EP0201421A1 - Contact microphone pick-up with a piezo-polymeric membrane - Google Patents

Contact microphone pick-up with a piezo-polymeric membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0201421A1
EP0201421A1 EP86400958A EP86400958A EP0201421A1 EP 0201421 A1 EP0201421 A1 EP 0201421A1 EP 86400958 A EP86400958 A EP 86400958A EP 86400958 A EP86400958 A EP 86400958A EP 0201421 A1 EP0201421 A1 EP 0201421A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
grooves
contact sensor
membrane
polymer film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86400958A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno De Fleurieu
José Cherqui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Industrielle de Liaisons Electriques SA
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Societe Industrielle de Liaisons Electriques SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe Industrielle de Liaisons Electriques SA filed Critical Societe Industrielle de Liaisons Electriques SA
Publication of EP0201421A1 publication Critical patent/EP0201421A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/46—Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/02—Microphones
    • H04R17/025—Microphones using a piezoelectric polymer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piezoelectric contact microphone.
  • This sensor can be used as a laryngophone and as a bone or mechanical solidary vibration sensor.
  • the operation of the present invention will be described in its use as a bone vibration sensor when it is placed on the head at the top of the speaker's cranial box, the other uses being deduced in an obvious manner.
  • the transducer object of the present invention allows the transmission of the speech of a subject placed in unfavorable environmental conditions. It sometimes happens that in various circumstances it is not possible to use an ordinary proximity microphone.
  • the object of the invention is therefore a sensor contact microphone comprising a polymer piezo membrane with metallized faces disposed between a thin plastic plate and a plate acting as an "anvil", both provided with grooves on their facing faces which concentrically stretch the polymer piezo film and a electronic preamplifier circuit, characterized in that said membrane consists of a piezo-polymer film, the two faces of which are metallized forming the armatures of a capacitor so that the potential difference which is established between the two armatures constitutes the signal sent to the amplifier and from there to the outside, and also characterized in that the said membrane is slightly pretended by the grooves of the facing plastic plates.
  • the vibrations of the skull bones generated by the subject's voice are transmitted to the external hard plastic wafer.
  • This external plate being slightly projecting relative to the housing and having a thinned peripheral zone, moves around its rest position during vibrations.
  • the grooves of the two plates are offset, so that the projecting grooved part of the external plate, comes to fit in the groove of the groove of the internal plate and vice versa which keeps the piezo polymer film in permanent contact with the two plates.
  • any impulse transmitted by the cranial bone tends to push the projecting part into the groove of the internal plate which produces a deformation of the piezoelectric film.
  • this deformation generates electric charges on the faces of the piezo polymer film.
  • These charges collected by the metal faces of the film, create a potential difference, across the terminals of the polarized solid dielectric capacitor that constitutes the film used, which is amplified by the preamplifier built into the transducer.
  • the signal is then sent outside of said transducer.
  • the plastic plate situated outside 2 can be protected against any external attack as well as for reasons of comfort by a thin layer of protective material (rubber for example).
  • the invention may be better understood by referring to an exemplary embodiment which is in no way limitative in which the sensor assumes the cylindrical shape and in which the grooves of the two plates are concentric circles and which will be described below with reference to the figure. unique.
  • the piezo polymer film 5 with metallized faces 4 and 6 is held on the metal ring 7 of the lower plate 8 (provided with circular grooves 13) by the ring 7. Then stacked successively in the casing 1, the upper plate 2 (provided circular grooves 14), the piezo-polymer film assembly, housing, lower plate described above, a metal spacer 9 containing the preamplifier 11 and a closure part 10 pierced with holes 12 for the output of the conductors from the amplifier which transmit the signal received to the outside.
  • the sensitive piezo polymer film used consists of a piezoelectric polymer layer 5, each of the faces of which is metallized 4 and 6.
  • a vibration propagates through the bones of the skull and induces a displacement of the plate 2 and its projecting parts 14 relative to the part (8 with grooves 13) serving as anvil.
  • a series of sounds corresponding to a sentence will correspond to a succession of electrical signals.
  • the signal thus obtained will be too weak to be used directly.
  • This signal is therefore directed to a correcting preamplifier with very high input impedance.
  • the signal from the preamplifier will be taken by conductors passing through the closure plate through one or two openings such as 12.
  • the sensitive layer is constituted by a piezoelectric polymer film of the polyvinylfluoride type. It will have a thickness of a few tens of microns. Films of this type are found commercially covered on both sides with a metallized layer (AR, Ni, Au, etc.) having very satisfactory adhesion to the polymer in most cases.
  • a metallized layer AR, Ni, Au, etc.

