EP0435029B2 - Data carrier with a liquid crystal security element - Google Patents

Data carrier with a liquid crystal security element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0435029B2
EP0435029B2 EP90123341A EP90123341A EP0435029B2 EP 0435029 B2 EP0435029 B2 EP 0435029B2 EP 90123341 A EP90123341 A EP 90123341A EP 90123341 A EP90123341 A EP 90123341A EP 0435029 B2 EP0435029 B2 EP 0435029B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
data carrier
security element
carrier
crystal material
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP90123341A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0435029A2 (en
EP0435029A3 (en
EP0435029B1 (en
Inventor
Christoph Heckenkamp
Gerhard Schwenk
Jürgen Moll
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GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
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GAO Gesellschaft fuer Automation und Organisation mbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/364Liquid crystals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07FCOIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/086Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355Security threads
    • B42D2033/26

Definitions

  • the invention relates to data carriers, such as securities or identity cards with a optically variable security element that serves as an authenticity feature and different color impressions at different viewing angles mediates, and which contains a liquid crystalline material containing a liquid crystal polymer is, which in oriented form at room temperature as a solid is present and in which the liquid crystalline state in a polymer matrix is frozen.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing the data carrier.
  • optically variable elements as security elements propagated. Such elements have in common that depending on lighting and viewing conditions different color or brightness renditions exhibit.
  • optically variable elements include diffraction gratings, Holograms, interference coatings, metameric colors and polarizing coatings.
  • a card is already from WO-A-82/02445 known that contains optically recognizable markings, these markings in turn with a liquid crystal element are covered.
  • the normal state is the liquid crystalline layer opaque so that the mark underneath is not can be seen.
  • By inserting the card in the liquid crystal is an electric field But put the layer in a transparent state, so that the marking for test purposes becomes recognizable.
  • Holograms and gratings are based on diffraction effects.
  • Interference coatings exist usually from several superimposed ones Layers, the layer thicknesses in size the wavelength of light.
  • Metameric printing inks usually exist from mixtures of pigments with different Remission gangs. This composition causes a change in the type of lighting the metameric colors their visual color impression change.
  • Dichroic dyes have the property white light depending on the polarization direction in different Absorb wavelength ranges. The result is a polarization-dependent color impression.
  • liquid crystal polymers are more appropriately oriented Manufacture a plastic-like one at room temperature Solid body with a pronounced Color interplay.
  • Such a suitable manufacturing process consists, for example, of doctoring of the still liquid material on a base and the subsequent curing by UV radiation.
  • liquid crystal polymers in particular liquid crystal silicone polymers and cholesteric organopolysiloxanes.
  • suitable Liquid crystal polymers, their chemical structure and their manufacture are published in the Patent applications EP-OS 0 136 501, EP-OS 0 060 335 and EP-PS 0 066 137. On the disclosure content of these publications expressly referred.
  • Liquid crystals behave despite a structural one Anisotropy usually like a liquid, which is why it is necessary to use these materials enclosed in capsules or cavities. From this results in a complicated manufacturing technique.
  • the complex encapsulation of the FK materials it is because of the risk of injury to the cavities or capsules not possible the suggested Security elements in the conventional Way under pressure and heat application (classic laminating technology) in foils or identity papers embed.
  • the suggested Security elements in the conventional Way under pressure and heat application (classic laminating technology) in foils or identity papers embed.
  • Liquid crystals can, however, also be used accordingly Processing in solid form and depending on the processing method have high level alignment of their molecules, whereby the optically variable properties in full Stand out in scope and in full brilliance. at exceeds the LC systems according to the invention the color purity of the reflected light is rare a range of 100 nm, the color change effects with the change in the viewing angle are very pronounced, the reflected and transmitted Light has a pronounced circular polarization on.
  • the fully trained optically variable Properties make such FK polymers in particularly suitable for use as Security element on data carriers, securities and ID cards. The color changing games are themselves easy to observe for laypeople.
  • the wavelength selective Make reflectivity and the polarization effects the material highly suitable for one automated testing.
  • the object of the invention is to further modify the known security feature. This task is carried out by the independent Features mentioned claims solved.
  • the invention makes itself known take advantage of the fact that due to the IR transmission of the LC polymers Machine features can be arranged under the FK polymers.
  • the solid state properties of the FK polymers significantly ease it out of them To manufacture security elements. For the first time it does not apply enclosing the liquid crystals in one Hollow body, secondly there is no risk of Bursting and leakage of the liquid crystals during subsequent processing steps and during the life of the disk.
  • the Design manufacturing processes and the application very easy.
  • the plastic-like properties of the Liquid crystal polymers enable easy Processing to semi-finished or finished product.
  • the starting material is generally as granules and can be used with those from plastic production known methods and machines shaped and processed. Thereby it becomes in the field of security technology possible, entirely on the basis of LC polymers different types of security elements manufacture and various use cases cover.
  • So carrier webs can be made from a tearproof Plastic coated with a layer of FK polymer become.
  • the resulting web of material can subsequently become narrow webs or threads to be cut in as security threads Paper or other substances can be embedded can.
  • multi-layer Foil sheets are made that have an embedded Contain a layer of an FK polymer.
  • Such sheets can be used as adhesive or transfer tapes be designed to stick on or stamping transfer elements on paper or plastic surfaces.
  • FK polymers can also be used as Produce self-supporting foils. These slides can for example as film layers for multilayer ID cards are used.
  • FIGS. 9a and b relate to FIGS. 9a and b, not the invention.
  • FK polymers are a special variant of Liquid crystals, in which the liquid crystalline Is "frozen" in a polymer matrix, which makes the optical properties special stand out significantly. So absorb liquid crystal polymers usually no light, their coloring arises from multiple interference of light at the individual crystal levels. The color impression in reflected and transmitted light is accordingly different. Contains the reflected color spectrum only a narrow frequency range around a central one Wavelength and thereby shows a high Color saturation. The transmitted spectrum is complementary to reflect and shows a slump in the range around the central wavelength.
  • the lattice constants of inventive oriented FK polymers can range from 300 nm to 1,000 nm set or at Synthesis can be defined so that the reflected Central wavelength with vertical incidence in the near Infrared or in the visible. With flatter the observation angle that shifts Central wavelength of the reflection band in the direction shorter wavelengths. For example the wavelength reflected in supervision in comparison for reflection at 60 ° larger by approx. 20%.
  • Fig. 1 shows the spectral reflection R one FC layer with vertically incident lighting in curve 1 and with one direction of illumination of 60 ° in curve 2.
  • the color impression can accordingly for special FK polymers from green to violet, from yellow to blue, from light red to green or with an IR reflection band of black change to red.
  • the lattice constant and therefore the basic color of the liquid crystal polymer depends on the exact chemical structure of the liquid crystal and can by the synthesis conditions defined in the range between 300 and 1,000 nm can be set.
  • Fig. 2 shows an application of an LC polymer for a window security thread.
  • a security thread 13 during papermaking is embedded in such a way that he was in the windows 14 on the surface of the paper lies and is therefore visually recognizable.
  • the width of such fluctuates Security threads between 0.5 and a few Millimeters.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first variant in cross section for a security thread 13a; it consists of one Plastic carrier 20, preferably for this a polyester film with a typical thickness of 20 - 100 microns used.
  • the carrier 20 is on one side with a thickness of several micrometers Layer 21 coated from an FK polymer.
  • Layer 21 coated from an FK polymer.
  • the film 20 is preferred colored black.
  • the thread is during the papermaking so oriented that the liquid crystal layer is present on the visible outer surface.
  • Fig. 4 shows in cross section as a further variant a security thread 13b with a symmetrical Layer structure.
  • Symmetrical security threads have the advantage that during the embedding in the paper does not depend on the orientation must pay attention to the thread.
  • the thread 13b is made of two carrier films 20, both one-sided coated from a layer 21 of LC polymers are.
  • the carrier films 20 are with a laminating agent 22 connected so that a symmetrical layer structure with external FK layers are created.
  • To the richness of color you can choose to increase the carrier webs 20 and / or the laminating agent 22 with Color transparent or pigment colors. A In terms of manufacturing technology, it is only the Coloring agent 22, preferably opaque black is used for this.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further variant of a symmetrical constructed security thread 13c in Cross-section.
  • the carrier films 20 on the outer sides of the thread 13c and thus protect the internal FK layers 21 from damage.
  • the lamination mediator colored with a dye. Because the outside Backing layers 20 must remain transparent, they either fail or become weak colored.
  • FIG. 6a and 6b show a further variant of a security thread 13d in cross section (Fig. 6a) and in supervision (Fig. 6b).
  • the thread 13d has analogous to FIG. 5, a symmetrical layer structure from two carrier films 20, two FK layers 21 and an adhesive layer 22.
  • a Manufacturing process became the thread of two coated film pairs 30, 31 assembled.
  • Print image 34 provided in black color and although on the surface of a FK polymer layer in a conventional printing process
  • Alphanumeric characters applied in micro script In addition, a transparent lamination agent 22 used. Appear in transmitted light now in the window areas of the paper the characters black in front of the optically variable Color background of the polymer layer. In incident light however, only the micro characters show one Color change.
  • the security thread 6a and 6b are the characters 34 in green microprint on one of the FK layers applied while the lamination agent 22nd is colored black.
  • the FK material chosen so that it is under a certain Viewing angle, for example under a vertical one Incidence on the black background appears in green.
  • the total area then appears at this angle green.
  • the viewing angle changes the color of the FK polymer layer changes, while in the font the green hue remains dominant. The result is a security thread whose writing only when the Thread becomes visible.
  • the security thread consists of a carrier film 20 and a layer 21 made of LC polymers.
  • the polymer layer was made in a conventional Printing process with a pattern of different colored, diagonal stripes 40 printed.
  • pattern 40 red 41, yellow 42, green 43, blue 44 selected Patterns repeated any number of times over the thread length.
  • the FK polymer can with appropriate color matching of the FK polymer with the colored stripes with the one shown Arrangement when the thread is tilted Illusion of a moving along the thread colored stripe.
  • Analogous 5 this embodiment variant can also be used to a security thread with a symmetrical Expand layer structure.
  • the variants shown in Figs. 3-7 can depending on the desired appearance can be varied in many ways.
  • the optically variable Effects of the FK polymers can be Coloring any layers with "classic" Combine colors, being both dyes transparent dyes as well as pigment dyes can be used.
  • the dyes themselves can be in any layer (also in the FK layer, then only in low concentrations) of the security thread and / or as a printed image on any other Layer of thread to be applied.
  • the variants of Security threads can be based on a produce a single semi-finished product.
  • a film web 20 from a Backing material such as polyester plastic with a Layer 21 of FK polymers coated.
  • the thickness of the film web is preferably in the range of less than a tenth of a millimeter, for the FK coating there is usually a film thickness of about 10 microns is sufficient.
  • the typical web widths of the semi-finished product in the range of one meter.
  • the thread width depends on the desired application between an area from 0.5 - 5.0 mm.
  • the threads thus obtained are particularly suitable for embedding in paper, can also between the plastic layers an ID card can be embedded.
  • Another class of security elements form the transfer elements, they are often up Credit cards, ID cards, banknotes, securities and the like applied to them from counterfeiting and especially before duplication protect by copying.
  • Security elements on the base are also suitable of FK polymers due to their optically variable Characteristics.
  • the transfer elements are after the transfer process of carrier tapes on the surface of the objects to be protected transfer.
  • the 8a and 8b show an identification card 50 with a symbolically indicated data record 49 and with a transfer security element 51 in supervision and as a sectional view.
  • the security element 51 contains a layer of an FK polymer, which is why it is typical of these materials Has color change interactions.
  • Fig. 8b shows a section through the ID card along the line l / l in Fig 8a.
  • the height of the element is strong exaggerated, usually it is only a few 10 microns.
  • Lie on the substrate 53 successively an adhesive layer 54, a protective lacquer layer 55, an FK layer 56 and to the outside final protective lacquer layer 57.
  • This security element this in a very simple Embodiment is shown, can be varied Ways vary.
  • Fig. 8 crest shape 61 shown is therefore representative for a strip, a seal, a company logo, an alphanumeric character, a number, Guilloche pattern, etc.
  • shape of the Outline 61 receives the optically variable element an individual expression.
  • FIG. 9a and 9b show in supervision and as Sectional view of an application variant according to the invention, in the map data with an FK element at the same time inconspicuous camouflaged and protected from falsification.
  • FK polymers with visually visible color change interactions are mostly transparent and in the infrared can thus be effortlessly in the infrared range legible codes can be combined.
  • the first printing process was done on the surface a card 70 with an IR absorbent Ink 71 applied a code 72.
  • this IR coding 72 an IR-transparent, in the visible spectral range but opaque opaque color 73 overprinted.
  • an FK security element was created 74 on this area on the Cover color 73 sealed.
  • Fig. 10 shows the structure of a transfer belt 100 in cross section as it is for applying Security elements with an LC layer on one Substrate surface is suitable.
  • a carrier film 101 On a carrier film 101 there are successively a layer of wax 102, a protective lacquer layer 103, a Layer of an FK polymer 104, a color layer 105 and a hot glue layer 106.
  • Die Carrier film preferably consists of a tear-resistant Plastic (polyester) with a thickness in the area less than a tenth of a millimeter.
  • the remaining layers of a transfer belt usually a thickness of a few micrometers up to a few 10 micrometers.
  • the one on the Form layers 103-106 lying in the wax layer the later security element.
  • the transfer belt can be of color effects during colored in different layers during its manufacture or printed.
  • the substrate becomes the transfer belt 100 as shown in FIG. 11, with the hot-melt adhesive layer 106 on the Substrate 111 placed and pressed.
  • the pressing is done with a heated transfer stamp 112 or alternatively with a transfer roller. Under pressure and heat combines the hot glue layer with the substrate. simultaneously melts the separation layer 102 and enables this Peeling off the carrier material 101.
  • FK polymers can also be processed into films. In this form, they are particularly suitable as large or full-surface security elements for multi-layer ID cards.
  • a laminated ID card 120 which consists of a Paper liner 121 and two external thermoplastic Cover foils 122 and 123 exist.
  • the Layers are applied under pressure and heat pressed into a compact ID card.
  • the card information is usually on printed on the ticker, in the example shown an image of the holder 124, card data 125 and a Has company logo 126.
  • To increase the security against counterfeiting was in between building the map the ticking and the top cover foil in the left half of the card is a film made of FK polymer 127 inserted.
  • the color change interactions of the liquid crystal film can be through the transparent cover film watch, with the colored printed company logo 126 additional color effects added.
  • FK connections network under the influence high energy (e.g. UV) radiation and This is the only way to form a chemically stable film.
  • Unexposed, i.e. H. unhardened areas can be removed with solvents.
  • Analogous to the known phototechnical processes of Semiconductor and printing plate manufacturing technology can be used to define a defined area of a FK film exposed through a mask and then the coating in the unexposed areas be chemically removed so that patterns, Letters, numbers etc. arise.
  • Such slides are preferably made of a liquid crystal substance manufactured.
  • the LC substance processed on a roller mill.
  • the alignment necessary for the optical effects the liquid crystal molecules are caused by shear forces, that occur during rolling.
  • the so made Foil material is particularly suitable for production of ID cards, but can also be other authenticity marks, such as a security thread.
  • Liquid crystal polymers are particularly suitable Way their polarization properties and their Wavelength selectivity.
  • the reflected light is initially spectrally on a range around the central wavelength constricted, moreover it becomes unpolarized Light in liquid crystal operators in right and left rotating components disassembled. ever according to the chemical composition of the polymer only one of the two parts is reflected while the complementary part is transmitted.
  • One way of machine testing is the following on a film made of FK polymer depicted on a black, complete absorbent carrier 128.
  • element 130 is placed under a predetermined angle with an unpolarized Light beam 131, for example an incandescent lamp 129 illuminated. After reflection, the light beam hits 132 to the detector system shown in FIG. 14 133 with which the detection of the spectral Filtering and circular polarization performed becomes.
  • the structure of the detector system 133 shows Fig. 14. Passes through detector system 133 the reflected beam 132 is initially a color filter 141, the only light of the expected central wavelength lets happen. Then the light beam hits a lambda / 4 plate 142, which is the circular polarization converted to a linear polarization. Subsequently the light falls on a 1: 1 beam splitter 143, from where the two partial beams 144, 145 on two detectors 146, 147 arranged in front of it Polarization filters 148, 149 arrive.
  • the polarization planes 150, 151 of the two filters are available perpendicular to each other, they are at the same time under both optical axes of the Lambda / 4 plate 45 ° aligned.
  • the detector system can be realized in many ways.
  • 15 shows as a maintenance friendly alternative an arrangement using optical fibers.
  • the basis of the optical arrangement is again Fig. 13.
  • the detector system 133 runs through the light beam 132 first reflected a color filter 161 for checking the central wavelength.
  • Lambda / 4 plate 162 becomes the circular Polarization converted to linear.
  • a coupling optics 153 couples the light beam 132 into Optical fiber system 154, known beam switches split the beam into equivalent sub-beams. At the end of each sub-bundle there is a pair of polarizers and detectors 155/156 and 157/158 for the two different directions of polarization.

