EP0308388A1 - Electrical heating apparatus - Google Patents

Electrical heating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308388A1
EP0308388A1 EP88870147A EP88870147A EP0308388A1 EP 0308388 A1 EP0308388 A1 EP 0308388A1 EP 88870147 A EP88870147 A EP 88870147A EP 88870147 A EP88870147 A EP 88870147A EP 0308388 A1 EP0308388 A1 EP 0308388A1
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Prior art keywords
heating device
air
photon
emitting device
fixed
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EP88870147A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Jules Lefevere
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/009—Heating devices using lamps heating devices not specially adapted for a particular application

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric space heating device and a method of conditioning the air obtained by this device.
  • Electric radiators for space heating operating mainly with heating elements (resistors), with or without combined ventilation, have several drawbacks, including low efficiency, difficult precise adjustment of the desired temperature, the need to provide in addition a humidification device to maintain an acceptable humidity level of the air, etc.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a practical embodiment of an electric heating device which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of known devices and makes it possible to condition the ambient air.
  • the electric heater producing photons according to the invention aiming to achieve the aforementioned aim, is characterized in that it comprises at least one photon emitting device surrounded by a metallic screen, the face of this screen facing towards the photon emitter having a hard surface so as to brake and transform the emitted photons and to produce an ionization of the air.
  • the photon emitting device consists of incandescent lamps mounted in parallel, each lamp being arranged in a cylinder of a hard metal alloy, for example of silicon or cesium steel, or of a normal metal alloy whose internal surface is provided with a layer of a hard material, for example synthetic diamond powder.
  • the apparatus may include elements serving as baffles to prevent light from being diffused to the outside.
  • photon emitters can also be used, for example halogen lamps, etc.
  • the incandescent lamps are mounted on a support rail fixed in a metal box in which are mounted the screen cylinders and, where appropriate, metal baffles.
  • the box itself is fixed on a frame, which is provided with decorative and protective exterior panels.
  • the supply of electric current to the photon emitting devices is preferably provided with fine adjustment means coupled with an electronic thermostat.
  • the device according to the invention is presented externally in the same way as a traditional electric radiator, on a chassis 1, side panels 2 for protection and decoration, lower openings 3, respectively upper 4, for the passage of air, a supply 5 of electric current, a switch 6, a button 7 for adjusting the desired temperature and a housing 15 for the probe measuring this temperature.
  • This heating device is arranged in a metal box, for example made of electro-galvanized sheet metal, aluminum alloy, etc. coming to be housed inside the device as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • This metal box is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 with a detail in FIG. 4.
  • the metal box comprises two vertical supports 8 made of electro-galvanized sheet metal between which are welded two side panels 9, also made of electro-galvanized sheet metal (7/10 mm).
  • a section of square steel section 10 is fixed longitudinally on the lower portion of the vertical supports 8.
  • the profile 10 serves as a support rail on which are fixed, at equal distance from each other, porcelain sockets 11. These sockets 11 are electrically connected in parallel to the supply wire 5 coming from outside the appliance, and are each intended to receive an incandescent lamp 12.
  • the heater comprises five "Claude” type Signal Krypton lamps (220-230 V; 200 W; 8000 clear hours "; with a maximum diameter of 65 mm ).
