EP0197000B1 - Element for realizing steep plant-accommodating slopes - Google Patents

Element for realizing steep plant-accommodating slopes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0197000B1
EP0197000B1 EP86810105A EP86810105A EP0197000B1 EP 0197000 B1 EP0197000 B1 EP 0197000B1 EP 86810105 A EP86810105 A EP 86810105A EP 86810105 A EP86810105 A EP 86810105A EP 0197000 B1 EP0197000 B1 EP 0197000B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bottom wall
wall
region
geotextile
steep slope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86810105A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0197000A1 (en
Inventor
Eugen Schwitter
Rudolf Rüegger
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Sentenza Di Nullita' Emessa Dal Tribunale fritz La
Original Assignee
Eberle Garten- und Tiefbau AG
Fritz Landolt AG
Rueegger Rudolf
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Application filed by Eberle Garten- und Tiefbau AG, Fritz Landolt AG, Rueegger Rudolf filed Critical Eberle Garten- und Tiefbau AG
Priority to AT86810105T priority Critical patent/ATE49787T1/en
Publication of EP0197000A1 publication Critical patent/EP0197000A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for creating steep slopes that can be planted according to the preamble of independent patent claim 1 and a method for creating a steep slope with such an arrangement.
  • US-A-4,117,686, FR-A-1 393 988 and US-A-3 686 873 have made known additional earth reinforcements which are invariably static and permanent and which do not permit full-surface greening.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the arrangement is thus intended to enable greening even in the hydropowering process, to be mowable by machine and to have a simple structure with low weight and small transport volume.
  • the support grids can be arranged in such a way that a flat or step-like slope is created, which can be planted and also managed mechanically.
  • the slatted frames can be degraded over the years (corrosion), after which the green soil, which has now been consolidated by the root system, takes over the securing and support of the embankment.
  • a suitable method for creating a steep slope results from claim 3.
  • the element 1 has a support grid 3, which consists of a flat end wall 3b and a bottom wall 3a and a top wall 3c.
  • the end wall 3b forms an angle with the bottom wall 3a, which as a rule can be greater than 40 ° and in the limit case 90 °.
  • the bottom wall 3a and the top wall 3c run approximately parallel to one another, the top wall 3c preferably being shorter than the bottom wall 3a.
  • the support grid 3 consists of a rigid grid 3, for example made of steel, with a mesh size of about 10 to 20 cm.
  • the grid 3 can be additionally reinforced with a suspended bracket 4.
  • the grid 3 is covered with an insert 5 made of a geotextile that can be grown.
  • Such geotextiles are generally known and consist of plastic or a natural material.
  • the insert 5 is fastened to the support grid 3 with a fastening means, not shown here, for example with clips.
  • top wall 3c in particular to facilitate the filling, is considerably shorter than the bottom wall 3a.
  • 3 to 6 show examples of steep slopes that can be created with elements 1 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 A simple example of a green steep slope 7 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the elements 1 are stacked in such a way that all end walls 3b lie in one plane, which results in a level and slip-proof steep slope that can be easily managed by machine.
  • a dam with green steep slopes is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the stability of the dam, as shown here, is guaranteed with the continuous reinforcement.
  • stepped embankments with bush inserts 8 can also be created by arranging the elements horizontally offset.
  • the reinforcing elements 6 ensure the stability of the slope, even in the horizontal areas.
  • FIG. 6 An example of a steep slope on a body of water with a lower stone or block throw up to the normal water level 9a and a green steep slope up to the high water level 9b is shown in FIG. 6.
  • Different elements can also be used to create a steep slope and these can be modified in a suitable manner, in particular in transition and termination areas.

Abstract

1. An arrangement for preparing a steep slope which can be grassed over, having a plurality of cage-like supporting lattices (3), each of which comprises a plane end wall (3b) and a plane bottom wall (3a) or top wall (3c) to be arranged horizontally, each supporting lattice (3) being lined, in the region of the end wall (3b) with an insert (5) of geotextile through which growth is possible, characterised in that the end walls (3b) are each inclined to the bottom wall (3a) according to the inclination of the steep slope, that a plurality of flat reinforcing elements (6) of a geotextile are provided, which are to be laid flat and horizontally and which are to be inserted in the material of the ground and each extend further into the earth than the bottom wall (3a) and are connected to a top or bottom wall (3a, 3c) by compression, and that the reinforcing elements (6) overlap the inserts (5) in the region of the bottom wall (3a) or the top wall (3c) and the inserts (5) are so dimensioned that they are adapted to be inserted in the material of the ground in the region of the bottom and top walls and that grassing over is provided in the region of the end walls (3b).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Erstellen begrünbarer Steilböschungen nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Steilböschung mit einer solchen Anordnung.The invention relates to an arrangement for creating steep slopes that can be planted according to the preamble of independent patent claim 1 and a method for creating a steep slope with such an arrangement.

