EP0773333A1 - Reinforcement for masonry - Google Patents

Abstract

The reinforcement uses a reinforcing rod, or a number of parallel reinforcing rods (10,11). The reinforcing rods are held together by spacers and at least one holder extending perpendicular to the reinforcing rod (s), embedded in the mortar layers between adjacent bricks in the edge-on brick layer on the underside of the arch. Preferably the holders are provided by hoop elements (13) passed around the reinforcing rods at one end, their opposite ends depending downwards to fit into the joints between the bricks.

Description

The invention relates to masonry reinforcement for stiffening masonry or lintels over windows or door openings, in particular for a facing lintel from masonry with runner layers and with a runner or grenadier layer underneath, the reinforcement being embedded in the joints in the masonry mortar.

Masonry reinforcements are used for large-area walls, above window and door openings (as lintel reinforcement), for non-load-bearing partitions on sagging ceilings, in gable masonry and in mixed masonry. In general, it serves to compensate for the setting behavior of masonry parts. Shrinkage and swelling processes can create tensile or compressive stresses that exceed the elasticity of the masonry. Unless this can or should not be remedied by expansion joints, steel grids are embedded in bed joints (horizontal longitudinal joints) in the mortar bed, which usually consist of parallel longitudinal bars with other steel elements connecting them.

In the case of facing lintel reinforcement, there is a so-called runner layer, i.e. bricks, in which the long side runs parallel to the wall alignment when bricked up, and a grenadier layer, in which the bricks are on the narrow side. In such masonry consisting of grenadier layer and runner layer, tensile and compressive forces occur, in which the bricks are moved apart at their underlying edges, the upper masonry edges being pressed together and the lower edges being pushed apart in the underlying rolling layer will. This results in a force that is conducted into the load-bearing layer, which is to be absorbed via tensile reinforcement.

From DE-U-94 00 252.5 a facing lintel is known from masonry with runner layers and with a runner or grenadier layer underneath and with reinforcement embedded in the joints in the masonry mortar, whereby to produce a bond between the pressure and / or tensile zones of the Facing lintel, in which the pressure-bearing stones of the runner layer above the reinforcement form an anchoring system that brings the stones of the grenadier layer or runner attached below the reinforcement to hold, the reinforcement both from parallel longitudinal bars or strips as well as from perpendicularly arranged with them the longitudinal bars contacting, extending either into the rotor layer and / or into the grenadier layer, such as arcuate brackets, plates, rod-shaped elements or strip-shaped elements. The bow-shaped brackets open towards the longitudinal bars are hooked into the longitudinal bars of the reinforcement. But since the brackets are held in the suspended state by means of a clamp fit on the longitudinal bars, the bracket legs have the tendency to spring apart, with the result that the longitudinal bars of the reinforcement move if they are not so firmly connected to one another by transverse bars that the distance thus predefined is maintained between the two longitudinal bars. Reinforcements made of longitudinal bars, which are connected to one another via cross bars, are complex and costly to manufacture. If the brackets are hung from the outside into the longitudinal rods that are not connected to each other, a displacement of the longitudinal rods during assembly cannot be ruled out. Corrections to be made by subsequently aligning the longitudinal bars make the reinforcement more expensive.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve a masonry reinforcement mentioned at the outset, in particular in connection with a facing lintel and to create a facing lintel and a reinforcement for a brick lintel between the pressure and / or tensile zones of the lintel, the bricks bearing the pressure Place an anchoring system over the reinforcement, which brings the stones under the reinforcement to a stop, so that a better distribution of the pressure and / or tensile forces is achieved while avoiding sagging of the masonry in the facing lintel, using unconnected reinforcing bars for the anchoring system whose distance from each other is fixed during assembly.

This object is achieved by the masonry reinforcement according to claim 1, which according to the invention consists of a reinforcement bar or at least two individual reinforcement bars running parallel to one another, at least one spacer connecting the reinforcement bars and keeping them at a distance and at least one perpendicular to the reinforcement bars Mortar joints of the individual layers of the masonry extending bracket, whereby according to a further embodiment of the invention according to claim 2, the innovation consists essentially in that to produce a bond between pressure and / or tension zones of the composite lintel, in which the pressure-bearing stones of Runner layer above the reinforcement form an anchoring system that stops the stones of the grenadier layer attached below the reinforcement, the reinforcement both from parallel, unconnected reinforcement bars and from perpendicular to it stretch, either in the runner layer and / or in the grenadier layer, for example in the form of bow-shaped elements, consists. The brackets led into the runner layer of the facing lintel extend into the neighboring mortar or cement / mortar joint, which is parallel to the longitudinal joint. The bow-shaped elements are perpendicular to the joint plane or the plane in which the parallel longitudinal bars lie. The particular advantage of this reinforcement is that the tensile and / or compressive forces that occur are more evenly directed into the masonry, in particular the veneer lintels (or the grenadiers) are prevented from breaking out of the masonry.

