EP0298310A1 - Matted photographic registration material - Google Patents
Matted photographic registration material Download PDFInfo
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- EP0298310A1 EP0298310A1 EP88110000A EP88110000A EP0298310A1 EP 0298310 A1 EP0298310 A1 EP 0298310A1 EP 88110000 A EP88110000 A EP 88110000A EP 88110000 A EP88110000 A EP 88110000A EP 0298310 A1 EP0298310 A1 EP 0298310A1
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- particles
- matting agent
- matted
- matting
- materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/95—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers rendered opaque or writable, e.g. with inert particulate additives
Definitions
- the invention relates to a photographic recording material which has at least one photosensitive layer on at least one side of the support and is matted on at least one photosensitive side.
- the most important matting measure in practice is the addition of finely divided solid substances to the coating solution for the outermost layer of the recording material.
- the matted in this way can Materials after exposure and development have a defect known as a "starry night” or "pinhole” effect and e.g. B. is described in more detail in US 4,172,731. This error can cause fine details of the recording, e.g. B. halftone dots or lines of a line mask, falsified or destroyed. Such a material is not suitable for use, for example, in reproduction technology.
- the cited US patent proposes to use polymer particles as matting agents which are matched in color and light absorption to the color of the image in the processed recording material by means of incorporated copolymers. This avoids the "starry night" effect.
- the particles of the matting agent still present on the clear areas of the processed recording material cause light absorption, which appears as a fog density. Therefore, the amount of the matting agent can not be determined according to the desired physical properties, but is limited by the intended use of the recording material.
- the object of the invention is to provide a matt photographic material which does not have a "starry night” effect and in which any desired degree of matting can be set without the photographic properties being adversely affected thereby.
- a matted photographic recording material consisting of at least one light-sensitive layer and optionally one or more auxiliary layers on at least one side of a support, contains in at least one of these layers a matting agent in the form of fine particles of a solid, the average diameter of which is between 1 and 30 ⁇ m is almost no "starry night" error without the photographic properties, especially the veil, deteriorate when the Particles of the matting agent have pores with an average diameter of at least 20 nm.
- the matted photographic recording material according to the invention usually contains the matting agents as a component of the outer coating or protective layer. At least one light-sensitive recording layer is located between this layer and the film support; however, several light-sensitive layers and auxiliary layers can also be arranged there. However, it is also possible to add the matting agent to the casting solutions for the light-sensitive layers.
- the average diameter of the particles of the matting agent is between 1 and 30 ⁇ m and is appropriately determined in individual cases, depending on the total thickness of the layers applied to the matted side and on the desired degree of matting.
- the range from 5 to 10 ⁇ m is preferred.
- a narrow particle size distribution of the matting agent particles is particularly advantageous.
- the average diameter of the pores in the particles of the matting agent according to the invention is at least 20 nm. Its upper limit is given by the matting middle particles lose stability if the pores are too large in relation to the particles. Therefore, the ratio of the average particle diameter to the average pore diameter should not be less than 10.
- a preferred range of the average pore diameter is between 100 and 400 nm.
- the matting agent particles of the matted recording materials according to the invention can consist of any solids which are insoluble in the solvent used in the preparation of the materials and have no undesirable effects on the photographic properties of the materials.
- These can be, for example, inorganic solids such as silicon dioxide, oxides of titanium and aluminum, carbonates of zinc and calcium, sulfates of barium and calcium, and silicates of calcium and aluminum.
- organic solids, especially natural and synthetic polymers, e.g. B. cellulose esters, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene or polydivinylbenzene and copolymers are suitable. Silicon dioxide and polydivinylbenzene are preferred.
- porous, finely divided solids contained in the photographic recording materials according to the invention as matting agents can be prepared by known processes.
- DE 26 41 548 is mentioned here only as an example.
- Such finely divided solids are commercially available, for example, for use as a stationary phase in chromatographic separations.
- the invention can be applied to all photographic recording materials in which photosensitive layers are applied to supports.
- These light-sensitive layers can contain, for example, silver halides as the light-sensitive substance.
- they can be produced by known processes, which are compiled by way of example in Research Disclosure 176043 (December 1978). These can be single or multilayer materials for black and white recordings as well as color image materials.
- the scope the invention is, however, not exhausted with the silver halide-containing recording materials, but extends e.g. B. also on matt diazo copying films and materials with photochromic substances.