Steilböschungen erlangen zunehmend dort an Bedeutung, wo es gilt, dem zunehmenden Verlust an Landschaftsraum entgegenzuwirken, ohne dass auf notwendige. Bauvorhaben verzichtet werden muss. So werden Autostrassen und Bahntrassen in Einschnitten und auf Schüttungen gebaut. Die Sicherung der Böschungen bei solchen Bauten ist mit den bekannten massiven Stütz- oder Futtermauem jedoch nicht nur teuer, sondern auch wenig umweltfreundlich. Um solche Mauern zu vermeiden, ist seit langem bekannt, dass der Boden als tragendes Material zu verwenden ist. Solche Massnahmen sind aber erst dann optimal, wenn ihre Sichtflächen begrünbar sind und die Bepflanzung in die Sicherung mit einbezogen werden kann.Steep slopes are becoming increasingly important wherever there is a need to counteract the increasing loss of landscape space without having to do so. Construction project must be waived. For example, car roads and railway lines are built in incisions and on fillings. Securing the embankments in such structures is not only expensive with the known solid support or lining walls, but also not very environmentally friendly. In order to avoid such walls, it has long been known that the floor should be used as a load-bearing material. Such measures are only optimal when their visible areas can be planted and the planting can be included in the security.

Durch die FR-A-2 303 121 ist eine Erdarmierung bekannt geworden, bei welcher Stützgitter als massgebende Bestandteile statisch und permanent die Zugkräfte im armierten Erdkörper aufnehmen. Eine eingelegte Matte dient dem Erosionsschutz und verhindert das Austreten und Ausschwemmen des Erdmaterials durch die Maschen des groben Stützgitters.From FR-A-2 303 121 an earth reinforcement has become known, in which support grids as the decisive components statically and permanently absorb the tensile forces in the reinforced earth body. An inserted mat serves to protect against erosion and prevents the earth material from escaping and flushing out through the mesh of the coarse support grid.

Durch die US-A-4,117,686, die FR-A-1 393 988 und die US-A-3 686 873 sind weitere Erdarmierungen bekannt geworden, die ausnahmslos statisch und permanent sind und die eine vollflächige Begrünung nicht ermöglichen.US-A-4,117,686, FR-A-1 393 988 and US-A-3 686 873 have made known additional earth reinforcements which are invariably static and permanent and which do not permit full-surface greening.

Ferner ist es durch die DE-A-2 053 891 bekannt, zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit eines künstlichen Bauwerkes aus Lochergestein diesem flexible Fäden beizumischen. Aus dem Gemisch von Lockergestein und Fäden werden höhenmässig voneinander getrennte Lagen gebildet.Furthermore, it is known from DE-A-2 053 891 to mix flexible threads with it to increase the strength of an artificial structure made of perforated rock. Layers separated from each other in terms of height are formed from the mixture of loose rock and threads.

Durch die CH-PS 566 452 ist bekannt, dass begrünbare Steilböschungen mit Geotextilien erstellt werden können. Nachteilig ist bei diesen jedoch, dass diese eine unregelmässige und verletzliche Oberfläche aufweisen und übersteile Böschungen gegen Erosion nicht geschützt sind.From CH-PS 566 452 it is known that green slopes can be created with geotextiles. The disadvantage of these, however, is that they have an irregular and vulnerable surface and excessive slopes are not protected against erosion.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten Art zu schaffen, welche die oben genannten Nachteile vermeidet. Die Anordnung soll somit eine Begrünung auch im Hydrosaatverfahren ermöglichen, maschinell mähbar sein und einen einfachen Aufbau bei geringem Gewicht und kleinem Transportvolumen aufweisen.The invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above. The arrangement is thus intended to enable greening even in the hydropowering process, to be mowable by machine and to have a simple structure with low weight and small transport volume.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gemäss Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the invention according to claim 1.