The load is connected across the first layer, with the upper stones under tension. The contacting of the brackets on the longitudinal bars of the reinforcement is essential.

The use of unconnected reinforcement bars to which the brackets are attached is particularly economical. The fact that the arcuate brackets of the brackets have arcuate sections with which the reinforcing bars are partially encompassed, the distance between the reinforcing bars is fixed, specified and can no longer be changed, so that lateral displacement of one or the other reinforcing bar is not possible during assembly. By changing the spacing of the arcuate sections, an adaptation to any spacing size of the reinforcing bars is possible. The spacing of the reinforcing bars is also achieved in that a spacer is clipped onto the reinforcing bars or plate-shaped elements are used as holders, which are provided with openings for receiving the reinforcing bars, and thus also form a spacer.

Further developments of the invention are listed in the subclaims.

The bow-shaped elements used are essentially U-shaped, although a plate-shaped configuration or closed bow can also be used, which makes them ideal for vertical joints in both runners and grenadier layers in order to ensure the greatest possible area between the steel Reinforcement elements and mortar. The bow-shaped elements themselves consist of flat or round steel or other, corrosion-resistant materials.

If the bow-shaped elements can be releasably clamped onto the reinforcing bars, there is the further advantage that the bow-shaped elements can be arranged and moved at any distance from one another and at any desired location. In this way, an individual reinforcement can be created, which is adapted to the actually occurring compressive and tensile forces or stresses.

Further advantages result if the arcuate sections of the bow-shaped elements are matched to the dimensions and shape of the reinforcing bars. A firm, clamp-like hold on the reinforcing bars is then guaranteed. This ensures that the brackets can be easily attached to predetermined locations.

A different length of the bow-shaped elements creates the possibility, for example, of bow-shaped elements of different lengths upwards and / or downwards can be used. A bow-shaped, rod-shaped or strip-shaped element which extends into the runner layer can, if appropriate, also be dimensioned longer, the bow section projecting from the runner layer then simply being bent or folded over.

At least some of the bow-shaped elements preferably extend into the adjacent mortar or cement-mortar joint lying parallel to the longitudinal joint. This means a length of the bow-shaped element that corresponds to the height of a stone plus the joint width.

For better anchoring, the reinforcement bars consist of ribbed steel bars or of profiled or lattice-shaped strips.

It is often necessary to provide a special seal, especially in the case of facing falls. According to a further embodiment of the invention, lintel waterproofing membranes are provided, which are integrated at one end in the mortar or cement / mortar bed and which consist of a film, the end section of which extends in the longitudinal direction of the film web is provided with a connection profile in order to ensure secure anchoring in the mortar bed of the joint between to reach two runners. This connection profiling is used to hold plastic films, in particular made of a chloroprene polymer, as a lintel waterproofing membrane, which drains the water behind the facade, for example above the windows. By means of this connection profile, the film is integrated in the grout in order to achieve a better bond with the mortar. The structure of the facing lintel is not cut by the film. According to one embodiment of the invention, the other free end of the plastic film, which is preferably embedded in a loop, is connected to the lintel lintel elements mechanically or by gluing.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische teilgeschnittene Ansicht eines Verblendsturzes mit Bewehrung,
• Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Mauerwerksbewehrung aus Bewehrungsstäben und aus in diese eingehängten bügelförmigen , oben offenen Elementen,
• Fig. 3 in einer Ansicht von vorn ein bügelförmiges Element,
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch einen Verblendsturz mit eingelassener Bewehrung und mit eingebauter Sturzdichtungsbahn aus einer Folie mit einem in die Mörtelfuge eingreifenden Endabschnitt mit einer Verbundprofilierung,
• Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt durch einen Verblendsturz mit eingebauter Sturzdichtungsbahn aus einer Folie mit einer aus einem Rundstab bestehenden Verbundprofilierung,
• Fig. 6 in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einem schlaufenförmigen Endabschnitt mit einem eingeschobenen Rundstab als Verbundprofilierung,
• Fig. 7 in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit aufgelegtem und mit der Folie verbundenen Rundstab als Verbundprofilierung,
• Fig. 8 in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einer aus einer Lochung bestehenden Verbundprofilierung,
• Fig. 9 in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einem auf die Folie aufgelegten und mit dieser verbundenen Gewebezuschnitt als Verbundprofilierung,
• Fig.10 in einer Draufsicht den Endabschnitt der folienartigen Sturzdichtungsbahn mit einem mit der Folie verbundenen Gewebezuschnitt als Verbundprofilierung,
• Fig.11 in einer Seitenansicht zwei miteinander kuppelbare Bewehrungsstäbe,
• Fig.12 in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht einen zwei Bewehrungsstäbe clipartig umgreifenden Abstandshalter,
• Fig.13 in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht ein als Halterung dienendes plattenförmiges Element mit zwei Bewehrungsstäbe aufnehmenden Durchbrechungen,
• Fig.14 in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht ein als Halterung dienendes plattenförmiges Element mit zwei Bewehrungsstäbe aufnehmenden Durchbrechungen mit Längsschlitzen zum Einführen der Bewehrungsstäbe in die Durchbrechungen,
• Fig.15 in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht ein als Halterung dienendes rechteckförmiges plattenförmiges Element mit zwei in seitliche Ausnehmungen des plattenförmigen Elementes eingelegten Bewehrungsstäben,
• Fig.16 in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht ein als Halterung dienendes plattenförmiges Element mit einer Durchbrechung zur Aufnahme eines Bewehrungsstabes,
• Fig.17 in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht einen Bewehrungsstab mit einem eingehängten, schlaufenförmig ausgebildeten Bügel,
• Fig.18 in einer schaubildlichen Ansicht zwei Bewehrungsstäbe mit einem eingehängten, schlaufenförmigen Bügel,
• Fig.19a in einer Seitenansicht einen in einen Bewehrungsstab einhängbaren Stab als Halterung,
• Fig.19b in einer Seitenansicht einen in einen Bewehrungsstab einhängbaren, hakenförmig ausgebildeten Stab,
• Fig.20 teils in einer Seitenansicht, teils in einem senkrechten Schnitt ein in zwei Bewehrungsstäbe eingehängtes, bügelförmiges Element mit einem oberen, V-förmig eingezogenen Steg, und
• Fig.21 in einer Seitenansicht einen in der Längsfuge von zwei Steinschichten eingelegten Bewehrungsstab mit abgewinkelten, sich in eine senkrechte Fuge erstreckenden Endabschnitt.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. Show it