- see-through materials these are preferably polyethylene terephthalate films, and see-through materials are preferably produced on polyethylene-coated papers.
- the process according to the invention is preferably used in the production of photographic recording materials, e.g. B. for reproduction technology, for medical diagnostics, for material testing with X-rays, for the registration of the output of data processing systems and for microfilm documentation.
- photographic recording materials e.g. B. for reproduction technology
- medical diagnostics for material testing with X-rays
- microfilm documentation for the registration of the output of data processing systems and for microfilm documentation.
- Table 1 sample Matting agent fabric Average diameter of the Content in the gelatin solution (weight percent) Particles ( ⁇ m) Pores (nm)
- the matting agent content of the coating solution was determined in such a way that the matting effect, judged by the suction time, was approximately the same for all pores.
- Porbe C Polygosil * 4000-10 from Macherey & Nagel, Düren
- Samples D and E Cromalin * toner ATM-EOP-K from Du Pont de Nemours (Deutschland) GmbH, Frankfurt
- the coating solutions contained conventional coating aids.
- the exposure required for the recording material to be tested is determined by copying an original, which contains different tonal value levels of a grid with 60 L / cm, with different exposure times onto the emulsion side of the recording material.
- the required exposure time is the one at which the tonal values 80%, 39% and 7% are reproduced with 20 ⁇ 1%, 61 ⁇ 2% and 93 ⁇ 1%.
- a necessary exposure for the copying through the antihalation layer on the back of the recording material is determined accordingly.
- the density is measured at five points in the middle of the film sheet exposed and developed in this way using a transmission densitometer with a measuring aperture of 3 mm in diameter.
- the mean value of the measurement results is given as Dmax. The lower the "starry night effect", the higher it is.
- test specimens to be compared are processed under the same conditions appropriate for the emulsion type.
- the copy film is always developed mechanically in a lith developer.
- sample C according to the invention has both a low fog (Dmin) and a low "starry night” effect (high Dmax).
- comparative samples A and B show too high a "starry night” error (low Dmax) and comparative samples D and E show an inadmissibly high fog (Dmin) if the Dmax is good.
- Matted recording materials were produced and tested in the same way as described in Example 1. The following were used as matting agents: Sample A: Polystyrene with a mean particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m, non-porous (DYNOSPHERES * SS-102-R from Dyno Industrier A / S, Lilleström, Norway) Sample B: Polydivinylbenzene with an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m and with an average diameter of 300 nm (DYNOSPHERES * PD-101-R from the same company)
- the content of both matting agents in the coating solution for the protective layer was 0.0063% by weight.
- Table 3 sample Dmin Dk Dmax Suction time A 0.030 0.10 4.3 19 s B 0.030 0.06 5.0 19 s
- sample B shows a significantly lower "starry night” effect than the comparison sample A.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein photographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial, das auf mindestens einer Seite des Schichtträgers mindestens eine lichtempfindliche Schicht aufweist und auf mindestens einer lichtempfindlichen Seite mattiert ist.The invention relates to a photographic recording material which has at least one photosensitive layer on at least one side of the support and is matted on at least one photosensitive side.
Es ist üblich, den Oberflächen photographischer Aufzeichnungsmaterialien durch besondere Maßnahmen bei der Herstellung eine gewisse Rauhigkeit zu verleihen, um die bei der Anwendung der Materialien wichtigen physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie z. B. die Neigung zu elektrostatischer Aufladung, die Empfindlichkeit gegen Verkratzen durch Staubpartikel und die Fähigkeit, sich beim Kopieren im Vakuumrahmen rasch ausreichend und ohne Bildung von Newton-Ringen an das Kopiermaterial anzulegen, zu verbessern. Obwohl diese Maßnahmen nicht in jedem Fall zu einer auffälligen Verminderung des Oberflächenglanzes führen, werden sie allgemein unter dem Begriff "Mattierung" zusammengefaßt.It is customary to give the surfaces of photographic recording materials a certain roughness by means of special measures during production in order to ensure that the physical properties important in the use of the materials, such as e.g. B. the tendency to electrostatic charge, the sensitivity to scratching by dust particles and the ability to quickly enough when copying in the vacuum frame without applying Newton rings to the copy material to improve. Although these measures do not always lead to a noticeable reduction in the surface gloss, they are generally summarized under the term "matting".