Abstract

Data carriers protected against forgery attempts using colour copiers, such as an identity card or a security, which include an optically variable security element of a liquid crystal material. This security element, such as for example a security thread, has a layer similar to plastic of a liquid crystal polymer, which exhibits a pronounced iridescence at room temperature. The plastic-like properties of the liquid crystal polymers permit easy processing to form a semi-finished or finished product, so that very diverse types of security elements can be produced. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Datenträger, wie Wertpapiere oder Ausweiskarten mit einem optisch variablen Sicherheitselement, das als Echtheitsmerkmal dient und bei unterschiedlichen Betrachtungswinkeln unterschiedliche Farbeindrücke vermittelt, und das ein flüssigkristallines Material enthält, das ein Flüssigkristallpolymer ist, welches in orientierter Form bei Raumtemperatur als Festkörper vorliegt und bei dem der flüssigkristalline Zustand in einer Polymermatrix eingefroren ist. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Datenträgers.The invention relates to data carriers, such as securities or identity cards with a optically variable security element that serves as an authenticity feature and different color impressions at different viewing angles mediates, and which contains a liquid crystalline material containing a liquid crystal polymer is, which in oriented form at room temperature as a solid is present and in which the liquid crystalline state in a polymer matrix is frozen. The invention also relates to a method for producing the data carrier.

Die zunehmende technische Reife von Farbkopierern führt zu Kopien, die in Farbe, Auflösung und Qualität immer weniger von den Originalen zu unterscheiden sind. Als Schutz vor Fälschung mit Hilfe von Farbkopierern oder Scannern wird für Datenträger mehr und mehr die Verwendung von optisch variablen Elementen als Sicherheitselemente propagiert. Solche Elemente haben gemeinsam, daß sie je nach Beleuchtungs- und Betrachtungsbedingungen unterschiedliche Farb- oder Helligkeitswiedergaben aufweisen. Zu den gebräuchlichsten optisch variablen Elementen zählen Beugungsgitter, Hologramme, Interferenzbeschichtungen, metamere Farben und polarisierende Beschichtungen.The increasing technical maturity of color copiers leads to copies in color, resolution and quality less and less from the originals are different. As protection against counterfeiting Color copiers or scanners are used for Disk more and more the use of optically variable elements as security elements propagated. Such elements have in common that depending on lighting and viewing conditions different color or brightness renditions exhibit. Among the most common optically variable elements include diffraction gratings, Holograms, interference coatings, metameric colors and polarizing coatings.

Aus der WO-A-82/02445 ist bereits eine Karte bekannt, die optisch erkennbare Markierungen enthält, wobei diese Markierungen wiederum mit einem flüssigkristallinen Element abgedeckt sind. Im Normalzustand ist die flüssigkristalline Schicht opak, so daß die darunterliegende Markierung nicht zu erkennen ist. Durch das Einbringen der Karte in ein elektrisches Feld läßt sich die flüssigkristalline Schicht jedoch in einen transparenten Zustand versetzen, so daß dann die Markierung zu Prüfzwekken erkennbar wird.A card is already from WO-A-82/02445 known that contains optically recognizable markings, these markings in turn with a liquid crystal element are covered. in the The normal state is the liquid crystalline layer opaque so that the mark underneath is not can be seen. By inserting the card in the liquid crystal is an electric field But put the layer in a transparent state, so that the marking for test purposes becomes recognizable.

Hologramme und Gitter basieren auf Beugungswirkungen. Interferenzbeschichtungen bestehen meist aus mehreren übereinanderliegenden Schichten, wobei die Schichtdicken in der Größe der Wellenlänge des Lichts liegen.Holograms and gratings are based on diffraction effects. Interference coatings exist usually from several superimposed ones Layers, the layer thicknesses in size the wavelength of light.

