
Finally, any additives (fragrance, filler, active ingredient, etc.) are added to the
composition. In certain particularly useful embodiments, the composition from which
the cleansing bar is formed contains less than about 10% by weight of added water.
Once prepared, the composition can be formed into a bar using known techniques.
One such technique is described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,812,253, the
disclosure of which is incorporated herein by this reference.
EXAMPLES 1-4
-
Examples 1-4 present formulations of the compacted mass that is
produced when fumed silica and petroleum jelly are mixed and properly processed.
-
The compositions of Examples 1 to 4 show the effect that changing the
ratios of silica to petrolatum has on the consistency of the compacted mass.
Comparative example A has been included to show the consistency of pure
petrolatum. The petroleum jelly employed in the Examples was designated White
Petrolatum USP, G1951, and is commercially available from Witco, Greenwich, CT.
The silica used in the Examples presented herein is a fumed silica sold under the
trademark CAB-O-SIL, available from Cabot Corp., Tuscola, III. The results are
presented in Table I.
Example No. | A | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 100.0 | 83.3 | 79.4 | 74.6 | 66.6 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 16.7 | 20.6 | 25.4 | 33.3 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 260.0 | 80.0 | 48.0 | 28.0 | 15.0 |
-
The consistency of the resulting paste or solid is tested using a
Penetrometer (Universal Penetrometer, ASTM, (Precision 73510), Catalog No.
33541, Macalaster Bicknell Company of Connecticut, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut)
which was equipped with a 300g cone. The amount of penetration of the cone into the
sample was displayed by, and read off, the penetrometer in units of mm x 10. A
lower penetration value indicates a harder mass. The samples were compacted by
adding 20g of mixture to a die punch. The pasty or powdery mixture was then
compressed to form discs 12" wide by 5/8" high. Preferably, the compositions of this
invention have penetration values of less than about 50 mm x 10. The compositions
preferably have a ratio of silica to oil phase greater than about 0.1.
EXAMPLES 5-8
-
Examples 5-8 present formulations of the compacted mass that is
produced when fumed silica and glycerin are mixed and properly processed.
-
The compositions of Examples 5-8 show the effect that changing the
ratios of silica to glycerin has on the consistency of the compacted mass.
Comparative example B has been included to show the consistency of pure glycerin.
The glycerin employed in the Examples was designated glycerin USP, 99.5% and is
commercially available from Ruger Chemical, 83 Cordier Street, Irvington, N.J. The
consistency of the compositions, tested as previously described, are reported in Table
II. The glycerine-based compositions in accordance with this disclosure preferably
have a silica to glycerine ratio greater than about 0.25.
Example No. | B | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Glycerin 99.5 USP | 100.0 | 83.3 | 79.4 | 74.6 | 66.6 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 16.7 | 20.6 | 25.4 | 33.3 |
R=Si/glycerine | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | Liquid | 200+ | 50 | 10 | 10 |
EXAMPLES 9-20
-
Examples 9 to 20 present the hardness of the compacted mass that is
produced when fumed silica, petroleum jelly and soap are mixed and properly
processed. The consistency of the resulting paste or solid is tested as previously
described, that is by using a Penetrometer and measuring the hardness of the resulting
20g disc. Comparative examples C, D and E have been included to show the
consistency of the commercial soap base with petrolatum and no fumed silica. The
results are present in Table III.
