EP0646670A1 - Device for controlling machines - Google Patents

Device for controlling machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0646670A1
EP0646670A1 EP94114501A EP94114501A EP0646670A1 EP 0646670 A1 EP0646670 A1 EP 0646670A1 EP 94114501 A EP94114501 A EP 94114501A EP 94114501 A EP94114501 A EP 94114501A EP 0646670 A1 EP0646670 A1 EP 0646670A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
sensor
control signals
signal
sensors
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EP94114501A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0646670B1 (en
Inventor
Franz Josef Prof. Kuhn
Siegfried Dipl.Ing. Kessler
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Kessler GmbH
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Kessler GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/30Controlling members actuated by foot
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05BSEWING
    • D05B69/00Driving-gear; Control devices
    • D05B69/14Devices for changing speed or for reversing direction of rotation
    • D05B69/18Devices for changing speed or for reversing direction of rotation electric, e.g. foot pedals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling machines, in particular sewing machines.
  • a tread plate is pivotally mounted on a base frame about a horizontal axis.
  • the pivoting position of the tread plate about the horizontal axis is detected by mechanical, electronic or opto-electronic devices, evaluated and converted into corresponding control signals for the machine drive.
  • pedals are used which, depending on the swiveling position of the tread plate, influence the position of the presser foot and the thread cutter of the sewing machine and the speed of the sewing machine drive by actuating the balls of the foot.
  • Sewing machine controls with three pedals, on which the individual functions are distributed, and pneumatic controls with the aid of two air cushions embedded in a base plate are also known.
  • foot pedals or air cushions are used in particular at standing workplaces, but there lead to a heavy physical strain on the worker. Moving the pedal requires a one-sided shift of body weight to one leg, which leads to rapid fatigue of the leg muscles. In addition, foot pedals are often inoperable for the physically disabled.
  • a device for controlling machines with a pressure receiving area equipped with at least one pressure or force sensor and a signal evaluation device for converting the sensor signal or signals into solely the pressure exerted, but not the movement of any device parts, is dependent on control signals for the Proposed machine drive.
  • the device according to the invention therefore no longer has any moving parts for control purposes.
  • the actuation is carried out solely by exerting a different pressure on a pressure receiving surface.
  • the device can thus be operated with the foot, the hand as well as with the arm or another part of the body. Machine workplaces equipped with such a device are therefore also suitable for the disabled.
  • the physical strain on the operating personnel is far less, and the work is therefore much less tiring.
  • the sensitivity of the at least one pressure or force sensor can advantageously be adjustable in order to enable adaptation to the individual needs of the operating personnel or also to the part of the body with which the device is to be actuated.
  • the signal evaluation device can advantageously have a locking device which, when a sensor responds, interrupts the signal paths of at least some of the other sensors in order to prevent damage to the machine or a workpiece if several machine functions are addressed simultaneously that must not be run together.
  • the signal evaluation device can also have an analog / digital converter for generating digital control signals for the machine drive, since many machines are now controlled digitally. Frequently, these control signals must also be encoded in a certain way, for example in a modified Gray code, see above that the signal evaluation device can expediently have a coding device for generating coded control signals for the machine drive. It is advantageous here if the coding device is designed as an EPROM to enable simple adaptation of the device to machine drives that require differently coded control signals.
  • the device can have a pressure receiving surface equipped with two pressure or force sensors, the first sensor influencing the lifting of the presser foot and the thread cutter and the second sensor influencing the speed selection of the sewing machine drive.
  • the first sensor thus takes over the functions that were previously achieved by heel actuation of a conventional foot pedal on sewing machines, while the second sensor takes over the functions of the foot pedal actuation.
  • the two sensors can be arranged next to one another on a carrier plate, and the device can be actuated either by two-foot operation or by one-foot operation after the carrier plate has been rotated through 90 °. This change from two-foot operation to one-foot operation also changes the physical load, so that premature fatigue can be prevented.
  • the single figure shows a block diagram of a device for controlling a sewing machine.
  • the device has two pressure sensors 10 and 11, which conduct their signal to a signal evaluation device 12, shown in the figure by a box.
  • the signals from the sensors 10 and 11 are processed in the signal evaluation device 12 in separate circuits 13 and 14.
  • the circuits 13 and 14 can have, for example, amplifiers and analog / digital converters.
  • the processed signals 15 and 16 are passed to a locking device 17, which checks whether the two signals from the sensors 10 and 11 are compatible with one another, ie whether functions of the machine that can actually execute them in parallel are controlled.
  • the locking device 17 In the present example of a sewing machine control, in which the sensor 10 actuates the thread cutter when a first lower pressure is exerted and the thread cutter is actuated when a higher pressure is exerted, while the pressure sensor 11 controls the speed of the machine drive depending on the pressure exerted, the locking device 17 must do so ensure that the sensor signals 15 and 16 lock against each other, the speed control always having priority.
  • the output signal 18 of the locking device 17, which either corresponds to the processed sensor signal 16 or is zero, is linked in a logic circuit 19 with the processed signal 15 of the sensor 10. Only when there is no signal from sensor 11 is signal 15 forwarded to a coding device 20 embodied as an EPROM. Conversely, the signal 16 of the sensor 11 is only forwarded to the coding device 20 if there is no signal from the sensor 10.
  • the coding device 20 has the possibility of generating control signals 24, which can be coded according to different codes.
  • the selection of the code required for the control of the machine drive 21 is made via an identification device 22 of the drive control 21.
  • the identification device 22 picks up characteristic signals from the drive control 21 of the sewing machine.
  • the signal evaluation device 12 also contains a power supply 22, which is coupled to a power supply 23 for the two pressure sensors 10 and 11.

