EP0133567A2 - A method of polling and a communication system for ascertaining service needs - Google Patents

A method of polling and a communication system for ascertaining service needs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0133567A2
EP0133567A2 EP84109357A EP84109357A EP0133567A2 EP 0133567 A2 EP0133567 A2 EP 0133567A2 EP 84109357 A EP84109357 A EP 84109357A EP 84109357 A EP84109357 A EP 84109357A EP 0133567 A2 EP0133567 A2 EP 0133567A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
masterstation
operating
operating station
station
service
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EP84109357A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0133567B1 (en
EP0133567A3 (en
Inventor
An Wang
Gary N. Stapleford
Richard W. Neiss
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Wang Laboratories Inc
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Wang Laboratories Inc
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Publication of EP0133567A3 publication Critical patent/EP0133567A3/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/36—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system
    • G06F13/368—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system with decentralised access control
    • G06F13/372—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to common bus or bus system with decentralised access control using a time-dependent priority, e.g. individually loaded time counters or time slot
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to managing communication systems, and in particular to method and apparatus enabling a master control station to ascertain which of a number of operating stations using a common communication channel need service from the channel.
  • Operating methods are known for the control of a plurality of stations using a common communication channel in which a masterstation establishes priorities and controls all use of the channel.
  • a protocol is usually adopted that the operating stations will transmit only when directed to do so by a message from the master station. Since the operating stations do not initiate any communications, they cannot directly call the masterstation's attention to a need for service that arises, and it is necessary for the master station to send inquiries from time to time to each of the operating stations. Each operating station replies when queried by indicating what if any service is needs.
  • a communication system managed as described above uses considerable time in the massage exchange between the masterstation and the operating stations to provide the masterstation with the information about which stations need what service.
  • the masterstation uses considerable time in the massage exchange between the masterstation and the operating stations to provide the masterstation with the information about which stations need what service.
  • the problem the invention addresses resides in shortening the time and loweriong the load of the common communication channel for providing the masterstation with the information about which operating station need what service, i.e. improving the operation of a communication system.
  • the masterstation initially directs a single inquiry signal to the aggregate of the operating stations and receives a response from this aggregate indicating by its structure which of the several individual stations currently needs service from the communication facility. Messages are thereafter exchanged between the masterstation and those operating stations only which need service to inform the masterstation as to the details of the service needed. The many message exchanges between the masterstation and the individual stations needing no service is eliminated.
  • the invention provides method and apparatus for operating a communication system which has a masterstation and a plurality of operating stations S i (where i takes various values to specificy a particular operating station).
  • the system further includes a forward communication channel on which signals are transmitted from the masterstation to all of the plurality of operating stations, a return communication channel on which signals are transmitted from any of the operating stations to the masterstation, wherein the propagation time for a singal from the masterstation to each operating station S i is p i and the propagation time from each operating station S i to the masterstation is p i '.
  • communication system 10 includes masterstation 18, a plurality of operating stations of which 20 is exemplary, and inbound coaxial cable 14 conveying signals from the masterstation and all operating stations to head 16, and outbound coaxial cable 12 conveying signals from head 16 to the masterstation and every operating station.
  • a forward communication channel for tranmission of system supervisory signals from the masterstation to the operating stations is provided by a defined frequency band with transmissions from the masterstation propagating on the inbound cable to the head and thence on the outbound cable to every operating station.
  • a return communication channel for transmission of system supervisory signals from every operating station to the masterstation is provided by a defined frequency band with transmissions from the operating stations propagating on the inbound cable to the head and thence on the outbound cable to the masterstation.
  • Amplifiers, splitters, and other devices may be used as appropriate to control signal level and impedance of the channels as required by circumstances according to well known principles; such design details are unrelated to the subject invention.
  • masterstation 18 includes processor 30, memory 32, timing generating circuits 38, uart 36 (meaning universal assynchronous receiver-transmitter), polling logic 34, and transmitting-receiving modem 40.
  • Bus 42 interconnects the processor, memory, uart and polling logic for tranfer of parallel data.
  • Modulated carrier signal is transferred from cable 12 to modem 40 on link 58 and from modem 40 to cable 14 on link 60.
  • Serial bit data is transferred as shown on links 46, 48, 50, and 52.
  • Timing signals are transferred from timing generating circuits 38 to polling logic 34 on link 54. Other timing and control connections not shown are used to enable the processor to control the operations of the stations in accordance with well known design principles.
  • Station 18 may communicate with other computers or peripherals through I/O devices 44.
