EP0805507A1 - Receive and/or transmit device for radio messages with an inductive and capacitive antenna - Google Patents

Receive and/or transmit device for radio messages with an inductive and capacitive antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0805507A1
EP0805507A1 EP97106490A EP97106490A EP0805507A1 EP 0805507 A1 EP0805507 A1 EP 0805507A1 EP 97106490 A EP97106490 A EP 97106490A EP 97106490 A EP97106490 A EP 97106490A EP 0805507 A1 EP0805507 A1 EP 0805507A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
plates
coil
housing
electromagnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97106490A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0805507B1 (en
Inventor
Teodoridis Viron
Felix Gassmann
Francesco Spina
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA
Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG
Original Assignee
ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA
Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG
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Publication of EP0805507A1 publication Critical patent/EP0805507A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0805507B1 publication Critical patent/EP0805507B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for receiving and / or transmitting portable radio broadcast messages which comprises an antenna capable of picking up an electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages.
  • Portable devices of this type are already known, devices which are sometimes in the form of a timepiece such as a wristwatch.
  • An embodiment of such an arrangement is described in European patent No. 0 312 792.
  • This document describes a wristwatch comprising an antenna and a microreceptor arranged in a housing.
  • the antenna comprises a first conductive element in the form of a loop located in the upper part of the housing, a second conductive element connected to the ground of the microreceptor and arranged in the lower part of the housing.
  • An adaptation and tuning circuit connects these two conductive elements to the inputs of the microreceptor.
  • the first element of the antenna forms, on the one hand, with the second conducting element a capacitive doublet sensitive to an electrical component of the electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages.
  • the first element makes it possible to form a loop sensitive to a magnetic component of the electromagnetic field.
  • the antenna has a mixed electrical and magnetic appearance because it is sensitive to both electrical and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field.
  • the two conductive elements are arranged in planes parallel to the dial of the housing. Consequently, the loop formed by the first element captures the radial magnetic component of the electromagnetic field relative to the wrist of the user and the capacitive doublet formed. by the two conductive elements captures the radial electrical component of the electromagnetic field relative to the wrist of the user.
  • this portable reception device has a significant variation depending on the frequency of the electromagnetic field which is picked up.
  • the object of the present invention is a device for receiving portable radio broadcast messages which at least partially remedies these drawbacks.
  • Another object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio broadcast messages in which the gain / bandwidth product of the antenna is optimized.
  • Another object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio-broadcast messages which allows regular behavior as a function of the frequency of the electromagnetic field picked up.
  • the object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio-broadcast messages which comprises a single antenna and the construction of which is simple and compact.
  • the invention thus relates to a device for receiving and / or transmitting portable radio broadcast messages intended to be worn on a part of the body having the shape of a cylinder such as the arm or the trunk of this body.
  • the device comprises a housing, an antenna capable of picking up both a magnetic component and an electrical component of an electromagnetic field carrying broadcast radio messages, and a microreceptor receiving the messages picked up by the antenna.
  • the antenna comprises two conductive plates arranged so as to pick up the radial electrical component of the electromagnetic field with respect to the body.
  • the antenna is formed by a coil comprising a coil arranged in the housing to pick up the azimuthal magnetic component of the electromagnetic field around said part of the body.
  • the plates are part of the coil.
  • the present invention makes it possible to produce a portable radio message reception device, the antenna of which picks up the radial electrical and azimuthal magnetic components of an electromagnetic field, which, on the one hand, increases the efficiency of the antenna and , on the other hand, makes the antenna less sensitive to variations in frequency of the electromagnetic field received.
  • a capacitive antenna is in the form of two electrodes separated by a dielectric and an inductive antenna in the form of a coil.
  • dielectric is meant here an insulating material separating the two electrodes, this material also being able to be air.
  • the polarization of the electrical component picked up from the incident field is perpendicular to the electrodes of the capacitive antenna while the polarization of the magnetic component picked up from the incident field is parallel to the axis of the coil of the inductive antenna.
  • the present invention relates to a receiving device intended to be worn on a part of the body of a user, it is important to know the influence of this body on the configuration of the electromagnetic field.
  • the amplitude and the direction of the electromagnetic field are greatly modified in the vicinity of the body, this being mainly due to the fact that the dielectric properties of the human body are very different from those of air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a forearm 1 of a user wearing a reception device according to the invention which is in the form of a wristwatch 4 comprising a case 2 and a strap 3.
  • a case 2 act the two predominant components E r (radial electrical components) and H ⁇ (azimuthal magnetic component).
  • FIG. 2 shows a human figure carrying a portable receiving device 5 comprising a box 6 attached to a belt 7. On this portable receiving device 5 also act the radial electrical component E r and the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ of a field electromagnetic carrying radio broadcast messages.
  • FIG. 3 there is a schematic view of a portable receiving device 10 according to the invention which comprises a housing 11, a single antenna 12 adapted to receive both the azimuthal magnetic H ⁇ and electrical components radial E r of an electromagnetic field carrying broadcast radio messages and a microreceptor 13 receiving the messages picked up by the antenna to transform these messages into data perceptible by the user of the portable reception device.
  • the latter is carried by the user so that the housing is close to its body 14.
  • the antenna 12 comprises two conductive plates 15 and 16 placed substantially parallel to one another and separated by air or any other dielectric.
  • the plates 15 and 16 are arranged in the housing 11 to capture the radial electrical component E r of the electromagnetic field with respect to the body 14.