Abstract

Microphone intended to be placed at the top of the cranium, and operating by transduction of the vibrations arising in the bones of the cranium when the subject speaks. It comprises a piezoelectric film (5) which extends under the action of mechanical vibrations from the skull. Sufficient sensitivity is obtained by interposing a high input- impedance amplifier. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un microphone piézoélectrique de contact.The present invention relates to a piezoelectric contact microphone.

Ce capteur peut être utilisé en laryngophone et en capteur de vibrations solidiennes osseuses ou mécaniques.This sensor can be used as a laryngophone and as a bone or mechanical solidary vibration sensor.

Le fonctionnement de la présente invention sera décrit dans son utilisation en capteur de vibrations osseuses lorsqu'il est placé sur la tête en haut de la boîte cranienne d'un locuteur, les autres utilisations se déduisant d'une manière évidente.The operation of the present invention will be described in its use as a bone vibration sensor when it is placed on the head at the top of the speaker's cranial box, the other uses being deduced in an obvious manner.

Le transducteur objet de la présente invention permet la transmission de la parole d'un sujet placé dans des conditions défavorables d'environnement. Il arrive en effet que dans diverses circonstances, il ne soit pas possible d'utiliser un microphone ordinaire de proximité.The transducer object of the present invention allows the transmission of the speech of a subject placed in unfavorable environmental conditions. It sometimes happens that in various circumstances it is not possible to use an ordinary proximity microphone.

Ce sera le cas lorsque par exemple, il existe un niveau sonore très élevé au niveau de la bouche du sujet, ou quand le sujet est plongé dans un milieu hostile.This will be the case when, for example, there is a very high noise level at the level of the subject's mouth, or when the subject is immersed in a hostile environment.

L'objet de l'invention est donc un capteur microphonique de contact comprenant une membrane de piézo polymère à faces métallisées disposée entre une plaquette mince de plastique et une plaquette faisant office "d'enclume", toutes deux munies de cannelures sur leurs faces en regard qui tendent concentriquement le film de piézo polymère et un circuit électronique préamplificateur, caractérisé en ce que ladite membrane est constituée d'un film de piézo polymère dont les deux faces sont métallisées formant les armatures d'un condensateur de sorte que la différence de potentiel qui s'établit entre les deux armatures constitue le signal envoyé à l'amplificateur et de là vers l'extérieur, et caractérisé aussi par le fait que ladit membrane est légèrement prétendue par les cannelures des de plaques plastiques en regard.The object of the invention is therefore a sensor contact microphone comprising a polymer piezo membrane with metallized faces disposed between a thin plastic plate and a plate acting as an "anvil", both provided with grooves on their facing faces which concentrically stretch the polymer piezo film and a electronic preamplifier circuit, characterized in that said membrane consists of a piezo-polymer film, the two faces of which are metallized forming the armatures of a capacitor so that the potential difference which is established between the two armatures constitutes the signal sent to the amplifier and from there to the outside, and also characterized in that the said membrane is slightly pretended by the grooves of the facing plastic plates.

Les vibrations des os du crâne générées par la voix du sujet sont transmises à la plaquette de plastique dur externe. Cette plaquette externe étantlégèrement en saillie par rapport au boîtier et présentant une zone périphérique amincie, se déplace autour de sa position de repos lors des vibrations.The vibrations of the skull bones generated by the subject's voice are transmitted to the external hard plastic wafer. This external plate being slightly projecting relative to the housing and having a thinned peripheral zone, moves around its rest position during vibrations.

