EP0669998A1 - Digester for continuous cooking of fibre material. - Google Patents
Digester for continuous cooking of fibre material.Info
- Publication number
- EP0669998A1 EP0669998A1 EP93912023A EP93912023A EP0669998A1 EP 0669998 A1 EP0669998 A1 EP 0669998A1 EP 93912023 A EP93912023 A EP 93912023A EP 93912023 A EP93912023 A EP 93912023A EP 0669998 A1 EP0669998 A1 EP 0669998A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- digester
- screen
- screening arrangement
- cooking
- fibre material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
- D21C3/24—Continuous processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C7/00—Digesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C7/00—Digesters
- D21C7/14—Means for circulating the lye
Definitions
- the pulp industry is therefore searching for methods which allow bleaching of pulp without using these chemicals.
- the lignox method (see SE-A 8902058) , in which, inter alia, bleaching is carried out with hydrogen peroxide, may be mentioned as an example of such a method.
- Ozone is another interesting bleaching chemical which is also gaining increased application. It is thus possible, using bleaching chemicals of this nature, to achieve those brightnesses which are required for marketable pulp, i.e. 89 ISO and greater, without using chlorine-containing bleaching agents.
- the invention especially relates to (but not exclusively) an advantageous arrangement.of a set of apparatus for achieving a cooking according to the new process, in particular with regard to digesters built according to an older principle and consisting of an upper concurrent cooking zone and a lower counter-current washing zone.
- Such an arrangement is necessary since certain practical problems arise as a consequence of an isothermal cooking process.
- the first such problem is the difficulty of efficiently reaching and maintaining the temperature in the lower part of the digester, i.e. that part which is normally employed for washing.
- the main object is to create a more efficient screening means in order to improve the circulation and as a consequence also the temperature distribution in the digester.
- digester screening arrangements consisting of circular screens, especially in connection with converting existing digesters, both of the modified type and the older type, for operation according to the new process, but also in connection with building of new digesters.
- Figure sheet 1 a comparison is made in three diagrams between isothermal cooking and so-called modified conventional cooking (MCC) .
- Figure sheet 2 shows a diagram which describes degree of delignification and viscosity (the viscosity is normally regarded as indicat ⁇ ing the strength properties of the pulp)
- Figures 3A, B and C shows how, in a preferred manner, an existing digester can be converted, using circular screens, to be operated according to the novel process.
- Figure 4 shows a cross sectional perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a circular screen according to the invention
- figure 5 shows a screen of figure 4 seen from the inside of the digester vessel
- figure 6 is a vertical cross sectional view of the same
- figure 7 is a horizontal cross sectional view of said preferred screen.
- the first figure page shows three diagrams which compare different results obtained with isothermal cook ⁇ ing and conventional modified cooking (MCC) .
- These sur ⁇ prisingly positive results show, according to the upper diagram, that, with a given amount of added alkali, substantially lower kappa numbers are obtained using isothermal cooking.
- the second diagram shows that manifestly improved strength properties are obtained when cooking down to the same kappa number.
- the third diagram shows that there is also the advantage that the quantity of reject wood (shives) decreases. If the fact is also taken into account that overall substan ⁇ tial energy savings are made when the temperature level is kept constant, it is evident that the results may be regarded as being surprisingly positive.
- Figure 2 additionally demonstrates that, using the method according to the invention, very low kappa numbers are reached while at the same time retaining good pulp strength (viscosity round about 1000) after oxygen delignification.
- so-called environmentally friendly bleaching chemicals such as peroxide and ozone, can be employed in subsequent bleaching stages without risking too low a strength for bleaching up to the level of brightness, and therewith also the level of purity, which the market demands.
- Figure 3A shows the lower part of a digester 1, which is intended to represent an existing digester shell on which has been arranged a new digester screening arrangement 2 in order to be able to raise the temperature in the counter-current zone.