  • each of the lamps 12 is arranged a screen cylinder 13 formed by a sheet of silicon steel (FEV 260-50), welded point by point, and having an internal diameter of 80 mm.
  • the difference between this diameter and the maximum diameter of the incandescent lamps 12 is important, since this space is determined to be able to carry out the transformation of the emitted photons by the lamps. Indeed, the photons produced by the lamps are projected at the speed of light against the surface of the silicon steel and are braked violently over a short distance so as to produce their transformation into negative ionization of the air (Raman effect ).
  • the heat energy produced by the heating device according to the invention therefore corresponds to the sum of heat of electrothermal origin on the one hand and photothermal on the other hand, the latter being the most important and free.
  • the space between each lamp and the metal cylinder which surrounds it must also not be too small, this in order to avoid overheating of the lamp which would reduce its lifespan.
  • the fact that the cylinder is open at both ends is important to ensure good cooling of the lamp by promoting the evacuation of heat by an upward air draw. In the example described the center distance of the cylinders is approximately 116 mm.
  • the number of incandescent lamps is chosen according to the volume to be heated.
  • the example described, with a total power of 1000 W, is suitable for a room of around 30 to 50 m3.
  • Heating devices similar to the one described above can for example include 8 lamps, or a total power of 1600 W, for a room of 70 to 80 m3, or else 12 lamps, or a total power of 2400 W, for a room from 90 to 120 m3.
  • the heating appliance is also provided with baffles to mask the light produced by the lamps 12, these baffles being produced by sheets 14a, 14b, 14c, made of electrogalvanized steel or aluminum , welded longitudinally point by point to the side walls 9 of the metal box, and having curved portions towards the inside of the box, above the lamps.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is also preferably provided with an electronic regulation system for the supply of the lamps which makes it possible to ensure an accuracy of the heating temperature of the order of 1-2 / 10 of a degree. .
  • This regulation is done using a precision electronic thermostat using specific components such as as shown in FIG. 5 and comprising, in addition to an integrated circuit of the most advanced technology: - a probe 20 (temperature sensor) having characteristics such that for a measurement range between -20 ° C and + 150 ° C the value of the probe is directly proportional to the value of the temperature. - a constant voltage generator with low voltage direct current eliminating practically all voltage disturbances on the regulation system. a comparison circuit 21 between the set value 25 and the measurement by probe 20, comprising a double window comparator provided with a sampler and a steep-flank switching system. - an opto-coupler which makes the connection between the output of comparator 21 and the power interface 22 and perfectly isolates the regulation system from the energy source. - A power interface 22 provided with a control system at zero crossing of the AC wave, which avoids the production of parasites and the disturbance of radio networks. - The energy converter 23, which is none other than the heater itself; a unit 24 managing the physical quantity to be adjusted.
  • the electric heater producing photons has several other advantages, in particular: - its calorific yield is clearly better since it results from the combination of two effects producing added heat; - it is relatively simple and inexpensive to construct, and requires little maintenance; the negative ionization of the air produced allows a more uniform distribution of the heat released in the room to be heated, and is favorable in several other respects, in particular by favoring the drying of the walls, while maintaining without an additional supply of water an appropriate humidity level, and by being generally more beneficial for the health of humans, animals and Plant.