  • Operating station shown more particularly in Figure 3, includes processor 60, memory 62, uart 66 polling logic 68, delay switch bank 90, timing circuits 70, and transmitting-receiving modem 64.
  • Connector 86 carrying carrier modulated signals connects cable 12 to modem 64; connector 86 connects modem 64 to cable 14.
  • Connectors 76 and 78 interconnect polling logic 68 and modem 64; connectors to and 82 interconnect uart 66 and modem 64 (all carrying serial bit data).
  • Connector 88 connects timing circuits 70 to polling logic 68.
  • Bus 72 carrying parallel byte data interconnects processor 60, memory 62, uart 66, switchbank 90, and polling logic 68.
  • the forward and return channels are used exclusively for communications between the masterstation and each of the operating stations to effect supervision and control of a communication network serving the several operating stations.
  • Other communication channels are used to carry intercommunication among the operating stations. Messages are sent over the channels by modulated carrier in the form of packets, each with a start bit, 8 information bits, a parity bit (odd parity), and a stop bit.
  • Each operating station has a unique address and is programmed to respond to messages starting with its own address and to those with a broadcast address. In order to avoid interferring transmissions on the commonly used communication channels, the operating stations are programmed to transmit only when directed to do so by the masterstation, which thus completely controls the use of the channels. In the exemplary-embodiment, there are 2047 operating stations with addresses running from 1 to 2047. The broadcast address is 0.
  • each operating station S i (where i takes different values to designate particular stations) is assigned a delay value d i .
  • the values of d i are chosen with reference to the propagation delays p i required to propagate a signal from the masterstation to the stations-S i , and the propagation delays pi'required to propagate a signal from the operating stations S i to the masterstation.
  • the value of d. assigned is then stored by entering the value in delay switchbank 90.
  • the propagation delays are negligible, and the assigned delay values are made equal to 128 usec times the station address.
  • the processor 30 of the masterstation initiates a poll by transmitting a distinctive five-byte message which is transmitted through the uart 36 and the modem 40 to channel 14.
  • the first two bytes are the broadcast address, (i. e., 00000000, 00000000, in binary); the third byte is without information content, being reserved for system expansion; the fourth byte is 00000000 , a command code indicating the message is a polling request, and the fifth byte is used to generate the polling sync signal.
  • This fifth byte is 1000 0000 in binary.
  • the polling request message is processed by modem 40 and propagated over the communication channels 'to each of the operating stations.
  • the operating stations may receive the polling request message at different times because of propagation delays.
  • the message is received and demodulated by modem 64 and passed in serial bit form to uart 66, which puts the information bits on the bus 72 in parallel form.
  • the processor 60 decodes the message and identifies it from the first four bytes of the message as a polling request. Then, if the station needs service, the processor during the sequence of 0's in the fifth byte arms the polling logic 68.
  • polling logic 68 When thus armed, polling logic 68 is triggered by the rising edge of the last bit of the fifth byte and begins to count timing pulses supplied on connector 88 from timing circuits 70. The rising count of these timing pulses is compared with the stored delay value diin switchbank 90, and when the two are equal, the polling logic emits on connector 76 a 32us. reply pulse, indicating that the operating station needs service. This pulse is processed through modem 64 which transmits the pulse in modulated carrier form on connector 86 onto channel 14. If at the time the polling sync signal is received by a station, the station does not need service the polling logic is not armed and no transmission is made. An absence of transmission at the time d. thus constitutes a reply that no service is needed.
  • the reply pulses from all the responding operating stations will be propagated along the return communication channel to the masterstation where, because of the manner of selecting the several d i with regard to the propagation delays, they will arrive without overlapping or interference.
  • the transmissions are received and demodulated by modem 40 which sends to polling logic 34 over connector 50 a signal with a high voltage appearing at times D i corresponding to the return delays of the operating stations that transmitted a help-needed signal and with low voltage appearing at the times D . corresponding to the return delays of stations making no reply transmission.
  • the polling logic 34 interprets these high or low voltages as logical 1's or 0's and enters them in successive positions of a serial in-parallel out, eight bit register, using the timing pulses received from timing circuits 38 to trigger the gating into successive bit positions.
  • the parallelizing register is filled, corresponding to the receipt of the replies of eight operating stations, the register contents is transferred as bytes in parallel form onto bus 42-and lodged in a designated address in memory 32, and the polling logic proceeds to process the following reply pulses in the same manner until it has processed the replies-from all the operating stations, with successive bytes transferred from the logic places in successive addresses in memory.
  • a service need map in the designated portion of the masterstation memory 32 which has a bit corresponding to each operating station with the value of the bit indicating whether the corresponding station needs service.
  • the memory map will be preponderantly 0's (indicating no need for service) with a sprinkling of l's.
  • the masterstation processor scans the map systematically and where it finds a 1 at a particular position it associates the position with an operating station aadress. This association may be done through a look up table or simply through an algorithm generating the station address from the map position.
  • the 30 masterstation processor then, using the address, sends one or more addressed messages to the corresponding operating station to ascertain what service is required and provide that service.
  • the processor initiates another polling cycle to obtain an updated map of service needs of the operating stations.

