EP0303851A2 - Process for starting-up a gasifier - Google Patents

Process for starting-up a gasifier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0303851A2
EP0303851A2 EP88111829A EP88111829A EP0303851A2 EP 0303851 A2 EP0303851 A2 EP 0303851A2 EP 88111829 A EP88111829 A EP 88111829A EP 88111829 A EP88111829 A EP 88111829A EP 0303851 A2 EP0303851 A2 EP 0303851A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carburetor
combustion chamber
gasifier
combustion
gas mixture
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Granted
Application number
EP88111829A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0303851A3 (en
EP0303851B1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Dr. Brüngel
Hermann-Josef Schumacher
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Rheinbraun AG
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Rheinbraun AG
Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/726Start-up
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for starting a gasifier for gasifying carbon-containing fuel with the aid of oxygen-containing gasifying agent in the fluidized bed.
  • HTW high temperature Winkler
  • the gasifier is heated without pressure to a temperature with normal gas burners, so-called bakeout burners, which corresponds at least to the later gasification temperature, for example between 800 and 1000 ° C. Reaching the heating temperature is determined by measuring the head of the carburetor.
  • the heating burners are dismantled while hot, while at the same time all supply of inert gas is switched off. At the points where the heating torches have been dismantled, the openings are then closed with blind covers. Because of the possibility of backflow of hot gases, the removal of the heating burner from the heated carburetor is only possible with great safety precautions.
  • the carburetor is flushed again with inert gas in order to expel oxygen-containing gases which may have penetrated into the carburetor when the heating burner was removed.
  • the new inert gas feed is still depressurized, but it is disadvantageous because the carburetor inevitably cools down.
  • the residual temperature of about 500 to 600 ° C is sufficient, however, to ignite pilot fuel, for example lignite coke, which is subsequently introduced into the gasifier and to start the gasification process while gradually adding oxygen-containing gasifying agent.
  • this object is achieved in that the carburetor is filled with an inert, gaseous medium and brought under an overpressure and, after determining the tightness, a combustible gas mixture in a combustion chamber connected to the lower part of the carburetor with the aid of an ignition device which works under pressure ignited and essentially burned while maintaining the excess pressure at least until the temperature inside the gasifier corresponds to the gasification temperature.
  • the implementation of the method is therefore dependent on the presence of an ignition device that works under pressure and is known, for example, from DE-PS 28 32 115 by the applicant.
  • the known ignition device is arranged according to the invention on a combustion chamber which is provided on the lower part of the carburetor and is used to mix an ignitable mixture z. B. to burn air and fuel gas. Since both the igniting of this combustible mixture and its combustion can take place under pressure, it is possible to initiate the combustion after inerting and the leak test of the carburetor without having to reduce the pressure in between. This ensures that further leaks can no longer occur due to the dismantling of parts, for example the known heating burners, and / or due to the interim lowering of the pressure on the carburetor.
  • the hot combustion gases generated in the combustion chamber are suitable for gradually heating the larger quantities of fuel within the carburettor to the ignition temperature in a reducing atmosphere and thus initiating final gasification reactions.
  • the gasifier is gradually supplied with an oxygen-containing gasifying agent. In this way, the carburetor is brought to performance in a relatively short time and with great operational reliability.
  • the amount of gas mixture burned in the combustion chamber is reduced.
  • the combustion in the combustion chamber can even be switched off completely. Since the ignition flame can be generated again using the ignition device, which can be switched on at any time, it is possible to switch the combustion on again if the gasification operation should be interrupted for a while.
  • a device for starting a gasifier for gasifying carbon-containing fuel with the aid of oxygen-containing gasifying agent in the fluidized bed under pressure is proposed, which is characterized in that a pressure-resistant combustion chamber for the combustion of a combustible gas mixture with a pressure-functioning ignition device with the lower one Part of the carburetor is at least temporarily connected.
  • the combustion chamber can be connected in two ways to the gasification chamber of the gasifier by means of an openable slide.
  • the combustion chamber is advantageously arranged at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the carburetor, because this inclination of the combustion chamber facilitates restarting.
  • the inclination of the combustion chamber is namely sure that fuel that has entered the combustion chamber from the fluidized bed and is intended for gasification can flow out of the combustion chamber again and again under the effect of gravity. If gravity alone is insufficient, the remainder is eliminated by the flow of the combustion gases that burn in the combustion chamber.
  • the figure shows the diagram of a carburetor in section.
  • the carburetor 1 is used to convert fuel 2, which is introduced into the lower part 4 of the carburetor 1 via an entry device 3 and there with the aid of oxygen-containing gasifying agent 5, which is fed to the carburetor 1 via a plurality of nozzles (not shown) Gas is implemented.
  • the conversion of the fuel 2 with the aid of the gasification agent 5 takes place within a fluidized bed 6.
  • temperatures between 800 and 1000 ° C. and pressures between 5 and 30 bar prevail within the gasifier 1.
  • a discharge 8 At the head 7 of the carburetor 1 there is the discharge 8, in the path of which a slide 9 is arranged, by means of which the gasification pressure inside the carburetor 1 can be set.
  • a discharge member 10 At the lower end of the lower part 4 of the carburetor 1, a discharge member 10 is provided, via which the non-convertible components 11 of the fuel 2 are drawn off.
  • a combustion chamber 13 is connected, which with the Carburetor 1 is permanently connected and is optionally separated from the carburetor 1 by a lockable slide 14.
  • a combustible gas mixture 15 is burned, which consists for example of natural gas, product gas or a mixture of CO / H2.
  • the combustion takes place under pressure with the help of oxygen 16 or air, and by adjusting the proportions between the gases 15 and 16 it is ensured that only a partial combustion of the fuel gas 15 can take place and an excess of oxygen is avoided.
  • the combustion in the connected combustion chamber 13 takes place continuously and the occurrence of explosive gas mixtures is thereby excluded.
  • An ignition device 17 such as is described in detail in DE-PS 28 32 115, is used to ignite the combustion within the combustion chamber 13. With the help of this ignition device 17 it is possible to keep the combustion in the combustion chamber 13 under pressure and to start it up again at any time.
  • the carburetor 1 For example 2000 m3 / h of fuel gas 15 are burned with 200 m3 / h of oxygen 16, ie in a ratio of 10: 1, in the combustion chamber 13.
  • the supply of carbon-containing fuel 2 and the gradually increased addition of oxygen-containing gasifying agent 5, for example air, steam or O2 takes place until the gasification is in progress.
  • the combustion chamber 13 is either separated from the effective area of the carburetor 1 via the lockable slide 14 or, when the connection 14 is open, an ignition flame 18 can be maintained on the ignition device 17 while the supply of combustible gas 15 and oxygen 16 is switched off.
  • a gas mixture is used which is characterized by a lack of oxygen and is therefore not explosive.
  • this fuel gas is burned, an unburned excess remains, which can be discharged at the outlet 8 of the gasifier 1 into a heating gas system or power plant (not shown) and can be completely burned there.

