EP0282535A1 - Fabric lamination to concave substrate. - Google Patents
Fabric lamination to concave substrate.Info
- Publication number
- EP0282535A1 EP0282535A1 EP87906001A EP87906001A EP0282535A1 EP 0282535 A1 EP0282535 A1 EP 0282535A1 EP 87906001 A EP87906001 A EP 87906001A EP 87906001 A EP87906001 A EP 87906001A EP 0282535 A1 EP0282535 A1 EP 0282535A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- adhesive
- foam
- die
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
- B29C51/004—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/16—Lining or labelling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
- B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
- B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
- B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
- B29C66/91643—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile
- B29C66/91645—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile by steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
- B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/91935—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined lower than said fusion temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
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- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
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- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/486—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by their physical form being non-liquid, e.g. in the form of granules or powders
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- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
- B29C65/524—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive by applying the adhesive from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface of the part to be joined
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
- B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2061/00—Use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2061/04—Phenoplasts
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- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
- B29L2031/3008—Instrument panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
- B29L2031/3011—Roof linings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/02—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
- B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
- B60R13/0212—Roof or head liners
- B60R13/0225—Roof or head liners self supporting head liners
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process of laminat ⁇ ing fabric to a concave, rigid substrate.
- it is directed to a method of lamination using a thermally activated adhesive that results in better bonding in the concave areas.
- the process of this invention laminates fabric to a substrate with little or no tension resulting in the fabric and, therefore, with a substantially reduced like ⁇ lihood of bridging occurring, even when a non-elasticized fabric is used.
- the process comprises the following steps:
- the die temperature will be high enough to warm the adhesive to near its activation temperature.
- the surface temperature of the die be below the adhesive's activation temperature but within about 30 Fahrenheit degrees thereof, e.g., about 20 to 30 Fahrenheit degrees below the activation temperature of the adhesive.
- the preferred means of preheating the die is by use of electrical resistance heaters.
- the preferred superheated vapor to use is steam.
- Superheated steam is steam that exists at a temperature greater than the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure.
- the temperature, pressure, flow rate, and duration of ejection of the steam into the fabric are to a certain extent interrelated.
- the pressure should be high enough to drive the vapor through the fabric.
- the combination of pressure, temperature, and time should be such that the adhesive will be activated across substantially the entire contact surface of the substrate and the tension in the fabric in the concave areas will be relaxed.
- the conditions be such that the foam backing in these areas, if such is used, reach a high enough temperature that it will soften slightly, allowing it to conform to the shape of the substrate without tension.
- the steam will have to have a temperature in the range of about 400 to 600° F. and a pressure of about 75 to 85 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) . (This is as measured before the steam contacts the die surface.)
- the perforations in the die should be relatively small, e.g., having a diameter in the range of about 0.030 to 0.080 inch. There should be enough of the perfora ⁇ tions, and they should be spaced closely enough together, to ensure relatively uniform heating of the adhesive. The smaller the perforations, the closer together they should be. Generally, the perforations should be spaced not more than about 3/4 inch apart.
- Fabrics that can be used in the process of the present invention include both knits and woven fabrics.
- the fabric needs to be gas-permeable, however, so as to allow the superheated vapor to pass through it.
- Circular jersey knits, raschel knits, and tricot warp knits can be used.
- Suitable woven fabrics include twills, flat wove ⁇ s, and velours.
- the fibers of which the fabrics are made may be polyester, nylon, rayon, wool, cotton, or elastomeric, i.e. "stretch", fibers—alone or in various blends.
- the fabric will be stretchable by a factor of at least about 5 percent, e.g., about 5 to 20 percent. This refers to the amount the fabric can be stretched at room temperature, without being permanently distorted.
- the fabric may be backed or plain. Foam-backed fabrics often are preferred in such products.
- the foam normally is an open cell, thermoplastic, cushion foam, e.g., a polyurethane or polyolefin foam.
- Polyether-based polyurethanes and polyester-based polyurethanes can both be used. For automobile headliners the polyether-based polyurethanes hold up better, especially in hot climates, and are much preferred.
- Polyethylene is the most common form of polyolefin foam used as fabric backing.
- Polyester-based polyurethane foams often have melting points in the range of about 300 to 325° F.
