EP0756851B1 - Vascular hole closure - Google Patents
Vascular hole closure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0756851B1 EP0756851B1 EP96112363A EP96112363A EP0756851B1 EP 0756851 B1 EP0756851 B1 EP 0756851B1 EP 96112363 A EP96112363 A EP 96112363A EP 96112363 A EP96112363 A EP 96112363A EP 0756851 B1 EP0756851 B1 EP 0756851B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- clip
- jaws
- puncture
- clip applier
- clips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/128—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord for applying or removing clamps or clips
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/0057—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S227/00—Elongated-member-driving apparatus
- Y10S227/901—Surgical clip appliers
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an instrument and a hole or puncture in a blood vessel. More particularly, this disclosure relates to applying one or more clips to close a hole in a blood vessel after an intravascular catheterization procedure.
- a catheter When performing catheterization procedures, such as angiography or angioplasty, a catheter is generally introduced into the vascular system by first penetrating the skin, underlying muscle tissue and blood vessel with a sharpened hollow needle. Next, a guide wire is commonly inserted through the lumen of the hollow needle and is caused to enter the selected blood vessel. Subsequently, the needle is typically stripped off the guide wire and a combination of a dilator and an introducer (or an introducer alone) are fed over the guide wire and pushed through the skin to enter the vessel. The guide wire can then be removed and the desired catheter to carry out the procedure is fed through the lumen of the introducer and advanced through the vascular system until the working end of the catheter is appropriately positioned. Following the conclusion of the catheterization procedure, the working catheter will be withdrawn and, subsequently, the dilator and/or introducer will also be removed from the wound.
- the vessel puncture must be sealed in order to stem the flow of blood through the puncture. Because it is common practice to administer a blood thinning agent to the patient prior to many of the catheterization procedures, stemming the blood flow can be troublesome. A common method of healing the wound is to maintain external pressure over the vessel until the puncture naturally seals. This method of puncture closure typically takes about thirty minutes, with the length of time usually being greater if the patient is hypertensive or anticoagulated. When human hand pressure is utilized, it can be uncomfortable for the patient and can use costly professional time on the part of the hospital staff. Other pressure techniques, such as pressure bandages, sandbags or clamps, have been employed, but these devices also require the patient to remain motionless for an extended period of time and the patient must be closely monitored to ensure their effectiveness.
- Surgical clips and clip appliers are known have also been used in vascular surgery, particularly to join severed vessels. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,929,240 (Kirsch, et al).
- the clips disclosed in the '240 Patent provide an advantage over suturing by decreasing the likelihood of clotting and vascular damage, particularly in micro-vascular repair procedures. While vascular clips have been successfully used in surgery, the surgical procedures in which the clips are used typically allow the surgeon to view the area to be clipped. In catheter puncture repair procedures, however, the wound is generally not visible, making proper clip application, if attempted, difficult.
- EP 0 637 431 Al describes an apparatus for suturing a perforation in a side wall of a patient's blood vessel.
- This apparatus includes an outer sheath having a longitudinal passage defined therethrough. The outer sheath is adapted to be inserted through the perforation in the patient's blood vessel.
- the apparatus further includes a suture point and a suture thread attached to the suture point
- a carrier device is provided for carrying a suture point in a distal direction through the longitudinal passage of the outer sheath into the patient's blood vessel and for pulling the suture point in a proximal direction through the side wall of the patient's blood vessel.
- the present disclosure provides an instrument and method for closing a puncture in a blood vessel by applying at least one surgical clip to at least a portion of the exterior of the vessel.
- a guide wire passes extracorporeally through the skin, the vessel puncture, and into the blood vessel.
- a tubular structure such as a cannula, is advanced over the guide wire and positioned near or adjacent the exterior of the blood vessel puncture.
- a surgical clip applier is introduced into the cannula, preferably using the guide wire to guide the clip applier to the puncture sight.
- one or more surgical clips can be applied to close the puncture.
- at least one clip is applied prior to removing the guide wire and at least one clip is applied subsequent to guide wire removal.
- the clip applier and cannula can be removed and a topical bandage applied.
- Instrument 10 has proximal handle portion 12, distal clip applying portion 14 and intermediate portion 15 disposed therebetween.
- proximal end of an element is referred to as the end of the element nearest to the surgeon and the distal end of an element is referred to as the element furthest from the surgeon.