Metamere Druckfarben bestehen üblicherweise aus Mischungen von Pigmenten mit unterschiedlichen Remissionsbanden. Diese Zusammensetzung bewirkt, daß bei einem Wechsel der Beleuchtungsart die metameren Farben ihren visuellen Farbeindruck verändern.Metameric printing inks usually exist from mixtures of pigments with different Remission gangs. This composition causes a change in the type of lighting the metameric colors their visual color impression change.

Dichroitische Farbstoffe haben die Eigenschaft, weißes Licht je nach Polarisationsrichtung in unterschiedlichen Wellenlängenbereichen zu absorbieren. Die Folge ist ein polarisationsabhängiger Farbeindruck.Dichroic dyes have the property white light depending on the polarization direction in different Absorb wavelength ranges. The result is a polarization-dependent color impression.

Nachteilig ist bei den bekannten optisch variablen Echtheitsmerkmalen, daß diese entweder in der Herstellung sehr teuer, mit herkömmlichen Herstellverfahren nicht verarbeitbar oder mit anderen Echheitsmerkmalen oder Kartenelementen nur begrenzt kompatibel sind.A disadvantage of the known optically variable Authenticity features that these either in the Manufacturing very expensive, with conventional manufacturing processes cannot be processed or with other authenticity features or card elements only limited are compatible.

Es ist bereits bekannt Flüssigkristall-Polymeren als Sicherheitselemente zu verwenden. Diese Polymere stellen nach geeigneter orientierter Herstellung bei Raumtemperatur einen kunststoffähnlichen Festkörper mit einem ausgeprägten Farbwechselspiel dar. Ein derart geeignetes Herstellverfahren besteht beispielsweise im Aufrakeln des noch flüssigen Materials auf eine Unterlage und das anschließende Aushärten durch UV-Bestrahlung. Als Flüssigkristall-Polymere eignen sich insbesondere Fiüssigkristall-Silikonpolymere und cholesterinische Organopolysiloxane. Geeignete Flüssigkristallpolymere, deren chemische Struktur und deren Herstellung sind in den veröffentlichten Patentanmeldungen EP-OS 0 136 501, EP-OS 0 060 335 und EP-PS 0 066 137 beschrieben. Auf den Offenbarungsgehalt dieser Druckschriften wird ausdrücklich Bezug genommen.It is already known to use liquid crystal polymers as security elements. These polymers are more appropriately oriented Manufacture a plastic-like one at room temperature Solid body with a pronounced Color interplay. Such a suitable manufacturing process consists, for example, of doctoring of the still liquid material on a base and the subsequent curing by UV radiation. Are suitable as liquid crystal polymers in particular liquid crystal silicone polymers and cholesteric organopolysiloxanes. suitable Liquid crystal polymers, their chemical structure and their manufacture are published in the Patent applications EP-OS 0 136 501, EP-OS 0 060 335 and EP-PS 0 066 137. On the disclosure content of these publications expressly referred.

Die Verwendung von konventionellen Flüssigkristallen als Sicherheitselement ist bereits in der AU-PS 488 652 (Commonwealth) vorgeschlagen. Diese Druckschrift beschreibt eine laminierte Banknote mit einer Zwischenschicht, in der ein Sicherheitselement in Form eines Flüssigkristallmaterials eingelagert ist. Das FK-Material wird drucktechnisch auf ein Inlett aufgetragen. Die Flüssigkristalle befinden sich in einem flüssigen Aggregatzustand und werden, eingebettet in allseits geschlossene Mikrokapseln, einer Druckfarbe zugemischt. Die Prüfung auf Echtheit erfolgt durch Farbwechsel des Sicherheitselements infolge einer Temperaturänderung.The use of conventional liquid crystals as a security element is already in AU-PS 488 652 (Commonwealth) proposed. This publication describes a laminated banknote with an intermediate layer, in which a security element in Form of a liquid crystal material is stored. The FK material is printed on an ticking applied. The liquid crystals are in a liquid state of matter and are embedded in microcapsules closed on all sides, one Ink mixed. The authenticity check is done by changing the color of the security element due to a change in temperature.

Flüssigkristalle verhalten sich trotz einer strukturellen Anisotropie üblicherweise wie eine Flüssigkeit, weshalb es erforderlich ist, diese Materialien in Kapseln oder Hohlräume einzuschließen. Hieraus resultiert eine komplizierte Fertigungstechnik. Neben der aufwendigen Einkapselung der FK-Materialien ist es wegen der Verletzungsgefahr der Hohlräume oder Kapseln nicht möglich, die vorgeschlagenen Sicherheitselemente in der herkömmlichen Art und Weise unter Druck- und Wärmeanwendung (klassische Kaschiertechnik) in Folien oder Ausweispapiere einzubetten. Ebenso ungeeignet sind gekapselte Flüssigkristalle als Sicherheitselement auf Banknoten oder Wertpapieren mit Stahltiefdruck, da die in diesem Herstellverfahren notwendigen hohen Druckbelastungen zur Zerstörung der Kapseln und Hohlräume führen. Liquid crystals behave despite a structural one Anisotropy usually like a liquid, which is why it is necessary to use these materials enclosed in capsules or cavities. From this results in a complicated manufacturing technique. Next the complex encapsulation of the FK materials it is because of the risk of injury to the cavities or capsules not possible the suggested Security elements in the conventional Way under pressure and heat application (classic laminating technology) in foils or identity papers embed. Are also unsuitable encapsulated liquid crystals as a security element on banknotes or securities with steel intaglio printing, because the necessary in this manufacturing process high pressure loads to destroy the Capsules and cavities lead.

Flüssigkristalle können aber auch nach entsprechender Verarbeitung in fester Form vorliegen und vom Verarbeitungsverfahren abhängig eine hochgradige Ausrichtung ihrer Moleküle aufweisen, wodurch die optisch variablen Eigenschaften in vollem Umfang und in voller Brillanz hervortreten. Bei den erfindungsgemäßen FK-Systemen überschreitet die Farbreinheit des reflektierten Lichts nur selten einen Bereich von 100 nm, die Farbwechseleffekte mit der Änderung des Betrachtungswinkels sind sehr ausgeprägt, das reflektierte und transmittierte Licht weist eine ausgeprägte zirkulare Polarisation auf. Die vollausgebildeten optisch variablen Eigenschaften machen derartige FK-Polymere in besonderer Weise geeignet für die Verwendung als Sicherheitselement auf Datenträgern, Wertpapieren und Ausweisen. Die Farbwechselspiele sind selbst für Laien leicht beobachtbar. Die wellenlängenselektive Reflektivität und die Polarisationseffekte machen das Material in hohem Maß geeignet für eine automatisierte Prüfung.Liquid crystals can, however, also be used accordingly Processing in solid form and depending on the processing method have high level alignment of their molecules, whereby the optically variable properties in full Stand out in scope and in full brilliance. at exceeds the LC systems according to the invention the color purity of the reflected light is rare a range of 100 nm, the color change effects with the change in the viewing angle are very pronounced, the reflected and transmitted Light has a pronounced circular polarization on. The fully trained optically variable Properties make such FK polymers in particularly suitable for use as Security element on data carriers, securities and ID cards. The color changing games are themselves easy to observe for laypeople. The wavelength selective Make reflectivity and the polarization effects the material highly suitable for one automated testing.

Die Verwendung derartiger Flüssigkristallpolymere in fester Form als Sicherheitsmerkmal für Karten ist aus der JP-A-63-51193 bekannt.The use of such liquid crystal polymers in solid form as a security feature for cards is known from JP-A-63-51193.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das bekannte Sicherheitsmerkmal weiter zu modifizieren. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen der unabhängigen Ansprüche genannten Merkmale gelöst. Die Erfindung macht sich die Erkenntnis zunutze, daß aufgrund der IR-Durchlässigkeit der FK-Polymere weitere Maschinenmerkmale unter den FK-Polymeren angeordnet sein können.The object of the invention is to further modify the known security feature. This task is carried out by the independent Features mentioned claims solved. The invention makes itself known take advantage of the fact that due to the IR transmission of the LC polymers Machine features can be arranged under the FK polymers.

Die Festkörpereigenschaften der FK-Polymere erleichtern es in beträchtlichem Maß, aus ihnen Sicherheitselemente herzustellen. Zum ersten entfällt das Einschließen der Flüssigkristalle in einen Hohlkörper, zum zweiten besteht keine Gefahr des Aufplatzens und des Austritts der Flüssigkristalle während nachfolgender Bearbeitungsschritte und während der Lebensdauer des Datenträgers. Die Fertigungsprozesse und die Anwendung gestalten sich dadurch äußerst problemlos.The solid state properties of the FK polymers significantly ease it out of them To manufacture security elements. For the first time it does not apply enclosing the liquid crystals in one Hollow body, secondly there is no risk of Bursting and leakage of the liquid crystals during subsequent processing steps and during the life of the disk. The Design manufacturing processes and the application very easy.

Die kunststoffähnlichen Eigenschaften der Flüssigkristallpolymere ermöglichen eine leichte Verarbeitung zu Halbzeug oder zum fertigen Produkt. Das Ausgangsmaterial liegt im allgemeinen als Granulat vor und kann mit den aus der Kunststoffertigung bekannten Verfahren und Maschinen geformt und weiterverarbeitet werden. Dadurch wird es auf dem Gebiet der Sicherheitstechnik möglich, auf der Basis von FK-Polymeren ganz unterschiedliche Arten von Sicherheitselementen herzustellen und verschiedene Anwendungsfälle abzudecken.The plastic-like properties of the Liquid crystal polymers enable easy Processing to semi-finished or finished product. The starting material is generally as granules and can be used with those from plastic production known methods and machines shaped and processed. Thereby it becomes in the field of security technology possible, entirely on the basis of LC polymers different types of security elements manufacture and various use cases cover.

So können Trägerbahnen aus einem reißfesten Kunststoff mit einer Schicht aus FK-Polymeren beschichtet werden. Die resultierende Materialbahn kann anschließend zu schmalen Bahnen oder Fäden geschnitten werden, die als Sicherheitsfäden in Papier oder anderen Stoffen eingebettet werden können.So carrier webs can be made from a tearproof Plastic coated with a layer of FK polymer become. The resulting web of material can subsequently become narrow webs or threads to be cut in as security threads Paper or other substances can be embedded can.

