EP0294596B1

EP0294596B1 - Mold for slip casting

Info

Publication number: EP0294596B1
Application number: EP88107320A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hiroaki Patent & License And Quality Nishio; Takeshi Patent & License And Quality Kawashima
Original assignee: Nippon Kokan Ltd
Current assignee: JFE Engineering Corp
Priority date: 1987-06-12
Filing date: 1988-05-06
Publication date: 1991-10-16
Anticipated expiration: 2008-05-06
Also published as: JPH0420764B2; EP0294596A3; US5035847A; JPS63309403A; DE3865533D1; EP0294596A2

Description

The present invention relates to a mold for slip casting to obtain a compact by means of casting slip.
The method for slip casting is roughly classified into two, depending on the way of solidifying slip. One method uses a mold having a feature of absorbing liquid and comprising gypsum or porous resin, wherein a part of liquid content in slip cast into this mold is absorbed in the mold to give a feature of maintaining a shape to the slip and then to form a compact by demolding. Another one uses a mold having a feature of not absorbing liquid and comprising metal, rubber or the like. In this method, the mold is cooled down to the melting point temperature of the liquid contained in the slip or less in advance to cast the slip into the mold, or the slip is firstly cast into the mold at room temperature and thereafter the mold is cooled down to the melting point temperature of the liquid or less, and then, the liquid is solidified to give the feature of maintaing a shape to the slip. The compact is thus prepared by demolding the mold.
According to those methods mentioned above, when a hollow compact having a complicated inside shape, i.e. one requiring a core being too complicated and hard in shape to be drawn out of the mold because the slope is open toward the inside, the core has to be given a drawing slope so as to make it easy to draw out the core. For this reason, contrivance such as making a core composed of divisible parts is adopted. But, some drawbacks take place, for example, a hollow shape of the core has to be limited, or assembling of the divisible parts becomes difficult. Another method is considered, wherein a core is made of gypsum, and the core is broken after the completion of a compact, but the compact is easy to crack or chip during the work of breaking the core.
Furthermore, in a Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No. 190811/84 a method of using a gypsum mold containing an organic matter insoluble in water by making use of water as a dispersion medium, is disclosed. This mold features lowering its own strength by absorption of moisture to break down of itself, and resultantly this method facilitates the work of demolding the mold. In this point, this method has an effect, in particular, on application to a mold having a complicated shape. The biggest disadvantage of this method is that this mold cannot be applied to metal powders and non-oxide ceramic powders having no affinity to water, and the coverage of the usage is so limited.
The object of the present invention is to provide a mold for slip casting applicable to whatever shape the mold has and still applicable not only to oxide ceramic powders but also to non-oxide powders.
To attain the object, in accordance with the present invention, a mold for slip casting is provided, comprising a compact which is formed out of a mixture of an organic matter and powders, the organic matter being capable of being extracted by supercritical fluid and having a melting point of 0 to 150°C and the powders being incapable of being extracted by the supercritical fluid.
Furthermore, a mold for slip casting which is formed out of an organic matter capable of being extracted by means of supercritical fluid and having a melting point of 0 to 150°C.

Fig. 1 is an elevational view in section showing a mold for slip casting of Example-1 according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an elevational view in section showing a molded body with a core attached thereto of Example-1; and
Fig. 3 is an elevational view in section showing a molded body finally produced of Example-1.