Abstract

Beim Anfahren eines Vergasers zur Vergasung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff mit sauerstoffhaltigen Vergasgunsmitteln in der Wirbelschicht wird der inertisierte und auf Dichtigkeit geprüfte Vergaser zunächst drucklos mit Aufheizbrennern angewärmt. Die Aufgabe besteht darin, die Inbetriebnahme des Vergasers zu vereinfachen und gleichzeitig Energie zu sparen. Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Vergaser (1) mit einem inerten, gasförmigen Medium gefüllt und unter einen Überdruck gebracht wird und, nach Feststellung der Dichtheit, in einer mit dem unteren Teil (4) des Vergasers (1) verbundenen Brennkammer (13) ein brennbares Gasgemisch (15) mit Hilfe einer unter Druck funktionierenden Zündvorrichtung (17) gezündet und unter Einhaltung des Überdrucks im Vergaser (1) mindestens solange verbrannt wird, bis die Temperatur innerhalb des Vergasers (1) der Vergasungstemperatur entspricht. Gleichzeitig wird eine Vorrichtung angegben, die mit einer druckfesten Brennkammer (13) zur Verbrennung des brennbaren Gasgemischs (15) mit Hilfe der unter Druck funktionierenden Zündvorrichtung (17) versehen und mit dem unteren Teil (4) des Vergasers (1) wenigstens zeitweise verbunden ist. Die Verbindung erfolgt über einen öffenbaren Schieber (14). Die Brennkammer (13) ist zur Längachse des Vergasers (1) in einem spitzen Winkel angeordnet.When starting a carburetor for the gasification of carbon-containing fuel with oxygen-containing gasifying agents in the fluidized bed, the inertized and leak-tested gasifier is first heated without pressure using heating burners. The task is to simplify the start-up of the carburetor while saving energy. This object is achieved in that the carburetor (1) is filled with an inert, gaseous medium and brought under an overpressure and, after establishing the tightness, in a combustion chamber (13) connected to the lower part (4) of the carburetor (1) ) a combustible gas mixture (15) is ignited with the aid of an ignition device (17) functioning under pressure and is burned while maintaining the excess pressure in the carburetor (1) at least until the temperature inside the carburetor (1) corresponds to the gasification temperature. At the same time, a device is specified which is provided with a pressure-resistant combustion chamber (13) for burning the combustible gas mixture (15) with the aid of the ignition device (17) functioning under pressure and which is connected at least temporarily to the lower part (4) of the gasifier (1) . The connection is made via an openable slide (14). The combustion chamber (13) is arranged at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the carburetor (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Vergasers zur Vergasung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff mit Hilfe von sauerstoffhaltigem Vergasungsmittel in der Wirbelschicht.The invention relates to a method for starting a gasifier for gasifying carbon-containing fuel with the aid of oxygen-containing gasifying agent in the fluidized bed.