- Handle portion 12 has housing portions 16 and 18 which house primary firing button or actuator 20 and secondary firing button or actuator 22.
- Primary firing button 20 includes first cavity 24 having side slots 26a and 26b and second cavity 28 having a distally extending projection 30 disposed therein.
- Projection 30 serves to align and at least partially retain primary button spring 38 between primary firing button 20 and shelf 40, which projects inwardly from housing 18.
- Structure corresponding to shelf 40 can be provided on the inside of housing portion 16 and be positioned to mate with shelf 40 when housing portions 16 and 18 are assembled.
- Spring 38 biases primary firing button 20 proximally.
- latching fingers 32a and 32b are also extending distally from button 20, each having protrusions 34a and 34b at their respective distal ends, the purpose of which will be discussed below. Between latching fingers 32a and 32b is firing channel engagement member 36.
- Secondary firing button 22 has cavity 41 and distally extending projection 42 disposed therein. Projection 42 is similar to projection 30 in the primary firing button and is adapted to engage secondary button spring 44 which is disposed between projection 42 and shelf 46, which projects inwardly from housing 18. Spring 44 biases secondary firing button 22 proximally. Secondary firing button 22 has a pair of distally extending biasing fingers 48a and 48b. Between biasing fingers 48a and 48b is firing channel engagement member 50. Secondary firing button 22 is slidably received within cavity 24 of the primary firing button, wherein side projections 52a and 52b in the secondary button are slidably received in slots 26a and 26b of the primary button.
- button 20 can move relative to button 22, the distal clip applying structures are independently actuable, as will be discussed in greater detail, below.
- firing buttons 20 and 22 are nested between housing portions 16 and 18 and screws 54 and 56 serve to at least partially secure the assembly.
- other means for securing the housing portions can be utilized, such as, for example, glue, welds, friction fittings and the like.
- Firing buttons 20 and 22, as best shown in Figure 1, are positioned on the proximal most portion of the apparatus for accessibility to the user.
- primary firing button 20 has a substantially planar outer surface and secondary firing button 22 has a concave surface.
- Each of the buttons are configured to be pressed inwardly towards housing portions 16, 18 to fire the clips in the manner discussed below.
- other actuator configurations in alternate locations are contemplated.
- a single firing button having different stages of firing along a common stroke path can be used.
- trigger mechanisms or gas-powered mechanisms can be provided as is known in the art.
- firing channels 62 and 64 which house clip bars 66 and 68, respectively.
- the proximal end portions of the firing channels have windows 70 and 72 which are configured to receive the distal ends of firing channel engagement members 36 and 50.
- Jaws 88 extend distally from clip bar 68 while jaws 90 and 92 extend distally from clip bar 66.
- each set of jaws are disposed distal of the firing channel distal ends. Therefore, by depressing the firing buttons and causing the firing channels to move distally, the jaws are cammed inwardly, resulting in clip closure (discussed in greater detail below).
- the firing channels also have intermediate slots 74 and 76 which permit the channels to slide relative to pins 58 and 60 during operation.
- Clip bars 66 and 68 have apertures 78, 80, 82 and 84 to receive pins 58 and 60 therethrough to thereby mount the bars 66, 68 to housing portions 16, 18.
- pins 58 and 60 prevent distal/proximal movement of the clip bars while firing channels 62 and 64 slide thereover to fire clips.
- the distal end of clip bar 68 has a single pair of jaws 88 configured to retain and apply one surgical clip, while the distal end of clip bar 66 has two pairs of jaws, 90 and 92, each configured to retain and apply a surgical clip.
- Jaw 92 is preferably positioned on top of jaw 90 while jaw spacer 89 is provided to separate jaws 88 from jaws 90 and 92. Jaws 88, 90 and 92 are preferably disposed at a common angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of clip applier 10.
- Figure 3a also illustrates the distal end of firing channel 62 having tubular guide wire guide member 94 secured thereto.
- Guide member 94 is configured to receive a guidewire to facilitate placement of the instrument at the desired surgical site and is preferably a hollow structure constructed from one or more pieces.
- guide member 94 is shown in two parts, part 94a being disposed along the firing channel and part 94b being positioned to over hang the jaw structure.
- Guide member 94 is preferably secured by welding, however, other suitable securement methods can be used. The function of guide 94 is discussed in greater detail below.