- the digester is of the type which has an upper concurrent part and a lower counter-current part.
- full cooking temperature is normally maintained in the con ⁇ current zone (i.e. about 162°C for hardwood and about 168°C for softwood) while in the counter-current part, which in the main is a washing zone, the temperature is about 135°C on a level with the lower screen.
- the counter-current zone of the digester which has been fitted with a further screening arrangement will be referred to as a cooking zone, even if it is to be considered as a washing zone according to conventional operation.
- the new digester screening arrangement 2 (in figure 3A) consists of a number of circular screens 2A for withdrawal 3 of cooking liquid in the lower part of the digester and is arranged immediately above the lower screening arrangement IB, preferably at most 1.5 metres above and more preferably at most 1 metre above, measured from the upper edge of the lower digester screening arrangement to the lower edge of the newly fitted digester screening arrangement.
- Wash liquor is supplied to the lower part of the digester through an inflow arrangement 4 attached in the vicinity of the bottom IA of the digester and cooking liquid (alkali addition) through the central pipes 5A, 5B.
- the cooked pulp is taken out from the bottom of the digester via a conduit IE.
- each screening element 2A is made relatively small, preferably less than 0.3 m 2 .
- An advantage of screening elements of small area is that efficient back flushing can be achieved, which is often of great importance if the circulation flow is to func ⁇ tion efficiently.
- the new screening arrangement 2 is pre ⁇ ferably fitted with ring pipes 2C from which an indi ⁇ vidual conduit goes to each and every one of the screen ⁇ ing elements 2A.
- a limited number (for example 4) of screening units 2A can be efficiently back- flushed at a time. Owing to the relatively small total screening surface which is back-flushed under these cir ⁇ cumstances (for example 0,5-1 m 2 ) , a very efficient back- flushing which cleans the screens is obtained, thereby ensuring that the circulation is highly efficient.
- FIG 3B it is shown a first embodiment of how such a back flushing system can be arranged.
- the back flushing liquid is collected via a branch conduit 7 (the main conduit for back flushing) from the liquid which circulates from the circular screens 2A via conduit 3 and out through central pipe 5B.
- the liquid which is fed into the main back flushing conduit 7 is there after sequentially fed to the different screens 2A by means of a number of valves 8, 9 (see enlarged part of figure 3B) .
- a main valve 10 Beside the two valves needed for each screen 2A for providing the back flushing there is also provided a main valve 10 which provides for the possibility of shutting off the liquid supply from and to a screen totally.
- the liquid is withdrawn from the screen element 2A via a ring pipe 2C (and further via main pipe 3) and accordingly the main valve 10 and withdrawal valve 9 would then be opened whereas the back flushing valve 8 would then be closed.
- the withdrawal valve 9 is closed and the back flushing valve 8 opened.
- this is performed in a sequential manner so that four screens are closed for back flushing (e.g. all four at the same time) meanwhile the remaining screens, e.g. 20, would withdraw liquid.
- the pressure in the main conduit for back flushing 7 would be substantially equal.
- back flushing all four screens at the same time it is possible to back flush them two and two in order to increase the flow over each screen.
- FIG 3C it is shown a preferred embodiment of how to arrange a back flushing system. Also here there is a main conduit 3 for withdrawal of a liquid and main pipe 7 for the supply of back flushing liquid.
- Two screen elements 2A are interconnected with each other via a conduit forming a loop.
- This loop has an upper part 13A interconnected with the back flushing conduit 7 via branch conduit 7A.
- a valve 11 is arranged in this branch conduit 7A.
- the lower part of the loop 13B is interconnected with a branch conduit 3A which is joined with the withdrawal conduit 3.
- a valve 12 is fitted in the withdrawal branch conduit 3A. During withdrawal the valve 11 in the upper branch conduit 7A would be closed whereas the withdrawal valve 12 would be opened.
- FIGS 4-7 the exact design of a preferred screen element 2A is shown.