Zum Anfahren, d. h. Aufheizen von Vergasern zur Umwandlung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff in der Wirbelschicht, beispielsweise HTW-Vergaser (HTW = Hoch Temperatur Winkler), geht man bisher so vor, daß man den Vergaser mit einem Inertgas, beispielsweise Stickstoff füllt, unter Druck bringt und die Dichtigkeit prüft. Die Dichtigkeits­prüfung wird mit Inertgas durchgeführt, damit sauerstoff­haltige Gasbestandteile, die sich trotz vorangegangener Inertgasspülung noch in dem Vergaser bzw. in dessen Ausmauerung befinden und zu unerwünschten Reaktionen führen könnten, entfernt bzw. zu ungefährlicher Konzentration verdünnt werden.To start, d. H. Heating up carburetors to convert carbon-containing fuel in the fluidized bed, for example HTW carburetors (HTW = high temperature Winkler), has been done so far that the carburetor is filled with an inert gas, for example nitrogen, pressurized and the tightness is checked. The leak test is carried out with inert gas so that oxygen-containing gas components that are still in the carburetor or in its lining despite previous inert gas flushing and could lead to undesirable reactions are removed or diluted to a safe concentration.

Im Anschluß an die Dichtigkeitsprüfung wird der Vergaser mit normalen Gasbrennern, sogenannten Ausfheizbrennern, drucklos auf eine Temperatur aufgeheizt, die wenigstens der späteren Vergasungstemperatur, beispielsweise zwischen 800 und 1000° C entspricht. Das Erreichen der Aufheiztemperatur wird durch Messung am Kopf des Vergasers festgestellt.After the leak test, the gasifier is heated without pressure to a temperature with normal gas burners, so-called bakeout burners, which corresponds at least to the later gasification temperature, for example between 800 and 1000 ° C. Reaching the heating temperature is determined by measuring the head of the carburetor.

Nach der Beendigung des Aufheizens werden die Aufheiz­brenner im heißen Zustand demontiert, während gleichzeitig sämtliche Zufuhr von Inertgas abgestellt wird. An den Stellen, wo die Aufheizbrenner demontiert wurden, werden die Öffnungen anschließend mit Blinddeckeln verschlossen. Wegen der Möglichkeit des Rückströmens heißer Gase ist das Entfernen der Aufheizbrenner von dem aufgeheizten Vergaser nur unter großen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen möglich.After the heating has ended, the heating burners are dismantled while hot, while at the same time all supply of inert gas is switched off. At the points where the heating torches have been dismantled, the openings are then closed with blind covers. Because of the possibility of backflow of hot gases, the removal of the heating burner from the heated carburetor is only possible with great safety precautions.