Abstract

A device for controlling machines having a pressure pick-up area populated with at least one pressure or force sensor (10, 11) and a signal evaluation device (12) for the conversion of the sensor signal or signals into control signals (24), which are a function only of the pressure exerted but not of the movement of any device parts, for the machine drive (21). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Steuerung von Maschinen, insbesondere von Nähmaschinen.The invention relates to a device for controlling machines, in particular sewing machines.

Es sind Vorrichtungen zur Steuerung von Maschinen in Form eines Pedals bekannt, bei dem eine Trittplatte um eine horizontale Achse an einem Untergestell schwenkbar gelagert ist. Die Schwenklage der Trittplatte um die horizontale Achse wird von mechanischen, elektronischen oder auch opto-elektronischen Einrichtungen erfaßt, ausgewertet und in entsprechende Steuersignale für den Maschinenantrieb umgesetzt. Bei Nähmaschinen sind beispielsweise Pedale im Einsatz, die durch Betätigung mit den Fersen je nach Schwenklage der Trittplatte die Position des Nähfußes und den Fadenabschneider der Nähmaschine und durch eine Fußballenbetätigung die Drehzahl des Nähmaschinenantriebs beeinflussen. Es sind auch Nähmaschinensteuerungen mit drei Pedalen, auf die die einzelnen Funktionen verteilt sind, sowie pneumatische Steuerungen mit Hilfe zweier in eine Fußplatte eingelassenen Luftkissen bekannt. Solche Fußpedale bzw. Luftkissen werden insbesondere auch an Steharbeitsplätzen eingesetzt, führen dort jedoch zu einer starken körperlichen Belastung der Arbeitskraft. Zur Bewegung des Pedals ist eine einseitige Verlagerung des Körpergewichts auf ein Bein erforderlich, die zu einer raschen Ermüdung der Beinmuskulatur führt. Außerdem sind Fußpedale von Körperbehinderten häufig nicht bedienbar.Devices for controlling machines in the form of a pedal are known in which a tread plate is pivotally mounted on a base frame about a horizontal axis. The pivoting position of the tread plate about the horizontal axis is detected by mechanical, electronic or opto-electronic devices, evaluated and converted into corresponding control signals for the machine drive. For sewing machines, for example, pedals are used which, depending on the swiveling position of the tread plate, influence the position of the presser foot and the thread cutter of the sewing machine and the speed of the sewing machine drive by actuating the balls of the foot. Sewing machine controls with three pedals, on which the individual functions are distributed, and pneumatic controls with the aid of two air cushions embedded in a base plate are also known. Such foot pedals or air cushions are used in particular at standing workplaces, but there lead to a heavy physical strain on the worker. Moving the pedal requires a one-sided shift of body weight to one leg, which leads to rapid fatigue of the leg muscles. In addition, foot pedals are often inoperable for the physically disabled.