Die praktisch bedeutendste Mattierungsmaßnahme ist der Zusatz von feinteiligen festen Stoffen zu der Begießlösung für die äußerste Schicht des Aufzeichnungsmaterials.The most important matting measure in practice is the addition of finely divided solid substances to the coating solution for the outermost layer of the recording material.
Wenn alle einer Seite des Schichtträgers zugeordneten Schichten mittels einer Mehrfachbeschichtungseinrichtung gleichzeitig aufgetragen werden, dann können die auf diese Weise mattierten Materialien nach der Belichtung und Entwicklung einen Fehler aufweisen, der als "starry night"- oder "pinhole"-Effekt bezeichnet wird und z. B. in der US 4,172,731 näher beschrieben ist. Durch diesen Fehler können feine Details der Aufzeichnung, z. B. Rasterpunkte oder Linien einer Strichmaske, verfälscht oder zerstört werden. Ein solches Material ist für die Verwendung z.B. in der Reproduktionstechnik nicht brauchbar.If all the layers assigned to one side of the support are applied simultaneously by means of a multiple coating device, then the matted in this way can Materials after exposure and development have a defect known as a "starry night" or "pinhole" effect and e.g. B. is described in more detail in US 4,172,731. This error can cause fine details of the recording, e.g. B. halftone dots or lines of a line mask, falsified or destroyed. Such a material is not suitable for use, for example, in reproduction technology.
Die zitierte US-Patentschrift schlägt, um diesem Mangel abzuhelfen, vor, als Mattierungsmittel Polymerteilchen zu verwenden, welche durch inkoporierte Pigmente in ihrer Farbe und Lichtabsorption an die Farbe des Bildes im verarbeiteten Aufzeichnungsmaterial angeglichen sind. Hierdurch wird zwar der "starry night"-Effekt vermieden. Durch die auch auf den klaren Stellen des verarbeiteten Aufzeichnungsmaterials noch vorhandenen Teilchen des Mattierungsmittels wird jedoch eine Lichtabsorption verursacht, die als Schleierdichte erscheint. Daher kann die Menge des Mattierungsmittels nicht nach den gewünschten physikalischen Eigenschaften festgesetzt werden, sondern sie ist durch den Verwendungszweck des Aufnahmematerials begrenzt.In order to remedy this deficiency, the cited US patent proposes to use polymer particles as matting agents which are matched in color and light absorption to the color of the image in the processed recording material by means of incorporated copolymers. This avoids the "starry night" effect. However, the particles of the matting agent still present on the clear areas of the processed recording material cause light absorption, which appears as a fog density. Therefore, the amount of the matting agent can not be determined according to the desired physical properties, but is limited by the intended use of the recording material.
Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein mattiertes photographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial anzugeben, das keinen "starry night"-Effekt aufweist und bei dem jeder gewünschte Mattierungsgrad eingestellt werden kann, ohne daß die photographischen Eigenschaften dadurch beeinträchtigt werden.The object of the invention is to provide a matt photographic material which does not have a "starry night" effect and in which any desired degree of matting can be set without the photographic properties being adversely affected thereby.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Aufzeichnungsmaterial nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a recording material according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
Es wurde nämlich gefunden, daß ein mattiertes photographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial, bestehend aus mindestens einer lichtempfindlichen Schicht und gegebenenfalls einer oder mehreren Hilfsschichten auf mindestens einer Seite eines Schichtträgers, welches in mindestens einer dieser Schichten ein Mattierungsmittel in Form feiner Teilchen eines Feststoffes, deren mittlerer Durchmesser zwischen 1 und 30 µm liegt, so gut wie keinen "starry night"-Fehler aufweist, ohne daß die photographischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere der Schleier, verschlechtert werden, wenn die Teilchen des Mattierungsmittels Poren mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von mindestens 20 nm aufweisen.It has been found that a matted photographic recording material, consisting of at least one light-sensitive layer and optionally one or more auxiliary layers on at least one side of a support, contains in at least one of these layers a matting agent in the form of fine particles of a solid, the average diameter of which is between 1 and 30 µm is almost no "starry night" error without the photographic properties, especially the veil, deteriorate when the Particles of the matting agent have pores with an average diameter of at least 20 nm.
