EP0170113A1 - Building block - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0170113A1
EP0170113A1 EP85108455A EP85108455A EP0170113A1 EP 0170113 A1 EP0170113 A1 EP 0170113A1 EP 85108455 A EP85108455 A EP 85108455A EP 85108455 A EP85108455 A EP 85108455A EP 0170113 A1 EP0170113 A1 EP 0170113A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
building blocks
holes
block
shaped
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Granted
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EP85108455A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0170113B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Rausch
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/36—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building block with a longitudinal beam and two transverse beams projecting from the ends thereof, e.g. a C-shaped building block.
  • Various types of exposed wall building blocks are known for various types of visible wall constructions, e.g. for fencing walls, noise or visual protection walls, embankment, support or terrace walls, rock cladding or the like.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a wall panel that can be used advantageously for several types of wall structures and is easy to manufacture.
  • a module as described at the beginning and known from FR-PS 1 265 140 is assumed.
  • the known building block can only be used as a paving stone, in particular for fortifying the bank, the crossbeams equipped with thickened heads fitting like a puzzle between each other and resulting in a particularly strong bond.
  • the known module cannot represent a model for the module according to the invention, which is laid in a completely different way and serves a completely different purpose.
  • the invention consists in that on at least one of the beams the vertical end face, which is vertical to the bearing surfaces, is designed as a visible surface with a relief.
  • the design of the outer end face with a relief enables the module to be used for wall constructions with an attractive appearance of the visible surface.
  • the shape of the building block according to the invention with longitudinal and transverse beams enables laying with gaps (grid wall) or in a tight bond.
  • the spaces between the beams can be filled with a wide variety of backfill materials, such as Concrete or earth, are filled and there is a toothing and a particularly strong bond between the building blocks and the backfill material due to the beams protruding into the backfill material.
  • the solderers of the block layers are aligned.
  • the holes on the slope can accommodate reinforcement bars to form a wall that can be subjected to bending and have a tensile zone on the slope and can be poured with concrete.
  • the holes on the air side can be omitted to form a pressure zone or filled with concrete without reinforcement.
  • anchoring or connecting rods can expediently be arranged in these, which extend into the body of the wall.
  • C-shaped building blocks are preferably used for cladding walls or for free-standing walls of greater thickness.
  • both sides of the wall are to be designed as a visible wall
  • the C-shaped building blocks are arranged on both sides of the wall.
  • Freestanding walls of smaller thickness e.g. Enclosure walls in which both sides of the wall are designed as visible sides are expediently constructed from H-shaped building blocks and earth as backfill material. If soil is used as backfill material, continuous earth pillars are formed, which can be greened even with smaller wall thicknesses.
  • the module according to the invention is preferably produced in three sizes; the width of the rectangular floor plan for the C-shaped stone (given in brackets below) is expediently about half that of the H-shaped stone.
  • the middle blocks also serve to manufacture cladding, more in the area of medium-sized objects such as pedestrian underpasses, exposed walls in building construction, but also for erecting free-standing walls.
  • the small building block is primarily designed for the home - garden area, it can sometimes be used to produce cladding for house bases, fencing masonry and the like, but also smaller embankment and terrace walls.
  • the building block shown in FIG. 1 consists of a longitudinal bar 1 and two transverse bars 2 protruding from its ends.
  • the outer end faces 5, which are vertical to the bearing surfaces 3, 4, are visible with a relief.
  • the relief consists of bearing surfaces 3, 4 in the direction perpendicular to the end faces 5 continuous recesses in the form of grooves 5 '.
  • the end faces 5 with the relief are convexly curved in their respective longitudinal directions. They also merge into one another via chamfered surfaces 5 ", which are formed in the shape of a flute.
  • the end faces 5 are chamfered at 5"'in the form of a flute.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 show a wall erected with building blocks according to FIG. 1 in a closed association and with backfill material 8, such as mortar or concrete.
  • backfill material 8 such as mortar or concrete.
  • the other bar, namely the cross bar 2 is surrounded by the backfill material 8.
  • the resulting interlocking between the building blocks and the backfill material gives the wall excellent strength.
  • a building object 9 is clad by the wall on the left in FIG.
  • Anchoring rods 10, which connect the building blocks to the clad building object 9, run through the holes 6 or in the grooves 7.
  • the building blocks form a free-standing wall together with the backfill material 8 (concrete), the building blocks also serving as formwork on one side.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show a wall formed with building blocks according to FIG. 1 and with any backfill material 8.
  • the building blocks are laid in a grid-like manner, ie only with the bearing surfaces 3, 4 of the crossbeams 2 one above the other, in an open bond.
  • the end face 5 of the longitudinal beam 1, designed as a visible surface forms the viewing plane of the wall.
  • the crossbar 2 is surrounded by the backfill material 8.
  • the holes 6 of the module layers are aligned and take up vertical connecting rods 11.
  • horizontal anchoring or connecting rods 12 are arranged in the grooves 7 of the modules lying one on top of the other.
  • the vertical and horizontal bars 11 and 12 can be connected to each other.
  • the horizontal anchoring or connecting rods 12 extend into the rock body 13.
  • the horizontal rods 12 connect the building blocks arranged on both sides of a free-standing wall.
  • Fig.6 a free-standing wall similar to Fig.4 is shown on the right.
  • the building blocks according to Figure 1 are laid on both sides of the wall in a closed bond.
  • FIG. 7 shows a pillar constructed from building blocks according to FIG. 1, which is formed all around with visible surfaces.
  • the building block shown in FIG. 8 has approximately the shape of two building blocks according to FIG. 1, which are juxtaposed with the vertical outer end faces 5 of the two longitudinal beams 1. Visible surfaces formed with a relief are only the outer end faces 5 of the crossbeams 2. The corresponding parts are identified in the same way in FIGS. 1 and 8. The main difference is the arrangement of the holes 6, which are provided here in the middle of the crossbar 2. In addition, the grooves extending transversely to the longitudinal beam 1 in the bearing surfaces 3, 4 of the H-shaped building block do not start from the holes 6 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 9 is bricked with building blocks laid in a closed structure according to FIG. 8, the end faces 5 designed as a visible surface forming the view plane of the wall.
  • the between the bars 1.2 of the building blocks remaining spaces are filled with backfill material 8 (concrete), which forms continuous columns.
  • the concrete columns are reinforced with connecting rods 11.
  • horizontal connecting rods 12 lie in the grooves 7 of the bearing surfaces 3, 4.
  • the building blocks according to FIG. 8 are laid in an open association in a grid-like manner.
  • the building blocks of successive layers only lie on one another with the bearing surfaces 3, 4 of the crossbeams 2.
  • the end faces 5 of the crossbeams 2, which are designed as visible surfaces, form the plane of the wall, interrupted by gaps.
  • the holes 6 of the individual layers of building blocks are aligned and take up vertical connecting rods 11.
  • the free spaces remaining between the building blocks are filled with earth as backfill material 8 and form continuous columns of earth.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 12 is a wall with an earth core that fills the spaces between the building blocks, similar to that described in connection with FIG. 10. There are, however, all components of a position inclined with its end face 5 at an angle of for example 45 0 to the wall plane, wherein the inclination angle from layer to layer 0 to 90 differs.
  • the holes 6 of the individual layers of building blocks are aligned and accommodate vertical connecting rods 11 (not visible in FIG. 12).
  • the earth's core forms continuous columns of earth.
  • the wall according to Fig. 12 has a particularly varied appearance, especially if it is planted.
  • Fig. 13 shows two C-shaped blocks with two - provided with notches or grooves - projections 1 ', the two modules can be placed together with their projections 1' to form an E-shaped block.
  • the building blocks shown in FIG. 14 have bars with end faces 5 curved in opposite directions.
  • the alternating arrangement of such building blocks gives the wall a more lively appearance. Arched walls are easier to build from such building blocks.
  • the holes arranged in the outer corner regions of the module are also designed as elongated holes 6 '.
  • the building block shown in Fig. 15 also has differently shaped end faces and is used to erect walls with varied designs.
  • Fig. 16 shows a C-shaped and an E-shaped building block, each in plan view.
  • the building blocks are aligned with their bearing surfaces in a row and reinforcement or connecting rods 11 are inserted into the aligned holes 6 and the holes 6 are potted with concrete.
  • the bars 11 of the - hatched - pressure zone serve primarily as an assembly aid and are weaker than the reinforcement bars 11 of the - hatched - tension zone. The latter can be biased.
  • Such beams can be subjected to bending and can be used as supports, columns or the like.
  • the wall shown in Fig. 17 is only reinforced on the slope side.
  • the holes 6 on the slope accommodate reinforcement bars 11 to form the wall which can be subjected to bending and have a tensile zone on the slope and are poured with concrete. Holes on the air side are not available or could be filled with concrete without reinforcement to form the pressure zone of the wall. The areas under pressure are shaded. In this way, very high walls can be built.