Zur Abhilfe der obengenannten Probleme wird eine Vorrichtung zur Steuerung von Maschinen, mit einer mit mindestens einem Druck- oder Kraftsensor bestückten Druckaufnahmefläche und einer Signalauswerteeinrichtung zur Umsetzung des oder der Sensorsignale in allein vom ausgeübten Druck, nicht jedoch von der Bewegung irgendwelcher Vorrichtungsteile abhängige Steuersignale für den Maschinenantrieb vorgeschlagen.To remedy the above-mentioned problems, a device for controlling machines, with a pressure receiving area equipped with at least one pressure or force sensor and a signal evaluation device for converting the sensor signal or signals into solely the pressure exerted, but not the movement of any device parts, is dependent on control signals for the Proposed machine drive.

Die Vorrichtung nach der Erfindung weist also zur Steuerung keinerlei bewegliche Teile mehr auf. Die Betätigung erfolgt allein durch Ausübung eines unterschiedlich starken Drucks auf eine Druckaufnahmefläche. Die Vorrichtung kann somit sowohl mit dem Fuß, der Hand als auch mit dem Arm oder einem anderen Körperteil bedient werden. Mit einer solchen Vorrichtung ausgestattete Maschinenarbeitsplätze sind damit auch behindertengerecht. Außerdem ist die körperliche Belastung des Bedienpersonals weit geringer, und die Arbeit dadurch sehr viel weniger ermüdend. Vorteilhafterweise kann die Empfindlichkeit des mindestens einen Druck- oder Kraftsensors einstellbar sein, um eine Anpassung an die individuellen Bedürfnisse des Bedienpersonals oder auch an den Körperteil, mit dem eine Betätigung der Vorrichtung vorgenommen werden soll, zu ermöglichen. Bei einer Vorrichtung mit mehreren Sensoren zur Steuerung unterschiedlicher Maschinenfunktionen kann die Signalauswerteeinrichtung vorteilhafterweise eine Verriegelungseinrichtung aufweisen, die bei Ansprechen eines Sensors die Signalpfade mindestens eines Teils der anderen Sensoren unterbricht, um eine Beschädigung der Maschine oder eines Werkstücks zu verhindern, wenn mehrere Maschinenfunktionen gleichzeitig angesprochen werden, die nicht gemeinsam ausgeführt werden dürfen. Die Signalauswerteeinrichtung kann auch einen Analog/Digital-Wandler zur Erzeugung digitaler Ansteuersignale für den Maschinenantrieb aufweisen, da heutzutage viele Maschinen digital angesteuert werden. Häufig müssen diese Ansteuersignale auch in einer bestimmten Weise codiert vorliegen, beispielsweise in einem modifizierten Gray-Code, so daß zweckmäßigerweise die Signalauswerteeinrichtung eine Codier-Einrichtung zur Erzeugung codierter Ansteuersignale für den Maschinenantrieb aufweisen kann. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Codier-Einrichtung als EPROM zur Ermöglichung einer einfachen Anpassung der Vorrichtung an Maschinenantriebe, die unterschiedlich codierte Ansteuersignale benötigen, ausgebildet ist.The device according to the invention therefore no longer has any moving parts for control purposes. The actuation is carried out solely by exerting a different pressure on a pressure receiving surface. The device can thus be operated with the foot, the hand as well as with the arm or another part of the body. Machine workplaces equipped with such a device are therefore also suitable for the disabled. In addition, the physical strain on the operating personnel is far less, and the work is therefore much less tiring. The sensitivity of the at least one pressure or force sensor can advantageously be adjustable in order to enable adaptation to the individual needs of the operating personnel or also to the part of the body with which the device is to be actuated. In the case of a device with a plurality of sensors for controlling different machine functions, the signal evaluation device can advantageously have a locking device which, when a sensor responds, interrupts the signal paths of at least some of the other sensors in order to prevent damage to the machine or a workpiece if several machine functions are addressed simultaneously that must not be run together. The signal evaluation device can also have an analog / digital converter for generating digital control signals for the machine drive, since many machines are now controlled digitally. Frequently, these control signals must also be encoded in a certain way, for example in a modified Gray code, see above that the signal evaluation device can expediently have a coding device for generating coded control signals for the machine drive. It is advantageous here if the coding device is designed as an EPROM to enable simple adaptation of the device to machine drives that require differently coded control signals.