Example No. | C | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.67 | 10.0 |
Soap Base | 80.0 | 76.0 | 75.0 | 73.33 | 70.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 80.0 | 35.0 | 28.0 | 25.0 | 15.0 |
|
Example No. | D | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 15.0 |
Soap Base | 70.0 | 64.0 | 62.5 | 60.0 | 55.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 135.0 | 58.0 | 45.0 | 28.0 | 15.0 |
|
Example No. | E | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 13.3 | 20.0 |
Soap Base | 60.0 | 52.0 | 50.0 | 46.7 | 40.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 270.0 | 65.0 | 50.0 | 28.0 | 15.0 |
-
The resulting mixtures required at least 1 part of fumed silica for 10
parts of petroleum jelly for the bars with the lower levels of petroleum jelly (20%) to
have a penetration of approximately 50mm x 10. Higher levels of petroleum jelly
(40%) require 1 part of fumed silica to 4 parts of petroleum jelly to the hardness of the
bars to values of 50mm x 10. It will be pointed out that the hardness of the soap mass
processed without fumed silica and without petroleum jelly is 15mm x 10. This value
is approached by all the blends of petroleum jelly, silica and soap, once the ratio of
fumed silica to petroleum jelly has a value of 0.5, or higher.
EXAMPLES 21-32
-
Examples 21-32 present the hardness of the compacted mass that is
produced when fumed silica, glycerin and soap are mixed and properly processed.
The consistency of the resulting paste or solid is tested as previously described, that is
by using a Penetrometer and measuring the hardness of the resulting 20g disc.
Comparative examples F, G, and H have been included to show the consistency of the
commercial soap base with glycerin and no filmed silica. The results are presented in
Table IV.
-
The resulting mixtures required at least about 1 part of fumed silica for
5 parts of glycerin for the bars with the lower levels of glycerin (20%) to have a
penetration of approximately 50 mm x 10 or less. Higher levels of glycerin (40%)
require at least about 1 part of fumed silica in 3 parts of glycerin for bars with
penetration values lower than 50 mm x 10. The hardness of the soap mass without
silica and without glycerin added is approached by all blends of glycerin, silica, and
soap, once the ratio Si/Glycerine is 0.5 or higher.
EXAMPLES 33-44
-
Examples 33-44 present the penetration values of the compacted mass
that is produced when fumed silica, petroleum jelly and a commercial blend of syndet
and soap are mixed and properly processed. The consistency of the paste or solid is
tested as previously described. Comparative examples I, J and K have been included
to show the consistency of the commercial soap/syndet base with petrolatum and no
fumed silica.
Example No. | I | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.67 | 10.0 |
Soap/Syndet Base | 80.0 | 76.0 | 75.0 | 73.33 | 70.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 90.0 | 35.0 | 30.0 | 23.0 | 15.0 |
|
Example No. | J | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 15.0 |
Soap/Syndet Base | 70.0 | 64.0 | 62.5 | 60.0 | 55.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Volume (mmx10) | 115.0 | 51.0 | 42.0 | 27.0 | 15.0 |
|
Example No. | K | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 13.3 | 20.0 |
Soap/Syndet Base | 60.0 | 52.0 | 50.0 | 46.7 | 40.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 120.0 | 55.0 | 43.0 | 30.0 | 15.0 |
-
The resulting mixtures require at least about 1.5 parts of fumed silica
for 10 parts of petroleum jelly for bars with the lower levels of petroleum jelly (20%)
while the higher levels of petroleum jelly (40%) require at least about 1 part of fumed
silica to 4 parts of petroleum jelly to increase hardness of the syndet/soap bars to
values less than 50mm x 10. It will be pointed out that the hardness of the
syndet/soap mass processed without fumed silica and without petroleum jelly is
15mm x 10. This value is approached by all blends of petroleum jelly, silica and
syndet/soap, once the ratios of fumed silica to petroleum jelly has a value of 0.5 or
higher.
EXAMPLES 45-56
-
Examples 45-56 present the hardness of the compacted mass that is
produced when fumed silica, petroleum jelly and a commercial blend of syndet are
mixed and properly processed. Comparative examples L, M and N have been
included to show the consistency of the commercial syndet base with petroleum and
no fumed silica.