Dieses Ergebnis ist nach dem Stand der Technik nicht zu erwarten. Es ist zwar bekannt, als Mattierungsmittel für photographische Aufzeichnungsmaterialien Kieselgelteilchen zu verwenden, die Poren mit einem Durchmesser von bis zu 10 nm aufweisen (s. Ullmann, Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Band 21, S. 459). Solche Aufzeichnungsmaterialien zeigen aber, ebenso wie andere, die mit porenfreien Feststoffteilchen mattiert sind, einen ausgeprägten "starry night"-Effekt. Obgleich nicht schlüssig erklärt werden kann, warum die erfindungsgemäßen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien die gestellte Aufgabe lösen, erscheint es denkbar, daß die mit der Annäherung des Porendurchmessers an die Wellenlänge des sichtbaren Lichts zu erwartende stärkere Lichtstreuung an den Poren der Mattierungsmittelteilchen hierbei eine Rolle spielt.This result is not to be expected from the prior art. It is known to use silica gel particles which have pores with a diameter of up to 10 nm as matting agents for photographic recording materials (see Ullmann, Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition, volume 21, p. 459). However, such recording materials, like others which are matted with non-porous solid particles, show a pronounced "starry night" effect. Although it cannot be conclusively explained why the recording materials according to the invention achieve the object, it seems conceivable that the stronger light scattering to be expected from the pores of the matting agent particles as the pore diameter approaches the wavelength of visible light plays a role here.
Das erfindungsgemäße mattierte photographische Aufzeichnungsmaterial enthält die Mattierungsmittel üblicherweise als Bestandteil der äußeren Überguß- oder Schutzschicht. Zwischen dieser Schicht und dem Filmträger befindet sich mindestens eine lichtempfindliche Aufzeichnungsschicht; jedoch können dort auch mehrere lichtempfindliche Schichten und Hilfsschichten angeordnet sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Mattierungsmittel den Gießlösungen für die lichtempfindlichen Schichten zuzusetzen.The matted photographic recording material according to the invention usually contains the matting agents as a component of the outer coating or protective layer. At least one light-sensitive recording layer is located between this layer and the film support; however, several light-sensitive layers and auxiliary layers can also be arranged there. However, it is also possible to add the matting agent to the casting solutions for the light-sensitive layers.
Der mittlere Durchmesser der Teilchen des Mattierungsmittels liegt zwischen 1 und 30 µm und wird im Einzelfall, je nach der Gesamtdicke der auf der mattierten Seite aufgetragenen Schichten und nach dem gewünschten Mattierungsgrad zweckmäßig festgelegt. Für die Anwendung der Erfindung bei silberhalogenidhaltigen reprographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien wird der Bereich von 5 - 10 µm bevorzugt. Eine enge Korngrößenverteilung der Mattierungsmittelteilchen ist besonders vorteilhaft.The average diameter of the particles of the matting agent is between 1 and 30 μm and is appropriately determined in individual cases, depending on the total thickness of the layers applied to the matted side and on the desired degree of matting. For the application of the invention in silver halide-containing reprographic recording materials, the range from 5 to 10 μm is preferred. A narrow particle size distribution of the matting agent particles is particularly advantageous.
Der mittlere Durchmesser der Poren in den Teilchen des Mattierungsmittels beträgt nach der Erfindung mindestens 20 nm. Seine obere Grenze ist dadurch gegeben, daß die Mattierungs mittelteilchen an Stabilität verlieren, wenn die Poren im Verhältnis zu den Teilchen zu groß sind. Daher soll das Verhältnis des mittleren Teilchendurchmessers zum mittleren Porendurchmesser nicht kleiner als 10 sein. Ein bevorzugter Bereich des mittleren Porendurchmessers liegt zwischen 100 und 400 nm.The average diameter of the pores in the particles of the matting agent according to the invention is at least 20 nm. Its upper limit is given by the matting middle particles lose stability if the pores are too large in relation to the particles. Therefore, the ratio of the average particle diameter to the average pore diameter should not be less than 10. A preferred range of the average pore diameter is between 100 and 400 nm.