Speziell zur Steuerung einer Nähmaschine kann die Vorrichtung eine mit zwei Druck- oder Kraftsensoren bestückte Druckaufnahmefläche aufweisen, wobei der erste Sensor das Anheben des Nähfußes und den Fadenabschneider und der zweite Sensor die Drehzahlvorwahl des Nähmaschinenantriebs beeinflussen. Der erste Sensor übernimmt damit die Funktionen, die bisher durch eine Fersenbetätigung eines herkömmlichen Fußpedals an Nähmaschinen erzielt wurden, während der zweite Sensor die Funktionen der Fußballenbetätigung des Fußpedals übernimmt. Die beiden Sensoren können hierzu nebeneinander auf einer Trägerplatte angeordnet sein, und die Vorrichtung kann entweder durch Zweifußbedienung oder durch Einfußbedienung nach Drehen der Trägerplatte um 90° betätigbar sein. Durch diesen Wechsel von Zweifußbedienung auf Einfußbedienung ändert sich auch die körperliche Belastung, so daß vorzeitiger Ermüdung vorgebeugt werden kann.Specifically for controlling a sewing machine, the device can have a pressure receiving surface equipped with two pressure or force sensors, the first sensor influencing the lifting of the presser foot and the thread cutter and the second sensor influencing the speed selection of the sewing machine drive. The first sensor thus takes over the functions that were previously achieved by heel actuation of a conventional foot pedal on sewing machines, while the second sensor takes over the functions of the foot pedal actuation. For this purpose, the two sensors can be arranged next to one another on a carrier plate, and the device can be actuated either by two-foot operation or by one-foot operation after the carrier plate has been rotated through 90 °. This change from two-foot operation to one-foot operation also changes the physical load, so that premature fatigue can be prevented.

Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.A preferred exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