Nachdem die Öffnungen des aufgeheizten Vergasers mit den Blinddeckeln verschlossen sind, wird der Vergaser abermals mit Inertgas gespült, um sauerstoffhaltige Gase auszutrei­ben, die bei der Demontage der Aufheizbrenner in den Vergaser eingedrungen sein können. Die erneute Inertgas­aufgabe erfolgt noch drucklos, sie ist jedoch nachteilig, da sich dabei der Vergaser unvermeidlich abkühlt. Die Resttemperatur von etwa 500 bis 600° C reicht aber aus, um anschließend in den Vergaser eingeführten Zündbrennstoff, beispielsweise Braunkohlenkoks, zu entzünden und unter allmählicher Zufuhr von sauerstoffhaltigem Vergasungsmittel den Vergasungsprozeß in Gang zu bringen. Dabei wird jeweils nur soviel Sauerstoff mit dem Vergasungsmittel zugeführt, daß ein unterstöchiometrischer Umsatz des Zündbrennstoffs stattfinden kann, um auf jeden Fall das Vorhandensein von nicht umgesetztem Sauerstoff in dem Vergaser zu verhindern. Die Brennstoffzufuhr wird gesteigert und im Maße der Umsetzung erhöht sich die Temperatur, bis schließlich auf den regulären Vergaserbetrieb mit frischem, kontinuierlich zugeführten Brennstoff und sauerstoffhaltigem Vergasungs­mittel umgeschaltet werden kann.After the openings of the heated carburetor are closed with the blind covers, the carburetor is flushed again with inert gas in order to expel oxygen-containing gases which may have penetrated into the carburetor when the heating burner was removed. The new inert gas feed is still depressurized, but it is disadvantageous because the carburetor inevitably cools down. The residual temperature of about 500 to 600 ° C is sufficient, however, to ignite pilot fuel, for example lignite coke, which is subsequently introduced into the gasifier and to start the gasification process while gradually adding oxygen-containing gasifying agent. In this case, only so much oxygen is supplied to the gasification agent that a substoichiometric conversion of the pilot fuel can take place in order to prevent the presence of unreacted oxygen in the gasifier. The fuel supply is increased and the temperature increases as the conversion progresses until it is finally possible to switch over to regular gasifier operation with fresh, continuously supplied fuel and oxygen-containing gasifying agent.

Die bekannte Art des Aufheizens bzw. Anfahrens eines Vergasers ist schwierig und nur mit Hilfe von aufwendigen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen durchführbar. Außerdem geht ein beträchtlicher Teil der eingebrachten Energie durch die notwendige Inertisierung nach dem Aufheizprozeß wieder verloren.The known way of heating or starting a carburetor is difficult and can only be carried out with the help of complex safety precautions. In addition, a considerable part of the energy introduced is lost again due to the necessary inerting after the heating process.

Daraus ergibt sich die Aufgabe für die vorliegende Erfin­dung, das Anfahren eines Vergasers zu vereinfachen, zu verkürzen, sicherer zu machen und die für das Aufheizen eingebrachte Energie ohne wesentliche Verluste für den anschließenden Vergasungsprozess zu nutzen.This results in the object of the present invention to simplify the start-up of a carburetor, to shorten it, to make it safer and to use the energy introduced for heating up without significant losses for the subsequent gasification process.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Vergaser mit einem inerten, gasförmigen Medium gefüllt und unter einen Überdruck gebracht wird und, nach Feststellung der Dichtheit, in einer mit dem unteren Teil des Vergasers verbundenen Brennkammer ein brennbares Gasgemisch mit Hilfe einer unter Druck funktionierenden Zündvorrichtung gezündet und im wesentlichen unter Einhaltung des Überdrucks mindestens so lange verbrannt wird, bis die Temperatur innerhalb des Vergasers der Vergasungstemperatur ent­spricht.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the carburetor is filled with an inert, gaseous medium and brought under an overpressure and, after determining the tightness, a combustible gas mixture in a combustion chamber connected to the lower part of the carburetor with the aid of an ignition device which works under pressure ignited and essentially burned while maintaining the excess pressure at least until the temperature inside the gasifier corresponds to the gasification temperature.

Die Durchführung des Verfahrens ist demnach an das Vorhan­densein einer Zündvorrichtung gebunden, die unter Druck funktioniert und beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 28 32 115 der Anmelderin bekannt ist. Die bekannte Zündvorrichtung wird erfindungsgemäß an einer Brennkammer angeordnet, die am unteren Teil des Vergasers vorgesehen ist und dazu dient, ein zündfähiges Gemisch z. B. von Luft und Brenngas zu verbrennen. Da sowohl das Zünden dieses brennfähigen Gemischs als auch seine Verbrennung unter Druck erfolgen können, ist es möglich, nach dem Inertisieren und der Dichtigkeitsprüfung des Vergasers die Verbrennung einzu­leiten, ohne daß zwischendurch eine Druckabsenkung vorge­nommen werden muß. Dabei wird gewährleistet, daß erneute Undichtigkeiten durch die Demontage von Teilen, beispiels­weise den bekannten Aufheizbrennern, und/oder durch die zwischenzeitliche Absenkung des Drucks an dem Vergaser nicht mehr auftreten können.The implementation of the method is therefore dependent on the presence of an ignition device that works under pressure and is known, for example, from DE-PS 28 32 115 by the applicant. The known ignition device is arranged according to the invention on a combustion chamber which is provided on the lower part of the carburetor and is used to mix an ignitable mixture z. B. to burn air and fuel gas. Since both the igniting of this combustible mixture and its combustion can take place under pressure, it is possible to initiate the combustion after inerting and the leak test of the carburetor without having to reduce the pressure in between. This ensures that further leaks can no longer occur due to the dismantling of parts, for example the known heating burners, and / or due to the interim lowering of the pressure on the carburetor.