Abstract

In a communication system a masterstation initially directs a single inquiry signal to the aggregate of the operating stations and receives a response from this aggregate indicating by its structure which of the several individual stations currently needs service from the communication facility. Messages are thereafter exchanged between the masterstation and those stations only which need service to inform the masterstation as to the details of the needed service. The many message exchanges between the master station and individual stations needing nothing is eliminated.

Description

  • This invention relates to managing communication systems, and in particular to method and apparatus enabling a master control station to ascertain which of a number of operating stations using a common communication channel need service from the channel.
  • Operating methods are known for the control of a plurality of stations using a common communication channel in which a masterstation establishes priorities and controls all use of the channel. In order to avoid interference on the channel, a protocol is usually adopted that the operating stations will transmit only when directed to do so by a message from the master station. Since the operating stations do not initiate any communications, they cannot directly call the masterstation's attention to a need for service that arises, and it is necessary for the master station to send inquiries from time to time to each of the operating stations. Each operating station replies when queried by indicating what if any service is needs.
  • A communication system managed as described above uses considerable time in the massage exchange between the masterstation and the operating stations to provide the masterstation with the information about which stations need what service. When there are many operating stations sharing the channel but ordinarily only a few of which are in need of any service, a large utilization of the facility is expended in obtaining very sparse information.
  • It is an object of the invention to remedy the shortcomings of the prior art methods of pollin and communication system for ascertaining the need for service of one or more of a plurality of working or operating stations of a communication system controlled by a single master control station. The problem the invention addresses resides in shortening the time and loweriong the load of the common communication channel for providing the masterstation with the information about which operating station need what service, i.e. improving the operation of a communication system.
  • Method, system and operating station which solve the problem underlying the invention are defined in the appendant claims.
  • According the invention, the masterstation initially directs a single inquiry signal to the aggregate of the operating stations and receives a response from this aggregate indicating by its structure which of the several individual stations currently needs service from the communication facility. Messages are thereafter exchanged between the masterstation and those operating stations only which need service to inform the masterstation as to the details of the service needed. The many message exchanges between the masterstation and the individual stations needing no service is eliminated.
  • The invention provides method and apparatus for operating a communication system which has a masterstation and a plurality of operating stations S i (where i takes various values to specificy a particular operating station). The system further includes a forward communication channel on which signals are transmitted from the masterstation to all of the plurality of operating stations, a return communication channel on which signals are transmitted from any of the operating stations to the masterstation, wherein the propagation time for a singal from the masterstation to each operating station Si is pi and the propagation time from each operating station Si to the masterstation is pi'. The invention features the following steps and the means therefor: assign to each operation station Si an assigned delay value di specific to the station such that each operating station's returned delay value D = pi + pi + d. is distinct for each station Si, store at each operating station S. its assigned delay value di, transmit from the masterstation on the forward communication channel a distinctive polling sync signal, emit on the return channel from each operating station Si which needs service a polling reply signal indicative of needing to use a communication channel, the reply signal being emitted after the assigned delay interval di specific to the station after receiving the polling sync signal, receive at the mastersation the signals indicative of needing service, and associate the arrival times of such received signals with operating station addresses to ascertain which operating stations need service, and initiate from the masterstation an addressed message exchange with each operating station ascertained to need service to ascertain what service is needed.
    • Fig. 1 shows schematically a communications system according to the invention,
