EP0883103A1 - Direct view liquid crystal display with automatic colour adjustment - Google Patents

Direct view liquid crystal display with automatic colour adjustment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0883103A1
EP0883103A1 EP97401259A EP97401259A EP0883103A1 EP 0883103 A1 EP0883103 A1 EP 0883103A1 EP 97401259 A EP97401259 A EP 97401259A EP 97401259 A EP97401259 A EP 97401259A EP 0883103 A1 EP0883103 A1 EP 0883103A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intensity
light source
color
controlling
display according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97401259A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0883103B1 (en
Inventor
Yoshiharu Chikazawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technicolor SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Multimedia SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Multimedia SA filed Critical Thomson Multimedia SA
Priority to EP97401259A priority Critical patent/EP0883103B1/en
Priority to DE69740083T priority patent/DE69740083D1/en
Priority to JP15634398A priority patent/JPH1165537A/en
Publication of EP0883103A1 publication Critical patent/EP0883103A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0883103B1 publication Critical patent/EP0883103B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3607—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals for displaying colours or for displaying grey scales with a specific pixel layout, e.g. using sub-pixels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0285—Improving the quality of display appearance using tables for spatial correction of display data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0606—Manual adjustment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0626—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0666—Adjustment of display parameters for control of colour parameters, e.g. colour temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0673—Adjustment of display parameters for control of gamma adjustment, e.g. selecting another gamma curve
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/14—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors
    • G09G2360/144—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light being ambient light