Die in der Brennkammer erzeugten heißen Verbrennungsgase sind dazu geeignet, den nach und nach in größeren Mengen zugeführten Brennstoff innerhalb des Vergasers in reduzie­render Atmosphäre auf Zündtemperatur zu erhitzen und damit bereits Endvergasungsreaktionen einzuleiten. Mit Fort­schreiten dieser Umsetzung wird dem Vergaser nach und nach sauerstoffhaltiges Vergasungsmittel zugeführt. Auf diese Weise wird der Vergaser in verhältnismäßig kurzer Zeit und mit großer Betriebssicherheit auf Leistung gebracht.The hot combustion gases generated in the combustion chamber are suitable for gradually heating the larger quantities of fuel within the carburettor to the ignition temperature in a reducing atmosphere and thus initiating final gasification reactions. As this reaction proceeds, the gasifier is gradually supplied with an oxygen-containing gasifying agent. In this way, the carburetor is brought to performance in a relatively short time and with great operational reliability.

Mit fortschreitendem Vergasungsprozeß wird die Menge des in der Brennkammer verbrannten Gasgemischs zurückgenommen. Die Verbrennung in der Brennkammer kann sogar völlig abgeschal­tet werden. Da über die jederzeit einschaltbare Zündvor­richtung die Zündflamme wieder neu erzeugt werden kann, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Verbrennung wieder einzuschal­ten, wenn der Vergasungsbetrieb eine Zeitlang unterbrochen werden sollte.As the gasification process progresses, the amount of gas mixture burned in the combustion chamber is reduced. The combustion in the combustion chamber can even be switched off completely. Since the ignition flame can be generated again using the ignition device, which can be switched on at any time, it is possible to switch the combustion on again if the gasification operation should be interrupted for a while.

Insgesamt ergeben sich mehrere Vorteile, nämlich:
- daß die Dichtigkeitsprüfung und der Aufheiz- und Anfahr­prozeß bereits bei dem gewählten Betriebsdruck erfolgen,
- daß die Brennkammer einschließlich der Zündvorrichtung mit dem Vergaser verbunden ist und betriebsbereit bleibt,
- daß die Verbrennung in der Brennkammer mit einem Brenn­gasüberschuß arbeitet,
- daß die Verbrennung des Brenngases sowohl mit Sauerstoff als auch mit Luft erfolgen kann,
- daß die Zündung der Verbrennung in der Brenkammer mittels Thermoelementen überwacht werden kann,
- daß die Zündung der Verbrennung in der Brennkammer mit Hilfe einer kontiuierlich betriebenen, und unter Druck funktinierenden Zündvorrichtung, erfolgt,
- daß die Zündvorrichtung jederzeit wieder gestartet werden kann,
- daß bei mehrsträngigen Vergasungsanlagen das Produktgas als Brenngas eingesetzt werden kann,
- daß ein Einzelvergaser innerhalb einer mehrsträngigen Vergasungsanlage immer betriebsbereit gehalten und inner­halb kürzester Frist auf Leistung gebracht werden kann (stand-by-Betrieb), und
- daß die Anfahrzeiten des Vergasers verkürzt werden können.
Overall, there are several advantages, namely:
- that the leak test and the heating and starting process are carried out at the selected operating pressure,
that the combustion chamber including the ignition device is connected to the carburetor and remains ready for operation,
that the combustion in the combustion chamber works with excess fuel gas,
that the combustion of the fuel gas can take place both with oxygen and with air,
that the ignition of the combustion in the combustion chamber can be monitored by means of thermocouples,
that the combustion is ignited in the combustion chamber with the aid of a continuously operated ignition device which functions under pressure,
that the ignition device can be started again at any time,
that the product gas can be used as fuel gas in multi-line gasification plants,
- That a single carburetor within a multi-line gasification system can always be kept ready for operation and can be brought up to speed within a very short period of time (stand-by operation), and
- That the start-up times of the carburetor can be shortened.