Alternativ dazu können auch mehrschichtige Folienbahnen hergestellt werden, die eine eingebettete Schicht aus einem FK-Polymer enthalten. Solche Bahnen können als Klebe- oder Transferbänder gestaltet werden, die sich zum Aufkleben oder Aufstempeln von Transferelementen auf Papier- oder Kunststoffoberflächen eignen.Alternatively, multi-layer Foil sheets are made that have an embedded Contain a layer of an FK polymer. Such sheets can be used as adhesive or transfer tapes be designed to stick on or stamping transfer elements on paper or plastic surfaces.

Schließlich lassen sich FK-Polymere auch als selbsttragende Folien herstellen. Diese Folien können beispielsweise als Folienlagen für mehrschichtige Ausweiskarten verwendet werden.Finally, FK polymers can also be used as Produce self-supporting foils. These slides can for example as film layers for multilayer ID cards are used.

Die nachfolgenden Beispiele und Figuren betreffen, bis auf die Figuren 9a und b, nicht die Erfindung.The following examples and figures relate to FIGS. 9a and b, not the invention.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die spektralen Transmissions- und Reflexionseigenschaften von FK-Polymeren unter verschiedenen Betrachtungswinkeln,
Fig. 2
eine Banknote mit einem Fenster-Sicherheitsfaden mit einer oder mehreren Schichten aus FK-Polymeren,
Fig. 3
einen Sicherheitsfaden mit einer Schicht aus einem FK-Polymer,
Fig. 4
einen symmetrisch aufgebauten Sicherheitsfaden mit außenliegenden Schichten aus FK-Polymeren,
Fig. 5
einen symmetrisch aufgebauten Sicherheitsfaden mit innenliegenden Schichten aus FK-Polymeren,
Fig. 6a, b
einen bedruckten, symmetrischen Fenster-Sicherheitsfaden im Querschnitt und Aufsicht,
Fig. 7a, b
einen bedruckten Sicherheitsfaden mit Bewegungseffekten im Querschnitt und Aufsicht,
Fig. 8a, b
eine Ausweiskarte mit einem Transferelement mit einer FK-Schicht in Aufsicht und als Schnittbild,
Fig. 9a, b
eine Ausweiskarte nach der Erfindung mit einer visuell nicht lesbaren, durch das Sicherheitselement abgedeckten Kodierung,
Fig. 10
einen Querschnitt durch ein Transferband,
Fig. 11
den Transfer eines FK-Sicherheitselements auf ein Substrat,
Fig. 12a, b
eine Ausweiskarte mit einer einkaschierten Schicht aus FK-Polymer.
Fig. 13
eine Prüfanordnung für FK-Sicherheitselemente,
Fig. 14, 15
Detektoranordnungen zum Nachweis von FK-Sicherheitselementen.
Show it:
Fig. 1
the spectral transmission and reflection properties of LC polymers under different viewing angles,
Fig. 2
a banknote with a window security thread with one or more layers of LC polymers,
Fig. 3
a security thread with a layer of an FK polymer,
Fig. 4
a symmetrical security thread with external layers of FK polymers,
Fig. 5
a symmetrical security thread with inner layers made of FK polymers,
6a, b
a printed, symmetrical window security thread in cross-section and top view,
7a, b
a printed security thread with movement effects in cross-section and supervision,
8a, b
an identification card with a transfer element with an LC layer in supervision and as a sectional view,
9a, b
an identification card according to the invention with a visually unreadable coding which is covered by the security element,
Fig. 10
a cross section through a transfer belt,
Fig. 11
the transfer of an LC security element to a substrate,
Figures 12a, b
an ID card with a laminated layer of FK polymer.
Fig. 13
a test arrangement for FK security elements,
14, 15
Detector arrangements for the detection of LC security elements.

Um die in den Figuren und Ausführungsbeispielen erläuterten Anwendungen und Effekte der Flüssigkristallpolymere leicht verständlich zu machen, werden vorab einige wichtige Eigenschaften dieser Stoffe erläutert.To the in the figures and embodiments explained applications and effects of To make liquid crystal polymers easy to understand, are some important features in advance of these substances explained.

FK-Polymere sind eine spezielle Variante von Flüssigkristallen, bei denen der flüssigkristalline Zustand in einer Polymermatrix "eingefroren" ist, wodurch die optischen Eigenschaften besonders signifikant hervortreten. So absorbieren Flüssigkristallpolymere normalerweise kein Licht, ihre Färbung entsteht durch Mehrfach-Interferenz von Licht an den einzelnen Kristallebenen. Der Farbeindruck im Auf- und Durchlicht ist dementsprechend unterschiedlich. Das reflektierte Farbspektrum enthält nur einen schmalen Frequenzbereich um eine zentrale Wellenlänge und zeigt dadurch eine hohe Farbsättigung. Das transmittierte Spektrum ist komplementär zum reflektierten und weist einen Einbruch im Bereich um die Zentralwellenlänge auf.FK polymers are a special variant of Liquid crystals, in which the liquid crystalline Is "frozen" in a polymer matrix, which makes the optical properties special stand out significantly. So absorb liquid crystal polymers usually no light, their coloring arises from multiple interference of light at the individual crystal levels. The color impression in reflected and transmitted light is accordingly different. Contains the reflected color spectrum only a narrow frequency range around a central one Wavelength and thereby shows a high Color saturation. The transmitted spectrum is complementary to reflect and shows a slump in the range around the central wavelength.

Bei einer Anwendung der FK-Polymere auf opaken Substraten wird eine besonders hohe Farbreinheit für alle Betrachtungswinkel erzielt, wenn die Flüssigkristallschicht auf einem schwarzen Untergrund aufgebracht wird. Das reflektierte Spektrum ist dann ungestört von Sekundärreflexionen am Untergrund.When using the FK polymers on opaque substrates have a particularly high color purity achieved for all viewing angles if the liquid crystal layer on a black background is applied. The reflected spectrum is then undisturbed by secondary reflections on the underground.

Die Gitterkonstanten von erfindungsgemäßen, orientierten FK-Polymeren können im Bereich von 300 nm bis 1 000 nm eingestellt bzw. bei der Synthese definiert werden, so daß die reflektierte Zentralwellenlänge bei senkrechtem Einfall im nahen Infrarot oder im Sichtbaren liegt. Mit flacher werdenden Beobachtungswinkel verschiebt sich die Zentralwellenlänge des Reflexionsbandes in Richtung kürzerer Wellenlängen. So ist beispielsweise die in Aufsicht reflektierte Wellenlänge im Vergleich zur Reflexion bei 60° um ca. 20 % größer.The lattice constants of inventive oriented FK polymers can range from 300 nm to 1,000 nm set or at Synthesis can be defined so that the reflected Central wavelength with vertical incidence in the near Infrared or in the visible. With flatter the observation angle that shifts Central wavelength of the reflection band in the direction shorter wavelengths. For example the wavelength reflected in supervision in comparison for reflection at 60 ° larger by approx. 20%.

Fig. 1 zeigt die spektrale Reflexion R einer FKSchicht bei senkrecht einfallender Beleuchtung in Kurve 1 sowie bei einer Beleuchtungsrichtung von 60° in Kurve 2. Der Farbeindruck kann demnach für spezielle FK-Polymere von grün nach violett, von gelb nach blau, von hellrot nach grün oder bei einer IR-Reflexionsbande von schwarz nach rot wechseln. Die Gitterkonstante und damit die Grundfarbe des Flüssigkristallpolymers hängt von der genauen chemischen Struktur des Flüssigkristalls ab und kann durch die Synthesebedingungen im Bereich zwischen 300 und 1 000 nm definiert eingestellt werden.Fig. 1 shows the spectral reflection R one FC layer with vertically incident lighting in curve 1 and with one direction of illumination of 60 ° in curve 2. The color impression can accordingly for special FK polymers from green to violet, from yellow to blue, from light red to green or with an IR reflection band of black change to red. The lattice constant and therefore the basic color of the liquid crystal polymer depends on the exact chemical structure of the liquid crystal and can by the synthesis conditions defined in the range between 300 and 1,000 nm can be set.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Anwendung eines FK-Polymers für einen Fenstersicherheitsfaden. In eine Banknote 11 mit einem Sicherheitsdruckbild 12 ist ein Sicherheitsfaden 13 während der Papierherstellung in der Weise eingebettet worden, daß er in den Fenstern 14 an der Oberfläche des Papiers zu liegen kommt und somit visuell erkennbar ist. Je nach Ausführungsform schwankt die Breite solcher Sicherheitsfäden zwischen 0,5 und einigen wenigen Millimetern.Fig. 2 shows an application of an LC polymer for a window security thread. In a Banknote 11 with a security print image 12 is a security thread 13 during papermaking been embedded in such a way that he was in the windows 14 on the surface of the paper lies and is therefore visually recognizable. ever according to the embodiment, the width of such fluctuates Security threads between 0.5 and a few Millimeters.

Um durch optisch variable Effekte der Banknote einen Kopierschutz zu verleihen, wird der Sicherheitsfaden 13 so ausgebildet, daß er einen oder mehrere Schichten aus einem FK-Polymer enthält. Varianten für die Herstellung und für den Aufbau von Sicherheitsfäden werden in den Fig. 3 - 7 wiedergegeben.To by optically variable effects of the banknote Giving copy protection becomes the security thread 13 trained to have one or several layers of an FK polymer contains. Variants for the production and for the Structure of security threads are shown in FIGS. 7 reproduced.

Fig. 3 zeigt im Querschnitt eine erste Variante für einen Sicherheitsfaden 13a; er besteht aus einem Kunststoffträger 20, vorzugsweise wird hierfür eine Polyesterfolie mit einer typischen Dicke von 20 - 100 Mikrometer verwendet. Der Träger 20 ist auf einer Seite mit einer mehrere Mikrometer dikken Schicht 21 aus einem FK-Polymer beschichtet. Um die Farbwechselspiele der Flüssigkristalle optisch hervorzuheben, wird die Folie 20 vorzugsweise schwarz eingefärbt. Der Faden wird während der Papierherstellung so orientiert, daß die Flüssigkristallschicht an der sichtbaren Außenfläche vorliegt.3 shows a first variant in cross section for a security thread 13a; it consists of one Plastic carrier 20, preferably for this a polyester film with a typical thickness of 20 - 100 microns used. The carrier 20 is on one side with a thickness of several micrometers Layer 21 coated from an FK polymer. Visually about the color change interactions of the liquid crystals To emphasize, the film 20 is preferred colored black. The thread is during the papermaking so oriented that the liquid crystal layer is present on the visible outer surface.