A supercritical fluid in this specification means a fluid of a critical pressure and more, and still a critical temperature and more. Because the supercritical fluid has density nearly equal to that of liquid, viscosity nearly to that of gas and diffusing power almost 100 times as large as that of liquid, the supercritical fluid can be made use of as an efficient solvent in comparison with liquid solvent. As the supercritical fluid used in the present invention, a matter having a comparatively low supercritical temperature of 0 to 150°C is preferable. The supercritical fluid can be any one selected from the group consisting of ethane, ethylene, carbon dioxide, monochlorotrifluoromethane, trichloromonofluoromethane and ammonia.
As an organic matter capable of being extracted by means of the supercritical fluid, one having a meltig point of 0 to 150°C is preferable. An organic matter with a melting point of less than 0°C is hard to treat, because the organic matter is easy to melt at room temperature after a mold thereof is formed. On the other hand, an organic matter having a melting point of more than 150°C is easy to give wrinkles to the surface of a compact at the forming process, because the organic matter is required to be heated for raising the temperatue of more than 150°C in advance of slip casting. As an organic matter preferable to be used in the present invention is anyone selected from the group consisting of methyl carbonate, t-butyl alcohol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol and paraffin.
A mixture having the above-mentioned organic matter and powders incapable of being extracted by supercritical fluid is formed into a compact, and the compact is used as a mold for slip casting. For the powders, metal powders and ceramic powders are preferable.
As the metal powders, powders of 1 to 1,000 µm in particle size having good flowability is preferable. For example, iron powders and iron alloy powders which are manufactured by means of gas atomizing method are preferable. As ceramic powders, powders of 0.2 to 10 µm in particle size having good flowability are preferable. For example, silica and alumina can be mentioned.
Futhermore, it is preferable that a mixture of an organic matter and powders consists of vol. 45% or less of the powders and the rest of the organic matter. The organic matter alone can be used in stead of the mixture. If the ratio of the powders is of 45wt.% or less, the mold breaks down of itself by means of extracting the organic matter supercritically. If the ratio is over 45wt.%, the mold gets hard to break down of itself. If the mixture is used, the amount of the organic matter can be decreased, compared with the case of the organic matter alone being used. So, time for extraction can be shortened. It is recommendable that the formation of the mixture or of the organic matter alone is performed by means of press forming or cast forming.
The mold of a compact having the organic matter and the powders incapable of being extracted by means of the supercritical fluid or the mold having exclusively the organic matter capable of being extracted by means of the supercritical fluid can be prepared by the following methods:

(1) The whole mold is composed of a formed compact of the present invention; or
(2) a part of the mold is composed of a formed compact of the present invention, and the rest of a formed compact having a feature of absorbing liquid or of not absorbing liquid, thereby those compacts being assembled into the mold. For the compact with the feature of absorbing liquid, gypsum or porous resin, and for the compact with the feature of not absorbing liquid, metal or rubber is used.

Metal powder or ceramic powder is dispersed into the liquid dispersion medium to prepare slurry, the liquid dispersion medium being water, organic solvent and paraffin. As the organic solvent, methyl carbonate, t-butyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexane and benzene are preferable. Paraffin of 40 to 80°C can be preferably used. When water is used as the dispersion medium, ceramic oxide such as alumina and zirconium is dispersed. When the organic solvent is used, in addition to the ceramic oxide, non-oxide ceramics such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide and aluminium nitride are dispersed. When the paraffin is used, ceramic oxide and non-oxide ceramics are dispersed.
The slurry thus prepared is cast into the mold formed in the manner as mentioned in the above. After a part of the dispersion medium is absorbed in the mold, or the dispersion medium is solidified, separable parts constituting the mold are taken away. Parts hard to be separated constituting the mold i.e. a core of a complicated shape is formed by letting an organic matter capable of being extracted by supercritical fluid contained in the core. A compact is formed by means of slip casting, and then the compact is processed by a device for supercritical extraction, thereby the organic matter in the mold being removed and the mold being melted away or breaking down of itself.
If a dispersion medium contained in the compact is formed out of an organic matter capable of being extracted, it is advantageous that in the process of the supercritical extraction, the removal of the dispersion medium in the compact is simultaneously performed. For the organic matter, methyl carbonate, t-butyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexane and benzene can be preferably used. When a dispersion medium is not formed out of an organic matter capable of being extracted supercritically, the removal of the dispersion medium is continuted by the supercritical extraction together in combination with operation of heating and decomposition.
When the mold of the present invention is used, the mold melts away or breaks down of itself. Consequently, a hollow compact requiring such a complicatedly shaped core as to fail to be drawn out of the mold can be easily used. Moreover, when a main mold is prepared in accordance with the present invention, the main mold is not required to have a divisible consitution, and resultantly, a compact with precision in demension can be obtained. Besides, a dispersion medium constituting slip is not necessarily limited to water, and therefore, non-aqueous dispersion medium can be applied to molding not only ceramic powders but also metal powders and non-oxide ceramic powers. Furthermore, if a dispersion medium in the compact is formed out of an organic matter capable of being extracted supercritically, the dispersion in the compact can be simultaneously removed.

