EP0899399A2 - Locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

The lock has its solenoid operating vertically. A moving part is pressed into the locking position by a spring (10.5). The thrust end (9) of the solenoid presses two locking elements (4;5,6) into two shaped recesses (8.1,8.2) in the moving part (3) of the lock. The shaped tracks (2.1,2.2) in the thrust end move the locking elements radially and axially. The two locking elements secure the lock in both directions. When the solenoid is activated the thrust end is pulled back and the locking element fall into the release position under gravity.

Description

The invention relates to a mechanically and electrically coded device for Locking and unlocking a movable in a first fixed part stored second part with the help of locking means, by one as electromechanical Transformer trained actuator are separated and from one Actuator assigned, movable by this on an axis A actuator Implementation of the locking and unlocking are so adjustable that the in the first part led locking means in the locked state in at least one Grab the second part and get out of the unlocked state Engage with the second part and its movement relative to the first Allow part, provided that the user codes are predefined to the aforementioned ones Codes fit.

In the utility model DE 88 02 880 U a device for locking a described rotatable or displaceable part, in which an electromagnetic Actuator prevents radial evasive movement of balls when energized and thereby blocked a driver body in such a way that it would otherwise be closed a fixed part relatively movable part connected to the fixed remains. A disadvantage of such a device is that it consists of a large number consists of individual parts, the complicated and expensive manufacturing and assembly processes condition, and that such a device precisely because of the required Large number of components is relatively large.

From DE 40 29 208 A1 is a cylinder lock with mechanical and electronic Coding known. This lock has a locking mechanism also from an electromagnetic actuator, which if there is a match the user code is triggered with a predefined code and acts on locking agents. These are formed by a locking pin that with an annular locking disk assigned to your cylinder core of the lock cooperates. This is placed on the cylinder core and by means of it a penetrating fastening pin rotatably connected. The lock washer has a recess into which one of the free ends of the actuator is energized the intended pin and thus block or release the Cylinder core can cause. Such an embodiment also has one Large number of interacting, complicated to manufacture individual parts and is therefore expensive to manufacture and quite voluminous.

The object of the invention is to provide a locking device, which with high functional reliability and relatively simple function from only consists of few parts, is small in size and manufactured at particularly low cost can be.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a device of the type mentioned in the introduction solved so that the movement of the actuator in one direction Latch means from a first position each on a fixed track with in Relationship to axis A of axial and radial motion components in a second Position adjustable and can be brought into engagement with the respective receptacle and that when the control element moves in the opposite direction, the locking means can be brought back to the first position on the same track.

If the axis A runs vertically when the device is installed, it is expedient every trajectory incorporated into the first fixed part for the locking means inclined at a predetermined angle α to the axis run outside and above. The locking means preferably consist of at least a rolling element that during the unlocking process only under the influence of Gravity automatically on its trajectory in the aforementioned first position can roll if the course of this path in relation to axis A like mentioned is chosen.

In principle, the same could also be achieved if instead of rolling elements Sliders are used, but then the trajectories for the sliders should be relatively steep so that they are secure during the unlocking process can slide downwards and inwards towards axis A. As a rolling body in particular balls, cylinders and roller bodies with smoother and low-friction surface.

The actuating element is expediently a pressure piece with an inclination to the axis A. Roof surfaces formed over which the locking means or rolling elements Movement of the pressure piece on the axis A in one direction, with vertical Position axis A upwards, be pressed into its second position. For Each rolling element is provided with a roof surface that leads to the movement path of the associated rolling body is inclined at a predetermined angle.

A particularly favorable version of the device gives you two Rollers are provided as locking means, which are associated with their Movement path and roof area each diametrically and mirror-symmetrically symmetrical opposite to axis A, since it is achieved in this way that on the Actuator and the moving parts assigned to it do not have any side forces can.

Above all, an actuator that can be controlled electrically via a predetermined code comes as an actuator Magnet into consideration. However, other actuators are also suitable, such as electrically controllable expansion body to be operated with electricity.