- Polyether- based polyurethanes melt higher, usually in the range of about 375 to 450° F.
- Polyolefin foams usually have melt points somewhere in the range of about 325 to 400° F.
- the foam will have a melting point higher than the activation temperature of the adhesive.
- foam thickness is that it must be thin enough that the superheated vapor can pene ⁇ trate the foam adequately to activate the adhesive next to the substrate.
- the foam will have a thickness of about one inch or less, often no more than about 3/16 inch.
- Foam-backed fabrics are well known in the art and can be manufactured by a number of different methods. Perhaps the most common method in use today is flame lami ⁇ nation. This entails passing a sheet of foam over an open flame to cause the sheet to become tacky on the bottom surface, and then pressing the tacky surface against the back of the fabric, using nip rollers.
- the adhesive used to laminate the fabric to the substrate is a fabric adhesive which is activated at an elevated temperature, e.g., about 140°F. or above.
- Adhe- sives that are substantially solid at room temperature are preferred.
- the adhesive be thermoplastic, i.e., can be remelted after once being set.
- the activation temperature of the adhesive should be low enough that the fabric will not be damaged. (Some fabrics can withstand temperatures as high as about 350° F., for short periods of time, without significant damage.) Dif ⁇ ferent adhesives may be preferred for different fabrics. Most often, however, the adhesive will have an activation temperature within the range of about 190 to 270° F. Use of a thermoplastic adhesive that melts in the range of about 210 to 250° F. is most preferred. Thermoplastic polyamide adhesives are quite effective.
- a normally solid adhesive can be applied to the fabric in particulate form, as a film, or as a web. Pre- ferably, it will be applied to the fabric in particulate form, i.e., it will be sprinkled on the fabric.
- This method of application permits greater uniformity of the adhesive coating than, for example, spray application of a liquid adhesive permits. The difference can be important in obtaining a smooth, even appearance in the final pro ⁇ duct.
- a commonly used prior art method of laminating a fabric to an automobile headliner shell involves the spraying of liquid adhesive on the rigid shell, following which the shell is sent through an oven to make the adhe- sive tacky. The shell then is placed in a female mold and fabric is laid over it.
- a male die is pressed against the fabric, but without the use of a superheated vapor.
- the die either is unheated or is heated by conductive heat.
- this often results in uneven application of the adhesive.
- the adhesive layer is excessively thick in an area where there are imperfections, such as grooves or indentations, in the surface of the substrate, the imperfections will show through the fabric in the finished product.
- a powdered adhesive e.g., having a particle size of about 100 to 400 microns, we are able to apply the coating with an accuracy of about + 0.1 gram/square foot, which makes for a smoother finish in the final product.
- the substrate used can be any rigid material that will not melt or otherwise degrade when subjected to the action of the adhesive and vapor and the heat of the process.
- it can be made of metal, wood products, plastic, fiberglass, or rigid foam.
- the substrate be gas-permeable, so as to allow cooling air to be pulled through it after the fabric has been stretch ⁇ ed and the adhesive activated.
- the process is especially useful, for example, in laminating a foam-backed fabric to a contoured, compressed sheet of loose fibers bound to ⁇ gether, e.g., glass fibers or textile waste (also known as "shoddy").
- the binder used is preferably a thermoset resin, e.g., a phenolic resin, such a phenol- formaldehyde condensation resin.
- a thermoset resin e.g., a phenolic resin, such a phenol- formaldehyde condensation resin.
- the difference in activa ⁇ tion temperatures of the two adhesives will be in the range of about 20 to 50 Fahrenheit degrees.
- the fabric preferably will be somewhat elastic, e.g. , having a stretch value of at least about ten percent.
- the layered composite of fabric, adhesive, and foam is placed against the concave side of the substrate, with the second layer of adhesive next to the substrate. The remainder of the process is the same, with the die temperature preferably being within about 30 Fahrenheit degrees of the activation temperature of the adhesive between the fabric and the foam.
- a sheet of foam-backed fabric 10 is conveyed under a hopper 11, from which a powdered thermo- plastic adhesive 12 is uniformly sprinkled over the sur ⁇ face of the foam 13.
- the adhesive is applied at a rate of 18 grams per square meter.