Example No. | L | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.67 | 10.0 |
Syndet Base | 80.0 | 76.0 | 75.0 | 73.33 | 70.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 125.0 | 50.0 | 40.0 | 27.0 | 15.0 |
|
Example No. | M | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 15.0 |
Syndet Base | 70.0 | 64.0 | 62.5 | 60.0 | 55.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 210.0 | 40.0 | 25.0 | 18.0 | 15.0 |
|
Example No. | N | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 |
Petroleum Jelly USP | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
Fumed Silica | 0.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 13.3 | 20.0 |
Syndet Base | 60.0 | 52.0 | 50.0 | 46.7 | 40.0 |
R=Si/PJ | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.5 |
Penetration Value (mmx10) | 250.0 | 80.0 | 55.0 | 30.0 | 15.0 |
-
The consistency of the paste or solid is tested as previously described.
The resulting mixtures require at least about 1 part of fumed silica for 5 parts of
petroleum jelly for bars with the lower levels of petroleum jelly (20%) while the
higher levels of petroleum jelly (40%) require at least about 1 part of fumed silica to
3.5 parts of petroleum jelly to increase hardness of the syndet bars to values of 50mm
x 10. It will be pointed out that the hardness of the syndet mass processed without
fumed silica and petroleum jelly is 15mm x 10. This value is approached by all
blends of petroleum jelly, silica and syndet, once the ratio of fumed silica to
petroleum jelly has a value of 0.5 or higher (that is 1 part of fumed silica to 2 parts of
petroleum jelly).
-
The following are additional specific, non-limiting examples of
compositions in accordance with the present invention.
EXAMPLE 57
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 52.00 | 130.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 50; Si/PJ=0.2; foams well. The sodium cocoyl isethionate
used in this and other Examples is available under the designation Tauranol I-78 from
Finetex, Inc., Elmwood Park, New Jersey.
EXAMPLE 58
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 10.50 | 26.25 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 49.50 | 123.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 40; Si/PJ=0.26; foams well.
EXAMPLE 59
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 13.00 | 32.50 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 47.00 | 117.50 |
Comments: Penetration = 35; Si/PJ=0.325; foams well.
EXAMPLE 60
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.00 | 15.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 64.00 | 160.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 35; Si/PJ=0.2; foams well.
EXAMPLE 61
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 62.00 | 155.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 30; Si/PJ=0.267; foams well.
EXAMPLE 62
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 10.00 | 25.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 60.00 | 150.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 23; Si/PJ=0.33; foams well.
EXAMPLE 63
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 4.00 | 10.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 76.00 | 190.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 25; Si/PJ=0.2; good foam.
EXAMPLE 64
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 5.50 | 13.75 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 74.50 | 186.25 |
Comments: Penetration = 17; Si/PJ=0.275; foams well.
EXAMPLE 65
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed silica | 6.50 | 16.25 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 73.50 | 183.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 15; Si/PJ=0.325; foams well.
EXAMPLE 66
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 4.00 | 10.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 76.00 | 190.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 22.5; Si/Glyc=0.2; good foam.
EXAMPLE 67
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 5.50 | 13.75 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 74.50 | 186.25 |
Comments: Penetration = 8.0; Si/Glyc=0.275; foams well.
EXAMPLE 68
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed silica | 6.50 | 16.25 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 73.50 | 183.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 5; Si/Glyc=0.325; foams well.
EXAMPLE 69
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.00 | 15.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 64.00 | 160.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 48 ; Si/Glyc=0.2; foams well.
EXAMPLE 70
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 62.00 | 155.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 30; Si/G=0.267; foams well.
EXAMPLE 71
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 10.00 | 25.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 60.00 | 150.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 16; Si/G=0.33; foams well.
EXAMPLE 72
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 52.00 | 130.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 38; Si/Glyc.=0.2; foams well. The sodium cocoyl
isethionate used in this and other Examples is available under the designation
Tauranol I-78 from Finetex, Inc., Elmwood Park, New Jersey.
EXAMPLE 73
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 10.50 | 26.25 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 49.50 | 123.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 34; Si/Glyc.=0.26; foams well.