- the screen 2A is shown fitted onto the digester wall 1.
- the screen is of the rod screen type, wherein rods 14 are used to form the screen face
- the rods are supported by, preferably horizontal bars
- the screen 2A also consists of an annulus 17 which preferably consists of a bent and welded plate. At the top and the bottom of this annulus 17 there are recess slots 18, so that an inwardly facing edge 19 is formed against which the top and bottom respectively of a rod 14 can rest.
- the bars 16, preferably at least two or three are welded within said annulus 17 so that its inwardly facing edge is levelled with said facing edge 19 of the annulus 17. Accordingly the rods 14 are supported not only by the bars 16 but also by said edge 19 of the annulus 17.
- the annulus with the rod 14 and bar 16 is fitted within a hollow element 21, which preferably consists of a forged cylinder 21.
- the cylinder 21 has a groove 21A (preferably turned) which is intended to receive the annulus 17, so that the annulus 17 can rest on the inwardly facing edge 2ID of said groove 21A.
- the cylinder 21 is provided with a seal plate 2IB through which the inlet and outlet pipe 22 protrudes.
- the lower inner part of the cylinder 21 has a large tapered portion 21C in order to further eliminate possible risks of hanging of the pulp.
- a further object of this tapered portion 21C is to provide for attachment of the annulus 17 within said cylinder 21 by means of a weld 23A in the bottom region, away from the screen face 15 without creating any edges, which could cause hanging.
- This weld 23A can be performed in one piece, thanks to the rods 14 being positioned in slots 18 in the annulus 17.
- the screen preferably is fitted within the cylinder 21 by means of welds 23, preferably four welds 23.
- welds 23 preferably four welds 23.
- the weld at the top 23B need not to be fitted within a large tapered portion (but possibly in a grinded groove) since the possible disturbing edges caused by this weld can be eliminated by means of grinding.
- the two welds at the sides will have no or little effect to the moving pulp since they are arranged along the part of the circle where they are almost vertical. This is important since otherwise the screen element would cause hanging of the pulp.
- FIG 6 a cross sectional along the vertical line shows that the screen 2A has an outlet and an inlet device 22 with fittings 22A in order to enable withdrawal of liquid as well as supply of back flushing liquid.
- FIG 7 there is shown a cross sectional view along a horizontal line of a preferred screen element 2A.
- the annulus 17 rests upon the inwardly facing edge 2ID of the groove 21A in the cylinder 21.
- the outer edge portions of the bars 16 rest on said edge 2ID. Accordingly it is important that when the different parts 14, 16 and 17 forming the screen face have been assembled, the outer periphery of the back of said assembly is in alignment in order to rest evenly on said edge 2ID.
- Preferably said assembly 14, 16, 17 is cut in order to obtain said aligned cylindrical surface.
- all attachments are made by welding.
- the cylinder 21 is welded onto place within the digester shell 1.
- a screen element 2A according to the invention would first be assembled by welding the bars 16 into the annulus 17.
- the cylinder 21 with its sealing plate 2IB would preferably be assembled thoroughly so that the pipe 22 with fittings 22A would also be put on place.
- the screen face 15 is positioned within the cylinder 21 by means of welds, preferably as described above.
- welds preferably as described above.
- a further advantageous is that the hole and the weld in the digester vessel will have an annular form which is an advantage concerning the structural strength of the vessel.
- the screen face is changed there is also a major advantage residing in the fact that the piping (on the outside) need not to be dissembled.
- an existing digester of the MCC type can also be arranged in accordance with the invention, where, therefore, the digester has an upper concurrent part, a central, mainly counter-current, part and a lower counter-current part, where addition of a part of the cooking liquid takes place in the said lower counter-current part, the so-called high-heat zone.
- a digester of the so-called hydraulic type, with a lower temperature in the upper part (the impregnation zone) may also advantageously be fitted with a digester screening arrangement according to the invention for cooking according to the invention, so-called iso- thermally.