- the adhesive is a polyamide having a melt point of approximately 220° F.
- Foam 13 is a sheet of open celled, polyether-based polyurethane, one- eighth inch thick. It is laminated to a decorative facing fabric 14, which is a woven blend of polyester and Lycra® spandex.
- foam-backed fabric 10 is conveyed past a radiant heater 15, which heats the powdered adhe- sive 12 just until it becomes tacky enough to stick to the foam 13.
- foam-backed fabric 10 is turned over so that the decorative facing fabric 14 is on the top.
- a rigid shell 16 for an automobile headliner is lowered into female die 17.
- the entire con ⁇ tact surface 18 of female die 17 is perforated with holes 19, which have a diameter of 0.040 inch and are spaced 1/2 inch apart.
- the enclosed cavity 20 behind female die sur ⁇ face 18 is connected to means (not shown) for pulling a vacuum.
- the concave shape of the contact surface 18 of female die 17 corresponds to that of headliner shell 16.
- Shell 16 is made of slightly compressed fiberglass, bound together with a thermoset phenol-formaldehyde resin.
- the porous shell measures about 60 inches wide by about 110 inches long and is approximately 9/16 inch thick, except at the edges 21, where it narrows to a thickness of about 1/8 inch. Poised above female mold 17 and headliner shell 16 is male die 22.
- the entire contact surface 23 of die 22 also is perforated, by holes 24, which are the same in size and spacing as holes 19 in female die 17.
- the con- tour of male die 22 is complementary to that of female die 17.
- Behind contact surface 23 of die 22 is an enclosed chamber 25, which is in communication with a source (not shown) of superheated steam having a temperature of about 450° F. and a pressure of about 80 psig.
- a source not shown
- superheated steam having a temperature of about 450° F. and a pressure of about 80 psig.
- Figure 3 is laid on top of headliner shell 16.
- the ex ⁇ posed layer of adhesive 12 is thereby sandwiched between foam backing 13 and headliner shell 16.
- Both die contact surfaces 18 and 23 are preheated by electrical resistance heaters (not shown) to a temperature of approximately 200° F.
- male die 22 is shown fully lowered into female die 17, thereby compressing foam-backed fabric 10 into tight engagement with concave headliner shell 16.
- the superheated steam is admitted to chamber 25, from whence it is ejected through the perforations 24 in male die 22.
- the steam ejection is continued for approximately 15 seconds.
- a vacuum of approximately 1250 cubic feet per minute, at 7 inches of water, is pulled on female die 17 and is continued for about 6 seconds.
- ambient air is pulled through foam-backed fabric 10 and headliner shell 16 through the gap around the peripheries of dies 17 and 22.
- the ejected steam heats the adhesive 12 to melting; the air purge helps cool and resolidify the adhesive.
- lamination is complete; then, as shown in Figure 7, male die 22 is raised, permitting the removal of the finished headliner 26 from female die 17. (A comparable prior art process would require a press time of approxi ⁇ mately 45 to 60 seconds.).
- Figure 8 shows an enlarged view of the finished headliner 26, turned over from the position it occupied in female die 17. This is the orientation the headliner will have in an automobile, with the decorative facing fabric 14 on the underside.
- Figure 10 is a life-size perspective view, in partial cross-section, of one of the four corners of the finished headliner shown in Figure 8.
- Resilient foam backing 13 adheres tightly and uniformly to porous fiber ⁇ glass shell 16, while decorative facing fabric 13 remains completely laminated to the foam.
- Figure 9 depicts a corner of a prior art headliner formed of the same materials, but using conductive heat and a liquid adhesive, rather than superheated steam and pow ⁇ dered adhesive. As can be seen, after removal of the headliner from the mold, the adhesive 12a has given way and foam 13a is loose in the corner of shell 16a. It is contemplated that the process depicted in
- Figures 1-8 can be performed in a semi-continuous manner using a roll (not shown) of foam-backed fabric 10, which would remain uncut until the pressing step ( Figure 6).
- Each side edge of the fabric might be held by a row of upstanding pins carried by a conveyor belt (not shown). In this manner the fabric can be held taut while it is pressed into the female die, so as to lessen the chance of wrinkling.