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a direct view liquid crystal display for colored images.
  • LCD Liquid crystal displays
  • TV Television
  • computer displays more particularly for portable computers called “lap top computers” and view-finders for video-cameras.
  • the most common displays of this type are direct view LCDs. These devices comprise generally a light source behind a LCD panel. This source is arranged to provide a uniform, or quasi-uniform, illumination of the back face of the panel, i.e. of the face which is opposite to the face which is viewed by the user.
  • a control element is usually provided for the manual adjustment of the intensity of the light source.
  • the invention is based on the observation that the colors of the displayed images vary with the intensity of the back source and/or with the intensity of the ambient light.
  • the color control circuit of the LCD comprises means for varying the color signals in view of the intensity of the back source and/or of the ambient light.
  • the color control circuit is preferably provided with a control input receiving a signal represents the intensity of the back source or the intensity of the ambient light.
  • the intensity or luminance of the back source is manually or automatically controlled and the control circuit of this intensity has an output connected to the control input of the color control circuit.
  • control input of the color control circuit receives a signal provided by an ambient light detector.
  • the colors may be controlled directly or through the ⁇ correction circuit.
  • CRT cathode ray tubes
  • the broadcasted ⁇ correction is such that CRTs provide a linear response. However the response differs from one tube to the other ; therefore each tube has further ⁇ correction means.
  • LCDs provide naturally a linear curve ; so they are equipped with circuits which compensate the broadcasted ⁇ correction.
  • the color control circuit is arranged in such a way that it comprises three ⁇ inputs, one for each color (red R, green G, blue B) and an interface circuit is provided with an input receiving a signal representing the intensity of the back source or of the ambient light and this interface circuit has three outputs providing ⁇ control signals for R, G and B.
  • the interface is for instance a ROM (read only memory) containing a table providing, for each value of the intensity of light, the ⁇ curves for each of the three colors.
  • ROM read only memory
  • Fig. 1 represents a conventionnal direct view LCD.
  • This display comprises a liquid crystal panel 10 having a front face 12 and a rear, or back, face 14.
  • This back face is uniformly illuminated by light provided by the combination of : a light source 16 (for instance in the shape of an elongated lamp having several branches), a diffuser 18 between the source 16 and back face 14, and a reflector 20 at the back of the source 16.
  • a light source 16 for instance in the shape of an elongated lamp having several branches
  • a diffuser 18 between the source 16 and back face 14
  • a reflector 20 at the back of the source 16.
  • the intensity of the light source 16 is controlled by an intensity control circuit, or luminance control circuit, 22 receiving power from a power supply 24 and comprising a manually operated control element 26.
  • This element 26 determines the intensity of the light source 16.
  • the intensity control circuit 22 has an output 28 connected to the input 30 of an interface circuit 32 comprising three outputs 32 1 , 32 2 and 32 3 which are connected, respectively, to the inputs 34 1 , 34 2 and 34 3 of a circuit 34 for controlling the colors and for ⁇ correction of panel 34.
  • the input 34 1 receives a signal controlling ⁇ R , i.e. ⁇ for the red (R) color.
  • the input 34 2 and 34 3 receive, respectively, signals controlling ⁇ G and ⁇ B , i.e. ⁇ for green (G) and blue (B).
  • the circuit 34 provides the color signals R, G and B to the panel 10.
  • the circuit 34 has an input 36 receiving the video signal.
  • This circuit is for instance the RGB decoder/driver sold under the reference CX A 1785 AR by Sony.
  • the manual adjustment is replaced by an automatic adjustment provided by a sensor 40 connected to a control input 22 1 of the intensity control circuit 22.
  • This sensor 40 detects the intensity of the ambient light.
  • the sensor 40 controls also the intensity of the light generated by the light source 16 ; however the colors of the LCD panel 12 are not controlled by the circuit 22 but by an interface circuit 42 which is similar to interface circuit 32 of figure 2 and figure 3.
  • Interface circuit 42 has, like circuit 32, an input 42 1 (which, here, receives a signal from sensor 40) and three outputs 42 2 , 42 3 , 42 4 connected to the respective inputs 34 1 , 34 2 and 34 3 of color control circuit 34 which control ⁇ R , ⁇ G and ⁇ B , respectively.
  • the signal from the luminance controller 22 or from the sensor 40 is provided to the control input of a color control circuit similar to circuit 34 of figures 2 and 3.
  • a color control circuit similar to circuit 34 of figures 2 and 3.
  • Such color control circuit has usually a manual adjustment.
  • the signal from the luminance controller or from the sensor is provided to the input which, in coventionnal circuits, receives the signal generated by manual adjustment.
  • Interface circuits 32 and 42 comprise a memory of the ROM type in which data are stored as tables corresponding to curves.
  • the signal at the input 30, or 42 1 is, inside circuit 32 or 42, divided into a given number of value ranges. To each range corresponds a set of three curves ⁇ R , ⁇ G and ⁇ B .
  • a curve ⁇ R (or ⁇ G or ⁇ B ) is a table providing the blue of the red signal for each quantized value of the R (or G or B) signal provided at the input 36 of color control circuit 34.
  • the color control circuit 34 will provide, through interface circuit 32 or 42, nominal values of ⁇ R, ⁇ G and ⁇ B for which the colors on screen 12 will appear the most actual or the most realistic for the viewer.
  • the tables in the circuit 32 or 42 provide a correction which maintains the colors when the intensity of ambient light or the intensity of the back source is changing.
  • the intensity is decreasing the ratio of the red component of the light increases with respect to the ratios of G and B components.
  • the correction must be such that the nominal ratios be maintained. This is obtained by a decrease of the R component or by an increase of G and B components.
  • the ratio of the blue (B) component is increasing with respect to the ratios of R and G components. Therefore it is necessary to reduce the B component with respect to the other components, more particularly with respect to the red (R) component.
  • an interface circuit comprises a memory of the RAM type in which is stored a set of three gamma curves ⁇ R , ⁇ G and ⁇ B corresponding to the present intensity of the ambient light or of the light source 16. These curves are provided by a central memory (ROM or hard disk for instance) of a computer in which are stored all ⁇ R, ⁇ G and ⁇ B curves corresponding to various intensities.

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct view liquid crystal display for colored images, comprising : a LCD panel (10), a light source (16) providing approximately uniform illumination of the rear face of the panel, and color circuit means (34) for controlling the colors of the panel.
The display comprises means (32) for controlling the color control means (34) with a signal representing the intensity of the light source and/or the intensity of the ambient light. This signal controls for instance the γ correction for each color.

