EP0587032B1 - Transducteur capacitif intégré - Google Patents
Transducteur capacitif intégré Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0587032B1 EP0587032B1 EP93113955A EP93113955A EP0587032B1 EP 0587032 B1 EP0587032 B1 EP 0587032B1 EP 93113955 A EP93113955 A EP 93113955A EP 93113955 A EP93113955 A EP 93113955A EP 0587032 B1 EP0587032 B1 EP 0587032B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transducer according
- electrode
- layer
- membrane
- electret
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005689 Fowler Nordheim tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012995 silicone-based technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/005—Electrostatic transducers using semiconductor materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
- H04R19/016—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
- H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a capacitive transducer. integrated and more particularly such a transducer electret in which the electret exhibits excellent charge retention and in which the distribution of loads is homogeneous.
- Such transducers are in particular intended for use as a microphone for prostheses hearing aids
- transducers or microphones used generally we find mainly transducers capacitive, piezoelectric and electro-dynamic type.
- the capacitive type transducers are distinguish by their sensitivity, their bandwidth, their stability and their low consumption and are, for these qualities, generally used in devices hearing aids.
- these transducers can be made of silicon in relatively small dimensions which allow the prostheses in which they are used to be easily miniaturized so that they are easily integrated into the ear.
- the transducers used in hearing aids currently on the market have dimensions of the order of 3.6 x 3.6 x 2.3 mm 3 .
- Teflon ® does not support high temperatures, electrets made using this material are not easily compatible with silicon-based technologies used in the manufacture of the rest of the transducer structure.
- the capacitive transducer electret comprises a rigid base made of silicon, carried by techniques analogous to those used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices and associated with a Mylar ® sheet (PET) forming the membrane of the transducer.
- PET Mylar ® sheet
- a layer of Si0 2 formed from the base and facing the membrane, in which charges have been implanted forms the electret.
- the charge of the electret must be done before the membrane is attached to the base.
- this charge must be carried out using costly implantation techniques, such as Corona implantation or electron beam implantation.
- charging the electret before the membrane is reported on the base limits the choice of manufacturing techniques that can be used later on this charging step so as not to deteriorate this charge.
- the bonding of the membrane to the base should be made at low temperature, for example, with epoxy glue.
- an electret thus formed discharges quickly so that it is necessary to treat the surface of SiO 2 , for example, by means of silanization in order to reduce the surface conduction and thereby increase even charge retention in the SiO 2 layer.
- the result of the latter remains ineffective due to its instability over time.
- the main aim of the invention is therefore to remedy the disadvantages of the aforementioned prior art in providing a capacitive transducer with integrated electret, which has an electret structure allowing it to be homogeneously and simply electrically charged with good charge retention properties and the state of charge can be precisely controlled, both during and after manufacturing the transducer.
- the transducer according to the invention can be, as the case if necessary, recharged, so that its lifespan is significantly increased compared to transducers at electret of the prior art.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a electret transducer can be achieved using complementary technologies of micromechanics and microelectronics.
- said transducer is characterized in that that said electret has a first layer conductive embedded in an insulating material.
- the charges introduced into the layer conductive are distributed homogeneously therein.
- the conductive layer embedded in a material insulation exhibits good retention characteristics of charges.
- FIG. 1 we see a plan view partially torn off from an integrated capacitive transducer according to the invention which is designated by the reference general 1.
- Figure 1 will be better understood by referring simultaneously with Figure 2.
- the capacitive transducer 1 generally comprises a upper plate 2 comprising a first electrode 4, an intermediate plate 6 comprising a second fixed electrode 8 ( Figure 3) and a bottom plate 10 forming, on the one hand, a support structure for the assembly formed by the two plates 2 and 6 and, on the other share, a rear chamber 12 of the transducer.
- the intermediate plate 6 is fixed, by means of a insulating spacer 14, to the upper plate 2 which is its turn fixed by its periphery to the support structure 10.
- the spacer 14 separates the upper plate 2 from the intermediate plate 6, leaving an open space 16 between the two plates 2 and 6, and electrically insulates the plates 2 and 6 from each other.
- the structure comprising plates 2 and 6, comprising electrodes 4 and 8, thus forms the element transducer capacitance 1.
- the upper plate 2 has a frame 18 to the interior of which extends the electrode 4.
- This electrode consists of a thin sheet, which is connected to the frame 18 by an inner edge 20.