Die Teilchen der Mattierungsmittel der erfindungsgemäßen mattierten Aufzeichnungsmaterialien können aus beliebigen Feststoffen bestehen, die in dem bei der Herstellung der Materialien angewandten Lösungsmittel nicht löslich sind und keine unerwünschten Wirkungen auf die photographischen Eigenschaften der Materialien ausüben. Dies können beispielsweise anorganische Feststoffe wie Siliziumdioxid, Oxide des Titans und Aluminiums, Karbonate des Zinks und Calciums, Sulfate des Bariums und Calciums, sowie Silikate des Calciums und Aluminiums sein. Auch organische Feststoffe, insbesondere natürliche und synthetische Polymere, z. B. Celluloseester, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polystyrol oder Polydivinylbenzol und Copolymere sind geeignet. Bevorzugt werden Siliziumdioxid und Polydivinylbenzol.The matting agent particles of the matted recording materials according to the invention can consist of any solids which are insoluble in the solvent used in the preparation of the materials and have no undesirable effects on the photographic properties of the materials. These can be, for example, inorganic solids such as silicon dioxide, oxides of titanium and aluminum, carbonates of zinc and calcium, sulfates of barium and calcium, and silicates of calcium and aluminum. Also organic solids, especially natural and synthetic polymers, e.g. B. cellulose esters, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene or polydivinylbenzene and copolymers are suitable. Silicon dioxide and polydivinylbenzene are preferred.
Die in den erfindungsgemäßen photographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien als Mattierungsmittel enthaltenen porösen feinteiligen Feststoffe können nach bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden. Lediglich als Beispiel sei hier die DE 26 41 548 genannt. Solche feinteiligen Feststoffe werden beispielsweise zur Verwendung als stationäre Phase bei chromatographischen Stofftrennungen im Handel angeboten.The porous, finely divided solids contained in the photographic recording materials according to the invention as matting agents can be prepared by known processes. DE 26 41 548 is mentioned here only as an example. Such finely divided solids are commercially available, for example, for use as a stationary phase in chromatographic separations.
Die Erfindung läßt sich auf alle photographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien anwenden, bei denen lichtempfindliche Schichten auf Schichtträger aufgebracht werden. Diese lichtempfindlichen Schichten können beispielsweise Silberhalogenide als lichtempfindliche Substanz enthalten. In diesem Falle können sie nach bekannten Verfahren, die beispielhaft in der Research Disclosure 176043 (Dezember 1978) zusammengestellt sind, hergestellt werden. Dabei kann es sich sowohl um Ein- oder Mehrschichtmaterialien für Schwarz-Weiß-Aufzeichnungen als auch um Farbbildmaterialien handeln. Der Anwendungsbereich der Erfindung ist jedoch mit den silberhalogenidhaltigen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien nicht erschöpft sondern erstreckt sich z. B. auch auf mattierte Diazo-Kopierfilme und Materialien mit photochromen Substanzen.The invention can be applied to all photographic recording materials in which photosensitive layers are applied to supports. These light-sensitive layers can contain, for example, silver halides as the light-sensitive substance. In this case, they can be produced by known processes, which are compiled by way of example in Research Disclosure 176043 (December 1978). These can be single or multilayer materials for black and white recordings as well as color image materials. The scope the invention is, however, not exhausted with the silver halide-containing recording materials, but extends e.g. B. also on matt diazo copying films and materials with photochromic substances.
Zur Herstellung der Aufzeichnungsmaterialien können Schichtträger verschiedener Art verwendet werden. Für Durchsichtsmaterialien sind dies vorzugsweise Polyethylenterephthalatfolien, Aufsichtsmaterialien werden bevorzugt auf polyethylenbeschichteten Papieren hergestellt.Various types of supports can be used to produce the recording materials. For see-through materials, these are preferably polyethylene terephthalate films, and see-through materials are preferably produced on polyethylene-coated papers.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird vorzugsweise bei der Herstellung von photographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterialien, z. B. für die Reproduktionstechnik, für die medizinische Diagnostik, für die Materialprüfung mit Röntgenstrahlen, für die Registrierung der Ausgabe von Datenverarbeitungsanlagen und für die Mikrofilmdokumentation angewendet.The process according to the invention is preferably used in the production of photographic recording materials, e.g. B. for reproduction technology, for medical diagnostics, for material testing with X-rays, for the registration of the output of data processing systems and for microfilm documentation.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern Herstellung und Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Materialien.The following examples explain the production and properties of the materials according to the invention.