Description

The invention relates to a direct view liquid crystal display for colored images.
Liquid crystal displays (LCD) are widely used for various applications, such as Television (TV) receivers, computer displays, more particularly for portable computers called "lap top computers" and view-finders for video-cameras.
The most common displays of this type are direct view LCDs. These devices comprise generally a light source behind a LCD panel. This source is arranged to provide a uniform, or quasi-uniform, illumination of the back face of the panel, i.e. of the face which is opposite to the face which is viewed by the user.
A control element is usually provided for the manual adjustment of the intensity of the light source.
In fact it is necessary to modify this intensity when the intensity of the ambient light dies in order to obtain a good contrast of the image. The intensity of this light source must be increased (decreased) when the ambient lift intensity increases (decreases).
The invention is based on the observation that the colors of the displayed images vary with the intensity of the back source and/or with the intensity of the ambient light.
According to the invention the color control circuit of the LCD comprises means for varying the color signals in view of the intensity of the back source and/or of the ambient light.
The color control circuit is preferably provided with a control input receiving a signal represents the intensity of the back source or the intensity of the ambient light.
It will be appreciated that, with the invention, it is possible to automatically obtain always the same colors for a given image.
In an embodiment of the invention the intensity or luminance of the back source is manually or automatically controlled and the control circuit of this intensity has an output connected to the control input of the color control circuit.
In an other embodiment the control input of the color control circuit receives a signal provided by an ambient light detector.
The colors may be controlled directly or through the γ correction circuit.
It is recalled here that television signals are usually transmitted with a γ correction.
This correction takes into account the non-linear features of cathode ray tubes (CRT) : CRTs provide luminance signals which vary non-linearly with the input signals. The broadcasted γ correction is such that CRTs provide a linear response. However the response differs from one tube to the other ; therefore each tube has further γ correction means. However LCDs provide naturally a linear curve ; so they are equipped with circuits which compensate the broadcasted γ correction.
The color control circuit is arranged in such a way that it comprises three γ inputs, one for each color (red R, green G, blue B) and an interface circuit is provided with an input receiving a signal representing the intensity of the back source or of the ambient light and this interface circuit has three outputs providing γ control signals for R, G and B.
The interface is for instance a ROM (read only memory) containing a table providing, for each value of the intensity of light, the γ curves for each of the three colors.
As a display for computers is generally not intended to receive TV signals, such a display will not be equipped with a γ correction circuit. In that case the colors will be directly controlled by the intensity of light.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear with the description of some of its embodiments, this description being made with the following drawings, in which :
  • fig. 1 is a schematic drawing of a direct view color LCD,
  • fig. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the invention,
  • fig. 3 is a block diagram of a second embodiment, and
  • fig. 4 is a block diagram of a third embodiment.
Fig. 1 represents a conventionnal direct view LCD. This display comprises a liquid crystal panel 10 having a front face 12 and a rear, or back, face 14. This back face is uniformly illuminated by light provided by the combination of : a light source 16 (for instance in the shape of an elongated lamp having several branches), a diffuser 18 between the source 16 and back face 14, and a reflector 20 at the back of the source 16.
According to the embodiment of the invention shown on figure 2 the intensity of the light source 16 is controlled by an intensity control circuit, or luminance control circuit, 22 receiving power from a power supply 24 and comprising a manually operated control element 26. This element 26 determines the intensity of the light source 16.
The intensity control circuit 22 has an output 28 connected to the input 30 of an interface circuit 32 comprising three outputs 321, 322 and 323 which are connected, respectively, to the inputs 341, 342 and 343 of a circuit 34 for controlling the colors and for γ correction of panel 34.
The input 341 receives a signal controlling γR, i.e. γ for the red (R) color.
The input 342 and 343 receive, respectively, signals controlling γG and γB, i.e. γ for green (G) and blue (B).
The circuit 34 provides the color signals R, G and B to the panel 10. The circuit 34 has an input 36 receiving the video signal.
This circuit is for instance the RGB decoder/driver sold under the reference CX A 1785 AR by Sony.
In the embodiment represented on figure 3 the manual adjustment is replaced by an automatic adjustment provided by a sensor 40 connected to a control input 221 of the intensity control circuit 22. This sensor 40 detects the intensity of the ambient light.
In the embodiment shown on figure 4 the sensor 40 controls also the intensity of the light generated by the light source 16 ; however the colors of the LCD panel 12 are not controlled by the circuit 22 but by an interface circuit 42 which is similar to interface circuit 32 of figure 2 and figure 3.
Interface circuit 42 has, like circuit 32, an input 421 (which, here, receives a signal from sensor 40) and three outputs 422, 423, 424 connected to the respective inputs 341, 342 and 343 of color control circuit 34 which control γR, γG and γB, respectively.
In a further embodiment (not shown), which relates to a display intended for a computer, and not for TV, the signal from the luminance controller 22 or from the sensor 40 is provided to the control input of a color control circuit similar to circuit 34 of figures 2 and 3. Such color control circuit has usually a manual adjustment. In that case the signal from the luminance controller or from the sensor is provided to the input which, in coventionnal circuits, receives the signal generated by manual adjustment.
Interface circuits 32 and 42 comprise a memory of the ROM type in which data are stored as tables corresponding to curves.
More precisely the signal at the input 30, or 421, is, inside circuit 32 or 42, divided into a given number of value ranges. To each range corresponds a set of three curves γR, γG and γB.
A curve γR (or γG or γB) is a table providing the blue of the red signal for each quantized value of the R (or G or B) signal provided at the input 36 of color control circuit 34.
If the sensor 40 or the circuit 22 provides a nominal or average value, the color control circuit 34 will provide, through interface circuit 32 or 42, nominal values of γR, γG and γB for which the colors on screen 12 will appear the most actual or the most realistic for the viewer.
The tables in the circuit 32 or 42 provide a correction which maintains the colors when the intensity of ambient light or the intensity of the back source is changing.
More precisely if the intensity is decreasing the ratio of the red component of the light increases with respect to the ratios of G and B components. In that case the correction must be such that the nominal ratios be maintained. This is obtained by a decrease of the R component or by an increase of G and B components.
If the intensity of the light is increasing with respect to the nominal value, the ratio of the blue (B) component is increasing with respect to the ratios of R and G components. Therefore it is necessary to reduce the B component with respect to the other components, more particularly with respect to the red (R) component.
All the embodiments of the invention which have been described provide very simple means for controlling the colors of a liquid crystal display which do not entail a significant increase of power consumption. The quality of the image is preserved when environment conditions are changing.
In a further embodiment (not represented) an interface circuit comprises a memory of the RAM type in which is stored a set of three gamma curves γR, γG and γB corresponding to the present intensity of the ambient light or of the light source 16. These curves are provided by a central memory (ROM or hard disk for instance) of a computer in which are stored all γR, γG and γB curves corresponding to various intensities.