  • the plates 15 and 16 are preferably mounted in the housing 11 so that they are substantially parallel to the surface of the user's skin in front of the portable receiving device when the latter is worn by the user.
  • the antenna 12 is constituted by a coil 17 comprising, in this example, a single turn disposed in the housing 11 for picking up the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ of the electromagnetic field around the body 14.
  • the antenna is mounted in the housing 11 so that the longitudinal axis of the coil is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the user's skin in front of the portable receiving device, and arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical part of the body in question, when this device is worn by the user.
  • the plates 15 and 16 form part of the coil 17.
  • the portable reception device 10 comprises a single antenna 12 which takes advantage of two predominant components of the electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages, namely the radial electrical component E r and the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ . By allowing the use of these two components at the same time, the efficiency of the antenna is increased.
  • the plates 15 and 16 comprise connection zones 21 to 24 by which they are connected to the remaining part of the coil 17.
  • the connection zones 21 and 22 are arranged at the diametrically opposite locations on the plate 15
  • the connection zones 23 and 24 are arranged at the diametrically opposite locations on the plate 16.
  • the connection zones 21 to 24 are arranged in a periphery region of the plates 15. and 16. The resulting arrangement is simple, effective and makes it possible to form an antenna which has optimal electromagnetic dimensions relative to the physical dimensions of the housing 11.
  • the coil 17 is preferably placed in the housing so that its longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ when said device is worn by a user.
  • the two conductive plates are arranged so that they are substantially perpendicular to the radial electrical component E r when said device is worn by the user.
  • the portable reception device is well suited to various applications in all frequency bands because the antenna has very little practical limitation of minimum or maximum frequency. Indeed, even under the hypothesis of a reduction in the effect of the human body for the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ at low frequency, there is no corresponding frequency limitation for the radial electrical component E r , even at a frequency of 0 Hz.
  • the microreceptor 13 receives the messages picked up by the antenna to transform these messages into data perceptible by the user.
  • the microreceptor 13 includes an adaptation and tuning circuit 18 which, in known manner, makes it possible to complete the tuning of the resonant circuit which constitutes the antenna 12 and to adjust if necessary the resonance frequency of that -this.
  • the antenna 12 Thanks to the high efficiency of the antenna 12 and to the fact that the radial electrical component E r picked up by the antenna 12 is not very sensitive to changes in frequency of the electromagnetic field carrying radio messages, it is easy to adapt the antenna 12 so that 'it works as a broadband antenna in a desired frequency range. To do this, it suffices that the matching and tuning circuit 18 is set so that the narrow band around the resonant frequency of the antenna is set outside of this desired frequency range. Thus, the antenna may have regular behavior as a function of the frequency in this frequency range.
  • the antenna can also be used as a resonant antenna by adjusting the matching and tuning circuit 18 so that the resonance frequency of the antenna is brought into the desired frequency range.
  • each of the charging circuits Z1 and Z2 can be constituted simply by a conductive element with minimum resistance forming the remaining part of the coil 18, and / or by resistive, capacitive elements and / or inductive, such as, for example, the matching and tuning circuit 18 which constitutes the load circuit Z1 in the antenna 12 shown in FIG. 3.
  • Each of the load circuits Z1 and Z2 can even be constituted by a short circuit or an open circuit.
  • a current i is induced in the coil 17 by the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ (leaving the page in Figure 3) of the electromagnetic field picked up by the coil 12.
  • the current i rotates in the direction counterclockwise. This results in a positive induced voltage V H1 through the charge circuit Z1 and a negative induced voltage V H2 through the charge circuit Z2.
  • FIG 4 shows an embodiment of the conductive plates 15 and 16 as well as the microreceptor 13 of Figure 3.
  • Each of the two plates may have one or more openings, such as the central opening 20.
  • the plate 15 is arranged in the upper part of the housing 11 of the portable receiving device 10 while the plate 16, for its part, is arranged in the lower part of the housing 11.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a portable receiving device in the form of a wristwatch 30.
  • the latter comprises a dial 40 and a movement 41 housed in a housing 42.
  • the antenna arranged in this watch 30 comprises a first conductive plate 31 and a second conductive plate 32.
  • the upper plate 31 has the same shape as that shown in FIG. 4 so that it is hidden from view by an annular part 43 of the housing 42.
  • the plate 31 shown in FIG. 5 is constituted by a peripheral metallization of the crystal 33 .
  • the plate 32 can be a metallic bottom which is entirely metallic or, as shown in FIG. 5, a metallic sheet affixed on a bottom 34 of plastic material.
  • the plates 31 and 32 can be mounted in the receiving device 30 according to several variants.
  • at least one of the plates could also be deposited on the dial or any other element of the portable reception device 30 or it could even constitute this element itself.
  • At least one of the plates could also be embedded in the bottom of the housing 42 or in any other part of the portable receiving device 30.
  • the plates 31 and 32 can be produced according to several variants.
  • at least one of the plates could be constituted by a metallic deposit, by a conductive element produced separately or by a grid.
  • the plates 31 and 32 are supported on a middle part 44 made of insulating material.
  • the plates 31 and 32 are connected to the input of the microreceptor 18 which is mounted in the housing 42 between the dial 33 and the bottom 34.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of a portable reception device in the form of a wristwatch 50.
  • the latter comprises the dial 40, the movement 41 and the microreceptor 13, shown in the Figure 5, which are housed in a housing 51.
  • the antenna comprises two conductive plates which are not necessarily planar, namely a first conductive plate 52 and a second conductive plate 53 which respectively constitute an upper part and a lower part of the housing 51.
  • the plates 52 and 53 are separated by an annular disc 54 made of insulating material.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the antenna because the plates 52 and 53 have a maximum surface relative to the dimensions of the portable reception device 50 itself.
  • the two plates 52 and 53 constitute parts of the housing 51.
  • only one of the plates could be formed by a part of the housing in another embodiment.