The use of electrically controllable and actuatable magnets prove themselves particularly well, however, because these magnets depend on the task at hand can be designed as a lifting magnet or as a pull magnet, which depends on whether in the electrically de-energized state the movably mounted second part of the Locked or unlocked device with the first fixed part should. If both parts are locked in the de-energized state of the magnet, it must energized to unlock the magnet. Then there is a pull magnet required that unlocks the device when energized. The opposite is true itself when the device is in the de-energized state of the actuator or magnet should be unlocked. Then the actuator must be locked after entering the specified codes are energized. A lifting magnet then moves the locking means with the help of the roof-shaped pressure piece in their respective recordings.

The previously mentioned expansion bodies have also proven themselves as actuators because they sometimes even smaller than electromagnetic actuators. Can be used as an expansion body For example, a bi-metal can be used that heats up by energization and is deflected sideways. This deflection can vary depending on the predefined Initiate the task of locking or unlocking the device. in the the other advantage of such a solution is that up to the inverted Execution of an entered signal after its delete command certain delay occurs due to the cooling time of the bi-metal. This can Particularly important for safety-relevant locking mechanisms to have.

For example, the locking mechanism on the electrical side through a self-sufficient energy supply, e.g. through an accumulator or a battery, powered, bending piezo elements can also be used as actuators be. These are in effect and execution related to the execution of the Input signal commands comparable to the mode of action of a bimetal. she However, due to their piezoelectric properties, they only need to be used during the actual movement time of less than a millisecond of energy. Even If the input signal is present for a longer period, there is practically no power needed because these elements then behave like a charged capacitor and only a negligibly low leakage current is required.

Are the devices of large dimensions and relatively rarely used required large forces for locking or unlocking, will act as actuators made of shape memory metals. Here if appropriate, the actor is forced into a form that he takes only when a certain temperature is reached. If this temperature is exceeded or fallen below, the actuator takes another predetermined form on. Moreover, such an actuator can, for example, consist of a spiral or Coil spring exist, which is a large preloaded in the normal temperature range Has length and exerts a force which, for example, is designed as a rolling body Locking means fixed in their receptacles. If this spring z. B. as electrical resistance element formed, which is when an electrical The current is heated to the specified temperature, the is reduced Length of the spring to its predetermined value. Here, the rolling elements released and the device unlocked. Lowering this elevated temperature then the spring returns to its original value exerting length, and the rolling elements are again in the recordings moved and fixed and thus locked the device.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in gesperrtem Zustand bei unbestromtem Aktor, und zwar als Querschnitt durch ein Zylinderschloß im Bereich des Aktors und der Riegelmittel,

Fig. 2

einen Teilschnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie II-II in Fig. 1 bei bestromtem Aktor,

Fig. 3

den gleichen Schnitt wie Fig. 2, jedoch in nicht bestromtem Zustand des Aktors, und

Fig. 4

den entriegelten Zustand einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei nicht bestromtem Aktor in ähnlichem Schnitt wie Fig. 1.

In the accompanying drawing, exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown, which are described below. It shows:

Fig. 1

A device according to the invention in the locked state with the actuator de-energized, namely as a cross section through a cylinder lock in the area of the actuator and the locking means,

Fig. 2

2 shows a partial section according to section line II-II in FIG. 1 with the actuator energized,

Fig. 3

the same section as Fig. 2, but in the de-energized state of the actuator, and

Fig. 4

the unlocked state of a device according to the invention when the actuator is not energized in a similar section as FIG. 1.

The cylinder lock 1 consists of a first fixed part 2 and one guided here, rotatably mounted second part 3, which with a rotating Groove 3.1 is provided, which in the unlocked state of the lock Latch means 4, which here consist of two rolling elements 5 and 6, by partial This rolling element engages in the groove without the locking means Exercise the blocking function (Fig. 2 and 4).

At predetermined areas, the groove 3.1 with recesses to form Provide recordings 8.1, 8.2 for one roll body each. These recordings are introduced at an angle α obliquely to the longitudinal axis A of the actuator 7 in the part 3. The rolling elements 5 and 6 are each based on an associated roof-shaped Sloping surface 9.1, 9.2 of a pressure piece 9, the roof surfaces one Include angle β and run symmetrically to axis A.

In the device shown in FIG. 1, the actuator 7 is a pull magnet. This consists of a current-carrying coil 10.1, which is applied to a coil body 10.2 is which has a hollow receptacle. In this one is in the one of the movable one Part 3 facing away from a ferritic core 10.3 firmly introduced. Within the hollow bobbin an armature 10.4 is axially movable. The armature is de-energized by the core by a spring 10.5 10.3 kept at a distance. Otherwise, the pressure piece 9 is with the anchor 10.4 connected.