- the process of the present invention allows the fabric to conform more closely to the contour of the substrate, even when the substrate has relatively deep concavities. This frees the manufacturer to use a broader array of designs than can be implemented with prior art processes.
Abstract
Une pièce de tissu (10), présentant de préférence une couche de support en mousse, est stratifiée sur un substrat concave rigide, tel qu'une coque en fibres de verre (16) pour une moulure de tête de véhicules automobiles, grâce aux étapes suivantes: a) revêtement du dos du tissu par un adhésif thermoactivé (12), par exemple un polyamide en poudre; b) positionnement du côté adhésif du tissu contre le côté concave du substrat; c) préchauffage d'une matrice mâle (22) présentant une forme complémentaire à celle du substrat; d) pressage du tissu avec la matrice; e) éjection d'un jet de vapeur surchauffée, de préférence de la vapeur d'eau, à travers le tissu, afin d'activer l'adhésif; f) refroidissement de l'adhésif jusqu'à sa solification; g) démoulage de l'article stratifié (26) de la matrice. Le traitement à la vapeur surchauffée étire de manière permanente le tissu dans les cavités, ce qui empêche la délamination de l'article après le démoulage.A piece of fabric (10), preferably having a foam support layer, is laminated on a rigid concave substrate, such as a fiberglass shell (16) for a head molding of motor vehicles, by the steps following: a) coating the back of the fabric with a heat-activated adhesive (12), for example a powdered polyamide; b) positioning the adhesive side of the fabric against the concave side of the substrate; c) preheating a male matrix (22) having a shape complementary to that of the substrate; d) pressing the fabric with the matrix; e) ejecting a jet of superheated steam, preferably water vapor, through the fabric, in order to activate the adhesive; f) cooling the adhesive until it solidifies; g) demolding of the laminated article (26) from the matrix. The superheated steam treatment permanently stretches the fabric in the cavities, which prevents delamination of the article after demolding.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US90518786A | 1986-09-09 | 1986-09-09 | |
US905187 | 1986-09-09 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0282535A1 true EP0282535A1 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
EP0282535A4 EP0282535A4 (en) | 1990-02-26 |
EP0282535B1 EP0282535B1 (en) | 1993-05-05 |
Family
ID=25420399
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19870906001 Expired - Lifetime EP0282535B1 (en) | 1986-09-09 | 1987-08-31 | Fabric lamination to concave substrate |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0282535B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU611396B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1341058C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3785751T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2005303A6 (en) |
MX (1) | MX169235B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1988001935A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4786351A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1988-11-22 | Astechnologies, Inc. | Process and apparatus for simultaneously shaping foam and laminating fabric thereto |
US5234523A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-08-10 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Method of laminating a fabric covered article |
DE4224667C2 (en) * | 1992-07-25 | 1997-01-09 | Helmut Pelzer | Production of a multi-layer wall covering |
US5868890A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1999-02-09 | Eften, Inc. | Process for bonding a cover to a substrate |
US5863370A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1999-01-26 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Method of bonding cloth cover to substrate base |
DE102005041191B4 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2010-02-18 | Innovativer Maschinenbau Pfeifer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for joining at least two parts |
PL2663447T3 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2015-10-30 | Unilever Nv | Process for thermoforming infusion packets |
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US3256131A (en) * | 1962-12-05 | 1966-06-14 | Fibremetal Inc | Embossed laminate and method of making same |
US3817806A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1974-06-18 | Acryltech Inc | Method for prestressing reinforced thermoset resins |
US4199390A (en) * | 1974-02-22 | 1980-04-22 | Pollard Stephen L | Embossing and laminating process |
US4519862A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1985-05-28 | Tachikawa Spring Co. | Method of manufacturing cushion materials |
FR2576890A1 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-08 | Tachikawa Spring Co | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A VEHICLE SEAT COMPRISING A SOLID COVER FOR A MATTRESS |
EP0227202A2 (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-07-01 | Lear Siegler, Inc. | Method and apparatus for bonding fabric to a foam pad |