- Surgical clip 242 is designed for application by clip applier 10 and is formed of a unitary piece of biologically acceptable, plastically deformable material such as a noble metal (i.e., gold, silver, platinum, titanium, etc.). While metal clips are presently preferred, it is contemplated that other materials, such as suitable polymer plastics, can be used.
- the material, preferably titanium, is sufficiently ductile or plastically deformable so that when the clip is crimped, there is minimal spring-back.
- the clip is designed to apply constant force to tissue, regardless of tissue thickness, without penetration. However, clips that penetrate tissue can also be utilized.
- Clip 242 includes a pair of inwardly curved arms 202 and 204 interconnected by a bridge portion 206.
- the two arms extend generally perpendicular to bridge portion 206 and terminate at tips 210 and 212 which are rounded to prevent injury to the subject tissue.
- the bridge portion 206 includes a pair of optional grooves 208 which are useful for receiving an advancing/pushing bar if an array of clips are to be stored and sequentially applied.
- Clip slots 91 (Fig. 3a) in jaws 88, 90 and 92 are configured to receive arms 202 and 204 of clips 242.
- the clip can be sized according to the particular end use, but it is generally a size suitable for micro-surgical applications in both non-endoscopic and endoscopic procedures.
- instrument 10 The operation of instrument 10 is generally shown in Figs. 5-11. As shown in Figs. 5 and 9, the first clip is applied by depressing primary firing button 20, in the direction of Arrow A. Depression of button 20 causes firing channel 64 to slide distally (Arrow B) over stationary clip bar 68 (Fig. 3), causing jaws 88 to cam inwardly as the distal end of channel 64 contacts camming surface 93 of the jaws (Fig. 3a). As the jaws cam inwardly, the clip held therein (Arrow B') is formed. As shown in Fig. 5, secondary firing button 22 remains stationary as primary firing button 20 is depressed. When button 20 is completely depressed, protrusions 34a and 34b of latching fingers 32a and 32b catch on ledge member 96 in handle portion 12.
- button 20 and firing channel 64 are held in the distal position, thereby maintaining jaws 88 in the closed position.
- jaws 90 and 92 are closed by depressing secondary firing button 22 (Arrow C) which causes firing channel to move distally (Arrow D) over stationary clip bar 66, further causing both jaws 90 and 92 to form the clips held therein (Arrow D') .
- biasing fingers 48a and 48b contact latching fingers 32a and 32b and release the fingers from ledge 96, thereby freeing button 20.
- springs 38 and 44 bias buttons 20 and 22, respectively, in the proximal direction. Proximal movement of the buttons also cause firing channels 62 and 64 to move proximally. With the firing channels in the proximal position, jaws 88, 90 and 92 resiliently spring open to release the deformed clips.
- FIG. 7-11 A preferred method of closing a hole in a blood vessel is shown in Figs. 7-11.
- a blood vessel or artery 100 such as the femoral artery, is shown disposed below skin 102 of a patient.
- Vessel 100 is shown subsequent to a catheterization procedure, i.e., a puncture 106 has been created in vessel 100.
- Guide wire 104 passes through skin 102 and enters artery 100 at puncture sight 106. If the guide wire was removed during the catherization procedure, it is preferably reinserted to perform the clipping procedure.
- Other structures for aiding in locating the clip applier can be used.
- FIG. 7 Shown in Figure 7 is tube or cannula 108 disposed in skin layer 102 and abutting vessel 100. Cannula 108 aids in accessing vessel 100.
- Arrow E depicts clip applier 10 being advanced through cannula 108 in a distal direction, towards puncture sight 106.
- guide members 94a and 94b receive guide wire 104 therethrough.
- the distal portion of cannula 108 is at least partially disposed adjacent vessel 10 and clip applier 10 has been advanced so that the distal end 14 is disposed in a desired orientation adjacent puncture 106.
- a first clip is applied from jaws 88 by depressing primary firing button 20 in the direction of Arrow A (Fig. 9).
- button 20 is completely depressed, button 20 and firing channel 64 are held in the distal position, thereby maintaining jaws 88 in the closed position.