- the electrode 4 forms also the mobile part or membrane of the transducer 1.
- the frame 18 and the electrode 4 advantageously have a structure monolithic and are made of a material semiconductor such as silicon.
- this monolithic structure advantageously reduces sensitivity to variations temperature, thus increasing the reliability of the transducer.
- frame 18 and the transducer membrane can be made in one piece and that the electrode 4 can be reported on the membrane.
- the materials used for the frame and the membrane are not necessarily electrically conductive.
- the upper plate 2 further comprises contact windows 22a-22d provided in the corners of the frame 18 for making electrical contacts with elements (described below) of the intermediate plate 6.
- the edges of these contact windows 22a-22d are coated a layer of insulating material 26a-26d.
- the intermediate plate 6 comprises, in addition to the electrode 8, an electret 30 comprising a first layer electrically conductive 32 embedded between two layers 34, 36 of an insulating material.
- Electret 30 extends substantially opposite the membrane 4 of the top plate 2.
- the plate 6 comprises a substrate 38 on the surface of which is a second layer electrically conductive forming the second electrode 8 fixed.
- the electret 30 is arranged on the surface of the second electrode 8.
- first insulating layer 34 the material layer insulator 34, in direct contact with the second electrode 8 will be called first insulating layer 34 and the layer of insulating material 36 extending opposite the part mobile 4 will be called second insulating layer 36.
- the intermediate plate 6 is connected to the upper plate 2 by a plurality of arms 40a-40h extending from plate 6 and the end of which is located opposite frame 18 to which they are fixed by through the spacers 14.
- the arms 40a-40h are formed by extensions of substrate 38 which extend respectively from the four corners of the plate 6 and from the middle of the sides of the plate 6.
- this structure for fixing the intermediate plate 6 to the upper plate by arms contributes to increasing the sensitivity of the transducer 1 by minimizing the parasitic capacity formed by the parts of the fixed plate located in the vicinity of the frame 18.
- a structure in connection with a membrane 4 having a thickness of the order of 3.65 x 10 -6 m makes it possible to achieve a sensitivity greater than 10mv / Pa.
- the second conductive layer or electrode 8 extends to the surface an arm 40a to form at its end a surface of contact 42 of electrode 8 with the outside.
- This surface 42 is of course not covered with layers insulating 34 and 36 and is located next to the window contact 22a.
- the substrate 38 is made in lightly p-doped silicon with orientation ⁇ 100>
- the second conductive layer 8 is formed by an n + doped region
- the first and second insulating layers 34 and 36 are made of oxide of silicon
- the first conductive layer 32 is made of doped polysilicon.
- the plate 6 further comprises in its zone opposite the electrode or movable part 4, a plurality of holes through 44 regularly distributed in lines and columns. These holes 44 reduce the acoustic resistance between the membrane 4 and the plate 6 and provide, in combination with the open space 16, a device of the acoustic structure of the transducer 1; which significantly improves the acoustic properties of the last. It is indeed possible to adjust the frequency response, e.g. bandwidth, transducer by a judicious arrangement of these holes.
- the intermediate plate 6 further comprises load means 46 and control means 48 of the charge of electret 30. We will refer more particularly in Figures 3, 5 and 6 to describe these means 46 and 48.
- the charging means 46 of the electret 30 comprise a third electrically conductive layer 50 disposed on the surface of the substrate 38.
- the layer 50 extends on the arm 40b and is isolated from the second electrode 8 by an extra thickness portion 52 of the first layer insulating 34.
- the first insulating layer 34 is extended and covers part of the layer 50; the no part covered with the latter constituting a surface of contact 54, which is arranged next to the window contact 22b of the frame 18.
- the first conductive layer 32 as well as the second insulating layer 36 extend also above layer 50. In this extension an injection area 56 is provided in which the thickness of the first insulating layer 34 between the conductive layers 32 and 50 is weak.
- the injection will take place more favorably if the relationship between the capacitance, which is formed by the counter electrode 8, the first insulating layer 34 and the layer conductive 32 and the capacitance, which is formed by the conductive layer 50, said first insulating layer 34 and the conductive layer 32, is large.
- the charging mechanism of the electret 30 is simpler than in the structures of the prior art and the charge can be easily checked and possibly adjusted after blow in order to obtain the desired charge density.