EXAMPLE 74
-
| % | 250g |
Glycerine | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 13.00 | 32.50 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 47.00 | 117.50 |
Comments: Penetration = 8.0; Si/Glyc.=0.325; foams well.
EXAMPLE 75
-
| % | 250g |
Glyc. | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 52.00 | 130.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 45; Si/PJ=0.2; foams well. The disodium lauryl
sulfosuccinate used in this and other Examples is available under the designation
Monamate LA-100 from Mona Industries, Patterson, N.J.
EXAMPLE 76
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 10.50 | 26.25 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 49.50 | 123.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 35; Si/PJ=0.26; foams well.
EXAMPLE 77
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 13.00 | 32.50 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 47.00 | 117.50 |
Comments: Penetration = 25; Si/PJ=0.325; foams well.
EXAMPLE 78
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.00 | 15.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 64.00 | 160.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 30; Si/PJ=0.2; foams well.
EXAMPLE 79
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 62.00 | 155.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 22; Si/PJ=0.27; foams well.
EXAMPLE 80
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 10.00 | 25.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 60.00 | 150.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 15; Si/PJ=0.33; foams well.
EXAMPLE 81
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 4.00 | 10.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 76.00 | 190.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 20; Si/PJ=0.2; foams well.
EXAMPLE 82
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.50 | 16.25 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 73.50 | 183.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 14; Si/PJ=0.325; foams well.
EXAMPLE 83
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 5.50 | 13.75 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 74.50 | 186.25 |
Comments: Penetration =18; Si/PJ=0.275; foams well.
EXAMPLE 84
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 31.00 | 77.50 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate LA-100 | 31.00 | 77.50 |
Comments: Penetration =35; Si/PJ=0.27; foaming characteristics good.
EXAMPLE 85
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 26.00 | 65.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 26.00 | 65.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 52; Si/PJ=0.2; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 86
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 27.25 | 68.10 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 24.75 | 61.90 |
Comments: Penetration = 42; Si/PJ=0.2625; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 87
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed Silica | 13.00 | 32.50 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 23.50 | 58.75 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 23.50 | 58.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 30; Si/PJ=0.325; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 88
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.00 | 15.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 32.00 | 80.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 32.00 | 80.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 42; Si/PJ=0.2; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 89
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed Silica | 10.00 | 25.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 27; Si/PJ=0.33; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 90
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 4.00 | 10.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 38.00 | 95.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 38.00 | 95.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 26; Si/PJ=0.2; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 91
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 5.50 | 13.75 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 37.50 | 93.75 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 37.00 | 92.50 |
Comments: Penetration = 20; Si/PJ=0.275; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 92
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.50 | 13.25 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 37.00 | 92.50 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 36.50 | 91.50 |
Comments: Penetration = 17; Si/PJ=0.375; very good foaming characteristics.
EXAMPLE 93
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 4.00 | 10.00 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 76.00 | 190.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 34; Si/PJ=0.2; foams well. The Sodium C
14-16 Olefin
Sulfonate used in this and other examples is available under the designation Bioterge
AS-90 from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL 60093.
EXAMPLE 94
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 5.50 | 13.75 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 74.50 | 186.25 |
Comments: Penetration = 25; Si/PJ=0.275; foams well.
EXAMPLE 95
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 20.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.50 | 16.25 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 73.50 | 183.75 |
Comments: Penetration =21; Si/PJ=0.325; good foam.
EXAMPLE 96
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed silica | 6.00 | 15.00 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 64.00 | 160.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 47; Si/PJ=0.2; good foam.
EXAMPLE 97
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 62.00 | 155.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 25; Si/PJ=0.267; good foam.
EXAMPLE 98
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed silica | 10.00 | 25.00 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 60.00 | 150.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 22; Si/PJ=0.33; good foam.
EXAMPLE 99
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 52.00 | 130.00 |
Comments: Penetration= 48; Si/PJ=0.2; good foam.