    • Fig. 2 shows in greater detail the masterstation of Fig. 1, and
    • Fig. 3 shows in greater detail an operating station of Fig. 1.
  • As shown particularly in fig. 1, communication system 10 includes masterstation 18, a plurality of operating stations of which 20 is exemplary, and inbound coaxial cable 14 conveying signals from the masterstation and all operating stations to head 16, and outbound coaxial cable 12 conveying signals from head 16 to the masterstation and every operating station. A forward communication channel for tranmission of system supervisory signals from the masterstation to the operating stations is provided by a defined frequency band with transmissions from the masterstation propagating on the inbound cable to the head and thence on the outbound cable to every operating station. A return communication channel for transmission of system supervisory signals from every operating station to the masterstation is provided by a defined frequency band with transmissions from the operating stations propagating on the inbound cable to the head and thence on the outbound cable to the masterstation. Amplifiers, splitters, and other devices may be used as appropriate to control signal level and impedance of the channels as required by circumstances according to well known principles; such design details are unrelated to the subject invention.
  • As shown particularly in Figure 2, masterstation 18 includes processor 30, memory 32, timing generating circuits 38, uart 36 (meaning universal assynchronous receiver-transmitter), polling logic 34, and transmitting-receiving modem 40. Bus 42 interconnects the processor, memory, uart and polling logic for tranfer of parallel data. Modulated carrier signal is transferred from cable 12 to modem 40 on link 58 and from modem 40 to cable 14 on link 60. Serial bit data is transferred as shown on links 46, 48, 50, and 52. Timing signals are transferred from timing generating circuits 38 to polling logic 34 on link 54. Other timing and control connections not shown are used to enable the processor to control the operations of the stations in accordance with well known design principles. Station 18 may communicate with other computers or peripherals through I/O devices 44.
  • Operating station, shown more particularly in Figure 3, includes processor 60, memory 62, uart 66 polling logic 68, delay switch bank 90, timing circuits 70, and transmitting-receiving modem 64. Connector 86 carrying carrier modulated signals connects cable 12 to modem 64; connector 86 connects modem 64 to cable 14. Connectors 76 and 78 interconnect polling logic 68 and modem 64; connectors to and 82 interconnect uart 66 and modem 64 (all carrying serial bit data). Connector 88 connects timing circuits 70 to polling logic 68. Bus 72 carrying parallel byte data interconnects processor 60, memory 62, uart 66, switchbank 90, and polling logic 68.
  • In the particular embodiment described here, the forward and return channels are used exclusively for communications between the masterstation and each of the operating stations to effect supervision and control of a communication network serving the several operating stations. Other communication channels are used to carry intercommunication among the operating stations. Messages are sent over the channels by modulated carrier in the form of packets, each with a start bit, 8 information bits, a parity bit (odd parity), and a stop bit. Each operating station has a unique address and is programmed to respond to messages starting with its own address and to those with a broadcast address. In order to avoid interferring transmissions on the commonly used communication channels, the operating stations are programmed to transmit only when directed to do so by the masterstation, which thus completely controls the use of the channels. In the exemplary-embodiment, there are 2047 operating stations with addresses running from 1 to 2047. The broadcast address is 0.
  • The operation of the system is as follows. Before initiating regular communications on the system, each operating station Si (where i takes different values to designate particular stations) is assigned a delay value di. The values of di are chosen with reference to the propagation delays pi required to propagate a signal from the masterstation to the stations-Si, and the propagation delays pi'required to propagate a signal from the operating stations Si to the masterstation. In general the values di are chosen so that each operating station Si will have a distinct value for its return delay value Di = pi + p.' + di. For each station Si, the value of d. assigned is then stored by entering the value in delay switchbank 90. In the exemplary embodiment, the propagation delays are negligible, and the assigned delay values are made equal to 128 usec times the station address.