Neben dem Verfahren wird eine Vorrichtung zum Anfahren eines Vergasers zur Vergasung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff mit Hilfe von sauerstoffhaltigem Vergasungsmit­tel in der Wirbelschicht unter Druck vorgeschlagen, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß eine druckfeste Brennkammer zur Verbrennung eines brennbaren Gasgemischs mit einer unter Druck funktionierenden Zündvorrichtung mit dem unteren Teil des Vergasers wenigstens zeitweise verbunden ist. Die Brennkammer kann über einen öffenbaren Schieber mit dem Vergasungsraum des Vergasers zweitweise verbunden werden.In addition to the method, a device for starting a gasifier for gasifying carbon-containing fuel with the aid of oxygen-containing gasifying agent in the fluidized bed under pressure is proposed, which is characterized in that a pressure-resistant combustion chamber for the combustion of a combustible gas mixture with a pressure-functioning ignition device with the lower one Part of the carburetor is at least temporarily connected. The combustion chamber can be connected in two ways to the gasification chamber of the gasifier by means of an openable slide.

Vorteilhaft wird die Brennkammer zur Längsachse des Vergasers unter einem spitzen Winkel angeordnet, denn diese Schrägstellung der Brennkammer erleichtert das Wiederan­fahren. Die Schrägstellung der Brennkammer stellt nämlich sicher, daß aus der Wirbelschicht in die Brennkammer eingedrungener Brennstoff, der zur Vergasung vorgesehen ist, unter der Wirkung der Schwerkraft aus der Brennkammer immer wieder abfließen kann. Sofern die Schwerkraft allein nicht ausreicht, wird die restliche Beseitigung durch die Strömung der Brenngase erzielt, die in der Brennkammer verbrennen.The combustion chamber is advantageously arranged at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the carburetor, because this inclination of the combustion chamber facilitates restarting. The inclination of the combustion chamber is namely sure that fuel that has entered the combustion chamber from the fluidized bed and is intended for gasification can flow out of the combustion chamber again and again under the effect of gravity. If gravity alone is insufficient, the remainder is eliminated by the flow of the combustion gases that burn in the combustion chamber.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbei­spiels näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

Die Figur zeigt das Schema eines Vergasers im Schnitt.The figure shows the diagram of a carburetor in section.

Der Vergaser 1 dient zur Umwandlung von Brennstoff 2, welcher über eine Eintragsvorrichtung 3 in den unteren Teil 4 des Vergasers 1 eingebracht und dort mit Hilfe von sauerstoffhaltigem Vergasungsmittel 5, welches dem Vergaser 1 über eine Mehrzahl von Düsen (nicht gezeigt) zugeführt wird, in Gas umgesetzt wird. Die Umsetzung des Brennstoffs 2 mit Hilfe des Vergasungsmittels 5 erfolgt innerhalb einer Wirbelschicht 6. Bei der Umsetzung herrschen innerhalb des Vergasers 1 Temperaturen zwischen 800 und 1000° C und Drücke zwischen 5 und 30 bar.The carburetor 1 is used to convert fuel 2, which is introduced into the lower part 4 of the carburetor 1 via an entry device 3 and there with the aid of oxygen-containing gasifying agent 5, which is fed to the carburetor 1 via a plurality of nozzles (not shown) Gas is implemented. The conversion of the fuel 2 with the aid of the gasification agent 5 takes place within a fluidized bed 6. During the conversion, temperatures between 800 and 1000 ° C. and pressures between 5 and 30 bar prevail within the gasifier 1.

Am Kopf 7 des Vergasers 1 befindet sich der Austrag 8, in dessen Weg ein Schieber 9 angeordnet ist, mit dessen Hilfe der Vergasungsdruck innerhalb des Vergasers 1 eingestellt werden kann. Am unteren Ende des unteren Teils 4 des Vergasers 1 ist ein Austragsorgan 10 vorgesehen, über welches die nicht umwandelbaren Bestandteile 11 des Brennstoffs 2 abgezogen werden.At the head 7 of the carburetor 1 there is the discharge 8, in the path of which a slide 9 is arranged, by means of which the gasification pressure inside the carburetor 1 can be set. At the lower end of the lower part 4 of the carburetor 1, a discharge member 10 is provided, via which the non-convertible components 11 of the fuel 2 are drawn off.