Example-1

With specific reference to Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings, an example of the present invention will now be described.
Granular paraffin having a melting point of 42 to 44°C was formed by hydraulic press into core 1 of a shape of a disc with a cylinder put thereon, the size of the disc being 30mm in diameter and 10mm in thickness and the size of the cylinder being 10mm in diameter and 10mm in height. Fig. 1 shows an elevatioanl view of a mold for slip casting. Core 1 was assembled together with upper metallic mold 2 having a cooling jacket divisible into two portions and lower disc-shaped metallic mold 3 having gate 4 in its center axis to form a metal mold for slip casting. It should be noted that the metal mold thus formed had an inside diameter of 60mm and an inside height of 20mm.
Secondly, slip of cilicon nitride, using, as a dispersion medium, paraffin with a melting point of 42 to 44°C contained in a composition shown in Table 1, was heated and fluidized. The fluidized slip was cast into the metal mold for slip casting, which had been water-cooled, and was kept at a pressure of 3kg/cm² for 2 minutes and a half. And then, the metal mold was demolded, and molded body 5 with core 1 attached thereto as shown in Fig. 2, was obtained. After cutting of the portion of gate 4 attached to molded body 5, the molded body was put into a device for supercritical extraction. In the device, using carbon dioxide as extraction solvent, the molded body was kept at 40°C and at 300kg/cm² for 2 hours, while carbon dioxide was passed therethrough to remove paraffin and oleic acid. Subsequently, the carbon dioxide was exhausted by two hour pressure reduction, and then, resultantly, as shown in Fig. 3, the core having disappeared and the dispersion medium having been extracted, finally molded body 6 was obtained.

Example-2

71wt.% alumina was added to 29wt.% granular paraffin having a melting point of 42 to 44°C to prepare a mixture. The mixture was heated to 60°C to be in the state of melting and then it was stirred and mixed. Thereafter, the mixture was cast into the same metal mold as used in Example-1. The metal mold was cooled and demolded to obtain a similar core to that (core 1) shown in Fig. 1, and then, the same metallic mold for slip casting as used in Example-1 was constituted.
Subsequently, slip of silicon nitride, using paraffin used in Example-1 as a dispersion medium, was put into the casting operation, and followed by the supercritical extraction performance. Resultantly, a finally molded body from which the dispersion medium was removed and which retained the alumina in it, was obtained. The alumina remaining was such as can be easily extracted.

Claims

A mold for slip casting comprising a compact (I) formed of a mixture of organic matter and powders, characterized in that said organic matter is capable of being extracted by supercritical fluid and having a melting point of 0 to 150°C and said powders are incapable of being extracted by the supercritical fluid.
The mold according to claim 1, characterized in that said organic matter is present in more than 55 and less than 100 vol.%.
The mold according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said organic matter is selected from methyl carbonate, t-butyl alcohol, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol and paraffin.
The mold according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said powders are selected from metal powders and ceramic powders.
The mold according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said compact (I) includes a core.
A method for slip casting, characterized by using a compact (I) in a mold according to claims 1 to 5.
Use of a compact (I) according to claims 1 to 5 in a mold for slip casting according to claims 1 to 5.