Par ailleurs, les cannelures des deux plaquettes sont décalées, de sorte que la partie cannelée saillante de la plaquette externe,vient s'emboîter dans le sillon de la cannelure de la plaque interne et réciproquement ce qui maintient le film piézo polymère en contact permanent avec les deux plaquettes.In addition, the grooves of the two plates are offset, so that the projecting grooved part of the external plate, comes to fit in the groove of the groove of the internal plate and vice versa which keeps the piezo polymer film in permanent contact with the two plates.

Il en résulte que toute impulsion transmise par l'os cranien tend à enfoncer la partie saillante dans le sillon de la plaquette interne ce qui produit une déformation du film piézoélectrique. Par effet piézoélectrique, cette déformation génère des charges électriques sur les faces du film piézo polymère. Ces charges, collectées par les faces métalliques du film, créent une différence de potentiel, aux bornes du condensateur à diélectrique solide polarisé que constitue le film utilisé,qui est amplifiée par le préamplificateur intégré au transducteur.As a result, any impulse transmitted by the cranial bone tends to push the projecting part into the groove of the internal plate which produces a deformation of the piezoelectric film. By piezoelectric effect, this deformation generates electric charges on the faces of the piezo polymer film. These charges, collected by the metal faces of the film, create a potential difference, across the terminals of the polarized solid dielectric capacitor that constitutes the film used, which is amplified by the preamplifier built into the transducer.

Le signal est ensuite envoyé à l'extérieur dudit transducteur.The signal is then sent outside of said transducer.

Dans un tel capteur la plaquette de plastique située à l'extérieur 2 peut être protégée contre toute atteinte externe ainsi que pour des raisons de confort par une couche mince de matière protectrice (caoutchouc par exemple).In such a sensor, the plastic plate situated outside 2 can be protected against any external attack as well as for reasons of comfort by a thin layer of protective material (rubber for example).

L'invention sera peut être mieux comprise en se référant à un exemple de réalisation nullement limitatif dans lequel le capteur affecte la forme cylindrique et dans lequel les cannelures des deux plaquettes sont des cercles concentriques et qui sera décrit ci-dessous en référence à la figure unique.The invention may be better understood by referring to an exemplary embodiment which is in no way limitative in which the sensor assumes the cylindrical shape and in which the grooves of the two plates are concentric circles and which will be described below with reference to the figure. unique.

Le film piézo polymère 5 à faces métallisées 4 et 6 est maintenu sur la bague métallique 7 de la plaquette inférieure 8 (munie de cannelures circulaires 13) par la bague 7.On empile ensuite successivement dans le carter 1, la plaquette supérieure 2 (munie de cannelures circulaires 14),l'ensemble film piézo polymère,boîtier, plaquette inférieure décrit ci-dessus, une entretoise métallique 9 contenant le préamplificateur 11 et une pièce de fermeture 10 percée de trous 12 de sortie des conducteurs issus de l'amplificateur qui transmettent le signal capté vers l'extérieur.The piezo polymer film 5 with metallized faces 4 and 6 is held on the metal ring 7 of the lower plate 8 (provided with circular grooves 13) by the ring 7. Then stacked successively in the casing 1, the upper plate 2 (provided circular grooves 14), the piezo-polymer film assembly, housing, lower plate described above, a metal spacer 9 containing the preamplifier 11 and a closure part 10 pierced with holes 12 for the output of the conductors from the amplifier which transmit the signal received to the outside.

Le film sensible piézo polymère utilisé est constitué d'une couche de polymère piézoélectrique 5 dont chacune des faces est métallisée 4 et 6.The sensitive piezo polymer film used consists of a piezoelectric polymer layer 5, each of the faces of which is metallized 4 and 6.

La prise de contact sur chacune des faces du film est réalisée par pression mécanique. Le contact de la face inférieure du film est réalisé par une partie métallique 7 insérée dans la plaquette 8 alors que le contact supérieur est réalisé par la pièce 3 qui de plus maintient le film. L'ensemble constitué des pièces 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 et 8 prend appui sur une entretoise métallique 9 creuse dans laquelle est installé le préamplificateur 11 et qui assure en même temps la continuité électrique.Contact is made on each side of the film by mechanical pressure. The contact of the lower face of the film is made by a metal part 7 inserted in the wafer 8 while the upper contact is made by the part 3 which also holds the film. The assembly consisting of parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 rests on a hollow metal spacer 9 in which the preamplifier 11 is installed and which at the same time ensures electrical continuity.