Mit dieser Anordnung können auch ohne den-Einsatz von Baumaschinen übersteile und sogar senkrechte Böschungen erstellt werden. Die Stützgitter lassen sich so anordnen, dass eine ebene oder stufenförmige Böschung entsteht, die bepflanzt und auch maschinell bewirtschaftet werden kann. Die Stüttzgitter können im Laufe der Jahre abgebaut (Korrosion) werden, wonach der begrünte und inzwischen durch das Wurzelwerk verfestigte Boden die Sicherung und Stützung der Böschung übernimmt.With this arrangement, excessive parts and even vertical embankments can be created without the use of construction machinery. The support grids can be arranged in such a way that a flat or step-like slope is created, which can be planted and also managed mechanically. The slatted frames can be degraded over the years (corrosion), after which the green soil, which has now been consolidated by the root system, takes over the securing and support of the embankment.

Zur Gewährleistung der Stützfunktion und der Stabilität sind mehrere horizontale Armierungselemente aus einem Geotextil vorgesehen, die in das Bodenmaterial einzubringen sind.To ensure the support function and stability, several horizontal reinforcement elements made of a geotextile are provided, which are to be inserted into the soil material.

Bei der Weiterbildung der Erfindung gemäss Anspruch 2 liegen die Stimwände mehrerer benachbarter Elemente in einer Ebene. Diese Anordnung zeichnet sich durch einen besonders einfach zu erstellenden Aufbau aus und ist maschinell besonders leicht zu bewirtschaften.In the development of the invention according to claim 2, the end walls of several adjacent elements lie in one plane. This arrangement is characterized by a particularly simple construction and is particularly easy to operate by machine.

Ein geeignetes Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Steilböschung ergibt sich aus Anspruch 3.A suitable method for creating a steep slope results from claim 3.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teils einer erfindungsgemässen Anordnung,
  • Fig. 2 ein Querschnitt durch eine Anordnung,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine Steilböschung,
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch einen Damm,
  • Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt durch eine gestufte Steilböschung und Buschwerkeinlage, und
  • Fig. 6 einen Querschnitt durch eine Steilböschung an einem Gewässer.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it :
  • 1 is a perspective view of part of an arrangement according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a cross section through an arrangement,
  • 3 shows a cross section through a steep slope,
  • 4 shows a cross section through a dam,
  • 5 shows a cross section through a stepped steep slope and bush plant insert, and
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross section through a steep slope on a body of water.

Wie die Fig. 1 zeigt, weist das Element 1 ein Stützgitter 3 auf, das aus einer ebenen Stimwand 3b sowie einer Bodenwand 3a und einer Deckenwand 3c besteht. Die Stimwand 3b bildet mit der Bodenwand 3a einen Winkel, der in der Regel grösser als 40° und im Grenzfall 90° sein kann. Die Bodenwand 3a und die Deckenwand 3c verlaufen etwa parallel zueinander, wobei die Deckenwand 3c vorzugsweise kürzer ist als die Bodenwand 3a. Das Stützgitter 3 besteht aus einem biegesteifen Gitter 3, beispielsweise aus Stahl, mit einer Maschenweite von etwa 10 bis 20 cm. Das Gitter 3 kann mit einem eingehängten Haltebügel 4 zusätzlich verstärkt sein.As FIG. 1 shows, the element 1 has a support grid 3, which consists of a flat end wall 3b and a bottom wall 3a and a top wall 3c. The end wall 3b forms an angle with the bottom wall 3a, which as a rule can be greater than 40 ° and in the limit case 90 °. The bottom wall 3a and the top wall 3c run approximately parallel to one another, the top wall 3c preferably being shorter than the bottom wall 3a. The support grid 3 consists of a rigid grid 3, for example made of steel, with a mesh size of about 10 to 20 cm. The grid 3 can be additionally reinforced with a suspended bracket 4.