• 1 is a perspective partially sectioned view of a facing lintel with reinforcement,
• 2 is a perspective view of the masonry reinforcement made of reinforcing bars and of bow-shaped elements which are suspended at the top and are open at the top,
• 3 shows a bow-shaped element in a view from the front,
• 4 shows a cross section through a facing lintel with embedded reinforcement and with a built-in lintel sealing membrane made of a film with an end section engaging in the mortar joint with a composite profile,
• 5 shows a cross section through a facing lintel with built-in lintel sealing membrane made of a film with a composite profile consisting of a round bar,
• 6 shows a top view of the end section of the film-like lintel sealing membrane with a loop-shaped end section with an inserted round rod as composite profiling,
• Fig. 7 is a plan view of the end portion of the film Lintel waterproofing membrane with a round bar attached and connected to the film as composite profiling,
• 8 is a top view of the end section of the film-like lintel sealing membrane with a composite profile consisting of a perforation,
• 9 shows a top view of the end section of the film-like lintel sealing membrane with a fabric cut placed on the film and connected to it as a composite profile,
• 10 shows a top view of the end section of the film-like lintel sealing membrane with a fabric cut connected to the film as composite profiling,
• 11 shows a side view of two reinforcement bars that can be coupled together,
• 12 shows a diagrammatic view of a spacer encompassing two reinforcing bars in a clip-like manner,
• 13 shows a diagrammatic view of a plate-shaped element which serves as a holder and has openings for receiving two reinforcing bars,
• 14 shows a diagrammatic view of a plate-shaped element serving as a holder with two reinforcement bars with openings with longitudinal slots for inserting the reinforcement bars into the openings,
• 15 shows a perspective view of a rectangular plate-shaped element serving as a holder with two reinforcement bars inserted in lateral recesses of the plate-shaped element,
• 16 is a perspective view of a plate-shaped element serving as a holder with an opening for receiving a reinforcing bar,
• 17 is a perspective view of a reinforcement bar with a suspended, loop-shaped bracket,
• 18 shows a diagrammatic view of two reinforcement bars with a suspended, loop-shaped bracket,
• 19a shows a side view of a rod which can be suspended in a reinforcement bar as a holder,
• 19b shows a side view of a hook-shaped rod that can be hooked into a reinforcement bar,
• Fig. 20 partly in a side view, partly in a vertical section, a bow-shaped element suspended in two reinforcement bars with an upper, V-shaped web, and
• 21 shows a side view of a reinforcing bar inserted in the longitudinal joint of two stone layers with angled end section extending into a vertical joint.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the masonry reinforcement 100 that can be built into a lintel 250 designed as a finished component consists of reinforcement bars running in parallel 10.11. The reinforcing bars 10, 11 have, for example, a diameter d of, for example, 4 mm. This diameter corresponds to the diameter of brackets 300 suspended in the reinforcement bars 10, 11, which are designed as open or closed bow-shaped elements 13 or plate-shaped or bar-shaped and preferably have a U-shape. However, the diameters can also be selected to be of different sizes. In the assembled state, the bow-shaped elements 13 are perpendicular to the plane determined by the reinforcing bars 10, 11 and can have the same or different heights h, depending on whether they are used for the grenadiers, ie for the rolling layer, or for the runner layer of the lintel lintel independent component to be used (Fig. 1 and 2).