Abstract

Electrical heating apparatus comprising a photon-emitting device consisting of incandescent lamps (12). Each lamp is surrounded by a metal cylinder (13) serving as a shield, the face of this shield turned towards the photon emitter having a hard surface such as to brake the photons emitted and ionise the air. The invention also relates to a method of conditioning the ambient air contained in a room as well as the use of the heating apparatus in question to dry out the walls of the room in which the apparatus is located. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage électrique pour locaux ainsi qu'un procédé de conditionnement de l'air obtenu par cet appareil.The present invention relates to an electric space heating device and a method of conditioning the air obtained by this device.

Les radiateurs électriques pour le chauffage de locaux, fonctionnant essentiellement avec des corps de chauffe (résis­tances), avec ou sans ventilation combinée, présentent plusieurs inconvénients, notamment un faible rendement, un réglage précis difficile de la température désirée, la nécessité de prévoir en complément un appareil d'humidification pour maintenir un degré hygrométrique acceptable de l'air, etc.Electric radiators for space heating, operating mainly with heating elements (resistors), with or without combined ventilation, have several drawbacks, including low efficiency, difficult precise adjustment of the desired temperature, the need to provide in addition a humidification device to maintain an acceptable humidity level of the air, etc.

Le principe général et les avantages de chauffage électrique à production de photons ont déjà été décrits dans le brevet belge n° 899.045 déposé le 01.03.1984 au nom du demandeur.The general principle and the advantages of electric heating with photon production have already been described in Belgian patent n ° 899.045 filed on 01.03.1984 in the name of the applicant.

Le but de cette invention consiste à fournir une réalisation pratique d'un appareil de chauffage électrique qui remédie aux inconvénients précités des appareils connus et permet de conditionner l'air ambiant.The object of this invention is to provide a practical embodiment of an electric heating device which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of known devices and makes it possible to condition the ambient air.

L'appareil de chauffage électrique à production de photons selon l'invention, visant à atteindre le but précité, est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un dispositif émetteur de photons entouré par un écran métallique, la face de cet écran dirigée vers l'émetteur de photons présentant une surface dure de manière à freiner et transformer les photons émis et à produire une ionisation de l'air.The electric heater producing photons according to the invention, aiming to achieve the aforementioned aim, is characterized in that it comprises at least one photon emitting device surrounded by a metallic screen, the face of this screen facing towards the photon emitter having a hard surface so as to brake and transform the emitted photons and to produce an ionization of the air.

De préférence, le dispositif émetteur de photons est constitué par des lampes à incandescence montées en parallèle, chaque lampe étant disposée dans un cylindre en un alliage métal­lique dur, par exemple en acier au silicium ou au césium, ou en un alliage métallique normal dont la surface interne est munie d'une couche d'un matériau dur, par exemple de poudre de diamant synthé­tique. D'autre part, l'appareil peut comporter des éléments servant de chicanes pour empêcher la lumière d'être diffusée vers l'exté­rieur.Preferably, the photon emitting device consists of incandescent lamps mounted in parallel, each lamp being arranged in a cylinder of a hard metal alloy, for example of silicon or cesium steel, or of a normal metal alloy whose internal surface is provided with a layer of a hard material, for example synthetic diamond powder. On the other hand, the apparatus may include elements serving as baffles to prevent light from being diffused to the outside.

On peut également utiliser d'autres types d'émetteurs de photons, par exemple des lampes à halogène, etc.Other types of photon emitters can also be used, for example halogen lamps, etc.

Selon une forme d'exécution de l'invention, les lampes à incandescence sont montées sur un rail support fixé dans un caisson métallique dans lequel sont montés les cylindres-écrans et le cas échéant des chicanes métalliques. Le caisson est lui-même fixé sur un chassis, lequel est muni de panneaux extérieurs décora­tifs et de protection.According to one embodiment of the invention, the incandescent lamps are mounted on a support rail fixed in a metal box in which are mounted the screen cylinders and, where appropriate, metal baffles. The box itself is fixed on a frame, which is provided with decorative and protective exterior panels.

Enfin, l'alimentation en courant électrique des dispo­sitifs émetteurs de photons est de préférence munie de moyens de réglage fin couplé avec un thermostat électronique.Finally, the supply of electric current to the photon emitting devices is preferably provided with fine adjustment means coupled with an electronic thermostat.

L'appareil de chauffage électrique à production de photons sera maintenant décrit plus en détails et à titre d'exemple, en référence au dessin annexé qui illustre schématiquement une forme d'exécution de cet appareil.

  • La figure 1 en est une vue générale en perspective de l'extérieur.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe verticale du caisson contenant les lampes à incandescence, et
  • la figure 3 en est une vue en coupe horizontale.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un détail illustrant une lampe à incandescence, le cylindre métallique étant partiellement découpé.
  • La figure 5 est un schéma-bloc représentant un système de régulation appropriée.
The electric heater producing photons will now be described in more detail and by way of example, with reference to the appended drawing which schematically illustrates an embodiment of this device.
  • Figure 1 is a general perspective view of the exterior.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section view of the box containing the incandescent lamps, and
  • Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a detail illustrating an incandescent lamp, the metal cylinder being partially cut away.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram showing an appropriate control system.