Abstract

1. Building block with a longitudinal member (1) and two transverse members (2) projecting from the ends thereof, e. g. a C or H- shaped building block, wherein end surfaces (5) perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4) of the building block are formed with a relief, characterized in that the relief in the end surfaces (5) is formed by recesses, e. g. grooves (5'), running through in the direction perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4), in that with a building block, formed as a C-shaped building block, both the outer end surfaces (5) of the transverse members (2) and also the outer face (5) of the longitudinal member (1) are formed with a relief and in that with an H-shaped building block, merely the outer end surfaces (5) of the building block directed away from the longitudinal member (1) and running substantially transverse thereto are provided with a relief, and in that holes (6) perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4) are provided in the building block for reinforcing or connecting bars (10, 11).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Baustein mit einem Längsbalken und von dessen Enden abstehenden zwei Querbalken, z.B. einen C-förmigen Baustein.The invention relates to a building block with a longitudinal beam and two transverse beams projecting from the ends thereof, e.g. a C-shaped building block.

Es sind verschiedenartige Sichtwandbausteine für verschiedenartige Sichtwandkonstruktionen bekannt, z.B., für Einfriedungswände, Lärm- oder Sichtschutzwände, Böschungs-, Stütz-oder Terrassenwände, Felsverkleidungen oder dgl.Various types of exposed wall building blocks are known for various types of visible wall constructions, e.g. for fencing walls, noise or visual protection walls, embankment, support or terrace walls, rock cladding or the like.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Sichtwandbaustein bereitzustellen, der für mehrere Arten von Wandkonstruktionen vorteilhaft einsetzbar und einfach herstellbar ist. Bei der Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ausgegangen von einem Baustein, wie er eingangs beschrieben und aus der FR-PS 1 265 140 bekannt ist. Der bekannte Baustein ist jedoch lediglich als Pflasterstein, insbesondere für die Uferbefestigung, einsetzbar, wobei die mit verdickten Köpfen ausgestatten Querbalken zwischen einander puzzleartig einpassen und einen besonders festen Verbund ergeben. Ein Vorbild für den erfindungsgemäßen Baustein, der ganz anders verlegt wird und einem ganz anderen Zweck dient, kann der bekannte Baustein nicht darstellen.The invention has for its object to provide a wall panel that can be used advantageously for several types of wall structures and is easy to manufacture. In solving this problem, a module as described at the beginning and known from FR-PS 1 265 140 is assumed. However, the known building block can only be used as a paving stone, in particular for fortifying the bank, the crossbeams equipped with thickened heads fitting like a puzzle between each other and resulting in a particularly strong bond. The known module cannot represent a model for the module according to the invention, which is laid in a completely different way and serves a completely different purpose.

Die Erfindung besteht bei einem Baustein der eingangs genannten Art darin, daß an mindestens einem der Balken die zu den Lagerflächen vertikale äußere Stirnfläche als Sichtfläche mit einem Relief ausgebildet ist. Die Ausbildung der äußeren Stirnfläche mit einem Relief ermöglicht den Einsatz des Bausteines für Wandkonstruktionen mit einem ansprechenden Aussehen der Sichtfläche. Die Form des erfindungsgemäßen Bausteines mit Längs- und Querbalken ermöglicht dabei ein Verlegen unter Freilassen von Lücken (Gitterwand) oder im dichten Verband. Die Freiräume zwischen den Balken können mit den verschiedensten Hinterfüllmaterialien, wie z.B. Beton oder Erde, gefüllt werden und es ergibt sich durch die in das Hinterfüllmaterial ragenden Balken eine Verzahnung und ein besonders fester Verbund zwischen den Bausteinen und dem Hinterfüllmaterial.In the case of a building block of the type mentioned at the outset, the invention consists in that on at least one of the beams the vertical end face, which is vertical to the bearing surfaces, is designed as a visible surface with a relief. The design of the outer end face with a relief enables the module to be used for wall constructions with an attractive appearance of the visible surface. The shape of the building block according to the invention with longitudinal and transverse beams enables laying with gaps (grid wall) or in a tight bond. The spaces between the beams can be filled with a wide variety of backfill materials, such as Concrete or earth, are filled and there is a toothing and a particularly strong bond between the building blocks and the backfill material due to the beams protruding into the backfill material.