Abstract

The receiver is contained in a package (11) which is worn on the body (14) and comprises a single antenna (12) and a microreceiver (13). The antenna consists of two conductive plates (15,16) which are aligned, preferably parallelly, to the skin and separated by air or another dielectric and loaded by circuits (Z1,Z2). The plates detect the radial electric component (Er) of the EM wave carrying broadcast messages and constitute parts of a single-turn coil (17) which detects the azimuthal magnetic component (H ) of the EM field surrounding the body. The loads may be short or open circuits, low-resistance conductors, resistors, capacitors and/or inductors.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de réception et/ou d'émission de messages radio-diffusés portatif qui comporte une antenne apte à capter un champ électromagnétique porteur des messages radio-diffusés.The present invention relates to a device for receiving and / or transmitting portable radio broadcast messages which comprises an antenna capable of picking up an electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages.

On connaît déjà des dispositifs portatifs de ce type, dispositifs qui se présentent parfois sous la forme d'une pièce d'horlogerie telle qu'une montre-bracelet. Une réalisation d'un tel agencement est décrite dans le brevet européen No 0 312 792. Ce document décrit une montre-bracelet comportant une antenne et un microrécepteur disposés dans un boîtier. L'antenne comprend un premier élément conducteur en forme de boucle situé dans la partie supérieure du boîtier, un deuxième élément conducteur relié à la masse du microrécepteur et disposé dans la partie inférieure du boîtier. Un circuit d'adaptation et d'accord relie ces deux éléments conducteurs aux entrées du microrécepteur.Portable devices of this type are already known, devices which are sometimes in the form of a timepiece such as a wristwatch. An embodiment of such an arrangement is described in European patent No. 0 312 792. This document describes a wristwatch comprising an antenna and a microreceptor arranged in a housing. The antenna comprises a first conductive element in the form of a loop located in the upper part of the housing, a second conductive element connected to the ground of the microreceptor and arranged in the lower part of the housing. An adaptation and tuning circuit connects these two conductive elements to the inputs of the microreceptor.

Le premier élément de l'antenne forme, d'une part, avec le second élément conducteur un doublet capacitif sensible à une composante électrique du champ électromagnétique porteur de messages radio diffusés. D'autre part, le premier élément permet de former une boucle sensible à une composante magnétique du champ électromagnétique. Ainsi, on peut dire que l'antenne a un aspect mixte électrique et magnétique car elle est sensible à la fois à des composantes électrique et magnétique du champ électromagnétique.The first element of the antenna forms, on the one hand, with the second conducting element a capacitive doublet sensitive to an electrical component of the electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages. On the other hand, the first element makes it possible to form a loop sensitive to a magnetic component of the electromagnetic field. Thus, it can be said that the antenna has a mixed electrical and magnetic appearance because it is sensitive to both electrical and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field.

Les deux éléments conducteurs sont disposés dans des plans parallèles au cadran du boîtier. Par conséquent, la boucle formée par le premier élément capte la composante magnétique radiale du champ électromagnétique par rapport au poignet de l'utilisateur et le doublet capacitif formé par les deux éléments conducteurs capte la composante électrique radiale du champ électromagnétique par rapport au poignet de l'utilisateur.The two conductive elements are arranged in planes parallel to the dial of the housing. Consequently, the loop formed by the first element captures the radial magnetic component of the electromagnetic field relative to the wrist of the user and the capacitive doublet formed. by the two conductive elements captures the radial electrical component of the electromagnetic field relative to the wrist of the user.

Or, un tel agencement pose des problèmes de sensibilité de réception car les deux composantes captées ne sont pas celles qui sont optimales près de la surface du corps d'un utilisateur. En outre, ce dispositif de réception portatif a une variation importante en fonction de la fréquence du champ électromagnétique qui est capté.However, such an arrangement poses problems of reception sensitivity because the two components captured are not those which are optimal near the surface of the body of a user. In addition, this portable reception device has a significant variation depending on the frequency of the electromagnetic field which is picked up.

La présente invention a pour but un dispositif de réception de messages radio-diffusés portatif qui remédie tout au moins en partie à ces inconvénients.The object of the present invention is a device for receiving portable radio broadcast messages which at least partially remedies these drawbacks.

L'invention a également pour but un dispositif de réception de messages radio-diffusés portatif dont la produit gain/largeur-de-bande de l'antenne est optimisée.Another object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio broadcast messages in which the gain / bandwidth product of the antenna is optimized.

L'invention a également pour but un dispositif de réception de messages radio-diffusés portatif qui permet un comportement régulier en fonction de la fréquence du champ électromagnétique capté.Another object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio-broadcast messages which allows regular behavior as a function of the frequency of the electromagnetic field picked up.

En outre, l'invention a pour but un dispositif de réception de messages radio-diffusés portatif qui comporte une seule antenne et dont la construction est simple et peu encombrante.In addition, the object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio-broadcast messages which comprises a single antenna and the construction of which is simple and compact.

L'invention a ainsi pour objet un dispositif de réception et/ou d'émission de messages radio-diffusés portatif destiné à être porté sur une partie du corps présentant la forme d'un cylindre tel que le bras ou le tronc de ce corps. Le dispositif comporte un boîtier, une antenne apte à capter à la fois une composante magnétique et une composante électrique d'un champ électromagnétique porteur de messages radio diffusés, et un microrécepteur recevant les messages captés par l'antenne. L'antenne comporte deux plaques conductrices disposées de manière à capter la composante électrique radiale du champ électromagnétique par rapport au corps. L'antenne est formée par une bobine comportant une spire disposée dans le boîtier pour capter la composante magnétique azimutale du champ électromagnétique autour de ladite partie du corps. Les plaques font partie de la bobine.The invention thus relates to a device for receiving and / or transmitting portable radio broadcast messages intended to be worn on a part of the body having the shape of a cylinder such as the arm or the trunk of this body. The device comprises a housing, an antenna capable of picking up both a magnetic component and an electrical component of an electromagnetic field carrying broadcast radio messages, and a microreceptor receiving the messages picked up by the antenna. The antenna comprises two conductive plates arranged so as to pick up the radial electrical component of the electromagnetic field with respect to the body. The antenna is formed by a coil comprising a coil arranged in the housing to pick up the azimuthal magnetic component of the electromagnetic field around said part of the body. The plates are part of the coil.