  • In routine operation, the processor 30 of the masterstation initiates a poll by transmitting a distinctive five-byte message which is transmitted through the uart 36 and the modem 40 to channel 14. The first two bytes are the broadcast address, (i. e., 00000000, 00000000, in binary); the third byte is without information content, being reserved for system expansion; the fourth byte is 00000000 , a command code indicating the message is a polling request, and the fifth byte is used to generate the polling sync signal. This fifth byte is 1000 0000 in binary. When encoded for transmission by uart 36 in an 11-bit packet this will produce an output sequence of a low (the start bit), a high, eight lows (the last being the parity bit), and a high (the terminator bit). The transition from the parity bit,to the terminator bit is used as the timing signal for syncronizing the polling. During the long sequence of 0's in the fifth byte the polling logic 34 is armed by an output from the processor, and the rising edge of the terminator bit triggers the start of counting circuits in the polling logic which start counting timing pulses delivered from timing generator 38 on connector 54.
  • The polling request message is processed by modem 40 and propagated over the communication channels 'to each of the operating stations. In general, the operating stations may receive the polling request message at different times because of propagation delays. At exemplary station 20, the message is received and demodulated by modem 64 and passed in serial bit form to uart 66, which puts the information bits on the bus 72 in parallel form. The processor 60 decodes the message and identifies it from the first four bytes of the message as a polling request. Then, if the station needs service, the processor during the sequence of 0's in the fifth byte arms the polling logic 68. When thus armed, polling logic 68 is triggered by the rising edge of the last bit of the fifth byte and begins to count timing pulses supplied on connector 88 from timing circuits 70. The rising count of these timing pulses is compared with the stored delay value diin switchbank 90, and when the two are equal, the polling logic emits on connector 76 a 32us. reply pulse, indicating that the operating station needs service. This pulse is processed through modem 64 which transmits the pulse in modulated carrier form on connector 86 onto channel 14. If at the time the polling sync signal is received by a station, the station does not need service the polling logic is not armed and no transmission is made. An absence of transmission at the time d. thus constitutes a reply that no service is needed.
  • The reply pulses from all the responding operating stations will be propagated along the return communication channel to the masterstation where, because of the manner of selecting the several di with regard to the propagation delays, they will arrive without overlapping or interference. At the masterstation 18 the transmissions are received and demodulated by modem 40 which sends to polling logic 34 over connector 50 a signal with a high voltage appearing at times Di corresponding to the return delays of the operating stations that transmitted a help-needed signal and with low voltage appearing at the times D. corresponding to the return delays of stations making no reply transmission. The polling logic 34 interprets these high or low voltages as logical 1's or 0's and enters them in successive positions of a serial in-parallel out, eight bit register, using the timing pulses received from timing circuits 38 to trigger the gating into successive bit positions. When the parallelizing register is filled, corresponding to the receipt of the replies of eight operating stations, the register contents is transferred as bytes in parallel form onto bus 42-and lodged in a designated address in memory 32, and the polling logic proceeds to process the following reply pulses in the same manner until it has processed the replies-from all the operating stations, with successive bytes transferred from the logic places in successive addresses in memory. When all the reply signals have been processed as indicated there will be created a service need map in the designated portion of the masterstation memory 32 which has a bit corresponding to each operating station with the value of the bit indicating whether the corresponding station needs service. In the usual situations contemplated for use of this invention the memory map will be preponderantly 0's (indicating no need for service) with a sprinkling of l's.
  • When the service need map is completed, the masterstation processor scans the map systematically and where it finds a 1 at a particular position it associates the position with an operating station aadress. This association may be done through a look up table or simply through an algorithm generating the station address from the map position. The 30 masterstation processor then, using the address, sends one or more addressed messages to the corresponding operating station to ascertain what service is required and provide that service. After proceeding systematically through the service need map and providing whatever service is needed by all the stations indicating that they need service, the processor initiates another polling cycle to obtain an updated map of service needs of the operating stations.
  • The method and apparatus described are readily implemented in detail with standard circuitry and programming well known to those skilled in the communications and computer art and need not be further expanded upon.