The reinforcement 100 consists of a reinforcement bar or of at least two individual reinforcement bars 10, 11 running in parallel and of individual reinforcement bars 10, 11 arranged perpendicularly thereto, contacting the reinforcement bars 10, 11 and keeping them at a distance from one another, into the mortar joints of the grenadier layer and / or of the runner layer extending brackets 300, which can also be designed as closed brackets, each of these brackets 300 of the bow-shaped element 13 with upper, the reinforcing bars 10, 11 in sections encompassing and spacing arcuate sections 13a, 13b and a lower, is formed in the mortar joint of the grenadier layer and / or the runner layer extending section 13c.

The configuration of the bow-shaped elements 13 according to FIG. 3 is such that each bow-shaped element open on the underside has two upper, arch-shaped, preferably semicircular, sections 13a, 13b, which encompass the reinforcing bars 10, 11 and which have a web 13d are connected to one another, the arcuate sections 13a, 13b advantageously lying above the horizontal plane formed by the web 13d. However, other embodiments are also possible. These arcuate sections 13a, 13b of the bow-shaped element 13 merge with their free ends into legs 13e, 13f extending perpendicularly to the web 13d, so that a U-shaped element 13 is obtained which in its upper region has ear-like sections 13a, 13b is provided.

The length of the web 13d connecting the arcuate sections 13a, 13b of the bow-shaped element 13 to one another is variable. For this purpose, the web 13d is formed in two or more parts. A rod section can then be pushed into or pulled out of the other rod section, with a locking of the rod sections, e.g. by means of locking devices, can be determined in the length set in each case. The bow-shaped element 13 preferably consists of a round profile. However, other cross-sectional profiles can also be used.

The arcuate sections 13a, 13b of the bow-shaped element 13 have a shape which corresponds to the shape and the cross section of each reinforcing bar 10, 11. The legs 13e, 13f of the bow-shaped element 13 end at the ends in converging bends or arcuate sections 13e ', 13f'. Because of this design, the brackets are held firmly in the mortar bed of the joints between two stones, other profile configurations for the bow-shaped element also being possible.

The arcuate sections 13a, 13b of the bow-shaped element 13 have a shape that is based on the Reinforcing bar diameter d is matched. In the assembled state, the arcuate sections 13a, 13b of the bow-shaped element 13 overlap the two reinforcing bars 10, 11 so that the brackets are held on the reinforcing bars by means of a clamp fit.

1 and 4 show typical facing lintels with runners 15 and grenadiers 16. The pair of reinforcement bars 10, 11 are embedded in a mortar layer 17 which lies between the grenadiers 16 and the runners 15 lying above them. However, the reinforcement used here is not limited to a pair of reinforcing bars 10, 11. There is also the possibility of using more than two reinforcing bars, wherein the bracket made of the bow-shaped element 13, for example in the case of three reinforcing bars, can be attached to the first and second reinforcing bars, while further brackets are attached to the second and third reinforcing bars.

In the vertical joints between the grenadiers 16 at a distance c, thus delimiting three grenadiers 16 in each case, the longer bow-shaped elements 13 projecting downward, while in the vertical joints between each runner block projecting bow-shaped elements 13. The upwardly protruding bow-shaped elements 13 extend into the nearest mortar layer 18 between two runners, where they adjoin a lintel sealing membrane made of a film 20, which is embedded with its one end section in the mortar of the joint 18 between two rotor layers and by means of a connection profile with the Mortar the joint 18 is connected by anchoring. The film layer can be embedded in a wide variety of horizontal mortar joints according to the respective requirements will. The film 20 is only integrated into the mortar bed of the joint with a short film end section which preferably has a width which corresponds to a third or a quarter of the joint depth. The film 20 serves as a lintel sealing membrane and drains the water behind the facade above the windows. The free end of the film 21 is mechanically attached or glued to the ceiling. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, the length e of a grenadier 16 is greater than the height h of a bow-shaped element 13, while the shorter bow-shaped elements 13 projecting upwards can also have a height which is greater than the height of the narrow side of a Runner. A tour can also take place through several stone layers.

Due to the displaceability of the bow-shaped elements 13 on the reinforcing bars 10, 11, there is no binding to predetermined joints. The butt joints of the stones can be arranged as desired since the bow-shaped elements 13 can be aligned with the position of the butt joints.

To anchor the film 20, this connection profiling can be designed in a wide variety of ways. The task of the connection profiling is to anchor the film 20 in the mortar of the joint 18, the film 20 only engaging with a short section in the mortar of the joint 18 in order not to impair the bond between the two runner layers.