- the loads are distributed evenly across the insulated conductive layer 32. Also these means of load simplify the entire manufacturing process of the transducer in that they allow to charge the electret like any last operation so we can implement wet and high process steps temperature without having to take into account a possible discharge of the electret.
- Means for controlling the charge 48 of the electret 30 include a fourth layer electrically conductive 58 disposed on the surface of the substrate 38.
- the layer 58 extends over the arm 40c and is isolated from the second electrode 8 by a shoulder 60 of the substrate 38. At this shoulder 60, the substrate 38 is separated of the conductive layer 32 by a part of less thickness 62 of the first insulating layer 34.
- the first insulating layer 34 is extended and covers a part of the layer 58 and leaves a contact surface 64 (arranged opposite the contact window 22c of the frame contact 18).
- the first conductive layer 32 thus that the second insulating layer 36 also covers part of layer 58 so the layer conductive 32, forming the part which holds the charges of the electret 30, extends at least above the part thinner 62 and be completely isolated from outside.
- the structure of the load control means 48 thus forms a field effect transistor in which the source is formed by the conductive layer 8, the drain is formed by the conductive layer 58 and the grid is formed by the conductive layer 32.
- the sourcedrain current being a function among other things of the burden of grid (layer 32), measuring this current allows easily determine the state of charge of the electret 30 and readjust it using the load means 46 if this is necessary.
- the arm 40d comprises a part of substrate not covered by the insulating layers 34 and 36 forms a contact surface 66 which extends opposite contact window 22d and which allows you to control and to fix the potential of the substrate 38.
- the lower plate 10 forming the support means of the capacitive element of the transducer 1 comprises a element of generally planar shape and on one side of which a cavity has been formed forming the rear chamber 12 which is arranged opposite the intermediate plate 6.
- the cavity 12 includes a shoulder 68 which extends to its periphery substantially opposite frame 18 of the plate 6 and thus delimits a rim or rib 70 by which the lower plate 10 is connected to the upper plate 2.
- the plate 10 has a monolithic structure and is, like frame 18, made of a semiconductor material such as silicon. The fixing of the plate 10 on the frame 18 can thus be produced by simple welding silicon on silicon.
- the transducer of the invention has general dimensions of 2.3 x 2.3 x 1.0 mm 3 .
- the surface of the mobile part is 2.0 x 2.0 mm 2
- the thickness of the membrane is approximately 3.65 x 10 -6 m
- the thickness of the intermediate plate 6 is approximately 10 x 10 -6 m
- the thickness of the air film in the open space 14 is approximately 3 x 10 -6 m
- the internal volume delimited by the cavity 11 is approximately 5 mm 3 .
- the holes they have a diameter of approximately 30 x 10 -6 m and are approximately 400 per mm 2 so that they occupy approximately 28% of the surface of the membrane.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
Description
- une membrane comportant une partie mobile munie d'une électrode,
- une plaque fixe comportant une contre-électrode,
- une structure de support de l'électrode et de la contre-électrode,
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique de dessus partiellement arrachée du transducteur capacitif à électret intégré selon l'invention;
- la figure 2 est une coupe schématique selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique de dessus de la plaque fixe munie d'un électret et formant contre-électrode dans laquelle les trous et la couche supérieure d'isolant ont été omis;
- la figure 4 est une coupe partielle schématique agrandie, selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 3, de la plaque fixe formant contre-électrode munie de l'électret avec la couche supérieure d'isolant;
- la figure 5 est une coupe partielle schématique agrandie selon la ligne V-V de la figure 3 des moyens d'injection de charges dans l'électret avec la couche supérieure d'isolant; et
- la figure 6 est une coupe partielle schématique agrandie selon la ligne VI-VI de la figure 3 des moyens de contrôle de l'état de charge de l'électret avec la couche supérieure d'isolant.
Claims (16)
- Transducteur capacitif intégré (1) comprenant:une membrane comportant une partie mobile (4) munie d'une électrode,une plaque fixe (6) comportant une contre-électrode (8),une structure de support (10) de l'électrode et de la contre-électrode,
caractérisé en ce que ledit électret (30) comporte une première couche électriquement conductrice (32) noyée dans un matériau isolant (34, 36). - Transducteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de charge (46) de l'électret (30) intégrés dans ladite plaque (6).
- Transducteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque (6) comporte un substrat (38) et en ce que ladite contre-électrode est formée d'une deuxième couche électriquement conductrice (8) disposée sur une face du substrat (38).
- Transducteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'électret (30) est disposé à la surface de ladite contre-électrode (8) et en ce que ladite première couche conductrice (32) est disposée entre une couche de matériau isolant (34) en contact avec la contre-électrode (8) dite première couche isolante et une couche de matériau isolant (36) en regard de la membrane dite deuxième couche isolante.
- Transducteur selon l'une des revendications 2 et 3, 4, quand ces dernières sont dépendantes de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de charge (46) comprennent une troisième couche électriquement conductrice (50) disposée à la surface dudit substrat (38) et qui est isolée de ladite contre-électrode (8) par une surépaisseur (52) de la première couche isolante (34), et une zone de moindre épaisseur (56) ménagée dans ladite première couche isolante (34) au-dessus de laquelle s'étend la première couche conductrice (32).
- Transducteur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de contrôle (48) de l'état de charge de l'électret (30) intégrés dans ladite plaque fixe (6).
- Transducteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de contrôle (48) comprennent une quatrième couche (58) électriquement conductrice disposée à la surface dudit substrat (38) et isolée de ladite contre-électrode (8) par une zone en surépaisseur (60) du substrat (38).
- Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque fixe (6) est reliée à la membrane (4) par une pluralité de bras (40a - 40h) s'étendant à partir de ladite plaque (6).
- Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7 en combinaison avec la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les deuxième, troisième et quatrième couches conductrices (8, 50, 58) s'étendent chacune au moins sur un des bras de suspension (40a - 40h) de ladite plaque fixe (6).
- Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la membrane (4) est reliée à un cadre (18) comprenant des fenêtres de contact (22a, 22b, 22c) pour permettre un contact isolé de l'électrode (4) et en ce que ladite plaque (6) est fixée, par ses branches (40a - 40h) et au moyen d'entretoise isolante (14), audit cadre (18).
- Transducteur selon l'une des revendications 9 ou 10 caractérisé en ce que les fenêtres de contact (22a, 22b, 22c) sont disposées en regard des bras (40a,40b,40c) comportant les deuxième, troisième et quatrième couches conductrices (8, 50, 58).
- Transducteur selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le cadre comporte en outre une autre fenêtre de contact (22d) en regard d'un (40d) desdits bras de suspension (40a - 40h) pour établir un contact avec le substrat (38).
- Transducteur selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12 caractérisé en ce que la membrane (4) et le cadre (18) présentent une structure monolithique.
- Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque fixe (6) comprend une pluralité de trous traversants (44) régulièrement répartis dans la plaque (6)
- Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite structure de support (10) comprend un élément plan muni d'une cavité (12) s'étendant en regard de ladite plaque (6) et dont les bords (70) sont fixés à la périphérie de la membrane (4).
- Transducteur selon la revendication 15 quand celle-ci est dépendante de la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce que ladite cavité (12) comprend un épaulement (68) s'étendant à sa périphérie sensiblement en regard dudit cadre (18).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9210947 | 1992-09-11 | ||
FR9210947A FR2695787B1 (fr) | 1992-09-11 | 1992-09-11 | Transducteur capacitif intégré. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0587032A1 EP0587032A1 (fr) | 1994-03-16 |
EP0587032B1 true EP0587032B1 (fr) | 1998-04-08 |
Family
ID=9433486
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93113955A Expired - Lifetime EP0587032B1 (fr) | 1992-09-11 | 1993-09-01 | Transducteur capacitif intégré |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5677965A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0587032B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH06217397A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69317833T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0587032T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2695787B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (62)
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WO1997039464A1 (fr) | 1996-04-18 | 1997-10-23 | California Institute Of Technology | Microphone electret constitue d'un film mince |
DE19638159C2 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 2000-09-07 | Implex Hear Tech Ag | Vollständig implantierbare Hörhilfe zur elektrischen Anregung des Gehörs |
JP3604243B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-27 | 2004-12-22 | 長野計器株式会社 | 静電容量型トランスデューサ |
FI105880B (fi) | 1998-06-18 | 2000-10-13 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Mikromekaanisen mikrofonin kiinnitys |
US6088463A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-07-11 | Microtronic A/S | Solid state silicon-based condenser microphone |
WO2000070630A2 (fr) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-11-23 | California Institute Of Technology | Microphones a electret, a film fin en teflon®, a mems, haute performance |
US6522762B1 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2003-02-18 | Microtronic A/S | Silicon-based sensor system |
US6661897B2 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2003-12-09 | Clive Smith | Transducer for sensing body sounds |
US6499348B1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2002-12-31 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Dynamically configurable ultrasound transducer with integral bias regulation and command and control circuitry |