- guide wire 104 can be removed (Arrow F) from the surgical site. Because jaws 88 are closed and maintain clamping pressure on vessel 100, the orientation of clip applier 10 and vessel 100 is generally maintained and the guide wire is no longer necessary for alignment. Removal of guide wire 104 allows the vessel to further naturally close. For example, flap 130 in blood vessel 100 is no longer biased away from the vessel wall by guide wire 104 and, therefore, flap 130 can advantageously shift to a position more suitable to closure by jaws 90 and 92. As shown in Fig. 11, second and third clips can now be applied substantially simultaneously by jaws 90 and 92, thereby completing the hole closure procedure, by depressing button 22 as described above. The clips are placed adjacent the first clip applied by jaws 88.
- buttons 20 and 22 move proximally, thereby allowing jaws 88, 90 and 92 to open and release the clips and vessel.
- clip applier 10 and cannula 18 can be removed from the surgical site.
- a topical bandage or other structure can then be applied to the exterior of skin 102, if desired.
- the present method and device can be used not only with catheterization procedures but other medical procedures where it is desirable to seal an incision or puncture in patient's blood vessel or artery.
- surgical clips as set forth in the present disclosure, the need to apply pressure to the wound site for an extended period of time is unnecessary.
- the clip or clips are applied externally to the vessel, the danger of foreign matter entering the circulatory system is essentially eliminated.
- the present invention makes the following surgical method possible:
- the present invention allows for a surgical method comprising:
- each clip or clips to be applied can be affixed to the vessel prior to removal of the guide wire.
- Cannula or tube 108 is also optional to the procedure, but is useful for aiding in the insertion and withdrawal of the clip applier.
Description
- The present disclosure relates to an instrument and a hole or puncture in a blood vessel. More particularly, this disclosure relates to applying one or more clips to close a hole in a blood vessel after an intravascular catheterization procedure.
- When performing catheterization procedures, such as angiography or angioplasty, a catheter is generally introduced into the vascular system by first penetrating the skin, underlying muscle tissue and blood vessel with a sharpened hollow needle. Next, a guide wire is commonly inserted through the lumen of the hollow needle and is caused to enter the selected blood vessel. Subsequently, the needle is typically stripped off the guide wire and a combination of a dilator and an introducer (or an introducer alone) are fed over the guide wire and pushed through the skin to enter the vessel. The guide wire can then be removed and the desired catheter to carry out the procedure is fed through the lumen of the introducer and advanced through the vascular system until the working end of the catheter is appropriately positioned. Following the conclusion of the catheterization procedure, the working catheter will be withdrawn and, subsequently, the dilator and/or introducer will also be removed from the wound.
- At this point in the procedure, the vessel puncture must be sealed in order to stem the flow of blood through the puncture. Because it is common practice to administer a blood thinning agent to the patient prior to many of the catheterization procedures, stemming the blood flow can be troublesome. A common method of healing the wound is to maintain external pressure over the vessel until the puncture naturally seals. This method of puncture closure typically takes about thirty minutes, with the length of time usually being greater if the patient is hypertensive or anticoagulated. When human hand pressure is utilized, it can be uncomfortable for the patient and can use costly professional time on the part of the hospital staff. Other pressure techniques, such as pressure bandages, sandbags or clamps, have been employed, but these devices also require the patient to remain motionless for an extended period of time and the patient must be closely monitored to ensure their effectiveness.
- Other devices have been disclosed which plug or otherwise provide an obstruction in the area of the puncture. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,852,568 and 4,890,612, wherein a collagen plug is disposed in the blood vessel opening. When the plug is exposed to body fluids, it swells to create a block for the wound in the vessel wall. A potential problem of plugs introduced into the vessel is that particles may break off and float downstream to the point where they may lodge in a smaller vessel, causing an infarct to occur. Collagen material also acts as a nidus for platelet aggregation and, therefore, can cause intraluminal deposition of hemostatic agent, thereby creating the possibility of a thrombosis at the puncture sight. Other plug-like devices are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,342,393, 5,370,660 and 5,411,520.
- Surgical clips and clip appliers are known have also been used in vascular surgery, particularly to join severed vessels. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,929,240 (Kirsch, et al). The clips disclosed in the '240 Patent provide an advantage over suturing by decreasing the likelihood of clotting and vascular damage, particularly in micro-vascular repair procedures. While vascular clips have been successfully used in surgery, the surgical procedures in which the clips are used typically allow the surgeon to view the area to be clipped. In catheter puncture repair procedures, however, the wound is generally not visible, making proper clip application, if attempted, difficult.