Fig. 4 zeigt im Querschnitt als weitere Variante einen Sicherheitsfaden 13b mit einem symetrischen Lagenaufbau. Symetrisch aufgebaute Sicherheitsfäden haben den Vorteil, daß man während der Einbettung in das Papier nicht auf die Orientierung des Fadens achten muß. Der Faden 13b besteht aus zwei Trägerfolien 20, die beide einseitig aus einer Schicht 21 aus FK-Polymeren beschichtet sind. Die Trägerfolien 20 sind mit einem Kaschiervermittler 22 so miteinander verbunden, daß ein symmetrischer Lagenaufbau mit außenliegenden FK-Schichten entsteht. Um den Farbreichtum zu erhöhen, kann man wahlweise die Trägerbahnen 20 und/oder den Kaschiervermittler 22 mit Transparent- oder Pigmentfarben einfärben. Eine fertigungstechnisch einfache Lösung ist es, nur den Kaschiervermittler 22 einzufärben, vorzugsweise wird hierfür ein deckendes Schwarz verwendet.Fig. 4 shows in cross section as a further variant a security thread 13b with a symmetrical Layer structure. Symmetrical security threads have the advantage that during the embedding in the paper does not depend on the orientation must pay attention to the thread. The thread 13b is made of two carrier films 20, both one-sided coated from a layer 21 of LC polymers are. The carrier films 20 are with a laminating agent 22 connected so that a symmetrical layer structure with external FK layers are created. To the richness of color you can choose to increase the carrier webs 20 and / or the laminating agent 22 with Color transparent or pigment colors. A In terms of manufacturing technology, it is only the Coloring agent 22, preferably opaque black is used for this.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere Variante eines symmetrisch aufgebauten Sicherheitsfadens 13c im Querschnitt. Im Gegensatz zur Fig. 3 liegen jetzt die-Trägerfolien 20 auf den Außenseiten des Fadens 13c und schützen so die innenliegenden FK-Schichten 21 vor Beschädigung. In dieser Variante wird vorzugsweise nur der Kaschiervermittler mit einem Farbstoff eingefärbt. Da die außenliegenden Trägerschichten 20 transparent bleiben müssen, werden sie entweder gar nicht oder nur schwach gefärbt.Fig. 5 shows a further variant of a symmetrical constructed security thread 13c in Cross-section. In contrast to Fig. 3 are now the carrier films 20 on the outer sides of the thread 13c and thus protect the internal FK layers 21 from damage. In this variant is preferably only the lamination mediator colored with a dye. Because the outside Backing layers 20 must remain transparent, they either fail or become weak colored.

Die Fig. 6a und 6b zeigen eine weitere Variante eines Sicherheitsfadens 13d im Querschnitt (Fig. 6a) und in Aufsicht (Fig. 6b). Der Faden 13d besitzt analog zur Fig. 5 einen symmetrischen Lagenaufbau aus zwei Trägerfolien 20, zwei FK-Schichten 21 und einer Klebeschicht 22. Im Rahmen eines Fertigungsprozesses wurde der Faden aus zwei beschichteten Folienpaaren 30, 31 zusammengefügt. Vor dem Zusammenfügen wurde die Oberfläche 33 eines der beiden Folienpaare mit einem Druckbild 34 aus schwarzer Farbe versehen und zwar wurden auf die Oberfläche einer FK-Polymerschicht in einem konventionellen Druckverfahren alphanumerische Zeichen in Mikroschrift aufgebracht. Zusätzlich wurde ein transparenter Kaschiervermittler 22 verwendet. Im Durchlicht erscheinen jetzt in den Fensterbereichen des Papiers die Schriftzeichen schwarz vor dem optisch variablen Farbhintergrund der Polymerschicht. Im Auflicht dagegen zeigen nur die Mikroschriftzeichen einen Farbwechsel.6a and 6b show a further variant of a security thread 13d in cross section (Fig. 6a) and in supervision (Fig. 6b). The thread 13d has analogous to FIG. 5, a symmetrical layer structure from two carrier films 20, two FK layers 21 and an adhesive layer 22. As part of a Manufacturing process became the thread of two coated film pairs 30, 31 assembled. Before assembling the surface 33 one of the two pairs of foils with one Print image 34 provided in black color and although on the surface of a FK polymer layer in a conventional printing process Alphanumeric characters applied in micro script. In addition, a transparent lamination agent 22 used. Appear in transmitted light now in the window areas of the paper the characters black in front of the optically variable Color background of the polymer layer. In incident light however, only the micro characters show one Color change.

In einer anderen Variante des Sicherheitsfadens der Fig. 6a und 6b werden die Schriftzeichen 34 in grünem Mikrodruck auf einer der FK-Schichten aufgetragen, während der Kaschiervermittler 22 schwarz eingefärbt wird. Gleichzeitig wird das FK-Material so gewählt, daß es unter einem bestimmten Betrachtungswinkel, beispielsweise unter senkrechtem Einfall auf dem schwarzen Untergrund grün erscheint. Bei Beobachtung des Sicherheitsfadens unter diesem Winkel erscheint dann die Gesamtfläche grün. Bei einer Änderung des Betrachtungswinkels wechselt der Farbton der FK-Polymerschicht, während in der Schrift der grüne Farbton dominant bleibt. Das Resultat ist ein Sicherheitsfaden, dessen Schrift erst beim Verkippen des Fadens sichtbar wird.In another variant of the security thread 6a and 6b are the characters 34 in green microprint on one of the FK layers applied while the lamination agent 22nd is colored black. At the same time the FK material chosen so that it is under a certain Viewing angle, for example under a vertical one Incidence on the black background appears in green. When observing the security thread the total area then appears at this angle green. When the viewing angle changes the color of the FK polymer layer changes, while in the font the green hue remains dominant. The result is a security thread whose writing only when the Thread becomes visible.

Die Fig. 7a und 7b zeigen eine weitere Variante 13e im Querschnitt (Fig. 7a) und in Aufsicht (Fig. 7b). Der Sicherheitsfaden besteht aus einer Trägerfolie 20 und einer Schicht 21 aus FK-Polymeren. Die Polymerschicht wurde in einem konventionellen Druckverfahren mit einem Muster aus verschiedenfarbigen, diagonal verlaufenden Streifen 40 bedruckt. Als spezielle Farbfolge für das Muster 40 wurde am dargestellten Beispiel rot 41, gelb 42 , grün 43 , blau 44 ausgewählt, wobei sich das Muster beliebig oft über die Fadenlänge wiederholt. Beim Betrachten dieses Sicherheitsfadens 13e erscheinen die farbigen Flächenbereiche 40 durch die FK-Schicht hindurch jeweils mit unterschiedlichen Farbeffekten. Das Farbspektrum der einzelnen Bereiche setzt sich zusammen aus dem Reflexionsband der aufgedruckten Farbstoffe. Zusätzlich werden die Farben der Flüssigkristallschicht additiv zugemischt. Aufgrund der winkelabhängigen Reflexionscharakteristik der FK-Polymere kann bei entsprechender farblicher Abstimmung des FK-Polymers mit den Farbstreifen mit der dargestellten Anordnung bei einer Verkippung des Fadens die Illusion eines sich längs des Fadens bewegenden farbigen Streifens hervorgerufen werden. Analog zur Fig. 5 läßt sich auch diese Ausführungsvariante zu einem Sicherheitsfaden mit einem symmetrischen Schichtaufbau erweitern.7a and 7b show a further variant 13e in cross section (FIG. 7a) and in supervision (FIG. 7b). The security thread consists of a carrier film 20 and a layer 21 made of LC polymers. The polymer layer was made in a conventional Printing process with a pattern of different colored, diagonal stripes 40 printed. As a special color sequence for pattern 40 red 41, yellow 42, green 43, blue 44 selected Patterns repeated any number of times over the thread length. When viewing this security thread 13e appear the colored areas 40 through through the LC layer with different ones Color effects. The color spectrum of each Areas are composed of the reflection band of the printed dyes. additionally the colors of the liquid crystal layer become additive admixed. Due to the angle-dependent reflection characteristics the FK polymer can with appropriate color matching of the FK polymer with the colored stripes with the one shown Arrangement when the thread is tilted Illusion of a moving along the thread colored stripe. Analogous 5 this embodiment variant can also be used to a security thread with a symmetrical Expand layer structure.

Die in den Fig. 3 - 7 gezeigten Varianten können je nach gewünschtem Erscheinungsbild auf vielfältige Weise variiert werden. Die optisch variablen Effekte der FK-Polymere lassen sich durch Einfärben beliebiger Schichten mit "klassischen" Farben kombinieren, wobei als Farbstoffe sowohl transparente Farbstoffe als auch Pigmentfarbstoffe verwendet werden können. Die Farbstoffe selbst können in einer beliebigen Schicht (auch in der FK-Schicht, dann allerdings nur in geringen Konzentrationen) des Sicherheitsfadens eingebracht sein und/oder als Druckbild auf einer ebenfalls beliebigen Schicht des Fadens aufgebracht sein.The variants shown in Figs. 3-7 can depending on the desired appearance can be varied in many ways. The optically variable Effects of the FK polymers can be Coloring any layers with "classic" Combine colors, being both dyes transparent dyes as well as pigment dyes can be used. The dyes themselves can be in any layer (also in the FK layer, then only in low concentrations) of the security thread and / or as a printed image on any other Layer of thread to be applied.

Die in den Figurenbeschreibungen angegebenen Einfärbungen sind lediglich als Vorschlag zu verstehen, die angegebenen Farben können beliebig durch andere Farbstoffe ersetzt werden. Diese Kombinationsmöglichkeiten ergeben eine enorme Vielfalt an möglichen Farbvariationen, Farbillusionen und kinetischen Effekten.The given in the figure descriptions Coloring is only a suggestion understand, the specified colors can be any be replaced by other dyes. This Possible combinations result in an enormous Variety of possible color variations, color illusions and kinetic effects.