EXAMPLE 100
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed silica | 10.50 | 26.25 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 49.50 | 123.75 |
Comments: Penetration = 32; Si/PJ=0.2625; good foam.
EXAMPLE 101
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 40.00 | 100.00 |
Fumed silica | 13.00 | 32.50 |
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate | 47.00 | 117.50 |
Comments: Penetration =25; Si/PJ=0.325; good foam.
EXAMPLE 102
-
| % | 500g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 150.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 40.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 15.00 | 75.00 |
Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate | 15.00 | 75.00 |
Potassium Polymetaphosphate | .40 | 2.00 |
Corn Starch | 15.80 | 79.00 |
Soap base | 15.80 | 79.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 25; Si/PJ=0.267; good foam. See Table II for
Composition of soap base.
EXAMPLE 103
-
| % | 500g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 150.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 40.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 15.00 | 75.00 |
Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate | 15.00 | 75.00 |
Potassium polymetaphosphate | 0.4 | 2.00 |
Soap base | 31.60 | 158.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 42; Si/PJ=0.267; sticky, soft.
EXAMPLE 104
-
| % | 500g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 150.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 40.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 15.00 | 75.00 |
Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate | 15.00 | 75.00 |
Potassium polymetaphosphate | .40 | 2.00 |
Syndet/Soap base | 31.60 | 158.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 40; Si/PJ=0.267; too tacky, sticky. See Table III for
formulation of syndet/soap base.
EXAMPLE 105
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 15.00 | 37.50 |
Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate | 15.00 | 37.50 |
Potassium polymetaphosphate | .40 | 1.00 |
Confectioners' sugar | 15.80 | 39.50 |
Soap base | 15.80 | 39.50 |
Comments: Penetration = 36; Si/PJ=0.267; See Table II for composition of soap
base.
EXAMPLE 106
-
| % | 250g |
Petroleum Jelly | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 15.00 | 37.50 |
Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate | 32.00 | 80.00 |
Soap base | 15.00 | 37.50 |
Comments: Penetration = 40; Si/PJ=0.267; good foaming characteristics. See
Table II for composition of soap base.
EXAMPLE 107
-
| % | 250g |
Avocado Oil | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 62.00 | 155.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 24; Si/Oil=0.267; foams very well.
EXAMPLE 108
-
| % | 250g |
Sesame Oil | 30.00 | 75.00 |
Fumed silica | 8.00 | 20.00 |
Sodium cocoyl isethionate | 62.00 | 155.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 24; Si/Oil=0.267; foams very well, but tacky.
EXAMPLE 109
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 lbs |
PHASE A |
Glycerine 96% | 25.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.66 | 13.32 |
PHASE B |
Potassium Polymetaphosphate | 0.50 | 1.00 |
Titanium dioxide | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE C |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 Powder | 30.84 | 61.68 |
Fragrance | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE D |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 35.00 | 70.00 |
| 100.00 | 200.00 |
Comments: Penetration = 19; Si/Glyc. = 0.266
EXAMPLE 110
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 lbs |
PHASE A |
Glycerine 96% | 25.00 | 50.00 |
Fin Solv - TN | 10.00 | 20.00 |
Cab-o-Sil M-5 | 6.66 | 13.32 |
PHASE B |
Potassium Polymetaphosphate | 0.50 | 1.00 |
Titanium dioxide USP | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE C |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 Powder | 21.84 | 43.68 |
PHASE D |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 35.00 | 70.00 |
| 100.0 | 200.0 |
Comments: Penetration = 15; Si/Oil + Glyc.=0.19; FIN-SOLV-TN is a C
12-15 Alkyl
Benzoate available from Finetex, Inc., Elmwood Park, NJ. Polyethylene glycol 8000
available from Ruger Chemical Co., Inc., Hillside, N.J.