Im Hinblick auf die verschiedenen Verlegungsmöglichkeiten und ein dabei in jedem Fall erzielbares besonders ansprechendes Aussehen sind die in den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 6 angeführten Merkmale von Vorteil.With regard to the various installation options and a particularly attractive appearance that can be achieved in any case, the features specified in claims 2 to 6 are advantageous.

Die im Patentanspruch 7 angführten Merkmale ermöglichen eine Vertikalbewehruig von Wänden und sind besonders beim Bau von Gitterwänden wichtig. Als Langlöcher ausgebildete Löcher für Bewehrungs - und Verbindungsstäbe ermöglichen den Bau bogenförmiger Wände. Rillen in den Lagerflächen der Bausteine dienen dem Einlegen von Stäben zur Eorizontalbewehrung.The features cited in claim 7 enable vertical reinforcement of walls and are particularly important in the construction of lattice walls. Holes designed as elongated holes for reinforcement and connecting rods enable the construction of arched walls. Grooves in the bearing surfaces of the blocks are used to insert bars for e-horizontal reinforcement.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht und umfaßt folgende Grundtypen von Wandkonstruktionen, die aus erfindungsgemäßen Bausteinen und gegebenenfalls Hinterfüllmaterial errichtet sind:

  • a) Wände, z.B. Verkleidungswände, gebildet aus Hinterfüllmaterial, z.B. Beton, Mörtel, Erde und Bausteinen. Die Bausteine sind mit ihren Lagerflächen aufeinander im geschlossenen Verband verlegt. Dabei bilden die als Sichtfläche ausgebildeten Stirnflächen der Längs- und der Querbalken die Sichtebene der Wand und ist der andere Balken vom Hinterfüllmaterial der Wand umgeben.
    • Für Verkleidungswände oder freistehende Wände größerer Dicke werden vorzugsweise C-förmige Bausteine verwendet.
    • Für massive Wände kleinerer Dicke mit Betonkern werden vorzugsweise H-förmige Bausteine verwendet, wobei die Freiräume zwischen den Balken mit Beton gefüllt sind. Beide Seiten der Wand können auf diese Weise einfach als Sichtwand gestaltet werden.
  • b) Wände, z.B. Verkleidungswände, gebildet aus Hinterfüllmaterial, insbesondere Erde und gitterartig verlegten Bausteinen. Die Bausteine sind lediglich mit den Lagerflächen der Querbalken aufeinander im offenen Verband verlegt. Dabei bilden die als Sichtfläche ausgebildeten Stirnflächen der Längs- oder der Querbalken die Sichtebene der Wand und ist der andere Balken vom Hinterfüllmaterial der Wand umgeben.
The invention enables and encompasses the following basic types of wall constructions which are constructed from building blocks according to the invention and, if appropriate, backfill material:
  • a) Walls, for example cladding walls, formed from backfill material, for example concrete, mortar, earth and building blocks. The blocks are laid with their storage areas on top of each other in a closed group. The end faces of the longitudinal and transverse beams, which are designed as visible surfaces, form the plane of the wall and the other beam is surrounded by the backfill material of the wall.
    • C-shaped building blocks are preferably used for cladding walls or free-standing walls of greater thickness.
    • For massive walls of smaller thickness with a concrete core, H-shaped building blocks are preferably used, the free spaces between the beams being filled with concrete. In this way, both sides of the wall can easily be designed as a visible wall.
  • b) walls, for example cladding walls, formed from backfill material, in particular earth and lattice-like building blocks. The building blocks are simply laid with the bearing surfaces of the crossbeams on top of each other in an open bond. The end faces of the longitudinal or transverse beams, which are designed as visible surfaces, form the plane of the wall and the other beam is surrounded by the backfill material of the wall.

Im Fall von zu den Lagerfläochen senkrechten Löchern der Bausteine fluchten die Löeher der Bausteinlagen. Die hangseitigen Löcher können zur Bildung einer auf Biegung beanspruchbaren Wand mit hangseitiger Zugzone Bewehrungsstäbe aufnehmen und mit Beton ausgegossen sein. Die luftseitigen Löcher können zur Bildung einer Druckzone entfallen oder ohne Bewehrung mit Beton verfüllt sein. Im Fall von an mindestens einer Lagerfläche angeordneten Rillen können in diesen zweckmäßig Verankerungs- bzw. Verbindungsstäbe angeordnet sein, die in den Körper der Wand reichen. Für Verkleidungswände oder für freistehende Wände grösserer Dicke werden vorzugsweise C-förmige Bausteine verwendet. Sollen beide Wandseiten als Sichtwand gestaltet werden, sind die C-förmigen Bausteine an beiden Seiten der Wand angeordnet. Freistehende Wände kleinerer Dicke, z.B. Einfriedungswände, bei denen beide Wandseiten als Sichtseiten gestaltet sind, werden zweckmäßig aus H-förmigen Bausteinen und Erde als Hinterfüllmaterial errichtet. Bei Verwendung von Erde als Hinterfüllmaterial bilden sich durchgehende Erdsäulen, die sich auch bei kleineren Wanddicken gut begrünen lassen.In the case of holes in the blocks that are perpendicular to the bearing surfaces, the solderers of the block layers are aligned. The holes on the slope can accommodate reinforcement bars to form a wall that can be subjected to bending and have a tensile zone on the slope and can be poured with concrete. The holes on the air side can be omitted to form a pressure zone or filled with concrete without reinforcement. In the case of grooves arranged on at least one bearing surface, anchoring or connecting rods can expediently be arranged in these, which extend into the body of the wall. C-shaped building blocks are preferably used for cladding walls or for free-standing walls of greater thickness. If both sides of the wall are to be designed as a visible wall, the C-shaped building blocks are arranged on both sides of the wall. Freestanding walls of smaller thickness, e.g. Enclosure walls in which both sides of the wall are designed as visible sides are expediently constructed from H-shaped building blocks and earth as backfill material. If soil is used as backfill material, continuous earth pillars are formed, which can be greened even with smaller wall thicknesses.

Im Rahmen der oben unter a) und b) beschriebenen Grunàtypen sind verschiedene Varianten der Verlegung möglich, von denen ein Teil weiter unten an Hand der Zeichnungen beschrieben ist.Within the framework of the Grunà types described above under a) and b), different variants of the laying are possible, some of which are described below with the aid of the drawings.