Die in den Fig. 3 - 7 gezeigten Varianten von Sicherheitsfäden lassen sich auf der Basis eines einzigen Halbzeugs produzieren. Zur Herstellung des Halbzeugs wird eine Folienbahn 20 aus einem Trägermaterial wie Polyesterkunststoff mit einer Schicht 21 aus FK-Polymeren beschichtet. Je nach Farbdesign des Sicherheitsfadens verwendet man bedruckte, transparente oder eingefärbte Trägerfolien. Die Dicke der Folienbahn liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von weniger als einem zehntel Millimeter, für die FKBeschichtung ist meist eine Filmdikke von ca. 10 Mikrometer ausreichend. Fertigungsbedingt liegen die typischen Bahnbreiten des Halbzeugs im Bereich von einem Meter.The variants of Security threads can be based on a produce a single semi-finished product. For the production of the semi-finished product is a film web 20 from a Backing material such as polyester plastic with a Layer 21 of FK polymers coated. Depending on Color design of the security thread is used printed, transparent or colored carrier foils. The thickness of the film web is preferably in the range of less than a tenth of a millimeter, for the FK coating there is usually a film thickness of about 10 microns is sufficient. For manufacturing reasons are the typical web widths of the semi-finished product in the range of one meter.

Zur Herstellung bedruckter Sicherheitsfäden werden die Trägerbahn und/oder die FK-Schicht in einem geeigneten Fertigungsverfahren mit den gewünschten Mustern oder Zeichen auf bekannten Druckmaschinen bedruckt. Zur Fertigung mehrschichtiger, vor allem symetrisch aufgebauter Sicherheitsfäden werden die beschichteten und eventuell bedruckten Folienbahnen aufeinandergelegt und mit einem Kaschiervermittler verbunden.For the production of printed security threads the carrier web and / or the FK layer in a suitable manufacturing process with the desired Patterns or characters on familiar ones Printing machines printed. For the production of multilayer, especially symmetrical security threads are the coated and any printed film sheets are placed on top of each other and connected to a laminating agent.

Erst nachdem die Bahnen den gewünschten Lagenaufbau besitzen, werden sie auf bekannten Schneidvorrichtungen zu den Fäden geschnitten. Die endgültige Fadenbreite liegt dabei je nach dem gewünschten Einsatzzweck zwischen einem Bereich von 0,5 - 5,0 mm. Die so erhaltenen Fäden eignen sich insbesondere zur Einbettung in Papier, können aber auch zwischen den Kunststoffschichten einer Ausweiskarte eingebettet werden.Only after the lanes the desired one Have layer structure, they are known Cutters to cut the threads. The final thread width depends on the desired application between an area from 0.5 - 5.0 mm. The threads thus obtained are particularly suitable for embedding in paper, can also between the plastic layers an ID card can be embedded.

Eine andere Klasse von Sicherheitselementen bilden die Transferelemente, sie werden häufig auf Kreditkarten, Ausweiskarten, Banknoten, Wertpapiere und dergleichen aufgebracht, um sie vor Fälschung und insbesondere vor Vervielfältigung durch Kopieren zu schützen. Für diese Zwecke eignen sich auch Sicherheitselemente auf der Basis von FK-Polymeren aufgrund ihrer optisch variablen Eigenschaften. Die Transferelemente werden nach dem Transferverfahren von Trägerbändern auf die Oberfläche der zu schützenden Objekte übertragen.Another class of security elements form the transfer elements, they are often up Credit cards, ID cards, banknotes, securities and the like applied to them from counterfeiting and especially before duplication protect by copying. For these purposes Security elements on the base are also suitable of FK polymers due to their optically variable Characteristics. The transfer elements are after the transfer process of carrier tapes on the surface of the objects to be protected transfer.

Die Fig. 8a und 8b zeigen eine Ausweiskarte 50 mit einem symbolisch angedeuteten Datensatz 49 und mit einem Transfer-Sicherheitselement 51 in Aufsicht und als Schnittbild. Das Sicherheitselement 51 enthält eine Schicht aus einem FK-Polymer, weshalb es die für diese Materialien typischen Farbwechselspiele aufweist.8a and 8b show an identification card 50 with a symbolically indicated data record 49 and with a transfer security element 51 in supervision and as a sectional view. The security element 51 contains a layer of an FK polymer, which is why it is typical of these materials Has color change interactions.

Transferelemente bestehen üblicherweise aus mehreren Schichten, die Fig. 8b zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Ausweiskarte entlang der Linie l/l in Fig 8a. In der Figur ist die Höhe des Elementes stark übertrieben dargestellt, gewöhnlich beträgt sie nur wenige 10 Mikrometer. Auf dem Substrat 53 liegen nacheinander eine Klebeschicht 54, eine Schutzlackschicht 55, eine FK-Schicht 56 und nach außen abschließende Schutzlackschicht 57. Dieses Sicherheitselement, das hier in einer sehr einfachen Ausführungsform dargestellt ist, läßt sich in vielfältiger Weise variieren.Transfer elements usually consist of several layers, Fig. 8b shows a section through the ID card along the line l / l in Fig 8a. In the figure, the height of the element is strong exaggerated, usually it is only a few 10 microns. Lie on the substrate 53 successively an adhesive layer 54, a protective lacquer layer 55, an FK layer 56 and to the outside final protective lacquer layer 57. This security element, this in a very simple Embodiment is shown, can be varied Ways vary.

Die Möglichkeiten zur Farbgestaltung der FK-Elemente sind analog zu den Sicherheitsfäden. Wenn man Wert auf visuell deutlich erkennbare Farbwechselspiele legt, dann färbt man den Untergrund vorzugsweise schwarz. Zum Zumischen einer Farbe zum reflektierten Spektrum wurde, wie in Fig. 8a gezeigt, das Element 51 auf einem bedruckten Untergrund 60 aufgebracht. Das Druckbild kann dabei vielfach variiert werden, eine einfache Gestaltung ist ein einfarbiger Untergrund, eine verbesserte optische Wirkung hat ein mehrfarbig bedruckter Untergrund mit kontrastierenden alphanumerischen Zeichen oder Mustern wie diagonal verlaufenden bunten Streifen, ineinandergeschachtelten farbigen Kreisen usw.. Besonders interessante Effekte ergeben sich, wenn der Untergrund 60 eine schwarzweiße oder farbige Fotografie, eine Unterschrift und dergleichen enthält.The possibilities for the color design of the FK elements are analogous to the security threads. If you value visually clearly recognizable Color change plays, then you dye the surface preferably black. To add one Color became the reflected spectrum, as in Fig. 8a shown, the element 51 on a printed 60 applied. The print image can be varied many times, a simple one Design is a solid background, an improved one optical effect has a multi-colored printed Background with contrasting alphanumeric Characters or patterns such as diagonals brightly colored stripes, nested colored circles etc. Particularly interesting Effects arise when the background 60 is a black and white or color photography, a signature and the like.

Ähnliche Farbwirkungen wie beim Bedrucken des Untergrunds kann man erreichen durch Färben, Bedrucken oder Beschriften geeigneter optisch wirksamer Schichten des Transferelements, die sich beim Transfer nicht verändern.Similar color effects as when printing of the underground can be reached by dyeing, Print or label more suitable optically effective layers of the transfer element, that do not change during the transfer.

Wie später noch erläutert wird, ermöglicht es das Transferprinzip dem optischen Element einen beliebigen äußeren Umriß zu geben. Die in der Fig. 8 dargestellte Wappenform 61 steht deshalb stellvertretend für einen Streifen, ein Siegel, ein Firmenlogo, ein alphanumerischen Zeichen, eine Zifferung, Guillochenmuster usw.. Durch die Form des Umrisses 61 erhält das optisch variable Element einen individuellen Ausdruck.As will be explained later, this makes it possible the transfer principle to the optical element to give any outside outline. The in the Fig. 8 crest shape 61 shown is therefore representative for a strip, a seal, a company logo, an alphanumeric character, a number, Guilloche pattern, etc. By the shape of the Outline 61 receives the optically variable element an individual expression.

Die Fig. 9a und 9b zeigen in Aufsicht und als Schnittbild eine erfindungsgemäße Anwendungsvariante, in der Kartendaten mit einem FK-Element zugleich unauffällig getarnt und vor Verfälschung geschützt werden. FK-Polymere mit visuell sichtbaren Farbwechselspielen sind im Infraroten meist transparent und können somit mühelos mit im infraroten Bereich lesbaren Kodierungen kombiniert werden. In einem ersten Druckprozeß wurde hierzu auf die Oberfläche einer Karte 70 mit einer IR-absorbierenden Druckfarbe 71 eine Kodierung 72 aufgetragen. Im nächsten Schritt wurde diese IR-Kodierung 72 mit einer IR-transparenten, im sichtbaren Spektralbereich aber undurchlässigen Deckfarbe 73 überdruckt. Im letzten Schritt wurde dann ein FK-Sicherheitselement 74 auf diesen Bereich auf die Deckfarbe 73 aufgesiegelt.9a and 9b show in supervision and as Sectional view of an application variant according to the invention, in the map data with an FK element at the same time inconspicuous camouflaged and protected from falsification. FK polymers with visually visible color change interactions are mostly transparent and in the infrared can thus be effortlessly in the infrared range legible codes can be combined. In one The first printing process was done on the surface a card 70 with an IR absorbent Ink 71 applied a code 72. in the next step was using this IR coding 72 an IR-transparent, in the visible spectral range but opaque opaque color 73 overprinted. In the last step, an FK security element was created 74 on this area on the Cover color 73 sealed.

Aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen bevorzugt man zum Aufbringen von Sicherheitselementen aus FK-Polymer auf die Oberfläche eines Substrats das Transferprinzip. Bei diesem Prinzip wird in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt ein Transferband hergestellt, anschließend wird in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt das Sicherheitselement vom Transferband gelöst und mit dem Substrat verbunden.Preferred for manufacturing reasons one for applying security elements FK polymer on the surface of a substrate that Transfer principle. With this principle, one the first process step produces a transfer belt, then in a second step the security element from the transfer belt solved and connected to the substrate.

Fig. 10 zeigt den Aufbau eines Transferbandes 100 im Querschnitt, wie es zum Aufbringen von Sicherheitselementen mit einer FK-Schicht auf eine Substratoberfläche geeignet ist. Auf einer Trägerfolie 101 befinden sich nacheinander eine Wachsschicht 102, eine Schutzlackschicht 103, eine Schicht aus einem FK-Polymer 104, eine Farbschicht 105 und eine Heißklebeschicht 106. Die Trägerfolie besteht vorzugsweise aus einem reißfesten Kunststoff (Polyester) mit einer Dicke im Bereich von weniger als einem zehntel Millimeter. Die übrigen Schichten eines Transferbandes weisen üblicherweise eine Dicke von wenigen Mikrometern bis einigen 10 Mikrometern auf. Die auf der Wachsschicht liegenden Schichten 103 - 106 bilden das spätere Sicherheitselement. Zur Erzielung von Farbeffekten kann das Transferband während seiner Herstellung in verschiedenen Schichten eingefärbt oder bedruckt werden.Fig. 10 shows the structure of a transfer belt 100 in cross section as it is for applying Security elements with an LC layer on one Substrate surface is suitable. On a carrier film 101 there are successively a layer of wax 102, a protective lacquer layer 103, a Layer of an FK polymer 104, a color layer 105 and a hot glue layer 106. Die Carrier film preferably consists of a tear-resistant Plastic (polyester) with a thickness in the area less than a tenth of a millimeter. The remaining layers of a transfer belt usually a thickness of a few micrometers up to a few 10 micrometers. The one on the Form layers 103-106 lying in the wax layer the later security element. To achieve The transfer belt can be of color effects during colored in different layers during its manufacture or printed.