According to Figure 4, the connection profile consists of an angle profile 19, which is connected with one leg to the film 20, while the other leg engages in the mortar of the joint 18. The angle profile 19, which can also be provided with a perforation, is made made of plastic or another corrosion-resistant material.

As a connection profile, the end of the film 20 can be connected to a round rod 121 running in the film longitudinal direction, which is connected to the film 20 in the film end section 20a (FIG. 5). The round rod 121, which can also have a different cross-sectional profile, is pushed through a loop 20b formed on the film end section 20a, which is obtained by the double-layered nature of the film end section 20a, with the round rod 121 being easier to push into the loop 20b or into the space between the two the area of the double-layered film web sections lying one above the other can be provided with recesses 20c arranged at intervals from one another (FIG. 6). According to a further embodiment according to FIG. 7, the round rod 121 is placed on the film end section 20a and glued or welded to the film, the round rod being made of plastic or a suitable corrosion-resistant material.

According to FIG. 8, the end section 20a of the film 20 is provided with a perforation 122. The foil itself consists of plastic or another suitable foil-like material, it also being possible to use metal foil. Sandwich films made of a plastic film and a metal film can also be used.

In order to achieve a better hold of the film in the mortar of the joint 18, according to FIG. 9, a blank 123 made of a fabric or a nonwoven fabric can be placed on the end portion 20a of the foil, this blank 123 being glued or welded to the foil 20. It also exists 10, the possibility of connecting a blank 123a made of a fabric or a nonwoven fabric to the end portions 20a of the foil 20 and connecting it to the foil 20, this blank 123a then being anchored in the mortar of the joint 18 when the lintel sealing membrane is attached. Wide-mesh fabrics and coarsely structured nonwovens are advantageously used in order to achieve a good bond with the mortar of the joint 18.

The brackets suspended in the reinforcement bars 10, 11 of the reinforcement 100 are designed in the form of a bow in accordance with the embodiment described above. These brackets can be attached to the reinforcing bars so that brackets only engage in the joints of the runner layer or only in the joints of the grenadier layer, i.e. the reinforcing bars 10, 11 carry only upwardly extending brackets or only downwardly extending brackets, so that anchoring in the tension zone or in the pressure zone is possible, wherein brackets can also be used which extend both upwards and downwards and are thus anchored in the tension zone and in the pressure zone.

The previously described configurations of the brackets 300 have in common that the bow-shaped elements 13 are designed to be open at the end facing away from the curved sections 13a, 13b, so that the brackets can be pushed onto the reinforcing bars 10, 11, for example, from above, so that they can be pushed into the bow-shaped sections Sections 13a, 13b can intervene. Furthermore, these arcuate sections 13a, 13b of the bow-shaped element 13 can be designed clip-like, so that the reinforcing bars 10, 11 into them can snap into place. The rod regions of the bow-shaped element 13 which form and delimit the arcuate sections 13a, 13b are then designed to be resiliently elastic. In order to achieve a clip-like effect, the arcuate sections 13a, 13b are guided over the semicircular circumference of the reinforcing bars 10, 11, as is indicated in FIG. 3 at 10 ', 11'.

The bow-shaped elements 13 can also consist of flat wire. The web 13d connecting the arcuate sections 13a, 13b can be straight or arcuate, as indicated in FIG. 3 at 13d '. The regions between the ends of the bent sections of the legs 13e, 13f can also be designed with full walls or as grid-like surfaces or perforated plate-like, which is indicated in FIG. 3 at 13e ', 13f'.

While the reinforcement bars must be welded to one another via cross bars when using clamps, in order to prevent the legs of the clamp brackets, which are under pressure, from pressing the reinforcement bars apart when they are not welded to one another, the use of individual reinforcement bars 10 with the reinforcement 100 , 11 possible because the special design of the bow-shaped elements 13 used means that the reinforcing bars are positioned and held immovably at the predetermined distance.

The legs 13e, 13f of the bow-shaped element 13 end at the ends in tapering or extending outward bends or arcuate sections 13e ', 13f'. The brackets 300 consist of a round profile or flat profile; you can also get one have a different geometric cross-sectional profile.

Each reinforcing bar 10, 11 has coupling elements 101, 102 for the extension of the bar at its free ends 10a, 10b for connecting further reinforcing bars (FIG. 11). According to a preferred embodiment, these coupling elements 101, 102 of the reinforcing bars 10, 11 consist of threaded bores and threaded pins; there is also the possibility of designing the coupling elements 101, 102 of the reinforcing bars 10, 11 as plug connections.