In einer Wulstbeschichtungsanlage zur Herstellung photographischer Aufzeichnungsmaterialien wurden auf einen 100 µm starken, mit einer Antihalorückschicht und einer Haftschicht versehenen Polyethylenterephthalat-Schichtträger bei einer Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit von 30 m/min folgende zwei Schichten simultan aufgetragen:In a bead coating system for the production of photographic recording materials, the following two layers were applied simultaneously to a 100 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate support provided with an antihalation backing and an adhesive layer at a throughput speed of 30 m / min:
Silberchlorobromidemulsion mit einem Silbergehalt von 5,5 Gewichtsprozent und einem Gelatinegehalt von 5,0 Gewichtsprozent; Naßauftrag 61,9 g/m².Silver chlorobromide emulsion with a silver content of 5.5 percent by weight and a gelatin content of 5.0 percent by weight; Wet application 61.9 g / m².
Gelatinelösung mit 2,5 Gewichtsprozent Gelatine und einem Mattierungsmittel wie in Tabelle 1 beschrieben.
Der Gehalt der Beschichtungslösung an Mattierungsmittel wurde so festgelegt, daß die Mattierungswirkung, beurteilt nach der Ansaugzeit, für alle Poren etwa gleich war.The matting agent content of the coating solution was determined in such a way that the matting effect, judged by the suction time, was approximately the same for all pores.
Als Mattierungsmittel wurden die folgenden im Handel erhältichen Produkte verwendet:The following commercially available products were used as matting agents:
Probe A: TS-100 der Fa. Degussa, FrankfurtSample A: TS-100 from Degussa, Frankfurt
Probe B: Polygosil* 100-10 Fa. Macherey & Nagel, DürenSample B: Polygosil * 100-10 from Macherey & Nagel, Düren
Porbe C: Polygosil* 4000-10 der Fa. Macherey & Nagel, DürenPorbe C: Polygosil * 4000-10 from Macherey & Nagel, Düren
Proben D und E: Cromalin*-Toner ATM-EOP-K der Fa. Du Pont de Nemours (Deutschland) GmbH, FrankfurtSamples D and E: Cromalin * toner ATM-EOP-K from Du Pont de Nemours (Deutschland) GmbH, Frankfurt
Die Beschichtungslösungen enthielten übliche Beschichtungshilfsmittel.The coating solutions contained conventional coating aids.
Nach dem Trocknen erhielt man ein Aufzeichnungsmaterial hoher Gradation, welches wie im Folgenden beschrieben auf das Vorhandensein des "starry night"-Effektes sowie auf die Wirksamkeit der Mattierung geprüft wurde:After drying, a recording material of high gradation was obtained, which was tested for the presence of the "starry night" effect and for the effectiveness of the matting as described below:
Prüfung auf "starry night": Zunächst wird die für das zu prüfende Aufzeichnungsmaterial erforderliche Belichtung festgelegt, indem man eine Vorlage, die verschiedene Tonwertstufen eines Rasters mit 60 L/cm enthält, mit verschiedenen Belichtungszeiten auf die Emulsionsseite des Aufzeichnungsmaterials kopiert. Als erforderliche Belichtungszeit gilt diejenige, bei der die Tonwerte 80%, 39% und 7% mit 20 ± 1%, 61 ± 2% bzw. 93 ± 1% wiedergegeben werden. In entsprechender Weise wird eine erforderliche Belichtung für das Kopieren durch die Lichthofschutzschicht auf der Rückseite des Aufzeichnungsmaterials bestimmt.Testing for "starry night": First, the exposure required for the recording material to be tested is determined by copying an original, which contains different tonal value levels of a grid with 60 L / cm, with different exposure times onto the emulsion side of the recording material. The required exposure time is the one at which the tonal values 80%, 39% and 7% are reproduced with 20 ± 1%, 61 ± 2% and 93 ± 1%. A necessary exposure for the copying through the antihalation layer on the back of the recording material is determined accordingly.
Nun wird ein mindestens 24 x 30 cm großes Blatt des Prüflings ohne Kopiervorlage sowohl von der Emulsions- als auch von der Rückseite mit jeweils der Hälfte der erforderlichen Belichtung belichtet. (Hierdurch werden Störungen durch Staubpartikel vermieden.)Now a sheet of the specimen at least 24 x 30 cm in size without a copy is exposed from both the emulsion and the back with half of the required exposure. (This prevents disturbances caused by dust particles.)