Comme représenté sur la figure 1, l'appareil selon l'invention se présente extérieurement de la même manière qu'un radiateur électrique traditionnel, sur un chassis 1, des panneaux latéraux 2 de protection et de décoration, des ouvertures infé­rieures 3, respectivement supérieures 4, pour le passage de l'air, une alimentation 5 en courant électrique, un interrupteur 6, un bouton de réglage 7 de la température désirée et un logement 15 pour la sonde mesurant cette température.As shown in FIG. 1, the device according to the invention is presented externally in the same way as a traditional electric radiator, on a chassis 1, side panels 2 for protection and decoration, lower openings 3, respectively upper 4, for the passage of air, a supply 5 of electric current, a switch 6, a button 7 for adjusting the desired temperature and a housing 15 for the probe measuring this temperature.

Les éléments essentiels de cet appareil de chauffage sont disposés dans un caisson métallique, par exemple en tôle électrozinguée, en alliage d'aluminium, etc. venant se loger à l'intérieur de l'appareil tel qu'illustré sur la figure 1. Ce caisson métallique est représenté sur les figures 2 et 3 avec un détail sur la figure 4.The essential elements of this heating device are arranged in a metal box, for example made of electro-galvanized sheet metal, aluminum alloy, etc. coming to be housed inside the device as illustrated in FIG. 1. This metal box is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 with a detail in FIG. 4.

Plus particulièrement, le caisson métallique comprend deux supports verticaux 8 en tôle électrozinguée entre lesquels sont soudés deux panneaux latéraux 9, également en tôle électrozinguée (7/10 mm). De plus, un profilé de section carrée en acier 10 est fixé longitudinalement sur la portion inférieure des supports verticaux 8.More particularly, the metal box comprises two vertical supports 8 made of electro-galvanized sheet metal between which are welded two side panels 9, also made of electro-galvanized sheet metal (7/10 mm). In addition, a section of square steel section 10 is fixed longitudinally on the lower portion of the vertical supports 8.

Le profilé 10 sert de rail-support sur lequel sont fixées, à égale distance l'une de l'autre, des douilles 11 en porcelaine. Ces douilles 11 sont électriquement reliées en paral­lèle au fil d'alimentation 5 venant de l'extérieur de l'appareil, et sont chacune destinée à recevoir une lampe à incandescence 12.The profile 10 serves as a support rail on which are fixed, at equal distance from each other, porcelain sockets 11. These sockets 11 are electrically connected in parallel to the supply wire 5 coming from outside the appliance, and are each intended to receive an incandescent lamp 12.

Dans la forme d'exécution illustrée à titre d'exemple, l'appareil de chauffage comporte cinq lampes "Claude" de type Signal Krypton (220-230 V; 200 W; 8000 heures claires"; d'un diamètre maximum de 65 mm).In the embodiment illustrated by way of example, the heater comprises five "Claude" type Signal Krypton lamps (220-230 V; 200 W; 8000 clear hours "; with a maximum diameter of 65 mm ).