WO1987004118A1 (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-07-16 | Astechnologies, Inc. | Apparatus for laminating and shaping foam |
US4718153A (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1988-01-12 | Steelcase Inc. | Cushion manufacturing process |
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US3265530A (en) * | 1961-03-13 | 1966-08-09 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Automobile headliner and method for making the same |
US3654019A (en) * | 1969-12-10 | 1972-04-04 | Gordon Edward Cusick | Methods and apparatus for bonding laminate materials |
US3891738A (en) * | 1972-11-10 | 1975-06-24 | Canadian Patents Dev | Method and apparatus for pressing particleboard |
US3935358A (en) * | 1973-03-29 | 1976-01-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Process for preparing a hollow, rib-reinforced laminated structure |
US4119749A (en) * | 1975-02-05 | 1978-10-10 | Roth Freres, S.A. | Moulded light-weight framed panel |
US3992238A (en) * | 1975-03-31 | 1976-11-16 | Medical Specialties, Inc. | Method for molding a protective pad |
US4052241A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1977-10-04 | Detroit Gasket And Manufacturing Company | Method of forming a contoured laminate |
JPS5850162B2 (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1983-11-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of cardboard interior material |
CH600087A5 (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1978-06-15 | Schneider & Co W | |
US4009310A (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1977-02-22 | The General Tire & Rubber Company | Method of improving adhesion of secondary backings on carpets |
US4131664A (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1978-12-26 | Allen Industries, Inc. | Method of making a multiple-density fibrous acoustical panel |
JPS5940037B2 (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1984-09-27 | 立川スプリング株式会社 | Seat body manufacturing method |
US4260575A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-04-07 | Koss Corporation | Method for molding ear cushions |
US4327049A (en) * | 1980-02-14 | 1982-04-27 | Miller Frederick O | Method of forming automotive headliners from composite foamed resin blanks |
US4379101A (en) * | 1980-06-04 | 1983-04-05 | Allen Industries, Inc. | Forming apparatus and method |
DE3233241A1 (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1983-04-28 | Günter Hans 1000 Berlin Kiss | METHOD FOR PRESSING MOLDED PARTS FROM BINDER-CONTAINING ORGANIC FIBER MATS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
US4517236A (en) * | 1983-09-06 | 1985-05-14 | Fiber-Lite Corporation | Fibrous product |
EP0282562B1 (en) * | 1986-09-10 | 1993-04-07 | Astechnologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for steam lamination |
-
1987
- 1987-08-31 WO PCT/US1987/002172 patent/WO1988001935A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-08-31 DE DE19873785751 patent/DE3785751T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-31 AU AU79161/87A patent/AU611396B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-08-31 EP EP19870906001 patent/EP0282535B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-08 ES ES8702585A patent/ES2005303A6/en not_active Expired
- 1987-09-09 MX MX815887A patent/MX169235B/en unknown
- 1987-09-09 CA CA 546405 patent/CA1341058C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
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US3256131A (en) * | 1962-12-05 | 1966-06-14 | Fibremetal Inc | Embossed laminate and method of making same |
US3817806A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1974-06-18 | Acryltech Inc | Method for prestressing reinforced thermoset resins |
US4199390A (en) * | 1974-02-22 | 1980-04-22 | Pollard Stephen L | Embossing and laminating process |
US4519862A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1985-05-28 | Tachikawa Spring Co. | Method of manufacturing cushion materials |
FR2576890A1 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-08 | Tachikawa Spring Co | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A VEHICLE SEAT COMPRISING A SOLID COVER FOR A MATTRESS |
EP0227202A2 (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-07-01 | Lear Siegler, Inc. | Method and apparatus for bonding fabric to a foam pad |
WO1987004118A1 (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-07-16 | Astechnologies, Inc. | Apparatus for laminating and shaping foam |
US4718153A (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1988-01-12 | Steelcase Inc. | Cushion manufacturing process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of WO8801935A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX169235B (en) | 1993-06-25 |
AU611396B2 (en) | 1991-06-13 |
AU7916187A (en) | 1988-04-07 |
ES2005303A6 (en) | 1989-03-01 |
WO1988001935A1 (en) | 1988-03-24 |
DE3785751D1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
EP0282535A4 (en) | 1990-02-26 |
CA1341058C (en) | 2000-07-25 |
DE3785751T2 (en) | 1993-09-23 |
EP0282535B1 (en) | 1993-05-05 |
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