The spacing of the reinforcing bars 10, 11 is carried out according to a further embodiment by means of a spacer 200 made of a web 201 made of a metallic material or a plastic. This web 201 is provided with two clip-like receptacles 202, 202 'formed at a distance from one another in the web, which overlap sections of the reinforcing bars 10, 11 in the assembled state. When the spacer 200 is placed on the two reinforcing bars 10, 11, they are clipped into the receptacles 202, 202 '(FIG. 12). Rod-shaped elements 301, 301 'can also be suspended as a holder 300 in the reinforcement bars 10, 11 thus kept at a distance by means of the spacer 200, as shown in FIGS. 19a and 19b. The rod-shaped element 301 has a wave-shaped or differently shaped profile at its free end, while the rod-shaped element 301 'is hook-shaped at its free end. Both rod-shaped elements 301, 301 'have arcuate sections at their upper ends, so that the rod-shaped elements can be hooked into the reinforcement rods 10, 11. Different-shaped bow-shaped elements can also be inserted into the reinforcing bars 10, 11 be hooked in when they are connected to one another by means of the spacer 200.

According to a further embodiment according to FIG. 13, the holder 300 to be fastened to the reinforcing bars 10, 11 consists of a plate-shaped element with at least one, preferably two openings 113a, 113b formed in the upper region for passing reinforcing bars 10, 11. The distance between the two openings 113a, 113b specifies the distance between the reinforcing bars 10, 11. The upper region of this plate-shaped element 113 thus forms the spacer 200 with the two openings 113a, 113b. However, there is also the possibility of providing a plurality of openings lying next to one another in the upper region of the plate-shaped element 113, so that there is the possibility of spacing the reinforcement bars 10,11 to be able to adapt to the respective requirements.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 14, the holder 300 consists of a plate-shaped element 113 'with two openings 113a, 113b formed in the upper region for the passage of the reinforcing bars 10, 11. The openings 113a, 113b are adjoined by longitudinal slots 114a, 114b, which extend over the length of the plate-shaped element 113 and have a width which is slightly less than the diameter of the reinforcing bars 10, 11. By forming longitudinal slots 114a, 114b in the plate-shaped element 113, outer, preferably narrow legs 115a, 115b are formed which are resiliently elastic and thus allow the reinforcing bars 10, 11 to be inserted into the longitudinal slots 114a, 114b in order to reinforce the reinforcing bars in the openings 113a, 113b bring to. The openings 113a, 113b formed in the plate-shaped elements 113, 113 'are dimensioned such that an effortless passage of the reinforcing bars 10, 11 is ensured. Also in this embodiment of the plate-shaped element 113 'according to FIG. 14, the distance between the two reinforcing bars 10, 11 is predetermined by the distance between the two openings 113a, 113b. The openings 113a, 113b formed in the upper region of the plate-shaped element 113 'virtually form the spacer 200 for the two reinforcing bars.

However, it is also possible to provide a plate-shaped element 113 'with only one opening 113a for a reinforcement bar 10 or 11 (FIG. 16). This plate-shaped element 113 ″, like the plate-shaped element 113 (FIG. 13), is also pushed onto the reinforcing bar 10 or 11. The plate-shaped element 113 ″ preferably does not have a large width, so that it is possible to push two plate-shaped elements 113 ″ onto the reinforcement bars and arrange them next to one another when laying two reinforcement bars 10, 11. An offset arrangement of the plate-shaped elements 113 ″ on two reinforcing bars 10, 11 is also possible.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the holder 300 consists of a plate-shaped, approximately rectangular element 113 ''', the longitudinal side edges 116a, 116b of which in the upper element region have two opposing arcuate recesses 117a, 117b for receiving the reinforcing bars 10, 11 which grasp the reinforcement bars 10, 11 in sections and in clips. The advantage of this configuration of the plate-shaped element 113 '''is that these elements are used in the manufacture of masonry can be used in the vertical mortar joints. Then the reinforcing bars 10, 11 are then clipped into the recesses 117a, 117b of the plate-shaped element 113 ''', so that the reinforcing bars come to rest in the horizontal mortar joint. The length of the plate-shaped element and the arrangement of the recesses 117a, 117b in the longitudinal side edges 116a, 116b of the element 113 '''is such that when the element 113''' is inserted into a vertical mortar joint, the reinforcing bars 10 then clipped into the element 11 come to rest in the horizontal mortar joint.

According to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 17 and 18, the holder 300, which is fastened to one or two or more reinforcement bars, can consist of a loop-shaped element 119 or 119 'which is designed in the form of a loop or an arc of a triangle. When mounted on only one reinforcing bar, the bow-shaped element 119 is hooked in with its narrower end 119a (FIG. 17), whereas when using two reinforcement bars, the bow-shaped element 119 'is hooked in or after with its wider end 119b in the two bars Once the bow-shaped elements 119, 119 'have been installed and inserted into vertical mortar joints, the reinforcement bars are pushed through these bow-shaped elements, in the upper region thereof, the design of these bow-shaped elements being dimensioned with respect to their length such that the upper region in the support area the reinforcing bars come to rest on the brick layer.