- Therefore, there is a need for surgical techniques suitable for closing punctures in blood vessels, particularly those created during catheterization procedures. This need requires a reliable hemostasis of the puncture in a quick and efficient manner. It would also be advantageous to close the puncture without disposing any foreign substances within the vessel, thereby preventing the likelihood of introducing foreign matter into the circulatory system. The technique also needs to be performed without directly viewing the punctured vessel.
- EP 0 637 431 Al describes an apparatus for suturing a perforation in a side wall of a patient's blood vessel. This apparatus includes an outer sheath having a longitudinal passage defined therethrough. The outer sheath is adapted to be inserted through the perforation in the patient's blood vessel. The apparatus further includes a suture point and a suture thread attached to the suture point A carrier device is provided for carrying a suture point in a distal direction through the longitudinal passage of the outer sheath into the patient's blood vessel and for pulling the suture point in a proximal direction through the side wall of the patient's blood vessel.
- The present disclosure provides an instrument and method for closing a puncture in a blood vessel by applying at least one surgical clip to at least a portion of the exterior of the vessel. In a preferred embodiment, a guide wire passes extracorporeally through the skin, the vessel puncture, and into the blood vessel. A tubular structure, such as a cannula, is advanced over the guide wire and positioned near or adjacent the exterior of the blood vessel puncture. Next, a surgical clip applier is introduced into the cannula, preferably using the guide wire to guide the clip applier to the puncture sight. Once the distal end of the clip applier is properly positioned adjacent the vessel puncture, one or more surgical clips can be applied to close the puncture. Preferably, at least one clip is applied prior to removing the guide wire and at least one clip is applied subsequent to guide wire removal. After clip application, the clip applier and cannula can be removed and a topical bandage applied.
- Various embodiments are described herein with reference to the drawings, wherein:
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a preferred clip applying instrument;
- Figure 2 is a side elevational view in partial cross section of the instrument of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the instrument of Figure 1;
- Figure 3a is an enlarged perspective view of the distal, clip applying portion of the instrument of Figure 1;
- Figure 3b is an enlarged perspective view of a clip suitable for use with the disclosed clip applier;
- Figure 3c is a side elevational view of the clip of Figure 3b;
- Figure 4 is a side elevational view in partial cross section of the instrument of Figure 1 prior to actuation;
- Figure 5 is a side elevational view in partial cross section of the instrument of Figure 1 after actuation of the primary firing button;
- Figure 6 is a side elevational view in partial cross section of the instrument of Figure 1 after actuation of the secondary firing button;
- Figure 7 is a side elevational view in partial cross-section showing the instrument of Figure 1 being advanced towards a cannula using a guide wire as a guide;
- Figure 8 is a side elevational view in partial cross-section showing the distal end of the instrument of Figure 1 disposed adjacent a blood vessel to be clipped;
- Figure 9 is a side elevational view in partial cross-section, showing the instrument of Figure 1 applying one clip to a portion of the exterior of a blood vessel;
- Figure 10 is a side elevational view in partial cross-section showing the removal of the guide wire prior to application of additional surgical clips;
- Figure 11 is a side elevational view in partial cross-section showing two clips being applied substantially simultaneously to the blood vessel; and
- Figure 12 is a side elevational view in partial cross-section showing the clipped blood vessel after the clip applier of Figure 1 has been fired and withdrawn from the cannula.