Autour de chacune des lampes 12 est disposé un cylindre-écran 13 formé par une tôle d'acier au silicium (FEV 260-50), soudé point par point, et ayant un diamètre interne de 80 mm. La différence entre ce diamètre et le diamètre maximum des lampes à incandescence 12 est important, puisque cet espace est déterminé pour pouvoir réaliser la transformation des photons émis par les lampes. En effet, les photons produits par les lampes sont projetés à la vitesse de la lumière contre la surface de l'acier au silicium et sont freinés violemment sur une courte distance de manière à produire leur transformation en ionisation négative de l'air (effet Raman). L'énergie calorifique produite par l'appareil de chauffage selon l'invention correspond donc à la somme de chaleur d'origine électrothermique d'une part et photothermique d'autre part, cette dernière étant la plus importante et gratuite. Par contre, l'espace entre chaque lampe et le cylindre métallique qui l'entoure ne doit pas non plus être trop faible, ceci afin d'éviter la surchauffe de la lampe qui diminuerait sa durée de vie. Le fait que le cylindre soit ouvert à ses deux extrémités est important pour assurer un bon refroidissement de la lampe en favorisant l'évacua­tion de la chaleur par un appel d'air vers le haut. Dans l'exemple décrit l'entre'axe des cylindres est d'environ 116 mm.Around each of the lamps 12 is arranged a screen cylinder 13 formed by a sheet of silicon steel (FEV 260-50), welded point by point, and having an internal diameter of 80 mm. The difference between this diameter and the maximum diameter of the incandescent lamps 12 is important, since this space is determined to be able to carry out the transformation of the emitted photons by the lamps. Indeed, the photons produced by the lamps are projected at the speed of light against the surface of the silicon steel and are braked violently over a short distance so as to produce their transformation into negative ionization of the air (Raman effect ). The heat energy produced by the heating device according to the invention therefore corresponds to the sum of heat of electrothermal origin on the one hand and photothermal on the other hand, the latter being the most important and free. On the other hand, the space between each lamp and the metal cylinder which surrounds it must also not be too small, this in order to avoid overheating of the lamp which would reduce its lifespan. The fact that the cylinder is open at both ends is important to ensure good cooling of the lamp by promoting the evacuation of heat by an upward air draw. In the example described the center distance of the cylinders is approximately 116 mm.

Bien entendu, le nombre de lampes à incandescence est choisi en fonction du volume à chauffer. L'exemple décrit, avec une puissance totale de 1000 W, convient pour une pièce d'environ 30 à 50 m³. Des appareils de chauffage semblables à celui décrit ci-dessus peuvent comporter par exemple 8 lampes, soit une puissance totale de 1600 W, pour une pièce de 70 à 80 m³, ou bien 12 lampes, soit une puissance totale de 2400 W, pour une pièce de 90 à 120 m³.Of course, the number of incandescent lamps is chosen according to the volume to be heated. The example described, with a total power of 1000 W, is suitable for a room of around 30 to 50 m³. Heating devices similar to the one described above can for example include 8 lamps, or a total power of 1600 W, for a room of 70 to 80 m³, or else 12 lamps, or a total power of 2400 W, for a room from 90 to 120 m³.

Enfin, comme représenté sur les figures 2 et 4, l'appa­reil de chauffage est encore muni de chicanes pour masquer la lumière produite par les lampes 12, ces chicanes étant réalisées par des tôles 14a, 14b, 14c, en acier électrozingué ou en aluminium, soudées longitudinalement point par point aux parois latérales 9 du caisson métallique, et présentant des portions recourbées vers l'intérieur du caisson, au-dessus des lampes.Finally, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the heating appliance is also provided with baffles to mask the light produced by the lamps 12, these baffles being produced by sheets 14a, 14b, 14c, made of electrogalvanized steel or aluminum , welded longitudinally point by point to the side walls 9 of the metal box, and having curved portions towards the inside of the box, above the lamps.

Enfin l'appareil selon l'invention est encore muni de préférence d'un système de régulation électronique de l'alimentation des lampes qui permet d'assurer une précision de la température de chauffage de l'ordre de 1-2/10 de degré.Finally, the apparatus according to the invention is also preferably provided with an electronic regulation system for the supply of the lamps which makes it possible to ensure an accuracy of the heating temperature of the order of 1-2 / 10 of a degree. .