Der erfindungsgemäße Baustein wird vorzugsweise in drei Größen hergestellt; dabei ist zweckmäßig die (unten in Klammern angeführte) Breite des rechteckigen Grundrisses beim C-förmigen Stein etwa halb so groß wie beim H-förmigen Stein.The module according to the invention is preferably produced in three sizes; the width of the rectangular floor plan for the C-shaped stone (given in brackets below) is expediently about half that of the H-shaped stone.

Die Abmessungen können z.B. wie folgt sein:

  • Grundriß 32 x 24 (12) cm, Bauhöhe 11 cm
    • " 48 x 36 (18) cm, " 16 cm
    • " 96 x 72 (36) cm, " 24 cm
The dimensions can be as follows, for example:
  • Floor plan 32 x 24 (12) cm, height 11 cm
    • "48 x 36 (18) cm," 16 cm
    • "96 x 72 (36) cm," 24 cm

Mit Bausteinen dieser drei Dimensionen kann bei den genannten Wand-Grundtypen a) und b) allen Anforderungen entsprochen werden.With blocks of these three dimensions, all requirements can be met for the basic wall types a) and b) mentioned.

Es ist z.E. mit den großen Steinen möglich, schwere Verkleidungen für Betonwände von Architektur- oder Ingenieurbauten herzustellen, weiters z.B. gitterförmige Vorsatzwände von Stützmauern, aber auch freistehende Lärm- und Sichtschutzwände, Ufer- und Böschungswände und dgl. Die mittleren Bausteine dienen ebenfalls der Herstellung von Verkleidungen, eher im Bereich mittelgroßer Objekte wie etwa Fußgängerunterführungen, Sichtmauern im Hochbau, aber auch zur Errichtung freistehender Wände. Der kleine Baustein ist vor allem für den Bereich Haus - Garten konzipiert, mit ihm können z.E. Verkleidungen von Haussockeln, Einfriedungsmauerwerk und dgl. hergestellt werden, aber auch kleinere Böschungs- und Terassenwände.With the large stones, it is sometimes possible to manufacture heavy cladding for concrete walls of architectural or engineering structures, furthermore, for example, lattice-shaped facing walls of retaining walls, but also free-standing noise and privacy walls, bank and Embankment walls and the like. The middle blocks also serve to manufacture cladding, more in the area of medium-sized objects such as pedestrian underpasses, exposed walls in building construction, but also for erecting free-standing walls. The small building block is primarily designed for the home - garden area, it can sometimes be used to produce cladding for house bases, fencing masonry and the like, but also smaller embankment and terrace walls.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Darin zeigt bzw. zeigen

  • Fig.1 einen erfindungsgemäßen C-förmigen Baustein,
  • Fig.2,3 eine mit geschlossenen verlegten Bausteinen nach Fig.1 errichtete Wand in Grund- bzw. Aufriß,
  • Fig.4,5 eine mit gitterartig verlegten Bausteinen nach Fig.1 errichtete Wand in Grund- bzw. Aufriß,
  • Fig.6 eine mit Bausteinen nach Fig.1 errichtete Wand, deren beide Seiten als Sichtflächen gestaltet sind, im Grundriß,
  • Fig.7 einen mit Bausteinen nach Fig.1 errichteten Pfeiler im Grundriß,
  • Fig.8 einen erfindungsgemäßen. H-förmigen Baustein,
  • Fig.9 bis 11 jeweils verschiedene, aus Bausteinen nach Fig.8 errichtete Wände im Grundriß,
  • Fig.12 eine weitere Ausführungsform einer mit Bausteinen nach Fig.8 errichteten Wand in Schrägansicht,
  • Fig.13 zwei erfindungsgemäße C-förmige Bausteine, die zur Bildung eines H-förmigen Bausteins aneinander legbar sind,
  • Fig.14,15 andere Ausführungsformen von-H-förmigen - Bausteinen,
  • Fig.16 zwei aus erfindungsgemäßen Bausteinen gebildete Balken in Draufsicht und
  • Fig.17 eine Wand ähnlich Fig.10, jedoch mit einer lediglich hangseitigen Bewehrung.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. In it shows or show
  • 1 shows a C-shaped building block according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2, 3 shows a wall erected with closed installed building blocks according to Fig. 1 in plan or elevation,
  • Fig. 4.5 shows a wall with a grid-like building block according to Fig. 1 in plan or elevation,
  • 6 shows a wall constructed with building blocks according to FIG. 1, the two sides of which are designed as visible surfaces, in plan view,
  • 7 shows a pillar erected with building blocks according to FIG. 1,
  • 8 an inventive. H-shaped building block,
  • 9 to 11 each have different walls made of building blocks according to FIG. 8 in plan,
  • Fi g .12 another embodiment of a built with blocks according to Figure 8 the wall in an oblique view,
  • 13 two C-shaped building blocks according to the invention, which can be placed against one another to form an H-shaped building block,
  • 14, 15 other embodiments of H-shaped building blocks,
  • Fig.16 two beams formed from building blocks according to the invention in plan view and
  • Fig. 17 a wall similar to Fig. 10, but with only reinforcement on the slope side.

Der in Fig.1 gezeigte Baustein besteht aus einem Längsbalken 1 und aus zwei von dessen Enden abstehenden Querbalken 2. An allen Balken.1,2 des C-förmigen Bausteines sind die zu den Lagerflächen 3,4 vertikalen, äußeren Stirnflächen 5 als Sichtflächen mit einem Relief ausgebildet. Das Relief besteht aus in den Stirnflächen 5 in Richtung senkrecht zunden Lagerflächen 3,4 durchlaufenden Ausnehmungen in Form von Rillen 5'. Die Stirnflächen 5 mit dem Relief sind konvex in ihrer jeweiligen Längsrichtung gewölbt. Sie gehen außerdem über abgeschrägte Flachen 5" , die hohlkehlenförmig ausgebildet sind, ineinander über. An der Schnittkante mit der oberen Lagerfläche 3 sind die Stirnflächen 5 bei 5"' hohlkehlenförmig abgeschrägt.The building block shown in FIG. 1 consists of a longitudinal bar 1 and two transverse bars 2 protruding from its ends. On all bars 1, 2 of the C-shaped building block, the outer end faces 5, which are vertical to the bearing surfaces 3, 4, are visible with a relief. The relief consists of bearing surfaces 3, 4 in the direction perpendicular to the end faces 5 continuous recesses in the form of grooves 5 '. The end faces 5 with the relief are convexly curved in their respective longitudinal directions. They also merge into one another via chamfered surfaces 5 ", which are formed in the shape of a flute. At the cut edge with the upper bearing surface 3, the end faces 5 are chamfered at 5"'in the form of a flute.