- the preferred method may be used in connection with all types of cooking liquid, even if the method is principally intended for producing sulphate pulp.
- the invention is not limited to the above mentioned exemplifying temperature levels. In this connection, however, it is important that the average temperature level in the digester preferably exceeds +150°C but is lower than +165°C, and preferably is between 150-155°C for hardwood and between 160-165°C for softwood, and furthermore that the average temperature in the cooking zone/zones is preferably about +151°C +-1°C, when the wood is hardwood, and that the average tempera ⁇ ture in a digester is +159°C +-1°C, when the wood is softwood.
- screens deviating from a purely circular form for example oval screens
- the smallest radius of curvature should preferably not fall below 0.2 m.
- both old and new digesters can be fitted with screens according to the invention.
- the basic design concept could also be used together with other screen faces than the rod-type, e.g. slotted screen faces.
- all screens are made of this circular type.
- the outer casing 21 be circular and to have an angular screen face assembly (e.g. rectangular) positioned therein. Instead of letting the screen face assembly rest on an edge formed by a groove 21A, it could rest on non- integral parts, such as screws, etc.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9203462A SE500455C2 (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1992-11-18 | Method of continuous cooking under elevated pressure and temperature of fiber material in a vertical digester |
SE9203462 | 1992-11-18 | ||
PCT/SE1993/000223 WO1994011564A1 (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-03-16 | Digester for continuous cooking of fibre material |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0669998A1 true EP0669998A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
EP0669998B1 EP0669998B1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
EP0669998B2 EP0669998B2 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
Family
ID=20387855
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93912023A Expired - Lifetime EP0669998B2 (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-03-16 | Digester for continuous cooking of fibre material |
EP93910495A Expired - Lifetime EP0673452B1 (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-04-08 | Digester for continuous cooking of fibre material |
EP93924847A Expired - Lifetime EP0673453B1 (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-10-08 | Process for continuous cooking of pulp |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93910495A Expired - Lifetime EP0673452B1 (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-04-08 | Digester for continuous cooking of fibre material |
EP93924847A Expired - Lifetime EP0673453B1 (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-10-08 | Process for continuous cooking of pulp |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US5470437A (en) |
EP (3) | EP0669998B2 (en) |
JP (3) | JP3287848B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1036728C (en) |
AT (3) | ATE156538T1 (en) |
AU (3) | AU684759B2 (en) |
BR (3) | BR9307478A (en) |
CA (3) | CA2149535C (en) |
DE (4) | DE69312955T3 (en) |
ES (3) | ES2105269T5 (en) |
FI (3) | FI115142B (en) |
MA (1) | MA23034A1 (en) |
NO (3) | NO306478B1 (en) |
NZ (3) | NZ252758A (en) |
RU (3) | RU2121537C1 (en) |
SE (3) | SE500455C2 (en) |
WO (3) | WO1994011564A1 (en) |
ZA (3) | ZA937959B (en) |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2123904A1 (en) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-27 | Mohammed Iqbal Aziz | Absorbent article having a nonwoven and apertured film coversheet |
SE500959C2 (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-10-10 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Strainer in a continuous digester |
US5766413A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1998-06-16 | Kvaerner Pulping Ab | Process for isothermal cooking pulp in a continuous digester |
SE502486C2 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-10-30 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Procedure and arrangement of valve for extraction and reverse flushing of ex. boiling liquid in cellulose boilers and their use in boiling sieves |
WO1997001666A1 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1997-01-16 | Salminen Reijo K | Continuous digester |
US5658428A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-08-19 | Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab | Method for impregnation in a single-vessel hydraulic digester |
US5885414A (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-03-23 | Kvaerner Pulping Ab | Method of producing pulp with high alkali cooking in the last cooking stage |
US5985096A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-11-16 | Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. | Vertical pulping digester having substantially constant diameter |
US6123808A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 2000-09-26 | Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. | Distribution of dilution liquor to the discharge of a cellulose pulp digester |