Das Gitter 3 ist mit einer Einlage 5 aus einem durchwuchsfähigen Geotextil belegt. Solche Geotextilien sind allgemein bekannt und bestehen aus Kunststoff oder einem natürlichen Material. Die Einlage 5 ist mit einem hier nicht dargestellten Befestigungsmittel, beispielsweise mit Klammern, am Stützgitter 3 befestigt.The grid 3 is covered with an insert 5 made of a geotextile that can be grown. Such geotextiles are generally known and consist of plastic or a natural material. The insert 5 is fastened to the support grid 3 with a fastening means, not shown here, for example with clips.

Zwischen Bodenwand 3a und der Deckenwand 3c eines weiteren Elementes ist ein flaches Armierungselement 6, z. B. aus einem an sich bekannten Geotextil eingelegt, das in der Ebene der Deckenwand 3c liegt und das entsprechend seiner Funktion aus einem anderen Geotextil bestehen kann als dasjenige der Einlage 5.Between the bottom wall 3a and the top wall 3c of a further element there is a flat reinforcing element 6, e.g. B. inserted from a geotextile known per se, which lies in the plane of the ceiling wall 3c and which, depending on its function, may consist of a different geotextile than that of the insert 5.

Gut sichtbar ist, dass die Deckenwand 3c, namentlich zur Erleichterung der Verfüllung, wesentlich kürzer ist als die Bodenwand 3a.It is clearly visible that the top wall 3c, in particular to facilitate the filling, is considerably shorter than the bottom wall 3a.

Der Arbeitsablauf beim Erstellen einer Steilböschung soll anhand der Fig. 2 beispielhaft erläutert werden.The workflow when creating a steep slope will be explained by way of example with reference to FIG. 2.

In der vorbereitenden Phase wird ein Planum erstellt und auf diesem ein Geotextil ausgelegt, das eine Armierungsfunktion übernimmt. Nun werden Elemente 1' mit eingelegten Geotextilien auf den Boden gestellt und die Elemente mit Bodenmaterial gefüllt und dieses verdichtet. Dies wird mit weiteren Elementen 1" wiederholt, bis mit oberen Abschlusselementen 1'" die gewünschte Höhe der Böschung erreicht ist. Die Böschung kann nun mit Hilfe eines bekannten Hydrosaatverfahrens begrünt werden. Mit dem Aufbau der Böschung können gleichzeitig Buschlagen etc. eingebaut werden. Die Elemente 1 können selbstverständlich auch ohne nachträgliche Begrünung zum Erstellen von temporären Bauten, wie beispielsweise Baupisten und Schutzdämmen, verwendet werden.In the preparatory phase, a formation is created and a geotextile is laid on it, which takes on a reinforcement function. Now elements 1 'with inserted geotextiles are placed on the floor and the elements are filled with soil material and this is compacted. This is repeated with further elements 1 "until the desired height of the slope is reached with upper end elements 1 '". The embankment can now be greened using a known hydroseeding method. With the construction of the embankment, bush strikes etc. can be installed at the same time. The elements 1 can of course also be used without subsequent greening to create temporary buildings, such as building slopes and protective dams.

In den Fig. 3 bis 6 sind Beispiele von Steilböschungen dargestellt, die mit erfindungsgemässen Elementen 1 erstellt werden können.3 to 6 show examples of steep slopes that can be created with elements 1 according to the invention.

Ein einfaches Beispiel einer begrünten Steilböschung 7 ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Hier sind die Elemente 1 so gestapelt, dass alle Stimwände 3b in einer Ebene liegen, was eine ebene und abrutschsichere Steilböschung ergibt, die maschinell leicht bewirtschaftet werden kann.A simple example of a green steep slope 7 is shown in FIG. 3. Here the elements 1 are stacked in such a way that all end walls 3b lie in one plane, which results in a level and slip-proof steep slope that can be easily managed by machine.

Ein Damm mit begrünten Steilböschungen ist in der Fig. 4 dargestellt. Die Stabilität des Dammes ist, wie hier dargestellt, mit der durchgehenden Armierung gewährleistet.A dam with green steep slopes is shown in FIG. 4. The stability of the dam, as shown here, is guaranteed with the continuous reinforcement.

Wie Fig. 5 zeigt, können auch gestufte Böschungen mit Buschwerkeinlagen 8 erstellt werden, indem die Elemente horizontal versetzt angeordnet werden. Die Armierungselemente 6 gewährleisten die Stabilität der Böschung auch in den horizontalen Bereichen.As FIG. 5 shows, stepped embankments with bush inserts 8 can also be created by arranging the elements horizontally offset. The reinforcing elements 6 ensure the stability of the slope, even in the horizontal areas.