Die einzige Figur zeigt ein Blockschaltbild einer Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Nähmaschine. Die Vorrichtung weist zwei Drucksensoren 10 und 11 auf, die ihr Signal zu einer, in der Figur durch einen Kasten gekennzeichneten Signalauswerteeinrichtung 12 leiten. Die Signale der Sensoren 10 und 11 werden in der Signalauswerteeinrichtung 12 in getrennten Schaltungen 13 und 14 aufbereitet. Die Schaltungen 13 und 14 können dabei beispielsweise Verstärker und Analog/Digital-Wandler aufweisen. Die aufbereiteten Signale 15 und 16 werden zu einer Verriegelungseinrichtung 17 geleitet, die überprüft, ob die beiden Signale der Sensoren 10 und 11 kompatibel miteinander sind, d. h. ob Funktionen der Maschine angesteuert werden, die diese tatsächlich auch parallel ausführen kann. Im vorliegenden Beispiel einer Nähmaschinensteuerung, bei der der Sensor 10 bei Ausübung eines ersten geringeren Druckes das Anheben des Nähfußes und beim Ausüben eines stärkeren Druckes den Fadenabschneider betätigt, während der Drucksensor 11 je nach ausgeübtem Druck die Drehzahl des Maschinenantriebs steuert, muß die Verriegelungsvorrichtung 17 dafür sorgen, daß die Sensorsignale 15 und 16 gegeneinander verriegeln, wobei die Drehzahlsteuerung immer Vorrang hat. Das Ausgangssignal 18 der Verriegelungseinrichtung 17, das entweder dem aufbereiteten Sensorsignal 16 entspricht oder Null ist, wird in einer Verknüpfungsschaltung 19 mit dem aufbereiteten Signal 15 des Sensors 10 verknüpft. Nur wenn kein Signal des Sensors 11 vorliegt, wird das Signal 15 zu einer als EPROM ausgebildeten Codier-Einrichtung 20 weitergeleitet. Umgekehrt wird das Signal 16 des Sensors 11 nur dann zur Codier-Einrichtung 20 weitergeleitet, wenn vom Sensor 10 kein Signal vorliegt.The single figure shows a block diagram of a device for controlling a sewing machine. The device has two pressure sensors 10 and 11, which conduct their signal to a signal evaluation device 12, shown in the figure by a box. The signals from the sensors 10 and 11 are processed in the signal evaluation device 12 in separate circuits 13 and 14. The circuits 13 and 14 can have, for example, amplifiers and analog / digital converters. The processed signals 15 and 16 are passed to a locking device 17, which checks whether the two signals from the sensors 10 and 11 are compatible with one another, ie whether functions of the machine that can actually execute them in parallel are controlled. In the present example of a sewing machine control, in which the sensor 10 actuates the thread cutter when a first lower pressure is exerted and the thread cutter is actuated when a higher pressure is exerted, while the pressure sensor 11 controls the speed of the machine drive depending on the pressure exerted, the locking device 17 must do so ensure that the sensor signals 15 and 16 lock against each other, the speed control always having priority. The output signal 18 of the locking device 17, which either corresponds to the processed sensor signal 16 or is zero, is linked in a logic circuit 19 with the processed signal 15 of the sensor 10. Only when there is no signal from sensor 11 is signal 15 forwarded to a coding device 20 embodied as an EPROM. Conversely, the signal 16 of the sensor 11 is only forwarded to the coding device 20 if there is no signal from the sensor 10.

Die Codier-Einrichtung 20 weist im vorliegenden Fall die Möglichkeit der Erzeugung von Steuersignalen 24 auf, die nach unterschiedlichen Codes codiert sein können. Die Auswahl des für die Steuerung des Maschinenantriebs 21 geforderten Codes wird dabei über eine Kennungseinrichtung 22 der Antriebssteuerung 21 vorgenommen. Die Kennungseinrichtung 22 greift hierzu charakteristische Signale der Antriebssteuerung 21 der Nähmaschine ab.In the present case, the coding device 20 has the possibility of generating control signals 24, which can be coded according to different codes. The selection of the code required for the control of the machine drive 21 is made via an identification device 22 of the drive control 21. For this purpose, the identification device 22 picks up characteristic signals from the drive control 21 of the sewing machine.

Die Signalauswerteeinrichtung 12 enthält außerdem eine Stromversorgung 22, die mit einer Stromversorgung 23 für die beiden Drucksensoren 10 und 11 gekoppelt ist.The signal evaluation device 12 also contains a power supply 22, which is coupled to a power supply 23 for the two pressure sensors 10 and 11.