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US6842964B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2005-01-18 | Tucker Davis Technologies, Inc. | Process of manufacturing of electrostatic speakers |
GB2386031B (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2004-08-18 | Bruel & Kjaer Sound & Vibratio | A highly stable micromachined capacitive transducer |
US6847090B2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2005-01-25 | Knowles Electronics, Llc | Silicon capacitive microphone |
JP2002345088A (ja) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 圧力感応装置及びこれに用いられる半導体基板の製造方法 |
KR100409273B1 (ko) * | 2001-07-07 | 2003-12-11 | 주식회사 비에스이 | 칩 마이크로폰 |
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WO2003037212A2 (fr) | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-08 | Lesinski George S | Procede d'implantation dans la cochlee d'un element de commande microscopique de prothese auditive |
AU2002365352A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-10 | Corporation For National Research Initiatives | A miniature condenser microphone and fabrication method therefor |
JP2005529574A (ja) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-09-29 | カリフォルニア インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー | エレクトレット発電装置および方法 |
AU2003238881A1 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-22 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and resulting device for fabricating electret materials on bulk substrates |
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US6667189B1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-12-23 | Institute Of Microelectronics | High performance silicon condenser microphone with perforated single crystal silicon backplate |
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DE10300063A1 (de) * | 2003-01-03 | 2004-07-22 | W.L. Gore & Associates Gmbh | Membran für akustische Wandler |
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EP2005789B1 (fr) * | 2006-03-30 | 2010-06-16 | Sonion MEMS A/S | Transducteur acoustique à mems à puce unique et procédé de fabrication |
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EP3796671A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-30 | 2021-03-24 | The Regents of the University of Michigan | Microphone piézoélectrique en technologie mems |
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DE102009028177A1 (de) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bauelement mit einer mikromechanischen Mikrofonstruktur und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Bauelements |
TWI444052B (zh) * | 2009-12-17 | 2014-07-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 電容式傳感器及其製造方法 |
US8304846B2 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2012-11-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Silicon microphone with integrated back side cavity |
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WO2011083161A2 (fr) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-14 | Elmos Semiconductor Ag | Composant semi-conducteur microélectromécanique et son procédé de fabrication |
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FR3009907B1 (fr) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-09-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de conversion d'energie thermique en energie electrique |
DE102013224718A1 (de) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | MEMS-Mikrofonbauelement und Vorrichtung mit einem solchen MEMS-Mikrofonbauelement |
CN204046818U (zh) | 2014-07-28 | 2014-12-24 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | 电容mems麦克风 |
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SE428081B (sv) * | 1981-10-07 | 1983-05-30 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Tilledningsram for en elektretmikrofon |
US4524247A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-06-18 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Integrated electroacoustic transducer with built-in bias |
US4533795A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-08-06 | American Telephone And Telegraph | Integrated electroacoustic transducer |
NL8702589A (nl) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-16 | Microtel Bv | Elektro-akoestische transducent van de als elektreet aangeduide soort, en een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een dergelijke transducent. |
US4906840A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1990-03-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Jr., University | Integrated scanning tunneling microscope |
US4993072A (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1991-02-12 | Lectret S.A. | Shielded electret transducer and method of making the same |
US5208789A (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1993-05-04 | Lectret S. A. | Condenser microphones based on silicon with humidity resistant surface treatment |
-
1992
- 1992-09-11 FR FR9210947A patent/FR2695787B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-09-01 EP EP93113955A patent/EP0587032B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-01 DE DE69317833T patent/DE69317833T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-01 DK DK93113955T patent/DK0587032T3/da active
- 1993-09-10 JP JP5225387A patent/JPH06217397A/ja active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-09-20 US US08/309,329 patent/US5677965A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2695787B1 (fr) | 1994-11-10 |
US5677965A (en) | 1997-10-14 |
EP0587032A1 (fr) | 1994-03-16 |
DK0587032T3 (da) | 1999-02-08 |
FR2695787A1 (fr) | 1994-03-18 |
DE69317833T2 (de) | 1998-11-12 |
DE69317833D1 (de) | 1998-05-14 |
JPH06217397A (ja) | 1994-08-05 |
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