Cette régulation se fait à l'aide d'un thermostat électronique de précision utilisant des composants particuliers tels que montrés à la figure 5 et comprenant, outre un circuit intégré de technologie la plus avancée:
- une sonde 20 (capteur de température) ayant des caractéristiques telles que pour une plage de mesure entre -20°C et +150°C la valeur de la sonde est directement proportionnelle à la valeur de la température.
- un générateur de tension constante à courant continu basse tension supprimant pratiquement toutes les perturbations de tension sur le système de régulation.
- un circuit de comparaison 21 entre la valeur consigne 25 et la mesure par sonde 20, comprenant un double comparateur à fenêtre pourvu d'un échantillonneur et d'un système de commutation à flanc raide.
- un opto-coupleur qui réalise la connexion entre la sortie du comparateur 21 et l'interface de puissance 22 et isole parfaite­ment le système de régulation de la source d'énergie.
- une interface de puissance 22 munie d'un système de commande au passage à zéro de l'onde alternative, ce qui évite la production de parasites et la perturbation des réseaux radios.
- le convertisseur d'énergie 23, qui n'est autre que l'appareil de chauffage lui-même; une unité 24 gérant la grandeur physique à régler.This regulation is done using a precision electronic thermostat using specific components such as as shown in FIG. 5 and comprising, in addition to an integrated circuit of the most advanced technology:
- a probe 20 (temperature sensor) having characteristics such that for a measurement range between -20 ° C and + 150 ° C the value of the probe is directly proportional to the value of the temperature.
- a constant voltage generator with low voltage direct current eliminating practically all voltage disturbances on the regulation system.
a comparison circuit 21 between the set value 25 and the measurement by probe 20, comprising a double window comparator provided with a sampler and a steep-flank switching system.
- an opto-coupler which makes the connection between the output of comparator 21 and the power interface 22 and perfectly isolates the regulation system from the energy source.
- A power interface 22 provided with a control system at zero crossing of the AC wave, which avoids the production of parasites and the disturbance of radio networks.
- The energy converter 23, which is none other than the heater itself; a unit 24 managing the physical quantity to be adjusted.

En plus de l'avantage précité par rapport aux radia­teurs électriques traditionnels, l'appareil de chauffage électrique à production de photons présente plusieurs autres avantages, notam­ment:
- son rendement calorifique est nettement meilleur puisqu'il résulte de la combinaison de deux effets produisant de la chaleur s'additionnant;
- il est de construction relativement simple et peu coûteuse, et demande peu d'entretien;
- l'ionisation négative de l'air produite permet une répartition plus uniforme de la chaleur dégagée dans la pièce à chauffer, et est favorable à plusieurs autres égards, notamment en favorisant l'assèchement des murs, tout en maintenant sans apport supplémen­taire d'eau un dégré hygrométrique approprié, et en étant d'une manière générale plus bénéfique pour la santé des êtres humains, des animaux et des plantes.In addition to the aforementioned advantage compared to traditional electric radiators, the electric heater producing photons has several other advantages, in particular:
- its calorific yield is clearly better since it results from the combination of two effects producing added heat;
- it is relatively simple and inexpensive to construct, and requires little maintenance;
the negative ionization of the air produced allows a more uniform distribution of the heat released in the room to be heated, and is favorable in several other respects, in particular by favoring the drying of the walls, while maintaining without an additional supply of water an appropriate humidity level, and by being generally more beneficial for the health of humans, animals and Plant.

Claims (10)