Im Baustein nach Fig.1 sind im übrigen zu den Lagerflächen 3,4 senkrechte Löcher 6 an den Schnittpunkten der Balken 1,2 angeordnet. An beiden Lagerflächen 3,4 sind außerdem Rillen 7 quer zum Längsbalken 1 ausgenommen, wobei die Rillen 7 von den Löchern 6 ausgehend bis zum Ende des Querbalkens 2 verlaufen. In die Löcher 6 und Rillen 7 können Verbindungs- bzw. Verankerungsstäbe für die vertikale bzw. horizontale Bewehrung eingesetzt bzw. eingelegt werden, wie weiter unten noch näher erläutert wird.In the module according to FIG. 1, there are, moreover, holes 6 perpendicular to the bearing surfaces 3, 4 at the intersections of the beams 1, 2 . On both bearing surfaces 3, 4, grooves 7 are also excluded transversely to the longitudinal beam 1, the grooves 7 extending from the holes 6 to the end of the cross beam 2. Connecting or anchoring bars for the vertical or horizontal reinforcement can be inserted or inserted into the holes 6 and grooves 7, as will be explained in more detail below.

Die Fig.2 und 3 zeigen eine mit Bausteinen nach Fig.1 in geschlossenem Verband sowie mit Hinterfüllmaterial 8, wie Mörtel bzw. Beton, errichtete Wand. Die als Sichtfläche ausgebildete Stirnfläche 5 eines der Balken 1,2, nämlich des Längsbalkens 1, bildet die Sichtebene der Wand. Der andere Balken, nämlich der Querbalken 2, ist vom Hinterfüllmaterial 8 umgeben. Die dadurch gegebene Verzahnung zwischen den Bausteinen und dem Hinterfüllmaterial verleiht der Wand eine ausgezeichnete Festigkeit. Links in Fig.2 wird durch die Wand ein Bauobjekt 9 verkleidet. Durch die Löcher 6 bzw. in den Rillen 7 verlaufen Verankerungsstäbe 10, welche die Bausteine mit dem verkleideten Bauobjekt 9 verbinden. Rechts in Fig.2 bilden die Bausteine gemeinsam mit dem Hinterfüllmaterial 8 (Beton) eine freistehende Wand, wobei die Bausteine an einer Seite auch als Schalung dienen.2 and 3 show a wall erected with building blocks according to FIG. 1 in a closed association and with backfill material 8, such as mortar or concrete. The end face 5 of one of the beams 1, 2, namely the longitudinal beam 1, formed as a visible surface, forms the visible plane of the wall. The other bar, namely the cross bar 2, is surrounded by the backfill material 8. The resulting interlocking between the building blocks and the backfill material gives the wall excellent strength. A building object 9 is clad by the wall on the left in FIG. Anchoring rods 10, which connect the building blocks to the clad building object 9, run through the holes 6 or in the grooves 7. On the right in FIG. 2, the building blocks form a free-standing wall together with the backfill material 8 (concrete), the building blocks also serving as formwork on one side.

Die Fig.4 und 5 zeigen eine mit Bausteinen nach Fig.1 sowie mit beliebigem Hinterfüllmaterial 8 gebildete Wand. Dabei sind die Bausteine gitterartig, d.h. nur mit den Lagerflächen 3,4 der Querbalken 2 aufeinander, im offenen Verband verlegt. Die als Sichtfläche ausgebildete Stirnfläche 5 des Längsbalkens 1 bildet die Sichtebene der Wand. Es sind aber auch die ebenso als Sichtflächen ausgebildeten äußeren Stirnflächen 5 der Querbalken 2 infolge der in der Sichtebene freibleibenden Lücken sichtbar. Der Querbalken 2 ist vom Hinterfüllmaterial 8 umgeben. Die Löcher 6 der Bausteinlagen fluchten und nehmen senkrechte Verbindungsstäbe 11 auf. In den Rillen 7 der jeweils aufeinander liegenden Bausteine sind außerdem horizontale Verankerungs- bzw. Verbindungsstäbe 12 angeordnet. Die senkrechten und die horizontalen Stäbe 11 bzw. 12 können miteinander verbunden sein. In Fig.4 links, wo eine Felsverkleidung dargestellt ist, reichen die horizontalen Verankerungs- bzw. Verbindungsstäbe 12 in den Felskörper 13. In Fig.4 rechts verbinden die horizontalen Stäbe 12 die an beiden Seiten einer freistehenden Wand angeordneten Bausteine.4 and 5 show a wall formed with building blocks according to FIG. 1 and with any backfill material 8. The building blocks are laid in a grid-like manner, ie only with the bearing surfaces 3, 4 of the crossbeams 2 one above the other, in an open bond. The end face 5 of the longitudinal beam 1, designed as a visible surface, forms the viewing plane of the wall. However, it is also the outer end faces 5 of the crossbeams 2, which are also designed as visible surfaces, as a result of those remaining free in the viewing plane Gaps visible. The crossbar 2 is surrounded by the backfill material 8. The holes 6 of the module layers are aligned and take up vertical connecting rods 11. In addition, horizontal anchoring or connecting rods 12 are arranged in the grooves 7 of the modules lying one on top of the other. The vertical and horizontal bars 11 and 12 can be connected to each other. In Figure 4 on the left, where a rock cladding is shown, the horizontal anchoring or connecting rods 12 extend into the rock body 13. In Figure 4 on the right, the horizontal rods 12 connect the building blocks arranged on both sides of a free-standing wall.

In Fig.6 ist eine freistehende Wand ähnlich Fig.4 rechts dargestellt. Zum Unterschied von Fig.4 rechts sind die Bausteine nach Fig.1 an den beiden Seiten der Wand jedoch im geschlossenen Verband verlegt.In Fig.6 a free-standing wall similar to Fig.4 is shown on the right. In contrast to Figure 4 on the right, the building blocks according to Figure 1 are laid on both sides of the wall in a closed bond.

Fig.7 zeigt einen aus Bausteinen nach Fig.1 errichteten Pfeiler, der rundum mit Sichtflächen ausgebildet ist.7 shows a pillar constructed from building blocks according to FIG. 1, which is formed all around with visible surfaces.