Le fonctionnement de ce capteur microphonique de contact se comprend aisément.The operation of this microphonic contact sensor is easily understood.

En réponse à un son émis par le sujet, une vibration se propage à travers les os du crâne et induit un déplacement de la plaquette 2 et de ses parties saillantes 14 par rapport à la partie (8 avec cannelures 13) servant d'enclume.In response to a sound emitted by the subject, a vibration propagates through the bones of the skull and induces a displacement of the plate 2 and its projecting parts 14 relative to the part (8 with grooves 13) serving as anvil.

De sorte que ces parties saillantes vont tendre à s'enfoncer dans les sillons de la plaquette 8 immobilisée par inertie par l'entretoise 9. De sorte que la pellicule de polymère piézoélectrique 5 va être soumise à une déformation et à un allongement. Cette déformation de la pellicule polymère piézoélectrique va faire apparaître des charges électriques à sa surface qui vont se manifester sur les deux couches métallisées 4 et 5. Une différence de potentiel se manifeste donc aux bornes isolées l'une de l'autre par la pellicule polymère piézoélectrique. On vient de voir qu'à un signal sonore émis par le sujet nous avons fait correspondre une tension.So that these projecting parts will tend to sink into the grooves of the wafer 8 immobilized by inertia by the spacer 9. So that the piezoelectric polymer film 5 will be subjected to deformation and elongation. This deformation of the piezoelectric polymer film will cause electrical charges to appear on its surface which will appear on the two metallized layers 4 and 5. A difference in potential therefore appears at the terminals isolated from each other by the polymer film piezoelectric. We have just seen that a sound signal emitted by the subject we matched a voltage.

A une suite de sons correspondant à une phrase, il correspondra une succession de signaux électriques.A series of sounds corresponding to a sentence will correspond to a succession of electrical signals.

En règle générale, le signal ainsi obtenu sera trop faible pour être exploité directement. Ce signal est donc dirigé vers un préamplificateur correcteur à très haute impédance d'entrée. Le signal issu du préamplificateur sera prélevé par des conducteurs traversant la plaque de fermeture par une ou deux ouvertures telles que 12.In general, the signal thus obtained will be too weak to be used directly. This signal is therefore directed to a correcting preamplifier with very high input impedance. The signal from the preamplifier will be taken by conductors passing through the closure plate through one or two openings such as 12.