1. Appareil de chauffage électrique caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un dispositif émetteur de photons entouré par un écran métallique, la face de cet écran dirigée vers l'émet­teur de photons présentant une surface ure de manière à freiner et transformer les photons émis et à produire une ionisation de l'air.1. An electric heating device characterized in that it comprises at least one photon emitting device surrounded by a metal screen, the face of this screen directed towards the photon emitter having a ure surface so as to brake and transform the photons emitted and produce ionization of the air. 2. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif émetteur de photons est une lampe à incandescence (12) et que chaque lampe est entourée par un cylindre métallique (13).2. Heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the photon emitting device is an incandescent lamp (12) and that each lamp is surrounded by a metal cylinder (13). 3. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le cylindre métallique est en un acier au silicium ou au césium, ou bien présente une surface interne munie d'un revêtement en poudre de diamant synthétique.3. Heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal cylinder is made of silicon or cesium steel, or else has an internal surface provided with a powder coating of synthetic diamond. 4. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une des revendica­tions 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un caisson métallique dans lequel est fixé un rail-support (10) sur lequel sont montées, à égale distance l'une de l'autre, plusieurs douilles (11) destinées à recevoir les lampes à incandescence.4. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a metal box in which is fixed a support rail (10) on which are mounted, equidistant from one of the 'other, several sockets (11) intended to receive incandescent lamps. 5. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le caisson métallique comporte deux supports verticaux (8) entre lesquels sont fixées deux parois latérales (9) sur lesquelles sont fixés les cylindres (13) entourant chaque lampe (12), et par le fait que des éléments métalliques (14a, 14b, 14c) servant de chicanes sont fixés sur le rebord supérieur des parois latérales et présentent des portions recourbées vers l'in­térieur du caisson au-dessus desdites lampes de manière à masquer la lumière.5. Heating device according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal box has two vertical supports (8) between which are fixed two side walls (9) on which are fixed the cylinders (13) surrounding each lamp (12) , and by the fact that metallic elements (14a, 14b, 14c) serving as baffles are fixed on the upper edge of the side walls and have portions curved towards the inside of the box above said lamps so as to mask the light . 6. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que le caisson métal­lique est fixé à un chassis (1) et est entouré de panneaux (2) de protection et de décoration, des ouvertures d'aération (3,4) étant prévues dans la partie inférieure, respectivement supérieure du chassis.6. Heating device according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the metal box is fixed to a frame (1) and is surrounded by panels (2) for protection and decoration, ventilation openings ( 3,4) being provided in the lower, respectively upper part of the chassis. 7. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une des revendica­tions 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'alimentation en courant électrique des émetteurs de photons est munie d'un dispositif de régulation électronique asservi à un thermostat et/ou ordinateur comprenant:
- une sonde (20) ou capteur de température présentant des caracté­ristique telles que pour la plage de mesure usuelle la valeur de la sonde est directement proportionnelle à la valeur de la température.
- un générateur de tension constante à courant continu basse tension.
- un circuit de comparaison (21) entre la valeur consigne (25) et la mesure par sonde (20), comprenant un double comparateur à fenêtre pourvu d'un échantillonneur et d'un système de commuta­tion à flanc raide.
- une interface de puissance (22) munie d'un système de commande au passage à zéro de l'onde alternative.
- un opto-coupleur disposé entre la sortie du comparateur (21) et l'interface de puissance (22).7. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supply of electric current to the photon emitters is provided with an electronic regulation device controlled by a thermostat and / or computer comprising:
- a temperature probe (20) or sensor having characteristics such that for the usual measurement range the value of the probe is directly proportional to the value of the temperature.
- a constant voltage generator with low voltage direct current.
- a comparison circuit (21) between the set value (25) and the measurement by probe (20), comprising a double window comparator provided with a sampler and a steep-flank switching system.
- a power interface (22) provided with a control system at zero crossing of the alternating wave.
- an opto-coupler arranged between the comparator output (21) and the power interface (22). 8. Procédé pour le conditionnement de l'air contenu dans un local délimité par des parois, caractérisé en ce que l'air circule au travers d'un dispositif émetteur, en ce que l'air circule au travers d'un dispositif émetteur de photons dans lequel l'air est ionisé négativement (chargé d'ions négatifs) et soumis à une augmentation de la température par dissipation de chaleur d'origine électrothermique et photothermique provenant des émetteurs de photons alimentés en énergie électrique.8. A method for conditioning the air contained in a room delimited by walls, characterized in that the air circulates through an emitting device, in that the air circulates through an emitting device of photons in which the air is negatively ionized (charged with negative ions) and subjected to an increase in temperature by dissipation of heat of electrothermal and photothermal origin coming from the emitters of photons supplied with electric energy. 9. Procédé selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme dispositif émetteur de photons l'appareil tel que décrit et revendiqué par les revendications 1 à 7.9. Method according to claim 8 characterized in that the device as described and claimed in claims 1 to 7 is used as the photon emitting device. 10. Utilisation d'un appareil de chauffage selon les revendications 1 à 7 pour assécher les parois d'un local dans lequel est installé l'appareil par l'accumulation de l'énergie thermique par les parois en tant que chaleur active résultant de l'état de l'air ionisé négativement par l'appareil de chauffage, et ce tout en maintenant, sans apport d'eau, un degré hygrométrique approprié dans le local.10. Use of a heating device according to claims 1 to 7 for drying the walls of a room in which the device is installed by the accumulation of thermal energy by the walls as active heat resulting from the state of the air negatively ionized by the heater, and this while maintaining, without any contribution of water, an appropriate humidity level in the room.
EP88870147A 1987-09-14 1988-09-14 Electrical heating apparatus Withdrawn EP0308388A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712681A FR2620519B1 (en) 1987-09-14 1987-09-14 ELECTRIC HEATER
FR8712681 1987-09-14