- Referring now in specific detail to the drawings, in which like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements throughout several views, and initially to Figure 1, a preferred
clip applying instrument 10 is shown.Instrument 10 hasproximal handle portion 12, distalclip applying portion 14 andintermediate portion 15 disposed therebetween. As used herein, the proximal end of an element is referred to as the end of the element nearest to the surgeon and the distal end of an element is referred to as the element furthest from the surgeon. - Referring to Figs. 1-3 and 3a, the components of
clip applying instrument 10 will be discussed in detail.Handle portion 12 hashousing portions actuator 20 and secondary firing button oractuator 22.Primary firing button 20 includesfirst cavity 24 having side slots 26a and 26b andsecond cavity 28 having adistally extending projection 30 disposed therein.Projection 30 serves to align and at least partially retainprimary button spring 38 betweenprimary firing button 20 and shelf 40, which projects inwardly fromhousing 18. Structure corresponding to shelf 40 (not shown) can be provided on the inside ofhousing portion 16 and be positioned to mate with shelf 40 whenhousing portions Spring 38 biasesprimary firing button 20 proximally. Also extending distally frombutton 20 are latchingfingers protrusions 34a and 34b at their respective distal ends, the purpose of which will be discussed below. Between latchingfingers channel engagement member 36. -
Secondary firing button 22 hascavity 41 and distally extending projection 42 disposed therein. Projection 42 is similar toprojection 30 in the primary firing button and is adapted to engagesecondary button spring 44 which is disposed between projection 42 andshelf 46, which projects inwardly fromhousing 18.Spring 44 biasessecondary firing button 22 proximally.Secondary firing button 22 has a pair of distally extending biasingfingers 48a and 48b. Between biasingfingers 48a and 48b is firingchannel engagement member 50.Secondary firing button 22 is slidably received withincavity 24 of the primary firing button, whereinside projections 52a and 52b in the secondary button are slidably received in slots 26a and 26b of the primary button. Becausebutton 20 can move relative tobutton 22, the distal clip applying structures are independently actuable, as will be discussed in greater detail, below. Whenhandle portion 12 is assembled, firingbuttons housing portions - Firing
buttons primary firing button 20 has a substantially planar outer surface andsecondary firing button 22 has a concave surface. Each of the buttons are configured to be pressed inwardly towardshousing portions - Turning to the intermediate and distal portions of
instrument 10, there are preferably twofiring channels windows 70 and 72 which are configured to receive the distal ends of firingchannel engagement members Jaws 88 extend distally fromclip bar 68 whilejaws clip bar 66. When the clip bars are assembled within the firing channels, each set of jaws are disposed distal of the firing channel distal ends. Therefore, by depressing the firing buttons and causing the firing channels to move distally, the jaws are cammed inwardly, resulting in clip closure (discussed in greater detail below). The firing channels also haveintermediate slots 74 and 76 which permit the channels to slide relative to pins 58 and 60 during operation. Clip bars 66 and 68 haveapertures bars housing portions channels clip bar 68 has a single pair ofjaws 88 configured to retain and apply one surgical clip, while the distal end ofclip bar 66 has two pairs of jaws, 90 and 92, each configured to retain and apply a surgical clip.Jaw 92, as shown, is preferably positioned on top ofjaw 90 whilejaw spacer 89 is provided toseparate jaws 88 fromjaws Jaws clip applier 10. - Figure 3a also illustrates the distal end of firing
channel 62 having tubular guidewire guide member 94 secured thereto.Guide member 94 is configured to receive a guidewire to facilitate placement of the instrument at the desired surgical site and is preferably a hollow structure constructed from one or more pieces. In the drawings,guide member 94 is shown in two parts,part 94a being disposed along the firing channel and part 94b being positioned to over hang the jaw structure.Guide member 94 is preferably secured by welding, however, other suitable securement methods can be used. The function ofguide 94 is discussed in greater detail below. - A preferred clip is shown in Figs. 3b and 3c.
Surgical clip 242 is designed for application byclip applier 10 and is formed of a unitary piece of biologically acceptable, plastically deformable material such as a noble metal (i.e., gold, silver, platinum, titanium, etc.). While metal clips are presently preferred, it is contemplated that other materials, such as suitable polymer plastics, can be used. The material, preferably titanium, is sufficiently ductile or plastically deformable so that when the clip is crimped, there is minimal spring-back. The clip is designed to apply constant force to tissue, regardless of tissue thickness, without penetration. However, clips that penetrate tissue can also be utilized. -