La couche sensible est constituée par un film de polymère piézoélectrique du type polyfluorure de vinylene Elle aura une épaisseur de quelques dizaines de microns. On trouve dans le commerce des films de ce type recouvert de part et d'autre d'une couche métallisée (AR, Ni, Au, etc...) présentant une adhérence au polymère très satisfaisante dans la plupart des cas.The sensitive layer is constituted by a piezoelectric polymer film of the polyvinylfluoride type. It will have a thickness of a few tens of microns. Films of this type are found commercially covered on both sides with a metallized layer (AR, Ni, Au, etc.) having very satisfactory adhesion to the polymer in most cases.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits, elle est au contraire susceptible de modifications et de variantes qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art.The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments which have just been described, it is on the contrary liable to modifications and variants which will appear to those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1 - Capteur microphonique de contact à membrane en film de polymère piézoélectrique comprenant une membrane en piézo polymère disposée entre deux plaquettes minces de plastique munies de cannelures alternées sur leurs faces opposées qui prétendent légèrement ladite membrane piézoélectrique et un circuit amplificateur, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche est constituée par une pellicule polymère piézoélectrique isolante dont les deux faces sont couvertes de couches métalliques conductrices formant les armatures d'un condensateur de sorte que la différence de potentiel qui s'établit entre les deux armatures forme le signal transmis à l'amplificateur et de là à l'extérieur.1 - Microphonic contact sensor with a piezoelectric polymer film membrane comprising a piezoelectric polymer membrane disposed between two thin plastic plates provided with alternating grooves on their opposite faces which slightly pretend said piezoelectric membrane and an amplifier circuit, characterized in that said layer consists of an insulating piezoelectric polymer film, the two faces of which are covered with conductive metallic layers forming the plates of a capacitor so that the potential difference which is established between the two plates forms the signal transmitted to the amplifier and from there to the outside. 2 - Capteur microphonique de contact, piézoélectrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les cannelures de la plaquette en plastique dur située à l'entrée du capteur sont décalées d'un demi-pas par rapport aux cannelures de la plaquette en plastique dur située à l'intérieur.2 - Microphonic contact sensor, piezoelectric according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves of the hard plastic plate located at the input of the sensor are offset by half a step relative to the grooves of the hard plastic plate located inside. 3 - Capteur microphonique de contact, piézoélectrique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il affecte une forme de révolution de sorte que les plaquettes en plastique dur et les cannelures qui y sont gravées sont circulaires.3 - Microphonic contact sensor, piezoelectric according to claim 2, characterized in that it affects a form of revolution so that the hard plastic plates and the grooves which are engraved therein are circular. 4 - Capteur microphonique de contact, piézoélectrique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la membrane en film polymère piézoélectrique à faces métallisées est légèrement prétendue par les cannelures de chacune des deux plaquettes cannelées même en l'absence de vibrations.4 - Microphonic contact sensor, piezoelectric according to claim 2, characterized in that the piezoelectric polymer film membrane with metallized faces is slightly pretended by the grooves of each of the two grooved plates even in the absence of vibrations. 5 - Capteur microphonique de contact, piézoélectrique selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la membrane de film piézo polymère peut être constituée de la superposition de deux films piézo polymère à faces métallisées, réalisant ainsi une structure bimorphe à plus haute sensibilité.5 - Microphonic contact sensor, piezoelectric according to claim 4, characterized in that the membrane of piezo polymer film can consist of the superposition of two piezo polymer films with faces metallized, thus achieving a bimorph structure with higher sensitivity. 6 - Capteur microphonique de contact, piézoélectrique selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la plaquette externe présente une zone périphérique amincie lui permettant une meilleure souplesse lors de son déplacement sous l'effet des vibrations, et en ce que ladite plaquette externe constitue un filtre mécanique de vibrations destiné à éliminer les fréquences basses du spectre.6 - Microphonic contact sensor, piezoelectric according to claim 4, characterized in that the external plate has a thinned peripheral zone allowing it better flexibility during its movement under the effect of vibrations, and in that said external plate constitutes a mechanical vibration filter designed to eliminate low frequencies from the spectrum.
EP86400958A 1985-05-02 1986-04-30 Contact microphone pick-up with a piezo-polymeric membrane Withdrawn EP0201421A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8506663A FR2581496B1 (en) 1985-05-02 1985-05-02 MICROPHONE CONTACT SENSOR WITH PIEZO POLYMER MEMBRANE
FR8506663 1985-05-02

Publications (1)

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EP0201421A1 true EP0201421A1 (en) 1986-11-12

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EP86400958A Withdrawn EP0201421A1 (en) 1985-05-02 1986-04-30 Contact microphone pick-up with a piezo-polymeric membrane

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FR (1) FR2581496B1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3623587A1 (en) * 1986-07-12 1988-01-21 Gerd Kress Appliance for measuring the operating time of machines
EP0334219A2 (en) * 1988-03-21 1989-09-27 M-P &amp; SD DI-PARISI EUGENIO MARKETING PROMOTION &amp; SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Contact microphone
EP0390758A2 (en) * 1989-03-06 1990-10-03 Leif Palmaer A microphone amplifier for contact microphones
WO1995006525A1 (en) * 1993-08-30 1995-03-09 Medacoustics, Inc. Disposable acoustic pad sensors
WO2000010462A1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-03-02 Medacoustics, Inc. Thin film piezoelectric polymer sensor
US6193668B1 (en) 1997-11-10 2001-02-27 Medacoustics, Inc. Acoustic sensor array for non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease
US6243599B1 (en) 1997-11-10 2001-06-05 Medacoustics, Inc. Methods, systems and computer program products for photogrammetric sensor position estimation
US20100290660A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2010-11-18 Temco Japan Co., Ltd. Vibration pickup microphone
CN1997243B (en) * 2005-12-31 2011-07-27 财团法人工业技术研究院 Pliable loudspeaker and its making method
WO2018104807A1 (en) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-14 Sateco Ag Button assemblies