An fünf Stellen in der Mitte des so belichteten und entwickelten Filmblatts wird mit einem Transmissionsdensitometer mit einer Meßblende von 3 mm Durchmesser die Dichte gemessen. Der Mittelwert der Meßergebnisse wird als Dmax angegeben. Er ist umso höher, je geringer der "starry night-Effekt" ist.The density is measured at five points in the middle of the film sheet exposed and developed in this way using a transmission densitometer with a measuring aperture of 3 mm in diameter. The mean value of the measurement results is given as Dmax. The lower the "starry night effect", the higher it is.
Von allen Prüflingen werden 5 x 10 cm große Teile aus der Blattmitte herausgeschnitten. Bis zu 6 solcher Filmproben werden zu einer Kopiervorlage montiert. Diese Vorlage wird mit einer Metall-Halogen-Lampe bei einer Belichtungsstärke von 15 000 lx und 5 s Belichtungszeit auf einen kameraempfindlichen orthochromatischen Lithfilm kopiert. Die mittlere Dichte der Kopie, vermindert um die Schleierdichte, wird mit Dk bezeichnet und ist ein Maß für den "starry night"-Effekt.5 x 10 cm parts of all specimens are cut out of the center of the sheet. Up to 6 such film samples are mounted to a copy template. This template is placed on a camera-sensitive orthochromatic with a metal-halogen lamp at an exposure of 15,000 lx and 5 s exposure time Copied lith film. The mean density of the copy, reduced by the fog density, is designated Dk and is a measure of the "starry night" effect.
Bei diesem Prüfverfahren werden alle zu vergleichenden Prüflinge unter den gleichen, dem Emulsionstyp angemessenen Bedingungen, verarbeitet. Der Kopierfilm wird stets in einem Lithentwickler maschinell entwickelt.In this test method, all test specimens to be compared are processed under the same conditions appropriate for the emulsion type. The copy film is always developed mechanically in a lith developer.
Prüfung auf Wirksamkeit der Mattierung: In einem Vakuumkopierrahmen wird ein 18 x 24 cm messendes Blatt des Prüflings mit einer 50 x 60 cm großen Kopiervorlage bedeckt, die einen gleichmäßigen Rasterton von 40% bei 60 L/cm darstellt. Nach dem Anlegen des Vakuums ist der Luftspalt zwischen Vorlage und Prüfling an verschiedenen Stellen zunächst verschieden dick; solche Stellen erscheinen dem Auge verschieden hell. Man beobachtet visuell und mißt die Zeit von Einschalten des Vakuums bis zum Verschwinden der Helligkeitsunterschiede. Diese Zeit wird als Ansaugzeit bezeichnet. Sie nimmt mit steigender Wirksamkeit der Mattierung ab.Testing the effectiveness of matting: In a vacuum copying frame, an 18 x 24 cm sheet of the test specimen is covered with a 50 x 60 cm template that represents a uniform screen tone of 40% at 60 L / cm. After the vacuum is applied, the air gap between the sample and the test object is initially of different thickness at different points; such areas appear differently bright to the eye. One observes visually and measures the time from switching on the vacuum until the difference in brightness disappears. This time is called the suction time. It decreases with increasing matting effectiveness.
Prüfung auf Schleier (Dmin): Fünf unbelichtete Blätter des Prüflings werden in gleicher Weise wie bei der Prüfung auf "starry night" verarbeitet, übereinandergelegt und die Dichte mit einem Transmissionsdensitometer gemessen. Das Meßergebnis wird durch 5 dividiert.Testing for veil (Dmin): Five unexposed sheets of the test specimen are processed in the same way as for the "starry night" test, placed on top of each other and the density measured with a transmission densitometer. The measurement result is divided by 5.
Die Ergebnisse der Prüfungen sind in Tabelle 2 eingetragen.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die erfindungsgemäße Probe C sowohl einen geringen Schleier (Dmin) als auch einen niedrigen "starry night"-Effekt (hohes Dmax) aufweist. Demgegenüber zeigen die Vergleichsproben A und B einen zu hohen "starry night"-Fehler (geringes Dmax) und die Vergleichsproben D und E bei gutem Dmax einen unzulässig hohen Schleier (Dmin).The results show that sample C according to the invention has both a low fog (Dmin) and a low "starry night" effect (high Dmax). In contrast, comparative samples A and B show too high a "starry night" error (low Dmax) and comparative samples D and E show an inadmissibly high fog (Dmin) if the Dmax is good.