Clip 242 includes a pair of inwardlycurved arms bridge portion 206. The two arms extend generally perpendicular to bridgeportion 206 and terminate attips bridge portion 206 includes a pair ofoptional grooves 208 which are useful for receiving an advancing/pushing bar if an array of clips are to be stored and sequentially applied. Clip slots 91 (Fig. 3a) injaws arms clips 242. The clip can be sized according to the particular end use, but it is generally a size suitable for micro-surgical applications in both non-endoscopic and endoscopic procedures. - The operation of
instrument 10 is generally shown in Figs. 5-11. As shown in Figs. 5 and 9, the first clip is applied by depressingprimary firing button 20, in the direction of Arrow A. Depression ofbutton 20causes firing channel 64 to slide distally (Arrow B) over stationary clip bar 68 (Fig. 3), causingjaws 88 to cam inwardly as the distal end ofchannel 64contacts camming surface 93 of the jaws (Fig. 3a). As the jaws cam inwardly, the clip held therein (Arrow B') is formed. As shown in Fig. 5,secondary firing button 22 remains stationary asprimary firing button 20 is depressed. Whenbutton 20 is completely depressed,protrusions 34a and 34b of latchingfingers ledge member 96 inhandle portion 12. When latched,button 20 and firingchannel 64 are held in the distal position, thereby maintainingjaws 88 in the closed position. Turning to Figs. 6 and 11,jaws stationary clip bar 66, further causing bothjaws button 22, biasingfingers 48a and 48bcontact latching fingers ledge 96, thereby freeingbutton 20. Upon release of pressure frombutton 22, springs 38 and 44bias buttons channels jaws - A preferred method of closing a hole in a blood vessel is shown in Figs. 7-11. Initially referring to Fig. 7, a blood vessel or
artery 100, such as the femoral artery, is shown disposed belowskin 102 of a patient.Vessel 100 is shown subsequent to a catheterization procedure, i.e., apuncture 106 has been created invessel 100.Guide wire 104 passes throughskin 102 and entersartery 100 atpuncture sight 106. If the guide wire was removed during the catherization procedure, it is preferably reinserted to perform the clipping procedure. Other structures for aiding in locating the clip applier, however, can be used. Shown in Figure 7 is tube orcannula 108 disposed inskin layer 102 and abuttingvessel 100.Cannula 108 aids in accessingvessel 100. Arrow E depictsclip applier 10 being advanced throughcannula 108 in a distal direction, towardspuncture sight 106. To aid in locating the distal clip applying portion ofinstrument 10 adjacent the vessel puncture,guide members 94a and 94b receiveguide wire 104 therethrough. In Figure 8, the distal portion ofcannula 108 is at least partially disposedadjacent vessel 10 andclip applier 10 has been advanced so that thedistal end 14 is disposed in a desired orientationadjacent puncture 106. - After the distal end of
clip applier 10 is positioned adjacent the wound sight, a first clip is applied fromjaws 88 by depressingprimary firing button 20 in the direction of Arrow A (Fig. 9). As previously described, whenbutton 20 is completely depressed,button 20 and firingchannel 64 are held in the distal position, thereby maintainingjaws 88 in the closed position. - At this point in the procedure, with reference to Figure 10,
guide wire 104 can be removed (Arrow F) from the surgical site. Becausejaws 88 are closed and maintain clamping pressure onvessel 100, the orientation ofclip applier 10 andvessel 100 is generally maintained and the guide wire is no longer necessary for alignment. Removal ofguide wire 104 allows the vessel to further naturally close. For example,flap 130 inblood vessel 100 is no longer biased away from the vessel wall byguide wire 104 and, therefore,flap 130 can advantageously shift to a position more suitable to closure byjaws jaws button 22 as described above. The clips are placed adjacent the first clip applied byjaws 88. Upon release ofbutton 22, bothbuttons jaws clip applier 10 andcannula 18 can be removed from the surgical site. A topical bandage or other structure can then be applied to the exterior ofskin 102, if desired. - It is contemplated that the present method and device can be used not only with catheterization procedures but other medical procedures where it is desirable to seal an incision or puncture in patient's blood vessel or artery. By using surgical clips as set forth in the present disclosure, the need to apply pressure to the wound site for an extended period of time is unnecessary. In addition, because the clip or clips are applied externally to the vessel, the danger of foreign matter entering the circulatory system is essentially eliminated.
- The present invention makes the following surgical method possible:
- providing a catheter;
- creating a puncture in a vessel of a patient;
- inserting the catheter through the puncture in the patient's vessel;
- removing at least a portion of the catheter from the patient;
- providing a surgical clip applier; and
- applying at least one surgical clip to the patient's vessel to at least partially close the vessel puncture through which the catheter was inserted.
- The present invention allows for a surgical method comprising:
- creating a puncture in a vessel of a patient;
- performing a surgical procedure;
- providing a surgical clip applier; and
- applying at least one surgical clip to the patient's vessel to at least partially close the vessel puncture. In this method, the step of performing a surgical procedure comprises inserting a catheter through the puncture in the patient's vessel.