Avantageusement, la présente invention permet de réaliser un dispositif de réception de messages radiodiffusés portatif dont l'antenne capte les composantes électrique radiale et magnétique azimutale d'un champ électromagnétique, ce qui, d'une part, accroît le rendement de l'antenne et, autre part, rend l'antenne moins sensible aux variations en fréquence du champ électromagnétique capté.Advantageously, the present invention makes it possible to produce a portable radio message reception device, the antenna of which picks up the radial electrical and azimuthal magnetic components of an electromagnetic field, which, on the one hand, increases the efficiency of the antenna and , on the other hand, makes the antenna less sensitive to variations in frequency of the electromagnetic field received.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un poignet d'un utilisateur portant un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de réception portatif selon la présente invention;
  • la figure 2 montre une figure humaine portant un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de réception portatif selon la présente invention;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique du dispositif de réception portatif de la figure 1;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un détail du dispositif de réception portatif de la figure 3;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe d'un mode de réalisation du dispositif de réception portatif selon l'invention qui se présente sous forme d'une montre-bracelet, et
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe d'un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif de réception portatif selon l'invention qui se présente sous forme d'une montre-bracelet.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a wrist of a user wearing an embodiment of a portable receiving device according to the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 shows a human figure carrying another embodiment of a portable reception device according to the present invention;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the portable receiving device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a detail of the portable receiving device of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the portable reception device according to the invention which is in the form of a wristwatch, and
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the portable receiving device according to the invention which is in the form of a wristwatch.

On connaît que les composantes électriques et magnétiques d'un champ électromagnétique sont orthogonales l'une à l'autre. Il en résulte qu'une composante électrique du champ pourra être captée par une antenne capacitive alors qu'une composante magnétique pourra l'être par une antenne inductive. Une antenne capacitive se présente sous la forme de deux électrodes séparées par un diélectrique et une antenne inductive sous la forme d'une bobine. Par diélectrique, il faut entendre ici une matière isolante séparant les deux électrodes, cette matière pouvant aussi être de l'air. La polarisation de la composante électrique captée du champ incident est perpendiculaire aux électrodes de l'antenne capacitive alors que la polarisation de la composante magnétique captée du champ incident est parallèle à l'axe de la bobine de l'antenne inductive.It is known that the electrical and magnetic components of an electromagnetic field are orthogonal to one another. It follows that an electric component of the field can be picked up by a capacitive antenna while a magnetic component can be it by an inductive antenna. A capacitive antenna is in the form of two electrodes separated by a dielectric and an inductive antenna in the form of a coil. By dielectric is meant here an insulating material separating the two electrodes, this material also being able to be air. The polarization of the electrical component picked up from the incident field is perpendicular to the electrodes of the capacitive antenna while the polarization of the magnetic component picked up from the incident field is parallel to the axis of the coil of the inductive antenna.

La présente invention étant relative à un dispositif de réception destiné à être porté sur une partie du corps d'un utilisateur, il est important de connaître l'influence de ce corps sur la configuration du champ électromagnétique. Or, on a constaté que l'amplitude et la direction du champ électromagnétique sont fortement modifiées au voisinage du corps, ceci étant dû principalement au fait que les propriétés diélectriques du corps humain sont très différentes de celles de l'air.The present invention relates to a receiving device intended to be worn on a part of the body of a user, it is important to know the influence of this body on the configuration of the electromagnetic field. However, it has been found that the amplitude and the direction of the electromagnetic field are greatly modified in the vicinity of the body, this being mainly due to the fact that the dielectric properties of the human body are very different from those of air.

Des divers études ont permis d'établir si l'on irradie le corps humain par un champ électromagnétique, d'une part, que la composante électrique du champ est essentiellement perpendiculaire à la peau du corps à une distance inférieure à 15 cm de la surface du corps ou de la partie du corps en question et, d'autre part, que la composante magnétique du champ tourne essentiellement autour du corps ou de la partie du corps en question (par exemple. le poignet) à une distance inférieure à 15 cm de la surface du corps. On utilisera par la suite le mot "radial" pour qualifier cette composante électrique du champ et le mot "azimutal" pour qualifier cette composante magnétique du champ.Various studies have established if we irradiate the human body with an electromagnetic field, on the one hand, that the electric component of the field is essentially perpendicular to the skin of the body at a distance less than 15 cm from the surface of the body or part of the body in question and, on the other hand, that the magnetic component of the field rotates essentially around the body or the part of the body in question (eg the wrist) at a distance less than 15 cm from the surface of the body. We will then use the word "radial" to qualify this electrical component of the field and the word "azimuth" to qualify this magnetic component of the field.

La figure 1 présente un avant-bras 1 d'un utilisateur portant un dispositif de réception selon l'invention qui se présente sous la forme d'une montre-bracelet 4 comportant un boîtier 2 et un bracelet 3. Sur ce boîtier 2 agissent les deux composantes prédominantes Er (composantes électrique radiale) et HΦ (composante magnétique azimutale).FIG. 1 shows a forearm 1 of a user wearing a reception device according to the invention which is in the form of a wristwatch 4 comprising a case 2 and a strap 3. On this case 2 act the two predominant components E r (radial electrical components) and H Φ (azimuthal magnetic component).