While the embodiments according to FIGS. 17 and 18 are closed, bow-shaped elements 119, 119 'which are loop-shaped, this is bow-shaped element 13 is open on one side and has, in its upper area, arcuate sections 13a, 13b which grip around the reinforcing bars 10, 11 in a clip-like manner. The web 13d connecting the two arcuate sections 13a, 13b can, according to one embodiment, be designed to run in a straight line, as shown in FIG. However, there is also the possibility of making this web 13d V-shaped or wedge-shaped as a retracted element (FIG. 20). Such a bow-shaped element, the web sections 13d ', 13d''of which are resilient, is mortared in with reinforcement during the manufacture of the masonry. When the mortar has hardened, the resilient effect is eliminated, so that known brackets, such as upper brackets, can then be snapped into the reinforcing bars. It is particularly advantageous if support structures are arranged between the reinforcing bars 10, 11. The web sections 13d ', 13d''bring about a horizontal pressure on the reinforcing bars 10, 11 due to the existing resilience, so that these are securely held on the supporting structure used (FIG. 20).

Instead of one or more reinforcing bars 10, 11, strips or strips made of metallic materials or plastics can be used. The longitudinal edges of these strips or strips can be provided with bead-like reinforcements, into which the spacing areas of the holders used then engage in a clip-like manner. However, other mounting options for the holders are also possible on strips or tapes, it being particularly advantageous if these strips or tapes are designed in the form of a grid or as perforated strips.

An additional anchoring of the reinforcing bars 10, 11 in masonry, the ends of the reinforcing bars can be bent at right angles, in a length that allows an arrangement of this angled section 10e in a vertical mortar joint of the masonry (Fig. 21).

Claims (40)