When the actuator 7 or the coil 10.1 is energized, the core 10.3 pulls the Anchor 10.4 against the force of the spring 10.5. The two rolling elements 5, 6 can then roll out of the recordings 8.1, 8.2 and attach to the respective one Roof area 9.1, 9.2 of the pressure piece 9 obliquely as shown down and inside on the part 2, the rolling elements also on the side leading motion trajectories 2.1, 2.2 roll until they finally only in Area of the circumferential groove 3.1 of the movable second part 3 are. This is then unlocked from the first part 2 (Fig. 2) and freely around its longitudinal axis for example rotatable with a key.

If the coil 10.1 is switched off again, the force of the spring 10.5 causes that at a given rotational position of part 3, the armature 10.4 with its Push piece 9, the rolling elements 5, 6 in their associated receptacle 8.1, 8.2 can, so that the part 3 is in turn locked with the fixed part 2 (Fig. 3).

In the device shown in FIG. 4, it is in the de-energized state Actuator in the unlocked state. The armature 12 of the actuator or magnet is included a tappet 13 connected on which the pressure piece already described 9 is attached to the armature end facing the movable part 3. The plunger 13 penetrates the core 11 in an axially movable manner. The force of the compression spring 10.5 causes the armature 12 at a distance from the core 11 in the de-energized state is held.

When the coil 10.1 is energized, the armature 12 is pulled against the core 11, the plunger 13 lifts the pressure piece 9 and this in previously described Way the rolling body 5, 6 with an axially and radially directed movement component moved on the trajectories in the first part 2. If in this state, the recordings 8.1, 8.2 do not overlap with one the rolling element are located and they only engage in the circumferential groove 3.1, is the second part 3 still rotatable, with a mechanically suitable coded Key until the recordings 8.1, 8.2 finally face the rolling elements and the rolling elements that are still under the force of the actuator in their respective recording can be pushed. Then the one shown in Fig. 3 Condition reached and the device locked.

The solution according to the invention is versatile and not only for cylinder locks applicable. For example, in a so-called box lock Locking bolt with the locking mechanism described approximately in one Lock housing can be releasably locked. Among other things, that is also conceivable Application of the device when it comes to locking for coupling purposes, for example in connection with torque transmissions.

Claims (8)

Mechanically and electrically coded device for locking and Unlocking of a movable part in a first fixed part (2) second part (3) with the help of locking means (4-6) by one as electromechanical Converter trained actuator (7) are separated and from one Actuator (7) associated with this, movable on an axis A actuator (9) are adjustable for performing the locking and unlocking, that in the first part (2) led locking means (4-6) in the locked state in grab at least one receptacle (8.1, 8.2) of the second part (3) and in the Unlocked state are out of engagement with the second part (3) and its Allow movement relative to the first part (2), provided that the user codes for the match the aforementioned predefined codes, characterized in that when the control element (9) moves in one direction, the locking means (4-6) a first position on a fixed track in relation to the Axis A axial and radial movement component in a second position are adjustable and can be brought into engagement with the respective receptacle (8.1, 8.2) and that when moving the control element (9) in the opposite direction Latch means (4-6) can be brought back to the first position on the same track. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis A in the installed position of the device runs vertically and that each in the first part (2) incorporated path for the locking means (4-6) at an angle α to the axis A is inclined outwards and upwards. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the locking means (4-6) consist of at least one rolling element (5, 6) which during the unlocking process under the influence of gravity rolls its path into the aforementioned first position. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the control element (9) as a pressure piece with roof surfaces inclined to axis A. (9.1, 9.2) is formed, via which the locking means (4-6) when the Thrust piece on the axis A in one direction in its second position are pushable. Device according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that for each rolling element (5, 6) a roof surface (9.1, 9.2) is provided, which for Path of movement of the associated rolling body is inclined. Device according to claims 3 to 5, characterized in that two rolling elements (5, 6) are provided as locking means, which are associated with their Movement path and roof area each diametrically and mirror-inverted opposite each other symmetrically to axis A. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the actuator (7) is an electrically controllable magnet. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the actuator (7) is an electrically controllable expansion body.

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