US20010032711A1 (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2001-10-25 | C. Bertil Stromberg | Pulp cooking with particular alkali profiles |
US20020069986A1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2002-06-13 | Marcoccia Bruno S. | System and method for improved filtrate addition in a continuous digester |
SE0004049L (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2001-11-05 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Continuous boiling of pulp less used cooking liquor partly from the digester and partly from a subsequent pressure diffuser |
SE0004050L (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2001-11-05 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Continuous boiling of pulp with net mid-stream flow in the bottom portion of the boiler |
CN1308545C (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2007-04-04 | 山东泉林纸业有限责任公司 | Vertical boiling pot for paper pulp |
US20050274468A1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-15 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Central screen |
FI117477B (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-10-31 | Metso Paper Inc | strainer body |
US7736467B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2010-06-15 | Metso Paper Pori Oy | Screen assembly for a pulp digester |
SE531067C2 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2008-12-09 | Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab | Continuous boiler with liquid circulation |
US7799173B2 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2010-09-21 | Andritz Inc. | Screen plates having diagonal slots with curved inlets for a digester |
SE530744C2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-09-02 | Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab | Steam phase boilers and a procedure for continuous boiling |
SE531717C2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-07-21 | Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab | Kokarsil for a continuous cellulose pulp cooker |
SE532930C2 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2010-05-11 | Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab | Supply system including parallel pumps for a continuous boiler |
US7867363B2 (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2011-01-11 | Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab | Continuous digester system |
SE533670C2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-11-30 | Metso Fiber Karlstad Ab | System and method for controlling a continuous steam phase boiler |
US8951388B2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2015-02-10 | Pec-Tech Engineering And Construction Pte Ltd | Method and system for efficient production of dissolving pulp in a kraft mill producing paper grade pulp with a continuous type digester |
CN104053834B (en) | 2012-01-12 | 2016-04-06 | 维美德公司 | For the special bar screen of digester vessel |
CN102619122A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-01 | 湖南骏泰浆纸有限责任公司 | Upper circulation device of vertical continuous digester |
WO2014004844A1 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-03 | Shell Oil Company | Digestion units configured for high yield biomass processing |
US9115214B2 (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2015-08-25 | Abengoa Bioenergy New Technologies, Llc | Methods for controlling pretreatment of biomass |
CN102978987A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-03-20 | 江苏华机环保设备有限责任公司 | Vertical cooker |
BR112016023526A2 (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2017-08-15 | Stora Enso Oyj | method of digesting cellulose fibrous material in a continuous processing digester |
SE538326C2 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-05-17 | Valmet Oy | Profile bar screen for digester vessels |
RU208723U1 (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-01-11 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна" | VERTICAL BOILER |
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US2414062A (en) * | 1944-05-02 | 1947-01-07 | Kamyr Ab | Apparatus for heating and controlling the temperature in a continuously operating digester |
US2852369A (en) * | 1954-09-17 | 1958-09-16 | Electric Steel Foundry | Digester strainer |
US2998064A (en) * | 1957-12-11 | 1961-08-29 | Improved Machinery Inc | Strainer construction |
SE325770B (en) * | 1969-10-13 | 1970-07-06 | Kamyr Ab | |
SE343344B (en) * | 1970-06-29 | 1972-03-06 | Kamyr Ab | |
US3755072A (en) † | 1970-10-23 | 1973-08-28 | Kamyr Ab | Strainer device for cellulose digester |
US3700548A (en) * | 1971-04-28 | 1972-10-24 | Improved Machinery Inc | Apparatus and methods of continuous digesting |
US3836463A (en) * | 1972-07-28 | 1974-09-17 | Gen Signal Corp | System and apparatus for cleaning bar grid |
US4193839A (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1980-03-18 | Kamyr, Inc. | Flow control method and apparatus for continuous wood chip digester screenless liquor extractor |
US4436586A (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1984-03-13 | Kamyr, Inc. | Method of producing kraft pulp using an acid prehydrolysis and pre-extraction |