EXAMPLE 111
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 grams |
PHASE A |
Dipropylene glycol | 25.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.66 | 13.32 |
PHASE B |
Potassium Polymetaphosphate | 0.50 | 1.00 |
Titanium dioxide USP | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE C |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 Powder | 30.84 | 61.68 |
Fragrance | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE D |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 35.00 | 70.00 |
| 100 | 200 |
Comments: Si/Dipropylene glycol = 0.266
penetration = 4.0
EXAMPLE 112
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 grams/lbs |
PHASE A |
Propylene glycol | 25.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 6.66 | 13.32 |
PHASE B |
Potassium Polymetaphosphate | 0.50 | 1.00 |
Titanium dioxide USP | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE C |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 Powder | 30.84 | 61.68 |
PHASE D |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 35.00 | 70.00 |
| 99.0 | 198.0 |
Comments: Penetration = 12
Si/Dipropylene glycol = 0.266
EXAMPLE 113
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 g |
PHASE A |
Butylene glycol | 25.00 | 50.00 |
Cab-o-Sil M-5 | 6.66 | 13.32 |
PHASE B |
Potassium Polymetaphosphate | 0.50 | 1.00 |
Titanium dioxide USP | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE C |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 Powder | 30.84 | 61.68 |
PHASE D |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 35.00 | 70.00 |
| 99.0 | 198.0 |
Comments: Penetration 46; Si/Butylene glycol = 0.266
EXAMPLE 114
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 g |
PHASE A |
Sorbitol 70% | 25.00 | 50.00 |
Fumed Silica | 8.00 | 16.00 |
PHASE B |
Potassium Polymetaphosphate | 0.50 | 1.00 |
Titanium dioxide USP | 1.00 | 2.00 |
PHASE C |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 Powder | 29.50 | 59.00 |
PHASE D |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 35.00 | 70.00 |
| 99.0 | 198.0 |
Comments: Penetration = 1; Si/Sorbitol (70%) = 0.32
EXAMPLE 115
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 grams |
Water | 20 | 40.00 |
Silica | 6.5 | 13.00 |
Sodium Cocoyl | 73.50 | 147.00 |
Isethionate | | 200.00 |
Penetration = 15; foams very well.
EXAMPLE 116
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 grams |
Water | 30.00 | 60.00 |
Silica | 10.00 | 20.0 |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 60.00 | 120.00 |
| 100.00 | 200.00 |
Penetration = 8; foams very well.
EXAMPLE 117
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 grams |
Water | 40.00 | 80.00 |
Silica | 13.00 | 26.00 |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 47.00 | 94.00 |
| 100.00 | 200.00 |
P = 14,
foams very well
EXAMPLE 118
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 grams |
Avocado Oil | 10.00 | 20.00 |
Silica | 3.00 | 6.00 |
Soap Base | 87.00 | 174.00 |
| 100.00 | 200.00 |
p = 21 Si/Avocado oil = 0.3
EXAMPLE 119
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 200 grams |
Petroleum Jelly | 25 | 50.00 |
Silica | 8.5 | 17.00 |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 35.0 | 70.00 |
Oatmeal | 31.5 | 63.0 |
| 100.00 | 200.00 |
p=33 Si/PJ=0.34
EXAMPLE 120
-
INGREDIENTS | % | 2000 g |
Petrolatum | 20.00 | 400.0 |
Fumed Silica | 3.20 | 64 |
Corn Syrup Solids | 23.5 | 470 |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 | 20.00 | 400 |
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate | 30.00 | 600.0 |
Water | 2.0 | 40.0 |
Potassiumpolymeta phosphate | 0.3 | 6.0 |
Titanium Dioxide | 1.0 | 20.0 |
| 100.0 | 2000.00 |
Comments: Si/PJ = 0.16 ; penetration = 30
-
While the above description contains many specific details of
compositions and has in accordance with this invention, these specific details should
not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but merely as
exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. Those skilled in the art will
envision many other possible variations that all within the scope and spirit of he
invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.