Zum Aufbringen des Sicherheitselements auf das Substrat wird das Transferband 100, wie in Fig. 11 gezeigt, mit der Heißklebeschicht 106 auf das Substrat 111 aufgelegt und angepreßt. Das Anpressen erfolgt mit einem beheizten Transferstempel 112 oder alternativ auch mit einer Transferrolle. Unter Druck- und Wärmeeinwirkung verbindet sich die Heißklebeschicht mit dem Substrat. Gleichzeitig schmilzt die Trennschicht 102 und ermöglicht das Abziehen des Trägermaterials 101. Die Verbindung des Sicherheitselements mit dem Substrat erfolgt nur in den Flächenbereichen, in denen die Trennschicht flüssig geworden ist, d. h. nur in den vom Transferstempel erhitzten Flächenbereichen. In den anderen Flächenbereichen bleibt der Schichtaufbau und das Trägermaterial fest miteinander verbunden. Beim Abziehen des Trägerfilms vom Substrat reißt der Schichtaufbau entlang der Konturkanten 113 des Transferstempels, wodurch die Kontur 113 des transferierten Sicherheitselements stets der Kontur des Prägestempels entspricht. Auf diese Weise sind auch komplizierte Umrißstrukturen realisierbar wie beispielsweise Firmenlogos, Blockbuchstaben und ähnliches. Der Prozeß des Heißsiegeins als solches ist bekannt und wird beispielsweise in der DE-OS 33 08 831 beschrieben.To apply the security element the substrate becomes the transfer belt 100 as shown in FIG. 11, with the hot-melt adhesive layer 106 on the Substrate 111 placed and pressed. The pressing is done with a heated transfer stamp 112 or alternatively with a transfer roller. Under pressure and heat combines the hot glue layer with the substrate. simultaneously melts the separation layer 102 and enables this Peeling off the carrier material 101. The connection of the security element with the substrate only in the areas where the interface has become liquid, d. H. only in the from Transfer stamp heated areas. In the the layer structure remains in other surface areas and the carrier material firmly connected. When removing the carrier film from the substrate the layer structure tears along the contour edges 113 of the transfer stamp, whereby the contour 113 of the transferred security element always the Contour of the stamp corresponds. To this Even complicated outline structures can be realized in this way such as company logos, block letters and similar. The process of heat sealing is known as such and is described, for example, in DE-OS 33 08 831 described.

FK-Polymere lassen sich auch zu Folien verarbeiten. In dieser Form eignen sie sich insbesondere als groß- oder vollflächige Sicherheitselemente für mehrschichtige Ausweiskarten.FK polymers can also be processed into films. In this form, they are particularly suitable as large or full-surface security elements for multi-layer ID cards.

Die Fig. 12a und 12b zeigen beispielsweise eine kaschierte Ausweiskarte 120, die aus einem Papierinlett 121 und zwei außenliegenden thermoplastischen Deckfolien 122 und 123 besteht. Die Schichten werden unter Druck und Wärmeanwendung zu einer kompakten Ausweiskarte verpreßt. Die Karteninformationen sind üblicherweise auf dem Inlett aufgedruckt, das im gezeigten Beispiel ein Bild des Inhabers 124, Kartendaten 125 und ein Firmenlogo 126 aufweist. Zur Erhöhung der Fälschungssicherheit wurde in den Kartenaufbau zwischen dem Inlett und der oberen Deckfolie in der linken Kartenhälfte eine Folie aus FK-Polymer 127 eingefügt. Die Farbwechselspiele der Fiüssigkristallfolie lassen sich durch die transparente Deckfolie beobachten, wobei das farbige gedruckte Firmenlogo 126 zusätzlich Farbeffekte hinzufügt.12a and 12b show, for example a laminated ID card 120, which consists of a Paper liner 121 and two external thermoplastic Cover foils 122 and 123 exist. The Layers are applied under pressure and heat pressed into a compact ID card. The card information is usually on printed on the ticker, in the example shown an image of the holder 124, card data 125 and a Has company logo 126. To increase the security against counterfeiting was in between building the map the ticking and the top cover foil in the left half of the card is a film made of FK polymer 127 inserted. The color change interactions of the liquid crystal film can be through the transparent cover film watch, with the colored printed company logo 126 additional color effects added.

Manche FK-Verbindungen vernetzen unter Einwirkung energiereicher (z. B. UV-) Strahlung und bilden erst dadurch einen chemisch stabilen Film. Unbelichtete, d. h. nicht ausgehärtete Bereiche können mit Lösungsmitteln entfernt werden. Analog zu den bekannten phototechnischen Verfahren der Halbleiter- und Druckplattenherstellungstechnik kann auf diese Weise eine definierte Fläche eines FK-Filmes durch eine Maske belichtet und anschließend in den unbelichteten Bereichen die Beschichtung chemisch entfernt werden, so daß Muster, Buchstaben, Ziffern etc. entstehen.Some FK connections network under the influence high energy (e.g. UV) radiation and This is the only way to form a chemically stable film. Unexposed, i.e. H. unhardened areas can be removed with solvents. Analogous to the known phototechnical processes of Semiconductor and printing plate manufacturing technology can be used to define a defined area of a FK film exposed through a mask and then the coating in the unexposed areas be chemically removed so that patterns, Letters, numbers etc. arise.

Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, die gesamte Kartenfläche mit der Folie aus Flüssigkristallpolymer abzudecken. Als Alternative zum Beifügen einer Folie in den Kartenaufbau bietet sich an, vor dem Kaschieren das Flüssigkristallelement nach dem Transferprinzip auf das Inlett zu übertragen. Eine weitere Variante besteht darin, im gewöhnlichen Aufbau von kaschierten Karten eine oder beide Deckfolien 122, 123 als Gesamtes durch eine FK-Folie zu ersetzen.Of course it is also possible to use the whole Card surface with the film made of liquid crystal polymer cover. As an alternative to adding a slide in the card structure offers itself the liquid crystal element before laminating to be transferred to the ticking in accordance with the transfer principle. Another variation is in the ordinary Structure of laminated cards one or both cover foils 122, 123 as a whole to be replaced by an FK film.

Als groß- oder vollftächige Sicherheitselemente eignen sich Folien aus Fk-Materialien. Solche Folien werden vorzugsweise aus einer Flüssigkristall-Substanz hergestellt. Um eine für die Sicherheitszwecke geeignete Folie zu erhalten, wird die FK-Substanz auf einem Walzenstuhl verarbeitet. Die für die optischen Effekte notwendige Ausrichtung der Flüssigkristallmoleküle erfolgt durch Scherkräfte, die beim Walzen auftreten. Das so hergestellte Folienmaterial eignet sich so insbesondere zur Herstellung von Ausweiskarten, läßt sich aber auch zu anderen Echtheitskennzeichen, wie beispielsweise einem Sicherheitsfaden, verarbeiten.As large or full-surface security elements films made of Fk materials are suitable. Such slides are preferably made of a liquid crystal substance manufactured. To one for security purposes To get suitable film, the LC substance processed on a roller mill. The alignment necessary for the optical effects the liquid crystal molecules are caused by shear forces, that occur during rolling. The so made Foil material is particularly suitable for production of ID cards, but can also be other authenticity marks, such as a security thread.

Zur maschinellen Prüfung von Echtheitskennzeichen auf der Basis der erfindungsgemäßen Flüssigkristall-Polymeren eignen sich in besonderer Weise deren Polariationseigenschaften und deren Wellenlängenselektivität. Das reflektierte Licht ist zunächst spektral auf einem Bereich um die Zentralwellenlänge eingeengt, darüber hinaus wird unpolarisiertes Licht in Flüssigkristallploymeren in rechts- und linksdrehende Komponenten zerlegt. Je nach chemischer Zusammensetzung des Polymers wird nur einer der beiden Anteile reflektiert, während der komplementäre Anteil transmittiert wird.For automatic checking of authenticity marks on the basis of the invention Liquid crystal polymers are particularly suitable Way their polarization properties and their Wavelength selectivity. The reflected light is initially spectrally on a range around the central wavelength constricted, moreover it becomes unpolarized Light in liquid crystal operators in right and left rotating components disassembled. ever according to the chemical composition of the polymer only one of the two parts is reflected while the complementary part is transmitted.

Eine Möglichkeit der maschinellen Prüfung wird am folgenden an einem Film aus FK-Polymer dargestellt, der sich auf einem schwarzen, vollständig absorbierenden Träger 128 befindet. Wie in Fig. 13 gezeigt, wird das Element 130 unter einem vorbestimmten Winkel mit einem unpolarisierten Lichtstrahl 131, beispielsweise einer Glühlampe 129 beleuchtet. Nach der Reflexion trifft der Lichtstrahl 132 auf das in Fig. 14 dargestellte Detektorsystem 133, mit dem der Nachweis der spektralen Filterung und der zirkularen Polarisation durchgeführt wird.One way of machine testing is the following on a film made of FK polymer depicted on a black, complete absorbent carrier 128. As in 13, element 130 is placed under a predetermined angle with an unpolarized Light beam 131, for example an incandescent lamp 129 illuminated. After reflection, the light beam hits 132 to the detector system shown in FIG. 14 133 with which the detection of the spectral Filtering and circular polarization performed becomes.