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816774A (en) * 1972-01-28 1974-06-11 Victor Company Of Japan Curved piezoelectric elements
NL7508534A (en) * 1975-07-17 1977-01-19 Philips Nv Transducer for loudspeakers or microphones - provided with independently acting but adjacently located transducer membrane films
US4056742A (en) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-01 Tibbetts Industries, Inc. Transducer having piezoelectric film arranged with alternating curvatures
DE3022770A1 (en) * 1980-06-18 1981-12-24 Helmut 8501 Feucht Schaller Piezoceramic pick=up for stringed musical instrument - has metal membrane supporting piezoceramic element and elastic membrane in contact with instrument
FR2507424A1 (en) * 1981-06-05 1982-12-10 Cgr SELF-ADHESIVE PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE TRANSDUCER

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816774A (en) * 1972-01-28 1974-06-11 Victor Company Of Japan Curved piezoelectric elements
NL7508534A (en) * 1975-07-17 1977-01-19 Philips Nv Transducer for loudspeakers or microphones - provided with independently acting but adjacently located transducer membrane films
US4056742A (en) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-01 Tibbetts Industries, Inc. Transducer having piezoelectric film arranged with alternating curvatures
DE3022770A1 (en) * 1980-06-18 1981-12-24 Helmut 8501 Feucht Schaller Piezoceramic pick=up for stringed musical instrument - has metal membrane supporting piezoceramic element and elastic membrane in contact with instrument
FR2507424A1 (en) * 1981-06-05 1982-12-10 Cgr SELF-ADHESIVE PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE TRANSDUCER

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3623587A1 (en) * 1986-07-12 1988-01-21 Gerd Kress Appliance for measuring the operating time of machines
EP0334219A2 (en) * 1988-03-21 1989-09-27 M-P &amp; SD DI-PARISI EUGENIO MARKETING PROMOTION &amp; SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Contact microphone
EP0334219A3 (en) * 1988-03-21 1991-04-03 M-P &amp; SD DI-PARISI EUGENIO MARKETING PROMOTION &amp; SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Contact microphone
EP0390758A2 (en) * 1989-03-06 1990-10-03 Leif Palmaer A microphone amplifier for contact microphones
EP0390758A3 (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-11-13 Leif Palmaer A microphone amplifier for contact microphones
US5885222A (en) * 1993-08-30 1999-03-23 Medacoustics, Inc. Disposable acoustic pad sensors
WO1995006525A1 (en) * 1993-08-30 1995-03-09 Medacoustics, Inc. Disposable acoustic pad sensors
US6193668B1 (en) 1997-11-10 2001-02-27 Medacoustics, Inc. Acoustic sensor array for non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease
US6243599B1 (en) 1997-11-10 2001-06-05 Medacoustics, Inc. Methods, systems and computer program products for photogrammetric sensor position estimation
WO2000010462A1 (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-03-02 Medacoustics, Inc. Thin film piezoelectric polymer sensor
US6278890B1 (en) 1998-11-09 2001-08-21 Medacoustics, Inc. Non-invasive turbulent blood flow imaging system
CN1997243B (en) * 2005-12-31 2011-07-27 财团法人工业技术研究院 Pliable loudspeaker and its making method
US20100290660A1 (en) * 2008-02-08 2010-11-18 Temco Japan Co., Ltd. Vibration pickup microphone
WO2018104807A1 (en) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-14 Sateco Ag Button assemblies
US11025251B2 (en) * 2016-12-05 2021-06-01 Sateco Ag Button assemblies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2581496B1 (en) 1987-06-26
FR2581496A1 (en) 1986-11-07

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