In gleicher Weise wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben wurden mattierte Aufzeichnungsmaterialien hergestellt und geprüft. Als Mattierungsmittel wurden verwendet:
Probe A:
Polystyrol mit 10 µm mittlerem Teilchendurchmesser, porenfrei (DYNOSPHERES* SS-102-R der Fa. Dyno Industrier A/S, Lilleström, Norwegen)
Probe B:
Polydivinylbenzol mit 10 µm mittlerem Teilchendurchmesser und mit Poren von 300 nm mittlerem Durchmesser (DYNOSPHERES* PD-101-R der gleichen Firma)
Matted recording materials were produced and tested in the same way as described in Example 1. The following were used as matting agents:
Sample A:
Polystyrene with a mean particle diameter of 10 µm, non-porous (DYNOSPHERES * SS-102-R from Dyno Industrier A / S, Lilleström, Norway)
Sample B:
Polydivinylbenzene with an average particle diameter of 10 µm and with an average diameter of 300 nm (DYNOSPHERES * PD-101-R from the same company)
Der Gehalt beider Mattierungsmittel in der Beschichtungslösung für die Schutzschicht war 0,0063 Gewichtsprozent.The content of both matting agents in the coating solution for the protective layer was 0.0063% by weight.
Die Ergebnisse der Prüfung sind in Tabelle 3 zusammengestellt.
Wie ersichtlich, zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Material (Probe B) einen wesentlich geringeren "starry night"-Effekt als die Vergleichsprobe A.As can be seen, the material according to the invention (sample B) shows a significantly lower "starry night" effect than the comparison sample A.
Claims (6)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Teilchen des Mattierungsmittels Poren aufweisen, deren mittlerer Durchmesser mindestens 20 nm beträgt.1. Matted photographic recording material, consisting of at least one light-sensitive layer and optionally one or more auxiliary layers on at least one side of a support, at least one of these layers containing a matting agent in the form of fine particles of a solid, the average diameter of which is between 1 and 30 μm,
characterized in that
the particles of the matting agent have pores whose average diameter is at least 20 nm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3721481 | 1987-06-30 | ||
| DE19873721481 DE3721481A1 (en) | 1987-06-30 | 1987-06-30 | MATTED PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0298310A1 true EP0298310A1 (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| EP0298310B1 EP0298310B1 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
Family
ID=6330544
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19880110000 Expired - Lifetime EP0298310B1 (en) | 1987-06-30 | 1988-06-23 | Matted photographic registration material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0298310B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6431149A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3721481A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2035167T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0404091A2 (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1990-12-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic materials |
| EP0603686A1 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-29 | Du Pont De Nemours (Deutschland) Gmbh | Method for preparation of a matte light sensitive silver halide recording material |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE528389C2 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-10-31 | Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab | Rotary device for a boom for a mining or construction rig and rig |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB870330A (en) * | 1959-03-03 | 1961-06-14 | Kalle Ag | Linear polyester films having surfaces suitable for writing thereon |
| US4094848A (en) * | 1975-05-20 | 1978-06-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Process for producing finely divided porous polymer particles |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4070286A (en) * | 1976-06-15 | 1978-01-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Macroporous microspheroids and a process for their manufacture |
| US4172731A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-10-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element containing a light absorbing matting agent |
| JPS62163047A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-18 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Silver halide photographic sensitive material |
-
1987
- 1987-06-30 DE DE19873721481 patent/DE3721481A1/en active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-06-23 ES ES88110000T patent/ES2035167T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-23 EP EP19880110000 patent/EP0298310B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-29 JP JP15954488A patent/JPS6431149A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB870330A (en) * | 1959-03-03 | 1961-06-14 | Kalle Ag | Linear polyester films having surfaces suitable for writing thereon |
| US4094848A (en) * | 1975-05-20 | 1978-06-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Process for producing finely divided porous polymer particles |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0404091A2 (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1990-12-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic materials |
| EP0404091A3 (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-04-03 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic materials |
| US5122445A (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1992-06-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic materials |
| EP0603686A1 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-29 | Du Pont De Nemours (Deutschland) Gmbh | Method for preparation of a matte light sensitive silver halide recording material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0298310B1 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
| ES2035167T3 (en) | 1993-04-16 |
| DE3721481C2 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
| DE3721481A1 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| JPS6431149A (en) | 1989-02-01 |
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