La figure 2 présente une figure humaine portant un dispositif de réception portatif 5 comportant un boîtier 6 accroché à une ceinture 7. Sur ce dispositif de réception portatif 5 agissent également la composante électrique radiale Er et la composante magnétique azimutale HΦ d'un champ électromagnétique porteur de message radio-diffusés.FIG. 2 shows a human figure carrying a portable receiving device 5 comprising a box 6 attached to a belt 7. On this portable receiving device 5 also act the radial electrical component E r and the azimuthal magnetic component H Φ of a field electromagnetic carrying radio broadcast messages.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 3, on voit une vue schématique d'un dispositif de réception portatif 10 selon l'invention qui comprend un boîtier 11, une seule antenne 12 apte à capter à la fois les composantes magnétique azimutale HΦ et électrique radiale Er d'un champ électromagnétique porteur de messages radio diffusés et un microrécepteur 13 recevant les messages captés par l'antenne pour transformer ces messages en des données perceptibles par l'utilisateur du dispositif de réception portatif. Ce dernier est porté par l'utilisateur de manière que le boîtier soit près de son corps 14.Referring now to Figure 3, there is a schematic view of a portable receiving device 10 according to the invention which comprises a housing 11, a single antenna 12 adapted to receive both the azimuthal magnetic H Φ and electrical components radial E r of an electromagnetic field carrying broadcast radio messages and a microreceptor 13 receiving the messages picked up by the antenna to transform these messages into data perceptible by the user of the portable reception device. The latter is carried by the user so that the housing is close to its body 14.

L'antenne 12 comporte deux plaques conductrices 15 et 16 placées sensiblement parallèlement l'une à l'autre et séparées par de l'air ou tout autre diélectrique. Les plaques 15 et 16 sont disposées dans le boîtier 11 pour capter la composante électrique radiale Er du champ électromagnétique par rapport au corps 14. Pour maximiser le rendement de l'antenne, les plaques 15 et 16 sont de préférence montées dans le boîtier 11 de manière qu'elles soient sensiblement parallèle à la surface de la peau de l'utilisateur en face du dispositif de réception portatif lorsque ce dernier est porté par l'utilisateur.The antenna 12 comprises two conductive plates 15 and 16 placed substantially parallel to one another and separated by air or any other dielectric. The plates 15 and 16 are arranged in the housing 11 to capture the radial electrical component E r of the electromagnetic field with respect to the body 14. To maximize the efficiency of the antenna, the plates 15 and 16 are preferably mounted in the housing 11 so that they are substantially parallel to the surface of the user's skin in front of the portable receiving device when the latter is worn by the user.

On voit sur les figures 3 et 4 que l'antenne 12 est constituée par une bobine 17 comportant, dans cet exemple, une seule spire disposée dans le boîtier 11 pour capter la composante magnétique azimutale HΦ du champ électromagnétique autour du corps 14. De préférence, l'antenne est montée dans le boîtier 11 de manière que l'axe longitudinal de la bobine soit sensiblement perpendiculaire à la surface de la peau de l'utilisateur en face du dispositif de réception portatif, et disposé perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinale de la partie cylindrique du corps en question, lorsque ce dispositif est porté par l'utilisateur.We see in Figures 3 and 4 that the antenna 12 is constituted by a coil 17 comprising, in this example, a single turn disposed in the housing 11 for picking up the azimuthal magnetic component H Φ of the electromagnetic field around the body 14. De preferably, the antenna is mounted in the housing 11 so that the longitudinal axis of the coil is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the user's skin in front of the portable receiving device, and arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical part of the body in question, when this device is worn by the user.

Selon l'invention, les plaques 15 et 16 font partie de la bobine 17. Ainsi, le dispositif de réception portatif 10 comporte une seule antenne 12 qui tire bénéfice de deux composantes prédominantes du champ électromagnétique porteur de messages radio-diffusés, à savoir la composante électrique radiale Er et la composante magnétique azimutale HΦ. En permettant l'utilisation de ces deux composantes en même temps, le rendement de l'antenne est accru.According to the invention, the plates 15 and 16 form part of the coil 17. Thus, the portable reception device 10 comprises a single antenna 12 which takes advantage of two predominant components of the electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages, namely the radial electrical component E r and the azimuthal magnetic component H Φ . By allowing the use of these two components at the same time, the efficiency of the antenna is increased.

De préférence, les plaques 15 et 16 comportent des zones de connexion(s) 21 à 24 par lesquelles elles sont connectées à la partie restante de la bobine 17. Les zones de connexion 21 et 22 sont disposées aux endroits diamétralement opposés sur la plaque 15. De même, les zones de connexion 23 et 24 sont disposées aux endroits diamétralement opposés sur la plaque 16. Dans l'exemple montré dans les figures 3 et 4, les zones de connexion 21 à 24 sont disposées dans une région périphérie des plaques 15 et 16. L'agencement résultant est simple, efficace et permet de former une antenne qui a des dimensions électromagnétiques optimales par rapport aux dimensions physiques du boîtier 11.Preferably, the plates 15 and 16 comprise connection zones 21 to 24 by which they are connected to the remaining part of the coil 17. The connection zones 21 and 22 are arranged at the diametrically opposite locations on the plate 15 Likewise, the connection zones 23 and 24 are arranged at the diametrically opposite locations on the plate 16. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the connection zones 21 to 24 are arranged in a periphery region of the plates 15. and 16. The resulting arrangement is simple, effective and makes it possible to form an antenna which has optimal electromagnetic dimensions relative to the physical dimensions of the housing 11.

Pour augmenter l'efficacité de l'antenne, la bobine 17 est de préférence disposée dans le boîtier de manière que son axe longitudinale est sensiblement parallèle à la composante magnétique azimutale HΦ lorsque ledit dispositif est porté par un utilisateur. De même, il est préférable que les deux plaques conductrices soient disposées de manière qu'elles soient sensiblement perpendiculaire à la composante électrique radiale Er lorsque ledit dispositif est porté par l'utilisateur.To increase the efficiency of the antenna, the coil 17 is preferably placed in the housing so that its longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to the azimuthal magnetic component H Φ when said device is worn by a user. Likewise, it is preferable that the two conductive plates are arranged so that they are substantially perpendicular to the radial electrical component E r when said device is worn by the user.