- It will be understood that various modifications can be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, while the application of three clips has been described as a preferred embodiment, a single clip or any combination of clips can be applied. Such clips can be applied simultaneously or sequentially. It is also contemplated that the order of applying clips and withdrawing the guide wire can be modified. For example, the distal end of the clip applier can be disposed adjacent the vessel and the guide wire can be removed prior to the application of any clips. Also, it is contemplated that each clip or clips to be applied can be affixed to the vessel prior to removal of the guide wire. Cannula or
tube 108 is also optional to the procedure, but is useful for aiding in the insertion and withdrawal of the clip applier. It is also possible to properly position the clip applier without the use of a guidewire. However, some structure to aid in locating the distal end of the instrument is preferred. One such structure is a short tube at the distal end of the instrument to receive a guidewire, so that the instrument may slide along the guidewire, but even a groove or a pair of horns to receive an elongate guidance element might suffice. In addition, the clip applier and method described herein could be modified by one skilled in the art to be used endoscopically. The above description should not be construed as limiting but merely as examples of preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (14)
- A vascular hole closure apparatus for performing a procedure for closing a catheterization puncture (106) in a blood vessel (100) wherein a guide wire (104) passes extracorporeally through the skin (102), the puncture, and into the blood vessel, the apparatus includes a tubular structure (108) that in use is advanced over the guide wire and positioned near or adjacent the exterior of the blood vessel puncture; the apparatus being characterized by
a surgical clip applier (10) which contains one or more deformable surgical clips (242), each clip having arms (202, 204) and a bridge (206) connecting the arms, and which can be introduced into the tubular structure (108) and guided thereby to the puncture so that, once the distal end (14) of the clip applier is properly positioned adjacent the puncture, the one or more surgical clips (242) contained within the clip applier (10) are applied to the puncture with the respective arms (202, 204) of the clip engaging tissue adjacent the puncture, and close the puncture by movement towards each other. - The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and including structure to aid in locating the distal end of the clip applier.
- The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said locating structure comprises a groove.
- The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said structure comprises a pair of horns.
- The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said locating structure comprises tubular structure (94) being adapted to receive the guide wire, for sliding the clip applier relative to the guide wire, using the tubular structure as a guide.
- The apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the clip applier includesi) separate first and second clip applier structures (90, 92) for first and second clips (242), andii) means to maintain engagement between the first clip and the related clip applier structure, after application of the first clip to tissue, while bodily tissue moves into position adjacent the second clip applier structure, to allow application of the second clip to the positioned tissue.
- The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, further including release means (48) which releases both first and second clips after application of the second clip.
- The apparatus according to claims 6 or 7, wherein the second clip applier is adapted to apply at least two surgical clips.
- The apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the clip applier has first and second pairs of jaws (90, 92) and is capable of sequentially applying surgical clips by the steps of:securing a first clip to bodily tissue by closing the first pair of jaws to deform the clip;maintaining the first pair of jaws in the closed position;closing a surgical clip with the second pair of jaws while the first jaws remain in the closed position.
- The apparatus as claimed in claim 9, including means which cause the first pair of jaws to move to an open position, subsequent to the closure of the second clip.
- The apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the clip applier comprising a handle portion, an intermediate portion and first and second pairs of jaws at a distal end of the intermediate portion, each of the first and second pairs of jaws being adapted to deform at least one surgical clip, wherein the first pair of jaws is actuable independently of the second pair of jaws.
- The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims and comprising at least one push button (20) for application of said surgical clip.
- The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, or claim 12 as dependent on any one of claims 1 to 5, which applies just one clip.
- The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, or any one of claims 3 to 12 as dependent on claim 2, wherein the structure to locate the distal end of the clip applier permits removal of the guide wire before the application of any clips.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US510834 | 1983-07-05 | ||
US08/510,834 US5810846A (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1995-08-03 | Vascular hole closure |
Publications (3)
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EP0756851A2 EP0756851A2 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
EP0756851A3 EP0756851A3 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
EP0756851B1 true EP0756851B1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP96112363A Expired - Lifetime EP0756851B1 (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1996-07-31 | Vascular hole closure |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US5810846A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0756851B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2182070C (en) |
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ES (1) | ES2264130T3 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2182070C (en) | 2006-03-28 |
DE69636300T2 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
EP0756851A2 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
EP0756851A3 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
US5810846A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
ES2264130T3 (en) | 2006-12-16 |
DE69636300D1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
CA2182070A1 (en) | 1997-02-04 |
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