Der in Fig.8 gezeigte Baustein hat etwa die Form von zwei Bausteinen nach Fig.1, die mit den vertikalen äußeren Stirnflächen 5 der beiden Längsbalken 1 aneinandergelegt sind. Mit einem Relief ausgebildete Sichtflächen sind nur die äußeren Stirnflächen 5 der Querbalken 2. Die einander entsprechenden Teile sind in den Fig.1 und 8 gleich bezeichnet. Unterschiedlich ist vor allem die Anordnung der Löcher 6, die hier jeweils in der Mitte des Querbalkens 2 vorgesehen sind. Außerdem gehen die quer zum Längsbalken 1 verlaufenden Rillen in den Lagerflächen 3,4 des H-förmigen Bausteines beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel nicht von den Löchern 6 aus.The building block shown in FIG. 8 has approximately the shape of two building blocks according to FIG. 1, which are juxtaposed with the vertical outer end faces 5 of the two longitudinal beams 1. Visible surfaces formed with a relief are only the outer end faces 5 of the crossbeams 2. The corresponding parts are identified in the same way in FIGS. 1 and 8. The main difference is the arrangement of the holes 6, which are provided here in the middle of the crossbar 2. In addition, the grooves extending transversely to the longitudinal beam 1 in the bearing surfaces 3, 4 of the H-shaped building block do not start from the holes 6 in the exemplary embodiment shown.

Die in Fig.9 gezeigte Wand ist mit im geschlossenen Verband verlegten Bausteinen nach Fig.8 gemauert, wobei die als Sichtfläche ausgebildeten Stirnflächen 5 die Sichtebene der Wand bilden. Auf der in Fig.9 sichtbaren ersten Lage von Bausteinen liegt, wie üblich um die Länge eines Querbalkens 2 versetzt, eine zweite Lage von Bausteinen usw. Die zwischen den Balken 1,2 der Bausteine verbleibenden Freiräume sind mit Hinterfüllmaterial 8 (Beton) gefüllt, das durchgehende Säulen bildet. Die Säulen aus Beton sind mit Verbindungsstäben 11 bewehrt. Außerdem liegen in den Rillen 7 der Lagerflächen 3,4 horizontale Verbindungsstäbe 12.The wall shown in FIG. 9 is bricked with building blocks laid in a closed structure according to FIG. 8, the end faces 5 designed as a visible surface forming the view plane of the wall. On the first layer of building blocks visible in FIG. 9 there is, as usual offset by the length of a crossbar 2, a second layer of building blocks etc. The between the bars 1.2 of the building blocks remaining spaces are filled with backfill material 8 (concrete), which forms continuous columns. The concrete columns are reinforced with connecting rods 11. In addition, horizontal connecting rods 12 lie in the grooves 7 of the bearing surfaces 3, 4.

Bei der in Fig.10 gezeigten Wand sind die Bausteine nach Fig.8 gitterartig in offenem Verband verlegt. Dabei liegen die Bausteine einander folgender Lagen lediglich mit den Lagerflächen 3,4 der Querbalken 2 aufeinander. Die als Sichtflächen ausgebildeten Stirnflächen 5 der Querbalken 2 bilden die - von Lücken unterbrochene - Sichtebene der Wand. Die Löcher 6 der einzelnen Lagen von Bausteinen fluchten und nehmen senkrechte Verbindungsstäbe 11 auf. Die zwischen den Bausteinen verbleibenden Freiräume sind mit Erde als Hinterfüllmaterial 8 gefüllt und bilden durchgehende Erdsäulen.In the wall shown in FIG. 10, the building blocks according to FIG. 8 are laid in an open association in a grid-like manner. The building blocks of successive layers only lie on one another with the bearing surfaces 3, 4 of the crossbeams 2. The end faces 5 of the crossbeams 2, which are designed as visible surfaces, form the plane of the wall, interrupted by gaps. The holes 6 of the individual layers of building blocks are aligned and take up vertical connecting rods 11. The free spaces remaining between the building blocks are filled with earth as backfill material 8 and form continuous columns of earth.

Bei der in Fig.11 gezeigten Wand schließt an eine Wand, wie sie in Fig.10 gezeigt ist, unmittelbar eine weitere solche Wand an. Die Bausteine der beiden Wände hintergreifen einander mit ihren Querbalken 2.In the wall shown in FIG. 11, another such wall immediately adjoins a wall as shown in FIG. The building blocks of the two walls reach behind each other with their crossbeams 2.

Die in Fig.12 gezeigte Wand ist eine Wand mit einem Erdkern, der die Zwischenräume zwischen den Bausteinen füllt, ähnlich wie sie im Zusammenhang mit Fig.10 beschrieben worden ist. Es sind jedoch alle Bausteine einer Lage mit ihrer Stirnfläche 5 im Winkel von z.B. 450 zur Wandebene geneigt, wobei der Neigungswinkel von Lage zu Lage um 900 differiert. Die Löcher 6 der einzelnen Lagen von Bausteinen fluchten und nehmen (in Fig.12 nicht sichtbare) vertikale Verbindungsstäbe 11 auf. Auch hier bildet der Erdkern durchgehende Erdsäulen. Die Wand nach Fig.12 hat ein besonders abwechslungsreiches Aussehen, besonders wenn sie bepflanzt ist.The wall shown in FIG. 12 is a wall with an earth core that fills the spaces between the building blocks, similar to that described in connection with FIG. 10. There are, however, all components of a position inclined with its end face 5 at an angle of for example 45 0 to the wall plane, wherein the inclination angle from layer to layer 0 to 90 differs. The holes 6 of the individual layers of building blocks are aligned and accommodate vertical connecting rods 11 (not visible in FIG. 12). Here, too, the earth's core forms continuous columns of earth. The wall according to Fig. 12 has a particularly varied appearance, especially if it is planted.

Fig.13 zeigt zwei C-förmige Bausteine mit zwei - mit Kerben bzw. Rillen versehenen - Vorsprüngen 1', wobei die beiden Bausteine wahlweise zur Bildung eines E-förmigen Bausteins mit ihren Vorsprüngen 1' aneinander gelegt werden können.Fig. 13 shows two C-shaped blocks with two - provided with notches or grooves - projections 1 ', the two modules can be placed together with their projections 1' to form an E-shaped block.

Die in Fig.14 dargestellten Bausteine haben Balken mit in entgegengesetzten Richtungen gewölbten Stirnflächen 5. Durch die abwechselnde Anordnung solcher Bausteine erhält die Wand ein lebhafteres Aussehen. Bogenförmige Wände lassen sich aus solchen Bausteinen leichter errichten. Aus demselben Grund sind überdies die in den äußeren Eckbereichen des Bausteins angeordneten Löcher als Langlöcher 6' ausgebildet.The building blocks shown in FIG. 14 have bars with end faces 5 curved in opposite directions. The alternating arrangement of such building blocks gives the wall a more lively appearance. Arched walls are easier to build from such building blocks. For the same reason, the holes arranged in the outer corner regions of the module are also designed as elongated holes 6 '.