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EP0308388A1 true EP0308388A1 (en) 1989-03-22

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FR (1) FR2620519B1 (en)

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EP0511294A1 (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-11-04 Squared Semiconductor Corp G Heating apparatus for semiconductor wafers or substrates.
US5317492A (en) * 1990-01-19 1994-05-31 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5511145A (en) * 1993-11-16 1996-04-23 Bailey; Ralph E. Portable electric heater or floor lamp
US6016383A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-01-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
US6072160A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing the efficiency of radiant energy sources used in rapid thermal processing of substrates by energy reflection
US6717158B1 (en) 1999-01-06 2004-04-06 Mattson Technology, Inc. Heating device for heating semiconductor wafers in thermal processing chambers

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Cited By (21)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6122439A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-09-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
EP0695922A1 (en) * 1990-01-19 1996-02-07 Applied Materials, Inc. Heating apparatus for semiconductor wafers or substrates
US5767486A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-06-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a plurality of radiant energy sources and a source of processing gas
US5840125A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-11-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a substrate support and an external drive to rotate the same
US5790751A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-08-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus including a plurality of light pipes and a pyrometer for measuring substrate temperature
US6434327B1 (en) 1990-01-19 2002-08-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
US5683173A (en) * 1990-01-19 1997-11-04 Applied Materials, Inc. Cooling chamber for a rapid thermal heating apparatus
US5689614A (en) * 1990-01-19 1997-11-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and control therefor
US5708755A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-01-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5743643A (en) * 1990-01-19 1998-04-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
US5317492A (en) * 1990-01-19 1994-05-31 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method
EP0511294A4 (en) * 1990-01-19 1993-09-15 G-Squared Semiconductor Corporation Heating apparatus for semiconductor wafers or substrates
US5487127A (en) * 1990-01-19 1996-01-23 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method utilizing plurality of light pipes
US6016383A (en) * 1990-01-19 2000-01-18 Applied Materials, Inc. Rapid thermal heating apparatus and method including an infrared camera to measure substrate temperature
EP1049356A3 (en) * 1990-01-19 2001-03-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Heating apparatus for semiconductor wafers or substrates
EP0511294A1 (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-11-04 Squared Semiconductor Corp G Heating apparatus for semiconductor wafers or substrates.
US5511145A (en) * 1993-11-16 1996-04-23 Bailey; Ralph E. Portable electric heater or floor lamp
US6072160A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing the efficiency of radiant energy sources used in rapid thermal processing of substrates by energy reflection
US6717158B1 (en) 1999-01-06 2004-04-06 Mattson Technology, Inc. Heating device for heating semiconductor wafers in thermal processing chambers
US6771895B2 (en) 1999-01-06 2004-08-03 Mattson Technology, Inc. Heating device for heating semiconductor wafers in thermal processing chambers
US8138451B2 (en) 1999-01-06 2012-03-20 Mattson Technology, Inc. Heating device for heating semiconductor wafers in thermal processing chambers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2620519A1 (en) 1989-03-17
FR2620519B1 (en) 1990-01-19

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