Claims (3)

1. A method for operating a communication system, said system having a masterstation (18) and a plurality of operating stations Si (20) (where i takes various values to specificy a particular operating station), each operating station having a unique address Ai, a forward communication channel on which signals are transmitted from the masterstation to all of the plurality of operating stations, a return communication channel on which signals are transmitted from any of said operating stations to the masterstation, wherein the propagation time for a signal from the masterstation on the forward channel to each operating station Si is pi and the propagation time from each operating station Si on the return channel to the masterstation is pi,
characterized by the steps:
assigning to each operating station Si an assigned delay value di specific to the station such that each operating station'.s returned delay value D. = pi + pi + di is distinct for each station Si,
storing at each operating station Si its assigned delay value d.,
transmitting from the masterstation on the forward communication channel a distinctive polling sync signal, transmitting on the return channel from each operating station Si which needs service a polling reply signal indicative of needing to use a communication channel, said reply signal being emitted after the assigned delay interval di specific to the operating station after receiving the polling sync signal,
receiving at the masterstation the signals indicative of needing service and associating the arrival times of such received signals with operating station addresses to ascertain which operating stations need service, and initiating from the masterstation an addressed message exchange with each operating station ascertained to need service to ascertain what service is needed.
2. A communication system having a masterstation (18) and a plurality of operating stations Si (20) (where i takes various values to specificy a particular operating station), each operating station having a unique address Ai, a forward communication channel on which signals are transmitted from the masterstation to all of the plurality of operating stations, a return communication channel on which signals are transmitted from any of said operating stations to the masterstation, wherein the propagation time for a signal from the masterstation on the forward channel to each operating station Si is pi and the propagation time from each operating station Si on the return channel to the masterstation is p', characterized by
- means (90) at each operating station (20) for storing an assigned value indicative of a time delay di specific to the station,
- means (40) at said masterstation (18) for transmitting on said forward communication channel a distinctive polling sync signal,
- means (60) at each operating station (20) for receiving from the forward transmission channel and identifying a polling sync signal,
- means (84) at each operating station (20) for transmitting on the return channel when the operating station (20) needs service and not otherwise a uniform signal indicative of needing service, said signal indicative of needing service being emitted after the assigned delay interval d specific to the operating station (18) after receiving the polling sync signal,
- means (40, 34) at said masterstation (18) for receiving the signals indicative of needing service and associating to arrival times of such received signals with operating station addresses to ascertain which operating stations need service, and
- means (30) for initiating from the masterstation (18) an addressed message exchange with each operating station (20) ascertained to need service to ascertain what service is needed.
3. An operating station for use in a communication system, according to claim 2 said system having a masterstation (18) and a plurality of operating stations Si (20) (where i takes various values to specificy a particular operating station), each operating station having a unique address A., a forward communication channel on which signals are transmitted from the masterstation to all of the plurality of operating stations, a return communication channel on which signals are transmitted from any of said operating stations to the masterstation, wherein the propagation time for a signal from the masterstation on the forward channel to each operating station Si is pi and the propagation time from each operating station Si on the return channel to the masterstation is pi, characterized by
- means (90) for storing an assigned value of time delay d,
- means (68) for receiving from the forward transmission channel and identifying a polling sync signal,
- means (34) for responding to a received polling sync signal when and only when the operating station (20) needs service by transmitting on the return channel a signal indicative of needing service after a delay equal to the assigned delay value d after receiving a polling sync signal, and
- means (64, 60) for receiving and identifying messages transmitted on the forward channel addressed specifically to the operating station (20).
EP84109357A 1983-08-11 1984-08-07 A method of polling and a communication system for ascertaining service needs Expired - Lifetime EP0133567B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US522202 1983-08-11
US06/522,202 US4595921A (en) 1983-08-11 1983-08-11 Method of polling to ascertain service needs

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EP0133567A2 true EP0133567A2 (en) 1985-02-27
EP0133567A3 EP0133567A3 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0133567B1 EP0133567B1 (en) 1992-05-06

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EP (1) EP0133567B1 (en)
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Also Published As

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EP0133567B1 (en) 1992-05-06
DE3485695D1 (en) 1992-06-11
US4595921A (en) 1986-06-17
AU571532B2 (en) 1988-04-21
AU2909284A (en) 1985-02-14
JPS6048638A (en) 1985-03-16
EP0133567A3 (en) 1987-12-02
CA1218437A (en) 1987-02-24

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