Den Aufbau des Detektorsystems 133 zeigt Fig. 14. Innerhalb des Detektorsystems 133 durchläuft der reflektierte Strahl 132 zunächst ein Farbfilter 141, der nur Licht der erwarteten Zentralwellenlänge passieren läßt. Dann trifft der Lichtstrahl auf eine Lambda/4-Platte 142, die die zirkulare Polarisation in eine lineare Polarisation umwandelt. Anschließend fällt das Licht auf einen 1 : 1 Strahlteiler 143, von wo die beiden Teilstrahlen 144, 145 auf zwei Detektoren 146, 147 mit davor angeordneten Polarisationsfiltern 148, 149 gelangen. Die Polarisationsebenen 150, 151 der beiden Filter stehen senkrecht aufeinander, gleichzeitig sind sie zu den beiden optischen Achsen der Lambda/4-Platte unter 45° ausgerichtet.The structure of the detector system 133 shows Fig. 14. Passes through detector system 133 the reflected beam 132 is initially a color filter 141, the only light of the expected central wavelength lets happen. Then the light beam hits a lambda / 4 plate 142, which is the circular polarization converted to a linear polarization. Subsequently the light falls on a 1: 1 beam splitter 143, from where the two partial beams 144, 145 on two detectors 146, 147 arranged in front of it Polarization filters 148, 149 arrive. The polarization planes 150, 151 of the two filters are available perpendicular to each other, they are at the same time under both optical axes of the Lambda / 4 plate 45 ° aligned.

Die maschinelle Echtheitsprüfung stützt sich auf eine Analyse der beiden Detektorsignale. Die Funktionsweise des Detektorsystems wird im folgenden anhand mehrerer Fälle aufgezeigt.

  • A) Echtes Element Das reflektierte Licht passiert ungehindert den Farbfilter. In der Lambda/4-Platte wird aus der zirkularen eine lineare, entweder horizontal oder vertikal stehende Polarisation erzeugt. Die lineare Polarisation führt dazu, daß einer der beiden Detektoren 146, 147 die volle Intensität empfängt, während der zweite Detektor kein Licht erhält.
  • B) Gefälschtes, unpolarisiert reflektierendes Element Das spektral korrekte, aber unpolarisiert reflektierte Licht weist auch nach dem Passieren der Lambda/4-Platte keine bevorzugte Polarisationsrichtung auf. Beide Detektoren empfangen je 50 % des reflektierten Lichts.
  • C) Gefälschtes Element mit Spektralfehler Das reflektierte Licht wird im Farbfilter 142 absorbiert, entsprechend empfängt keiner der beiden Detektoren ein Signal. D) Gefälschtes linear polarisierendes Element Die 45°-Anordnung von Lambda/4-Platte und den beiden Polaristoren führt dazu, daß unabhängig von der ursprünglichen Polarisationsrichtung des reflektierten Lichts beide Detektoren das gleiche Signal empfangen.
  • The machine authenticity check is based on an analysis of the two detector signals. The mode of operation of the detector system is shown below in several cases.
  • A) Real element The reflected light passes freely through the color filter. A linear polarization, either horizontal or vertical, is generated from the circular in the Lambda / 4 plate. The linear polarization means that one of the two detectors 146, 147 receives the full intensity, while the second detector receives no light.
  • B) Fake, unpolarized reflecting element The spectrally correct, but unpolarized, reflected light has no preferred direction of polarization even after passing through the lambda / 4 plate. Both detectors each receive 50% of the reflected light.
  • C) Counterfeit element with spectral error The reflected light is absorbed in the color filter 142, and accordingly neither of the two detectors receives a signal. D) Fake linear polarizing element The 45 ° arrangement of the lambda / 4 plate and the two polaristors means that both detectors receive the same signal regardless of the original polarization direction of the reflected light.
  • Um die Fehlersignifikanz zu erhöhen, lassen sich auch zur Prüfung eines einzigen Elements mehrere Detektorsysteme verwenden; die beispielsweise unter unterschiedlichen Winkeln angeordnet sind und dementsprechend auf unterschiedliche Zentralwellenlängen reagieren.To increase the error significance, leave itself to consider a single item use multiple detector systems; the for example arranged at different angles are and accordingly on different Central wavelengths react.

    Dem Fachmann ist klar, daß das Detektorsystem auf vielfache Weise realisiert werden kann. Fig. 15 zeigt als eine wartungsfreundliche Alternative eine Anordnung unter Verwendung von Lichtleitfasern. Basis der optischen Anordnung ist wiederum Fig. 13. Im Detektorsystem 133 durchläuft der reflektierte Lichtstrahl 132 zunächst einen Farbfilter 161 zur Überprüfung der Zentralwellenlänge. In der folgenden Lambda/4-Platte 162 wird die zirkulare Polarisation in eine lineare umgewandelt. Eine Einkoppeloptik 153 koppelt den Lichtstrahl 132 in ein Lichtleitersystem 154 ein, bekannte Strahlweichen trennen den Strahl in äquivalente Teilbündel auf. Am Ende jedes Teilbündels befindet sich ein Polarisator-Detektor-Paar 155/156 und 157/158 für die beiden unterschiedlichen Polarisationsrichtungen.It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the detector system can be realized in many ways. 15 shows as a maintenance friendly alternative an arrangement using optical fibers. The basis of the optical arrangement is again Fig. 13. The detector system 133 runs through the light beam 132 first reflected a color filter 161 for checking the central wavelength. In the following Lambda / 4 plate 162 becomes the circular Polarization converted to linear. A coupling optics 153 couples the light beam 132 into Optical fiber system 154, known beam switches split the beam into equivalent sub-beams. At the end of each sub-bundle there is a pair of polarizers and detectors 155/156 and 157/158 for the two different directions of polarization.

    Bei Licht der korrekten Wellenlänge und Polarisation empfängt (im Fall verlustfreier Optiken) einer der beiden Detektoren 156/158 50 % der Eingangsintensität, der zweite erhält kein Licht. lm Fall eines gefälschten Elements mit unpolarisiertem reflektiertem Licht empfängt jeder der beiden Detektoren 50 % der Eingangsintensität. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Fälschung und Original unterscheiden.With light of the correct wavelength and polarization receives (in the case of lossless optics) one of the two detectors 156/158 50% of the input intensity, the second receives no light. In the case of a fake element with unpolarized reflected Each of the two detectors receives light 50% of the input intensity. In this way fake and original can be distinguished.

    Claims (20)

    1. A data carrier, such as paper of value or identity card, having an optically variable security element serving as an authenticity feature and conveying different color effects at different viewing angles and containing a liquid crystal material, the material being a liquid crystal polymer that is present as a solid at room temperature in an oriented form and wherein the liquid crystalline state is frozen in a polymer matrix, characterized in that a visually invisible coding (72) is applied to the data carrier under the security element.
    2. The data carrier of claim 1, characterized in that the material is a crosslinkable liquid crystal-silicone polymer.
    3. The data carrier of claim 1, characterized in that the material is a crosslinked orgariopolysiloxane or a crosslinked organooxysilarie or a crosslinked compound with an organopolysiloxane or an organooxysilarie.
    4. The data carrier of claim 1, characterized in that the liquid crystal polymer is present as a layer or film in the security element or in the data carrier.
    5. The data carrier of claim 4, characterized in that the layer or film is present several times on carrier films (20) that are joined together in pairs with a laminating agent (22) so as to give rise to a symmetrical layer structure (13c, 13d).
    6. The data carrier of claim 4, characterized in that at least one surface of the security element is printed with transparent absorbent and/or reflective inks (34, 40) or one layer of the security element is dyed with such inks.
    7. The data carrier of claim 6, characterized in that the security element is applied in a printed and/or inscribed area (60) of the data carrier.
    8. The data carrier of at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the liquid crystal polymer is processed as a film (127).
    9. The data carrier of claim 8, characterized in that the film (127) is integrated as a security element into the structure of a multilayer data carrier (120).
    10. The data carrier of claim 9, characterized in that the film is a cover film (122, 123) of the data carrier.
    11. A method for producing the data carrier having an optically variable security element serving as an authenticity feature and conveying different color effects at different viewing angles, of at least one of the above claims, characterized by the following steps:
      applying a visually invisible coding to the data carrier,
      applying the polymeric liquid crystal material while still liquid to a carrier surface,
      orienting the polymeric liquid crystal material by the mechanical action of shearing forces,
      hardening the oriented material to a solid so that the liquid crystalline state is frozen in the polymer matrix,
      incorporating or applying the polymeric solid liquid crystal material into or onto the layer structure of the data carrier above the coding.
    12. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the polymeric liquid crystal material while still liquid is applied to a separate carrier film.
    13. The method of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the orientation is performed by doctoring on the liquid crystal material.
    14. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the carrier surface is a printing roller onto which the liquid crystal material is directly doctored or rolled and from which the liquid crystal material is transferred to a surface of the data carrier by a printing process.
    15. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the hardening is performed by a predefined energy input.
    16. The method of claim 15, characterized in that the energy input is provided by irradiation with UV or IR light.
    17. The method of claim 15, characterized in that the energy input is provided by the action of an electron beam.
    18. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the liquid crystal material forms a self-supporting film on the carrier surface and is detached after hardening.
    19. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the polymeric liquid crystal material is transferred in an oriented and hardened form from the carrier surface to the data carrier or a layer of the data carrier by the transfer method.
    20. The method of at least one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the hardening of the liquid crystal material is performed only in partial areas, and the unhardened areas are removed after the hardening step.
    EP90123341A 1989-12-22 1990-12-05 Data carrier with a liquid crystal security element Expired - Lifetime EP0435029B2 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE3942663A DE3942663A1 (en) 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 DATA CARRIER WITH A LIQUID CRYSTAL SECURITY ELEMENT
    DE3942663 1989-12-22

    Publications (4)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0435029A2 EP0435029A2 (en) 1991-07-03
    EP0435029A3 EP0435029A3 (en) 1991-09-18
    EP0435029B1 EP0435029B1 (en) 1995-08-09
    EP0435029B2 true EP0435029B2 (en) 2003-01-02

    Family

    ID=6396250

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP90123341A Expired - Lifetime EP0435029B2 (en) 1989-12-22 1990-12-05 Data carrier with a liquid crystal security element

    Country Status (6)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0435029B2 (en)
    JP (1) JP3244278B2 (en)
    AT (1) ATE126135T1 (en)
    CA (1) CA2032587C (en)
    DE (2) DE3942663A1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2075871T5 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ES2075871T5 (en) 2003-07-16
    EP0435029A2 (en) 1991-07-03
    DE3942663A1 (en) 1991-06-27
    CA2032587A1 (en) 1991-06-23
    JP3244278B2 (en) 2002-01-07
    ATE126135T1 (en) 1995-08-15
    EP0435029A3 (en) 1991-09-18
    ES2075871T3 (en) 1995-10-16
    CA2032587C (en) 1996-07-09
    DE59009504D1 (en) 1995-09-14
    EP0435029B1 (en) 1995-08-09
    JPH04144796A (en) 1992-05-19

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