Auch der in Fig.15 gezeigte Baustein hat verschieden ausgebildete Stirnflächen und dient der Errichtung von abwechslungsreich gestalteten Wänden.The building block shown in Fig. 15 also has differently shaped end faces and is used to erect walls with varied designs.

Fig.16 zeigt einen aus C-förmigen und einen aus E.-förmigen Bausteinen gebildeten Balken, jeweils in Draufsicht. Die Bausteine sind fluchtend mit ihren Lagerflächen in einer Reihe aneinandergelegt und in die fluchtenden Löcher 6 sind Bewehrungs- bzw. Verbindungsstäbe 11 eingesetzt und die Löcher 6 mit Beton vergossen. Die Stäbe 11 der - schraffierten - Druckzone dienen vor allem als Montagehilfe und sind schwächer als die Bewehrungsstäbe 11 der - unschraffierten - Zugzone. Letztere können vorgespannt werden. Solche Balken sind auf Biegung beanspruchbar und können als Träger, Säulen oder dgl. verwendet werden.Fig. 16 shows a C-shaped and an E-shaped building block, each in plan view. The building blocks are aligned with their bearing surfaces in a row and reinforcement or connecting rods 11 are inserted into the aligned holes 6 and the holes 6 are potted with concrete. The bars 11 of the - hatched - pressure zone serve primarily as an assembly aid and are weaker than the reinforcement bars 11 of the - hatched - tension zone. The latter can be biased. Such beams can be subjected to bending and can be used as supports, columns or the like.

Die in Fig.17 dargestellte Wand ist lediglich hangseitig bewehrt. Die hangseitigen Löcher 6 nehmen zur Bildung der auf Biegung beanspruchbaren Wand mit hangseitiger Zugzone Bewehrungsstäbe 11 auf und sind mit Beton ausgegossen. Luftseitige Löcher sind nicht vorhanden bzw. könnten ohne Bewehrung mit Beton verfüllt sein, um die Druckzone der Wand zu bilden. Die auf Druck beanspruchten Bereiche sind schraffiert eingezeichnet. Auf diese Weise können sehr hohe Wände errichtet werden.The wall shown in Fig. 17 is only reinforced on the slope side. The holes 6 on the slope accommodate reinforcement bars 11 to form the wall which can be subjected to bending and have a tensile zone on the slope and are poured with concrete. Holes on the air side are not available or could be filled with concrete without reinforcement to form the pressure zone of the wall. The areas under pressure are shaded. In this way, very high walls can be built.

Claims (11)

1. Baustein mit einem Längsbalken und von dessen Enden abstehenden zwei Querbalken, z.B. C-förmiger Baustein, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß an mindestens einem der Balken (1,2) die zu den Lagerflächen (3,4) vertikale äußere Stirnfläche (5) als Sichtfläche mit einem Relief ausgebildet ist.1.Building block with a longitudinal beam and two crossbeams protruding from its ends, e.g. C-shaped block, characterized in that on at least one of the beams (1, 2) the outer end face (5) vertical to the bearing faces (3, 4) is designed as a visible face with a relief. 2. Baustein nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß an allen Balken (1,2) eines C-förmigen Bausteines die äußeren Stirnflächen (5) als Sichtflächen mit einem Relief ausgebildet sind.2. Module according to claim 1 or 2, character- ized in that the outer end faces (5) are designed as visible surfaces with a relief on all beams (1,2) of a C-shaped block. 3. Baustein nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß die Stirnfläche (5) in Richtung senkrecht zu den Lagerflächen (3,4) durchlaufende Ausnehmungen, z.B. Rillen (5'), aufweist.3. Module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end face (5) in the direction perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4) continuous recesses, e.g. Grooves (5 '). 4. Baustein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch geknnzeichnet, daß die Stirnfläche (5) mindestens eines der Balken (1,2) konvex in der Längsrichtung gewölbt ist, wobei der gegenüber angeordnete Balken (2) gegebenenfalls konkav in der Längsrichtung gewölbt ist.4. Module according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the end face (5) of at least one of the beams (1, 2) is convexly curved in the longitudinal direction, the opposite beam (2) optionally being concave in the longitudinal direction is. 5. Baustein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei menreren als Sichtfläche mit einem Relief ausgebildeten Stirnflächen (5) diese über abgeschrägte Flächen (5"), die gegebenenfalls hohlkehlenförmig ausgebildet sind, ineinander übergehen.5. Building block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in menreren as a visible surface with a relief formed end faces (5) these over bevelled surfaces (5 "), which may be hollow-shaped, merge into one another. 6. Baustein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stirnfläche (5) an der Schnittkante mit der oberen und/oder unteren Lagerfläche (3,4), gegebenenfalls hohlkehlenförmig, abgeschrägt ist (5"').6. Block according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the end face (5) on the cutting edge with the upper and / or lower bearing surface (3, 4), optionally in the shape of a groove, is chamfered (5 "'). 7. Baustein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem Baustein mit zu den Lagerflächen (3,4) senkrechten Löchern (6) für Bewehrungs- oder Verbindungsstäbe (11) die Löcher (6) in den äußeren Eckbereichen des Bausteines angeordnet und gegebenenfalls als Langlöcher (6') ausgebildet sind.7. Block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in a block with the bearing surfaces (3,4) perpendicular holes (6) for reinforcement or connecting rods (11), the holes (6) in the outer corner areas of the block are arranged and optionally formed as elongated holes (6 '). 8. Baustein nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der vertikalen äußeren Stirnfläche (5) eines C-förmigen Bausteines zwei Vorsprünge (1') angeordnet sind, so daß zwei C-förmige Bau- steine zur Bildung eines H-förmigen Bausteines mit den VorSprüngen (1') aneinander anlegbar sind.8. Block according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that on the vertical outer end face (5) of a C-shaped block two projections (1 ') are arranged so that two C-shaped blocks to form an H -shaped building blocks with the projections (1 ') can be placed against each other. 9. Wand, z.B. Verkleidungswand, gebildet aus Hinterfüllmaterial, z.B. Beton, Mörtel, Erde und Bausteinen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Bausteine aufeinander im geschlossenen Verband verlegt sind, wobei die als Sichtflächen ausgebildeten Stirnflächen der Längs- (1) oder der Querbalken (2) die Sichtebene der Wand bilden und der andere Balken (2 bzw.1) vom Hinterfüllmaterial (8) der Wand umgeben ist.9. wall, e.g. Cladding wall formed from backfill material, e.g. Concrete, mortar, earth and building blocks according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the building blocks are laid one on top of the other in a closed structure, the end faces of the longitudinal (1) or transverse beams (2) being the visible surfaces being the viewing plane form the wall and the other bar (2 or 1) is surrounded by the backfill material (8) of the wall. 10. Wand, z.B. Verkleidungswand, gebildet aus Hinterfüllmaterial, insbesondere Erde, und Bausteinen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeich- n e t , daß die Bausteine lediglich mit den Auflagerflächen (3,4) der Querbalken (2) aufeinander im offenen Verband verlegt sind, wobei die als Sichtflächen ausgebildeten Stirnflächen (5) der Längs-(1) oder der Querbalken (2) die Sichtebene der Wand bilden und der andere Balken (2 bzw. 1) vom Hinterfüllmaterial (8) der Wand umgeben ist und wo- bei im Fall von zu den Lagerflächen (3,4) senkrechten Löchern (6) der Bausteine die Löcher(6) der Eausteinlagen fluchten und die hangseitigen Löcher (6) zur Bildung einer auf Biegung beanspruchbaren Wand mit hangseitiger Zugzone Bewehrungs- oder Verbindungsstäbe (11) aufnehmen und mit Beton ausgegossen sein können, wogegen die luftseitigen Löcher (6') zur Bildung einer Druckzone entfallen können oder ohne Bewehrung mit Beton verfüllt sind und im Fall von an mindestens einer Lagerfläche (3,4) angeordneten Rillen (7) in diesen gegebenenfalls Verankerungs- bzw. Verbindungzstäbe (12) angeordnet sind, die in den Körper der Wand reichen. 1 0. wall, for example cladding wall, formed from backfill material, in particular earth, and building blocks according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the building blocks only with the support surfaces (3, 4) of the crossbeams (2) in the open Bandage are laid, the end faces (5) of the longitudinal (1) or crossbar (2), which are designed as visible surfaces, form the viewing plane of the wall and the other bar (2 or 1) is surrounded by the backfill material (8) of the wall and whereby in the case of holes (6) of the building blocks perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4), the holes (6) of the mounting inserts are aligned and the holes (6) on the slope to form a wall with a tensile zone on the slope and reinforcing or connecting rods (11) and can be poured with concrete, whereas the air-side holes (6 ') can be omitted to form a pressure zone or filled with concrete without reinforcement and in the case of at least one bearing surface (3,4) rdneten grooves (7) in these anchoring or Ver binding rods (12) are arranged which extend into the body of the wall. 11. Balken, gebildet aus Bausteinen nach Anspruch 7, da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bausteine zur Bildung des Balkens fluchtend mit ihren Lagerflächen (3,4) in einer Reihe aneinandergelegt und in die fluchtenden Löcher (6) Bewehrungs- bzw. Verbindungsstäbe (11) eingesetzt und die Löcher (6) mit Beton vergossen sind, wobei die Zugzone des Balkens - mit gegebenenfalls vorgespannten Stäben (11) - stärker bewehrt werden kann.11. Beam, formed from building blocks according to claim 7, characterized in that the building blocks to form the beam aligned with their bearing surfaces (3,4) in a row and in the aligned holes (6) reinforcement or connecting rods ( 11) are used and the holes (6) are potted with concrete, whereby the tensile zone of the beam - with prestressed bars (11) if necessary - can be reinforced.
EP85108455A 1984-07-23 1985-07-08 Building block Expired EP0170113B1 (en)