An einem Stutzen 12, der unter einem spitzen Winkel seitlich neben dem unteren Teil 4 des Vergasers 1 herauf­ragt, ist eine Brennkammer 13 angeschlossen, die mit dem Vergaser 1 dauerhaft verbunden ist und von dem Vergaser 1 gegebenenfalls durch einen absperrbaren Schieber 14 getrennt wird. In der Brennkammer 13 wird ein brennbares Gasgemisch 15 verbrannt, welches beispielsweise aus Erdgas, Produktgas oder einem Gemisch aus CO/H₂ besteht. Die Verbrennung erfolgt unter Druck mit Hilfe von Sauerstoff 16 oder Luft, wobei durch Einstellung der Mengenverhältnisse zwischen den Gasen 15 und 16 dafür gesorgt wird, daß immer nur eine partielle Verbrennung des Brenngases 15 stattfin­den kann und ein Überschuß von Sauerstoff vermieden wird. Die Verbrennung in der zugeschalteten Brennkammer 13 erfolgt kontinuierlich und das Entstehen von explosions­fähigen Gagesmischen wird dadurch ausgeschlossen.At a nozzle 12, which projects laterally at an acute angle next to the lower part 4 of the carburetor 1, a combustion chamber 13 is connected, which with the Carburetor 1 is permanently connected and is optionally separated from the carburetor 1 by a lockable slide 14. In the combustion chamber 13, a combustible gas mixture 15 is burned, which consists for example of natural gas, product gas or a mixture of CO / H₂. The combustion takes place under pressure with the help of oxygen 16 or air, and by adjusting the proportions between the gases 15 and 16 it is ensured that only a partial combustion of the fuel gas 15 can take place and an excess of oxygen is avoided. The combustion in the connected combustion chamber 13 takes place continuously and the occurrence of explosive gas mixtures is thereby excluded.

Zur Zündung der Verbrennung innerhalb der Brennkammer 13 dient eine Zündvorrichtung 17, wie sie beispielsweise in der DE-PS 28 32 115 ausführlich beschrieben ist. Mit Hilfe dieser Zündvorrichtung 17 ist es möglich, die Verbrennung in der Brenkammer 13 unter Druck in Gang zu halten und jederzeit wieder in Gang zu bringen.An ignition device 17, such as is described in detail in DE-PS 28 32 115, is used to ignite the combustion within the combustion chamber 13. With the help of this ignition device 17 it is possible to keep the combustion in the combustion chamber 13 under pressure and to start it up again at any time.