Claims (8)

  1. Direct view liquid crystal display for colored images, comprising a LCD panel (10), a light source (16, 20, 18) providing approximately uniform illumination of the rear face (14) of the panel, and color circuit means (34) for controlling the colors of the panel, characterized in that it comprises means (32, 42) for controlling the color control means (34) with a signal representing the intensity of the light source and/or the intensity of the ambient light.
  2. A display according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means (22, 26) for controlling the intensity of the light source (16) and in that the signal representing the light source intensity is generated by said means (22, 26) for controlling the intensity of the light source.
  3. A display according to claim 2, characterized in that the light source intensity control means comprise a manually adjustable element (26) for controlling said intensity.
  4. A display according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a detector (40) generating a signal representing the intensity of the ambient light which is delivered to a control input (221) of the light source intensity control means (22)
  5. A display according to any of the previous claims characterized in that the color circuit means (34) comprise a γ correction circuit and in that said means controlling this color circuit means provide a γ correction for each color, this γ correction for each color depending on the value of the signal representing the intensity of the light source and/or the intensity of the ambient light.
  6. A display according to claim 5, characterized in that the means (32, 42) controlling the color circuit comprise a memory in which are stored tables representing the γ correction curves for each color at various values of the signal representing the intensity of the light source and/or the intensity of the ambient light.
  7. A display according to claim 6, characterized in that said memory is a read only memory.
  8. A display according to claim 6 wherein said memory comprises a RAM memory storing the three correction curves for the present intensity of the ambient light or of the light source, these curves being provided by a central memory of a computer in which are stored all γR, γG and γB curves corresponding to various intensities.
EP97401259A 1997-06-05 1997-06-05 Direct view liquid crystal display with automatic colour adjustment Expired - Lifetime EP0883103B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97401259A EP0883103B1 (en) 1997-06-05 1997-06-05 Direct view liquid crystal display with automatic colour adjustment
DE69740083T DE69740083D1 (en) 1997-06-05 1997-06-05 Liquid crystal display for direct viewing with automatic color adjustment
JP15634398A JPH1165537A (en) 1997-06-05 1998-06-04 Direct view liquid crtystal display for color image

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97401259A EP0883103B1 (en) 1997-06-05 1997-06-05 Direct view liquid crystal display with automatic colour adjustment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0883103A1 true EP0883103A1 (en) 1998-12-09
EP0883103B1 EP0883103B1 (en) 2010-12-22

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JP (1) JPH1165537A (en)
DE (1) DE69740083D1 (en)

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