Avantageusement, le dispositif de réception portatif est bien adapté à diverses applications dans toutes les bandes de fréquences car l'antenne n'a très peu de limitation pratique de fréquence minimale ou maximale. En effet, même sous l'hypothèse d'une réduction de l'effet du corps humain pour la composante magnétique azimutale HΦ à basse fréquence, il n'existe aucune limitation en fréquence correspondante pour la composante électrique radiale Er, même à une fréquence de 0 Hz.Advantageously, the portable reception device is well suited to various applications in all frequency bands because the antenna has very little practical limitation of minimum or maximum frequency. Indeed, even under the hypothesis of a reduction in the effect of the human body for the azimuthal magnetic component H Φ at low frequency, there is no corresponding frequency limitation for the radial electrical component E r , even at a frequency of 0 Hz.

Le microrécepteur 13 reçoit les messages captés par l'antenne pour transformer ces messages en des données perceptibles par l'utilisateur. A cet effet, le microrécepteur 13 comporte un circuit d'adaptation et d'accord 18 qui, de manière connue, permet de compléter l'accord du circuit résonnant que constitue l'antenne 12 et de régler si nécessaire la fréquence de résonance de celle-ci.The microreceptor 13 receives the messages picked up by the antenna to transform these messages into data perceptible by the user. To this end, the microreceptor 13 includes an adaptation and tuning circuit 18 which, in known manner, makes it possible to complete the tuning of the resonant circuit which constitutes the antenna 12 and to adjust if necessary the resonance frequency of that -this.

Grâce au grand rendement de l'antenne 12 et au fait que la composante électrique radiale Er captée par l'antenne 12 est peu sensible aux changements de fréquence du champ électromagnétique porteur de messages radiodiffusés, on peut facilement adapter l'antenne 12 pour qu'elle fonctionne comme antenne à large bande dans une gamme de fréquence désirée. Pour effectuer ceci, il suffit que le circuit d'adaptation et d'accord 18 soit régler de manière que la bande étroite autour de la fréquence de résonance de l'antenne soit mise hors de cette gamme de fréquence désirée. Ainsi, l'antenne pourra avoir un comportement régulier en fonction de la fréquence dans cette gamme de fréquence.Thanks to the high efficiency of the antenna 12 and to the fact that the radial electrical component E r picked up by the antenna 12 is not very sensitive to changes in frequency of the electromagnetic field carrying radio messages, it is easy to adapt the antenna 12 so that 'it works as a broadband antenna in a desired frequency range. To do this, it suffices that the matching and tuning circuit 18 is set so that the narrow band around the resonant frequency of the antenna is set outside of this desired frequency range. Thus, the antenna may have regular behavior as a function of the frequency in this frequency range.

Toutefois, l'antenne pourra également être utilisée comme une antenne résonante en réglant le circuit d'adaptation et d'accord 18 de manière que la fréquence de résonance de l'antenne soit amenée dans la gamme de fréquence désirée.However, the antenna can also be used as a resonant antenna by adjusting the matching and tuning circuit 18 so that the resonance frequency of the antenna is brought into the desired frequency range.

On peut considérer que les deux plaques 15 et 16 sont reliées l'une à l'autre par des circuits de charges Z1 et Z2. Chacun des circuits de charge Z1 et Z2 peut être constitué simplement par un élément conducteur à résistance minimale formant la partie restante de la bobine 18, et/ou par des éléments résistifs, capacitifs et/ou inductifs, comme, par exemple, le circuit d'adaptation et d'accord 18 qui constitue le circuit de charge Z1 dans l'antenne 12 montré à la figure 3. Chacun des circuits de charge Z1 et Z2 peut être même constitué par un court-circuit ou un circuit-ouvert.It can be considered that the two plates 15 and 16 are connected to each other by load circuits Z1 and Z2. Each of the charging circuits Z1 and Z2 can be constituted simply by a conductive element with minimum resistance forming the remaining part of the coil 18, and / or by resistive, capacitive elements and / or inductive, such as, for example, the matching and tuning circuit 18 which constitutes the load circuit Z1 in the antenna 12 shown in FIG. 3. Each of the load circuits Z1 and Z2 can even be constituted by a short circuit or an open circuit.

Comme on voit sur la figure 3, un courant i est induit dans la bobine 17 par la composante magnétique azimutale HΦ (sortant de la page sur la figure 3) du champ électromagnétique capté par la bobine 12. Le courant i tourne dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre. Il en résulte une tension induite positive VH1 à travers le circuit de charge Z1 et une tension induite négative VH2 à travers le circuit de charge Z2.As seen in Figure 3, a current i is induced in the coil 17 by the azimuthal magnetic component H Φ (leaving the page in Figure 3) of the electromagnetic field picked up by the coil 12. The current i rotates in the direction counterclockwise. This results in a positive induced voltage V H1 through the charge circuit Z1 and a negative induced voltage V H2 through the charge circuit Z2.

Par contre, les tensions induites par la composante électrique radiale Er sont égales et positives à travers les deux circuits de charge Z1 et Z2. On constate donc que les tensions VE1 et VE2 induites par les deux composantes s'additionnent à travers le circuit de charge Z1 et se soustraient à travers le circuit de charge Z2. Par conséquent, il s'agira de connecter l'entrée du microrécepteur 13 à travers le circuit de charge Z1 pour accroître d'avantage le rendement de l'antenne 12.On the other hand, the voltages induced by the radial electrical component E r are equal and positive across the two load circuits Z1 and Z2. It can therefore be seen that the voltages V E1 and V E2 induced by the two components add up through the load circuit Z1 and subtract through the load circuit Z2. Consequently, it will be a question of connecting the input of the microreceptor 13 through the load circuit Z1 to further increase the efficiency of the antenna 12.