Masonry reinforcement for the stiffening of masonry or lintels over windows or door openings, in particular for a facing lintel made of masonry with runner layers and with a runner or genadic layer underneath, the reinforcement being embedded in the joints in the masonry mortar, characterized in that the masonry reinforcement (100 ) from a reinforcement bar or from at least two individual reinforcement bars (10, 11) running parallel to one another, at least one spacer (200) connecting the reinforcement bars and keeping them at a distance, and at least one arranged perpendicular to the reinforcement bars (10, 11) in the mortar joints of the individual layers of the masonry extending bracket (300). Masonry reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that for the production of a bond between pressure and / or tensile zones of the composite lintel, in which the pressure-bearing stones of the runner layer (15) above the reinforcement (100) form an anchoring system, which underneath the reinforcement (100) attached stones of the grenadier layer (16) stops, the reinforcement (100) from a reinforcement bar or from at least two parallel, unconnected reinforcement bars (10, 11) and from individual vertically arranged, with the reinforcement bars (10, 11 ) contacting and holding them at a distance from each other and connecting the reinforcing bars at the same time, extending into the mortar joints of the grenadier layer and / or the runner layer, each of these brackets from a plate-shaped or bow-shaped element (13; 113) with the reinforcing bars (10, 11) partially or completely encompassing and defining their spacing, arcuate sections or perforations (13a, 13b; 113a, 113b) and a lower one, which is in the mortar joint Grenadier layer and / or the portion (13c) extending the rotor layer is formed. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the holder (300) consists of a bow-shaped element (13) with upper, the spacer (200) which surrounds the reinforcing bars (10, 11) in sections and defines their spacing. forming sections (13a, 13b), which are connected to one another via a web (13d), the arcuate sections (13a, 13b) merging into legs (13e, 13f) running perpendicular to the web (13d). Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the length of the web (13d) connecting the arcuate sections (13a, 13b) to one another is variable. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the legs (13e, 13f) of the bow-shaped element (13) end at the ends in mutually tapering or outwardly extending bends or arcuate sections (13e ', 13f'). Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the brackets (300) a round profile, flat profile or have another geometric cross-sectional profile. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the arcuate sections (13a, 13b) of the bow-shaped element (13) have a shape which corresponds to the shape and cross section of the reinforcing bars (10, 11). Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the holders (300), such as bow-shaped or plate-shaped elements, which are guided into the runner layer (15) of the facing lintel extend into the adjacent or adjacent mortar lying parallel to the longitudinal joint (17) - Or cement / mortar joints (18) extend. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bow-shaped elements (13) are essentially U-shaped or V-shaped. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the holders (300) are detachably and displaceably held on the reinforcing bars (10, 11). Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the arcuate sections (13a, 13b) of the bow-shaped element (13) have a shape which is matched to the reinforcement bar diameter (d). Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the arcuate sections (13a, 13b) of the bow-shaped element (13) have a shape by means of which the brackets (300) are held on the reinforcing bars (10, 11) by means of a clamp fit. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the brackets (300) are of different lengths. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the reinforcing bars (10, 11) and / or the brackets (300) consist of a corrosion-resistant material or are plastic-coated. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that each reinforcing bar (10; 11) for rod extension has coupling elements (101, 102) at its free end (10a, 10b) for the connection of a further reinforcing bar. Masonry reinforcement according to claim 15, characterized in that the coupling elements (101, 102) of the reinforcing bars (10, 11) consist of threaded bores and threaded pins. Masonry reinforcement according to claim 15, characterized in that the coupling elements (101, 102) of the reinforcing bars (10, 11) are designed as plug connections. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the spacer (200) consists of a web (201) made of a metallic material or a plastic with two clip-like receptacles (202, 202 ') formed at a distance from one another in the web (201), which encompass sections of the reinforcement bars (10, 11). Masonry reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that the holder (300) consists of a plate-shaped element (113) with at least one, preferably two, openings (113a, 113b) formed in the upper area for passing the reinforcing bars (10, 11), whereby the distance between the two openings (113a, 113b) specifies the distance between the reinforcing bars (10, 11) and the upper area of the plate-shaped element (113) with the two openings (113a, 113b) forms the spacer (200). Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the holder (300) is on a plate-shaped element (113 ') with two openings (113a, 113b) formed in the upper area for passing the reinforcement bars (10, 11), whereby connect to the openings (113a, 113b) longitudinal slots (114a, 114b), which extend over the length of the plate-shaped element (113 ') and have a width which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the reinforcing bars (10, 11), and that the outer legs (115a, 115b) formed in the plate-shaped element (113 ') by the formation of the longitudinal slots (114a, 114b) are resiliently elastic, wherein the distance between the two openings (113a, 113b) specifies the distance between the reinforcing bars (10, 11) and the upper area of the plate-shaped element (113) with the two openings (113a, 113b) forms the spacer (200). Masonry reinforcement according to claim 19a, characterized in that the plate-shaped element (113 '') is provided with an opening (113a) for a reinforcement bar (10; 11), Masonry reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that the holder (300) consists of a plate-shaped, approximately rectangular element (113 ''), the longitudinal side edges (116a, 116b) of which in the upper element area have two opposing, arcuate recesses (117a, 117b) Have receptacle of the reinforcing bars (10, 11), which grip around the reinforcing bars (10, 11) in sections and in a clip-like manner. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the holder (300) is loop-shaped or triangular in shape. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the segment (13d) of the bow-shaped element (13) is drawn in in a V-shape or wedge shape. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the facing lintel has a lintel sealing membrane made of a film (20) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the lintel sealing membrane End section (20a) is embedded with a short area in the mortar bed of the joint (18) between two runner layers and anchored to the mortar of the joint (18). Masonry reinforcement according to claim 25, characterized in that the end section (20a) of the film (20) is provided with a connection profile for anchoring in the grout. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 25 and 26, characterized in that the connecting profile consists of an angle profile (19) which is connected to the film (20) with one leg and is embedded in the mortar bed of the joint (18) with its other leg . Masonry reinforcement according to claim 27, characterized in that the angle profile (19) is provided with a perforation in its legs. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 25 and 26, characterized in that the connection profiling consists of a round rod (121) running in the longitudinal direction of the film web, which is connected to the film (20) at the end section (20a) thereof. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 25 and 26, characterized in that the connecting profile consists of a perforation (122) in the end section (20a) of the film (20). Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 25 and 26, characterized in that the connection profiling consists of a blank (123) placed on the end section (20a) of the film (20) and connected to the film (20) and made of a woven or non-woven material. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 25 and 26, characterized in that the connection profile consists of a blank (123a) connected to the foil end section (20a) and made of a woven or non-woven material. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 25 to 32, characterized in that the other free end (21) of the preferably loop-shaped embedded plastic film (20) is mechanically connected to the facing lintel elements by gluing. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 25 to 33, characterized in that the film (20) consists of a plastic or another suitable material. Masonry reinforcement according to one of Claims 25 to 34, characterized in that the angle profile (19) and the round profile (121) consist of a plastic or another suitable material. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the arcuate sections (13a, 13b) of the bow-shaped element (13) engage around the reinforcing bars (10, 11) in a clip-like manner. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the web (13d) connecting the arcuate sections (13a, 13b) is rectilinear, arcuate or V-shaped. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the surfaces (13e ', 13f') delimited by the legs (13e, 13f) and by the ends of the legs are designed with full walls or as lattice-shaped surfaces. Masonry reinforcement according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the two reinforcement bars (10, 11) or individual reinforcement bars are replaced by strips or strips of metallic materials or a plastic. Lintel lintel made of masonry with runner layers and with a runner or grenadier layer underneath and with reinforcement embedded in the joints (17) in the masonry mortar, characterized in that the lintel lintel has a reinforcement (100) with a configuration according to one of Claims 1 to 39 .

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