Claims (8)

Vorrichtung zur Steuerung von Maschinen, insbesondere von Nähmaschinen, mit einer mit mindestens einem Druck- oder Kraftsensor (10, 11) bestückten Druckaufnahmefläche und einer Signalauswerteeinrichtung (12) zur Umsetzung des oder der Sensorsignale in allein vom ausgeübten Druck, nicht jedoch von der Bewegung irgendwelcher Vorrichtungsteile abhängige Steuersignale (24) für den Maschinenantrieb (21).Device for controlling machines, in particular sewing machines, with a pressure receiving area equipped with at least one pressure or force sensor (10, 11) and a signal evaluation device (12) for converting the sensor signal or signals into the pressure exerted alone, but not from the movement of any Device-dependent control signals (24) for the machine drive (21). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Empfindlichkeit des mindestens einen Druck- oder Kraftsenors (10, 11) einstellbar ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensitivity of the at least one pressure or force sensor (10, 11) is adjustable. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 mit mindestens zwei Druck- oder Kraftsensoren (10, 11), bei der die Signalauswerteeinrichtung (12) eine Verriegelungseinrichtung (17) aufweist, die bei Ansprechen eines Sensors (10, 11) die Signalpfade (15, 16) mindestens eines Teils der anderen Sensoren (10, 11) unterbricht.Device according to Claim 1 or 2 with at least two pressure or force sensors (10, 11), in which the signal evaluation device (12) has a locking device (17) which, when a sensor (10, 11) responds, the signal paths (15, 16) interrupts at least part of the other sensors (10, 11). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Signalauswerteeinrichtung (12) einen Analog/Digital-Wandler zur Erzeugung digitaler Ansteuersignale (24) für den Maschinenantrieb (21) aufweist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the signal evaluation device (12) has an analog / digital converter for generating digital control signals (24) for the machine drive (21). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Signalauswerteeinrichtung (12) eine Codier-Einrichtung (20) zur Erzeugung codierter Ansteuersignale (24) für den Maschinenantrieb (21) aufweist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the signal evaluation device (12) has a coding device (20) for generating coded control signals (24) for the machine drive (21). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Codiereinrichtung (20) als EPROM zur Ermöglichung einer einfachen Anpassung der Vorrichtung an Maschinenantriebe (21), die unterschiedlich codierte Ansteuersignale (24) benötigen, ausgebildet ist.Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the coding device (20) is designed as an EPROM to enable simple adaptation of the device to machine drives (21) which require differently coded control signals (24). Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Nähmaschine mit einer mit zwei Druck- oder Kraftsensoren (10, 11) bestückten Druckaufnahmefläche, wobei der erste Sensor (10) das Anheben des Nähfußes und den Fadenabschneider und der zweite Sensor (11) die Drehzahlvorwahl des Nähmaschinenantriebs beeinflussen.Device for controlling a sewing machine with a pressure receiving surface equipped with two pressure or force sensors (10, 11), the first sensor (10) influencing the lifting of the presser foot and the thread cutter and the second sensor (11) influencing the speed selection of the sewing machine drive. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Sensoren (10, 11) nebeneinander auf einer Trägerplatte angeordnet sind, und die Vorrichtung entweder durch Zweifußbedienung oder durch Einfußbedienung nach Drehen der Trägerplatte um 90° betätigbar ist.Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the two sensors (10, 11) are arranged next to one another on a carrier plate, and the device can be actuated either by two-foot operation or by one-foot operation after the carrier plate has been rotated through 90 °.
EP94114501A 1993-10-01 1994-09-15 Device for controlling machines Expired - Lifetime EP0646670B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9314892U 1993-10-01
DE9314892U DE9314892U1 (en) 1993-10-01 1993-10-01 Device for controlling machines

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EP0646670A1 true EP0646670A1 (en) 1995-04-05
EP0646670B1 EP0646670B1 (en) 1999-08-11

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DK (1) DK0646670T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2134302T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3031550T3 (en)
TR (1) TR27891A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT413459B (en) * 2003-07-15 2006-03-15 Arc Seibersdorf Res Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING A SWITCHING SIGNAL

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EP0646670B1 (en) 1999-08-11
DE59408611D1 (en) 1999-09-16
GR3031550T3 (en) 2000-01-31
DE9314892U1 (en) 1993-12-23
DK0646670T3 (en) 2000-03-06
ES2134302T3 (en) 1999-10-01
TR27891A (en) 1995-10-11

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