La figure 4 montre un mode de réalisation des plaques conductrices 15 et 16 ainsi que le microrécepteur 13 de la figure 3. Chacune des deux plaques peut avoir une ou plusieurs ouvertures, telle que l'ouverture centrale 20. La plaque 15 est disposée dans la partie supérieure du boîtier 11 du dispositif de réception portatif 10 tandis que la plaque 16, quant à elle, est disposée dans la partie inférieure du boîtier 11.Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the conductive plates 15 and 16 as well as the microreceptor 13 of Figure 3. Each of the two plates may have one or more openings, such as the central opening 20. The plate 15 is arranged in the upper part of the housing 11 of the portable receiving device 10 while the plate 16, for its part, is arranged in the lower part of the housing 11.

Un tel agencement pourrait être utile dans le cas où l'antenne 12 est incorporée dans une montre-bracelet. La figure 5 montre une vue en coupe d'un dispositif de réception portatif sous forme d'une montre-bracelet 30. Cette dernière comporte un cadran 40 et un mouvement 41 logés dans un boîtier 42. L'antenne disposée dans cette montre 30 comporte une première plaque conductrice 31 et une deuxième plaque conductrice 32. Dans cet exemple, la plaque supérieure 31 a la même forme que celle montré dans la figure 4 de sorte qu'elle soit cachée de vue par une partie annulaire 43 du boîtier 42. La plaque 31 montrée à la figure 5 est constituée par une métallisation périphérique de la glace 33.Such an arrangement could be useful in the case where the antenna 12 is incorporated in a wristwatch. Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a portable receiving device in the form of a wristwatch 30. The latter comprises a dial 40 and a movement 41 housed in a housing 42. The antenna arranged in this watch 30 comprises a first conductive plate 31 and a second conductive plate 32. In this example, the upper plate 31 has the same shape as that shown in FIG. 4 so that it is hidden from view by an annular part 43 of the housing 42. The plate 31 shown in FIG. 5 is constituted by a peripheral metallization of the crystal 33 .

La plaque 32 peut être un fond métallique qui est entièrement métallique ou, comme le montre la figure 5, une feuille métallique apposée sur un fond 34 en matière plastique.The plate 32 can be a metallic bottom which is entirely metallic or, as shown in FIG. 5, a metallic sheet affixed on a bottom 34 of plastic material.

Toutefois, les plaques 31 et 32 peuvent être montées dans le dispositif de réception 30 selon plusieurs variantes. Par exemple, au moins une des plaques pourrait également être déposée sur le cadran ou tout autre élément du dispositif de réception portatif 30 ou elle pourrait même constituer cet élément lui-même. Au moins une des plaques pourrait également être noyé dans le fond du boîtier 42 ou dans tout autre partie du dispositif de réception portatif 30.However, the plates 31 and 32 can be mounted in the receiving device 30 according to several variants. For example, at least one of the plates could also be deposited on the dial or any other element of the portable reception device 30 or it could even constitute this element itself. At least one of the plates could also be embedded in the bottom of the housing 42 or in any other part of the portable receiving device 30.

De même, les plaques 31 et 32 peuvent être réalisées selon plusieurs variantes. Par exemple, au moins une des plaques pourrait être constituée par un dépôt métallique, par un élément conducteur réalisé séparément ou par une grille.Likewise, the plates 31 and 32 can be produced according to several variants. For example, at least one of the plates could be constituted by a metallic deposit, by a conductive element produced separately or by a grid.

Les plaques 31 et 32 s'appuient sur une carrure 44 réalisée en matière isolante. Les plaques 31 et 32 sont reliées à l'entrée du microrécepteur 18 qui est monté dans le boîtier 42 entre le cadran 33 et le fond 34.The plates 31 and 32 are supported on a middle part 44 made of insulating material. The plates 31 and 32 are connected to the input of the microreceptor 18 which is mounted in the housing 42 between the dial 33 and the bottom 34.

La figure 6 montre une vue en coupe d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de réception portatif sous forme d'une montre-bracelet 50. Cette dernière comporte le cadran 40, le mouvement 41 et le microrécepteur 13, montrée dans la figure 5, qui sont logés dans un boîtier 51. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'antenne comporte deux plaques conductrices qui ne sont pas nécessairement planaires, à savoir une première plaque conductrice 52 et une deuxième plaque conductrice 53 qui constituent respectivement une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure du boîtier 51. Les plaques 52 et 53 sont séparées par un disque annulaire 54 réalisée en matière isolante.FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of a portable reception device in the form of a wristwatch 50. The latter comprises the dial 40, the movement 41 and the microreceptor 13, shown in the Figure 5, which are housed in a housing 51. In this embodiment, the antenna comprises two conductive plates which are not necessarily planar, namely a first conductive plate 52 and a second conductive plate 53 which respectively constitute an upper part and a lower part of the housing 51. The plates 52 and 53 are separated by an annular disc 54 made of insulating material.

Cet agencement permet d'augmenter le rendement de l'antenne car les plaques 52 et 53 ont une surface maximale par rapport aux dimensions du dispositif de réception portatif 50 lui-même.This arrangement makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the antenna because the plates 52 and 53 have a maximum surface relative to the dimensions of the portable reception device 50 itself.

Dans cet exemple, les deux plaques 52 et 53 constituent des parties du boîtier 51. Cependant, seulement une des plaques pourrait être formée par une partie du boîtier dans un autre mode de réalisation.In this example, the two plates 52 and 53 constitute parts of the housing 51. However, only one of the plates could be formed by a part of the housing in another embodiment.

Enfin, il est à noter que plusieurs modifications et/ou adaptations peuvent être apportées au système d'identification d'objets selon l'invention sans sortir du cadre de celle-ci.Finally, it should be noted that several modifications and / or adaptations can be made to the object identification system according to the invention without departing from the scope thereof.

A cet effet, bien que les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus concernent principalement un dispositif de réception portatif sous forme d'une montre-bracelet, le principe de cette antenne peut également être utilisé pour d'autres applications horlogères ou pour des dispositifs de réception portatifs conventionnels.To this end, although the embodiments described above mainly concern a portable reception device in the form of a wristwatch, the principle of this antenna can also be used for other horological applications or for conventional portable reception.