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AT236484 1984-07-23

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US5879603A (en) 1996-11-08 1999-03-09 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Process for producing masonry block with roughened surface
US6029943A (en) 1996-11-08 2000-02-29 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Splitting technique
USD445512S1 (en) 1997-10-27 2001-07-24 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Retaining wall block
DE102014104319A1 (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-10-01 Michael Kellerer Insulating brick for a multi-layered wall, multi-layered wall provided therewith, and a building formed therefrom, and method for creating a multi-layered wall

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FR1021666A (en) * 1950-07-05 1953-02-23 prefabricated formwork element
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US1367497A (en) * 1919-12-17 1921-02-01 Vara I Pace Building-block
US1485007A (en) * 1922-03-31 1924-02-26 William A Zahn Building block
US1676385A (en) * 1928-01-11 1928-07-10 American Vitrified Products Co Structural block
GB559392A (en) * 1942-04-27 1944-02-17 Frank George Saunders Improvements in or relating to building construction
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Cited By (19)

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EP0281625A1 (en) * 1986-09-15 1988-09-14 Paul J Forsberg Wall and block therefor.
EP0281625A4 (en) * 1986-09-15 1989-01-18 Paul J Forsberg Wall and block therefor.
US4914876A (en) * 1986-09-15 1990-04-10 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. Retaining wall with flexible mechanical soil stabilizing sheet
USRE34314E (en) * 1986-09-15 1993-07-20 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. Block wall
USRE37278E1 (en) 1986-09-15 2001-07-17 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems Retaining wall block
US5294216A (en) * 1989-09-28 1994-03-15 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Composite masonry block
US5624211A (en) * 1993-03-31 1997-04-29 Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal Modular block retaining wall construction and components
US5507599A (en) * 1993-03-31 1996-04-16 Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal Modular block retaining wall construction and components
US5487623A (en) * 1993-03-31 1996-01-30 Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal Modular block retaining wall construction and components
US5474405A (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-12-12 Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal Low elevation wall construction
US7328537B2 (en) 2001-10-18 2008-02-12 Westblock Systems, Inc. Wall block, system and method
US7591447B2 (en) 2001-10-18 2009-09-22 Westblock Systems, Inc. Wall block, system and mold for making the same
GB2411412A (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-08-31 John Dalrymple Construction block having two parts at right angles
GB2411412B (en) * 2004-02-26 2009-06-03 John Dalrymple Building construction using unitary construction block
WO2010108176A2 (en) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Northeast Solite Corporation Solar/stud block
WO2010108176A3 (en) * 2009-03-20 2011-01-13 Northeast Solite Corporation Solar/stud block
USD668792S1 (en) 2011-03-11 2012-10-09 Westblock Development, LLC Wall block
US8667759B2 (en) 2011-03-14 2014-03-11 Westblock Systems, Inc. Wall block system
USD665928S1 (en) 2011-06-21 2012-08-21 Westblock Development, LLC Wall block

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ATE37578T1 (en) 1988-10-15
EP0170113B1 (en) 1988-09-28
DE3565296D1 (en) 1988-11-03

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