Ein Beispiel für eine Steilböschung an einem Gewässer mit unterem Stein- oder Blockwurf bis zum Normalwasserstand 9a und begrünter Steilböschung bis über den Hochwasserstand 9b ist in Fig. 6 dargestellt.An example of a steep slope on a body of water with a lower stone or block throw up to the normal water level 9a and a green steep slope up to the high water level 9b is shown in FIG. 6.

Zum Erstellen einer Steilböschung können auch unterschiedliche Elemente verwendet werden und diese können insbesondere in Uebergangs- und Abschlussbereichen in geeigneter Weise abgeändert sein.Different elements can also be used to create a steep slope and these can be modified in a suitable manner, in particular in transition and termination areas.

Claims (4)

1. An arrangement for preparing a steep slope which can be grassed over, having a plurality of cage-like supporting lattices (3), each of which comprises a plane end wall (3b) and a plane bottom wall (3a) or top wall (3c) to be arranged horizontally, each supporting lattice (3) being lined, in the region of the end wall (3b) with an insert (5) of geotextile through which growth is possible, characterised in that the end walls (3b) are each inclined to the bottom wall (3a) according to the inclination of the steep slope, that a plurality of flat reinforcing elements (6) of a geotextile are provided, which are to be laid flat and horizontally and which are to be inserted in the material of the ground and each extend further into the earth than the bottom wall (3a) and are connected to a top or bottom wall (3a, 3c) by compression, and that the reinforcing elements (6) overlap the inserts (5) in the region of the bottom wall (3a) or the top wall (3c) and the inserts (5) are so dimensioned that they are adapted to be inserted in the material of the ground in the region of the bottom and top walls and that grassing over is provided in the region of the end walls (3b).
2. An arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised in that the end walls (3b) of adjacent supporting lattices (3) lie in one plane.
3. A method of preparing a steep slope with an arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised by the following steps :
a) Preparing a formation level,
b) Laying out a geotextile (6) on this formation level,
c) Installing a supporting lattice (3) with an inserted geotextile (5) through which growth is possible,
d) Filling the supporting lattice (3) with earth material and compressing the earth material,
e) Preparing a further formation level and, if necessary, repetition of the steps a) to d) several times,
f) Grassing over the slope.
EP86810105A 1985-03-05 1986-03-03 Element for realizing steep plant-accommodating slopes Expired - Lifetime EP0197000B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86810105T ATE49787T1 (en) 1985-03-05 1986-03-03 ELEMENT FOR CREATING STEEP SLOPES THAT CAN BE PLANTED.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH990/85A CH666510A5 (en) 1985-03-05 1985-03-05 ARRANGEMENT FOR CREATING A GROUNDABLE STEEP SLOPE.
CH990/85 1985-03-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0197000A1 EP0197000A1 (en) 1986-10-08
EP0197000B1 true EP0197000B1 (en) 1990-01-24

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ID=4199897

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86810105A Expired - Lifetime EP0197000B1 (en) 1985-03-05 1986-03-03 Element for realizing steep plant-accommodating slopes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0197000B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE49787T1 (en)
CH (1) CH666510A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3668480D1 (en)
DK (1) DK163010C (en)

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ITBO20020596A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-20 Maccaferri Spa Off PERFECTED ELEMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF COATING, CONTAINMENT AND REINFORCEMENT STRUCTURES.
FR2943080B1 (en) 2009-03-13 2016-09-30 Inoxys S A ELEMENTS OF THE GABIONS TYPE FOR PRODUCING CONSTRUCTIONS SUCH AS WALLS, MERLONS OR THE LIKE
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RU171621U1 (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-06-07 ООО "ПСК Геодор" ELEMENT FOR GRAIN COVERING, RETAINING AND STRENGTHENING STRUCTURES

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DE3668480D1 (en) 1990-03-01
DK99286D0 (en) 1986-03-04
EP0197000A1 (en) 1986-10-08
ATE49787T1 (en) 1990-02-15
DK163010C (en) 1992-06-01
DK99286A (en) 1986-09-06
CH666510A5 (en) 1988-07-29
DK163010B (en) 1992-01-06

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