Claims (7)

Dispositif de réception et/ou d'émission de messages radio-diffusés portatif destiné à être porté sur une partie du corps présentant la forme d'un cylindre tel que le bras ou le tronc de ce corps, ledit dispositif comportant : - un boîtier (11; 42; 51), - une antenne (12; 31, 32; 52, 53) apte à capter à la fois une composante magnétique et une composante électrique d'un champ électromagnétique porteur de messages radio diffusés, et - un microrécepteur (13) recevant les messages captés par l'antenne, ladite antenne comportant deux plaques conductrices (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53) disposées de manière qu'elles captent la composante électrique radiale (Er) dudit champ électromagnétique par rapport audit corps,
caractérisée en ce que ladite antenne (12; 31, 32; 52, 53) est formée par une bobine (17) comportant une spire disposée dans ledit boîtier (11; 42; 51) pour capter la composante magnétique azimutale (HΦ) dudit champ électromagnétique autour de ladite partie du corps, et en ce que lesdites plaques (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53) font partie de ladite bobine (17).Device for receiving and / or transmitting portable radio broadcast messages intended to be worn on a part of the body having the shape of a cylinder such as the arm or the trunk of this body, said device comprising: - a housing (11; 42; 51), - an antenna (12; 31, 32; 52, 53) capable of picking up both a magnetic component and an electrical component of an electromagnetic field carrying broadcast radio messages, and - a micro-receiver (13) receiving the messages picked up by the antenna, said antenna comprising two conductive plates (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53) arranged so that they pick up the radial electrical component (E r ) of said electromagnetic field with respect to said body,
characterized in that said antenna (12; 31, 32; 52, 53) is formed by a coil (17) comprising a coil disposed in said housing (11; 42; 51) for picking up the azimuthal magnetic component (H Φ ) of said electromagnetic field around said body part, and in that said plates (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53) are part of said coil (17). Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que chacune desdites plaques (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53) comporte des zones de connexion (21-24) diamétralement opposées et par lesquelles elle est connectée à la partie restante de ladite bobine (17).Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each of said plates (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53) has diametrically opposite connection zones (21-24) and by which it is connected to the remaining part of said plate coil (17). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que lesdites zones de connexion (21-24) sont disposées dans une région périphérie desdites plaques (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53).Device according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the said connection zones (21-24) are arranged in a periphery region of the said plates (15, 16; 31, 32; 52, 53). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite bobine (17) est disposée dans ledit boîtier (11; 42; 51) de manière que son axe longitudinale est sensiblement parallèle à ladite composante magnétique azimutale (HΦ) lorsque ledit dispositif est porté.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said coil (17) is arranged in the said housing (11; 42; 51) so that its longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to said azimuthal magnetic component (H Φ ) when said device is worn. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite antenne comporte en outre au moins un circuit de charge (Z1, Z2) qui relie lesdites plaques, et en ce que ledit microrécepteur (13) est relié à ladite bobine (17) à travers ledit circuit de charge (Z1) à travers lequel des tensions induites (VH1, VH2, VE1, VE2) par lesdites composantes magnétique azimutale (HΦ) et électrique radiale (Er) s'additionnent.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said antenna further comprises at least one load circuit (Z1, Z2) which connects the said plates, and in that the said microreceptor (13) is connected to the said coil ( 17) through said charge circuit (Z1) through which voltages induced (V H1 , V H2 , V E1 , V E2 ) by said azimuthal magnetic (H Φ ) and radial electrical components (E r ) add up. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, ledit dispositif étant destiné à capter des champs électromagnétiques dans une gamme de fréquence déterminée, caractérisé en ce que ledit microrécepteur comporte un circuit d'adaptation et d'accord (18) réglé de manière qu'une bande étroite autour de la fréquence de résonance de l'antenne (12) soit mise hors de cette gamme de fréquence déterminée.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, said device being intended to pick up electromagnetic fields in a determined frequency range, characterized in that said microreceptor includes an adaptation and tuning circuit (18) adjusted so that a narrow band around the resonant frequency of the antenna (12) is put outside of this determined frequency range. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente sous la forme d'une montre-bracelet.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the form of a wristwatch.
EP97106490A 1996-05-03 1997-04-18 Receive and/or transmit device for radio messages with an inductive and capacitive antenna Expired - Lifetime EP0805507B1 (en)

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FR9605571A FR2748360B1 (en) 1996-05-03 1996-05-03 DEVICE FOR RECEIVING AND / OR TRANSMITTING PORTABLE RADIO-BROADCAST MESSAGES COMPRISING AN INDUCTIVE AND CAPACITIVE ANTENNA

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US6154137A (en) 1998-06-08 2000-11-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Identification tag with enhanced security
US6232870B1 (en) 1998-08-14 2001-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Applications for radio frequency identification systems
US6335686B1 (en) 1998-08-14 2002-01-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Application for a radio frequency identification system
US6424262B2 (en) 1998-08-14 2002-07-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Applications for radio frequency identification systems
US7728732B2 (en) 1998-08-14 2010-06-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Applications for radio frequency identification systems
US8502673B2 (en) 1998-08-14 2013-08-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Applications for radio frequency identification systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR970077817A (en) 1997-12-12
SG54494A1 (en) 1998-11-16
FR2748360A1 (en) 1997-11-07
CA2203976A1 (en) 1997-11-03
CN1108689C (en) 2003-05-14
DE69714132T2 (en) 2003-03-27
TW333717B (en) 1998-06-11
JPH1056312A (en) 1998-02-24
EP0805507B1 (en) 2002-07-24
ATE221261T1 (en) 2002-08-15
CN1179663A (en) 1998-04-22
FR2748360B1 (en) 1998-06-26
HK1010293A1 (en) 1999-06-17
AU715114B2 (en) 2000-01-20
US5907522A (en) 1999-05-25
AU1785797A (en) 1997-11-06
DE69714132D1 (en) 2002-08-29

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