JPS609287A (en) * | 1983-06-29 | 1985-01-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Cassette control device of video recording device |
CA2037717C (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1996-03-05 | Bertil Stromberg | Extended kraft cooking with white liquor added to wash circulation |
US5328564A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1994-07-12 | Kamyr, Inc. | Modified digestion of paper pulp followed by ozone bleaching |
US5236554A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-08-17 | Kamyr, Inc. | Digester having plural screens with means for controlling liquid injection and withdrawal |
-
1992
- 1992-11-18 SE SE9203462A patent/SE500455C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-03-16 CA CA002149535A patent/CA2149535C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-16 ES ES93912023T patent/ES2105269T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-16 NZ NZ252758A patent/NZ252758A/en unknown
- 1993-03-16 AT AT93912023T patent/ATE156538T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-16 AU AU63965/94A patent/AU684759B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-03-16 RU RU95112496A patent/RU2121537C1/en active
- 1993-03-16 EP EP93912023A patent/EP0669998B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-16 DE DE69312955T patent/DE69312955T3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-16 JP JP51196994A patent/JP3287848B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-16 WO PCT/SE1993/000223 patent/WO1994011564A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-03-16 BR BR9307478A patent/BR9307478A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-08 NZ NZ252340A patent/NZ252340A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-08 AU AU40966/93A patent/AU680194B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-04-08 AT AT93910495T patent/ATE153398T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-08 CA CA002149434A patent/CA2149434C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-08 ES ES93910495T patent/ES2103082T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-08 JP JP51197094A patent/JP3287849B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-08 WO PCT/SE1993/000311 patent/WO1994011565A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-04-08 EP EP93910495A patent/EP0673452B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-08 BR BR9307479A patent/BR9307479A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-08 DE DE69310929T patent/DE69310929T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-08 RU RU95112494A patent/RU2113574C1/en active
- 1993-07-16 US US08/092,420 patent/US5470437A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-08 DE DE69317670T patent/DE69317670T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-08 WO PCT/SE1993/000816 patent/WO1994011566A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-10-08 JP JP51197194A patent/JP3223285B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-08 EP EP93924847A patent/EP0673453B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-08 CA CA002149423A patent/CA2149423C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-08 DE DE0673453T patent/DE673453T1/en active Pending
- 1993-10-08 BR BR9307480A patent/BR9307480A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-08 ES ES93924847T patent/ES2077548T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-08 NZ NZ257659A patent/NZ257659A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-08 RU RU95112468A patent/RU2126470C1/en active
- 1993-10-08 AU AU54355/94A patent/AU673392B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-08 AT AT93924847T patent/ATE164400T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-26 ZA ZA937959A patent/ZA937959B/en unknown
- 1993-10-26 ZA ZA937958A patent/ZA937958B/en unknown
- 1993-11-10 ZA ZA938390A patent/ZA938390B/en unknown
- 1993-11-17 CN CN93121428A patent/CN1036728C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-17 MA MA23340A patent/MA23034A1/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-07-08 SE SE9402411A patent/SE513746C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-08 SE SE9402412A patent/SE9402412L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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1995
- 1995-03-22 US US08/408,706 patent/US5591303A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-31 US US08/415,203 patent/US5567280A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-17 FI FI952388A patent/FI115142B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-17 FI FI952389A patent/FI114718B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-17 FI FI952387A patent/FI113186B/en active
- 1995-05-18 NO NO951973A patent/NO306478B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-18 NO NO951974A patent/NO306479B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-18 NO NO951972A patent/NO306477B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1997
- 1997-01-16 US US08/784,808 patent/US5827401A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9411564A1 * |
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