Zum Anfahren des Vergasers 1 werden in der Brennkammer 13 beispielsweise 2000 m³/h Brenngas 15 mit 200 m³/h Sauerstoff 16, d.h. im Verhältnis von 10 : 1 verbrannt. Sobald die Vergasungstemperatur in der Nähe von 900° C innerhalb des Vergasers 1 erreicht ist, erfolgt die Zufuhr von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff 2 und die allmählich gesteigerte Zugabe von sauerstoffhaltigem Vergasungsmittel 5, beispielsweise Luft, Dampf oder O₂, bis die Vergasung in Gang ist. Danach wird die Brennkammer 13 entweder über den absperrbaren Schieber 14 vom Wirkungsraum des Vergasers 1 getrennt oder bei geöffneter Verbindung 14 kann eine Zündflamme 18 an der Zündvorrichtung 17 unterhalten werden, während die Zufuhr von brennbarem Gas 15 und Sauerstoff 16 abgeschaltet ist.To start the carburetor 1, for example 2000 m³ / h of fuel gas 15 are burned with 200 m³ / h of oxygen 16, ie in a ratio of 10: 1, in the combustion chamber 13. As soon as the gasification temperature is reached in the vicinity of 900 ° C within the gasifier 1, the supply of carbon-containing fuel 2 and the gradually increased addition of oxygen-containing gasifying agent 5, for example air, steam or O₂, takes place until the gasification is in progress. Thereafter, the combustion chamber 13 is either separated from the effective area of the carburetor 1 via the lockable slide 14 or, when the connection 14 is open, an ignition flame 18 can be maintained on the ignition device 17 while the supply of combustible gas 15 and oxygen 16 is switched off.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Anheizen des Vergasers 1 wird grundsätzlich mit einem Gasgemisch gearbeitet, das sich durch einen Mangel an Sauerstoff auzeichnet und daher nicht explosionsfähig ist. Bei der Verbrennung dieses Brenngases verbleibt ein unverbrannter Überschuß, der am Austritt 8 des Vergasers 1 in ein Heizgassystem oder Kraftwerk (nicht gezeigt) abgegeben und dort vollständig verbrannt werden kann.When the gasifier 1 is heated according to the invention, a gas mixture is used which is characterized by a lack of oxygen and is therefore not explosive. When this fuel gas is burned, an unburned excess remains, which can be discharged at the outlet 8 of the gasifier 1 into a heating gas system or power plant (not shown) and can be completely burned there.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Vergasers zur Vergasung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff mit Hilfe von sauerstoff­haltigem Vergasungsmittel in der Wirbelschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Vergaser mit einem inerten, gasförmigen Medium gefüllt und unter einen Überdruck gebracht wird, und, nach Feststellung der Dichtheit, in einer mit dem unteren Teil des Vergasers verbundenen Brennkammer ein brennbares Gasgemisch mit Hilfe einer unter Druck funktionierenden Zündvorrichtung gezündet und im wesentlichen unter Einhaltung des Überdrucks mindestens solange verbrannt wird, bis die Temperatur innerhalb des Vergasers der Vergasungstemperatur entspricht.1. A method for starting a gasifier for the gasification of carbon-containing fuel with the aid of oxygen-containing gasifying agent in the fluidized bed, characterized in that the gasifier is filled with an inert, gaseous medium and brought under an overpressure, and, after determining the tightness, in one with the lower part of the carburetor, a combustible gas mixture is ignited with the aid of an ignition device that works under pressure and is burned, while maintaining the excess pressure, at least until the temperature inside the carburetor corresponds to the gasification temperature. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Vergaser während der Verbrennung des Gasgemischs eine zunehmende Menge an Brennstoff zugeführt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an increasing amount of fuel is supplied to the gasifier during the combustion of the gas mixture. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Vergaser während der Verbrennung des Gasgemischs eine zunehmende Menge an Vergasungsmittel zugeführt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the gasifier is supplied with an increasing amount of gasifying agent during the combustion of the gas mixture. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennung das Gasgemischs in der Brennkammer während der Vergasung des Brennstoffs im Vergaser abgeschaltet oder bis auf das Brennen einer Zündflamme an der Zündvorrichtung eingeschränkt wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber is switched off during the gasification of the fuel in the carburetor or is limited to the burning of an ignition flame on the ignition device. 5. Vorrichtung zum Anfahren eines Vergasers zur Vergasung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff mit Hilfe von sauer­stoffhaltigem Vergasungsmittel in der Wirbelschicht unter Druck, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine druckfeste Brenn­ kammer (13) zur Verbrennung eines brennbaren Gasgemischs (15, 16) mit einer unter Druck funktionierenden Zündvor­richtung (17) mit dem unteren Teil (4) des Vergasers (1) wenigstens zeitweise verbunden ist.5. Device for starting a gasifier for gasifying carbon-containing fuel with the help of oxygen-containing gasifying agent in the fluidized bed under pressure, characterized in that a pressure-resistant combustion Chamber (13) for combustion of a combustible gas mixture (15, 16) with an ignition device (17) functioning under pressure is connected at least temporarily to the lower part (4) of the carburetor (1). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennkammer (13) über einen öffenbaren Schieber (14) mit dem Vergaser (1) verbunden ist.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the combustion chamber (13) via an openable slide (14) with the carburetor (1) is connected. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Brennkammer (13) zur Längachse des Vergasers (1) in einem spitzen Winkel angeordnet ist.7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the combustion chamber (13) to the longitudinal axis of the carburetor (1) is arranged at an acute angle.
EP88111829A 1987-08-14 1988-07-22 Process for starting-up a gasifier Expired - Lifetime EP0303851B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3727146A DE3727146C1 (en) 1987-08-14 1987-08-14 Process for starting a carburetor
DE3727146 1987-08-14

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EP0303851A3 EP0303851A3 (en) 1989-10-18
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EP (1) EP0303851B1 (en)
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GR (1) GR3002165T3 (en)

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EP0484993A1 (en) * 1990-11-07 1992-05-13 METALLGESELLSCHAFT Aktiengesellschaft Process for controlling the start-up of a fluidised bed gasification of solid fuel
EP0511479A1 (en) * 1991-04-27 1992-11-04 Krupp Koppers GmbH Process for the ignition of a gasification reactor
US5443937A (en) * 1990-07-30 1995-08-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aqueous developable precolored diazo imaging element
DE102014108673A1 (en) * 2014-06-20 2015-12-24 L’AIR LIQUIDE Société Anonyme pour l’Etude et l’Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method for heating and gasifying a carbonaceous fuel

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DE3727146C1 (en) 1988-09-22
CN1031249A (en) 1989-02-22
ES2022549B3 (en) 1991-12-01
GR3002165T3 (en) 1992-12-30
EP0303851A3 (en) 1989-10-18
DE3863326D1 (en) 1991-07-25
EP0303851B1 (en) 1991-06-19

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