EP0129744A2 - Camouflage material for camouflaging military targets - Google Patents

Camouflage material for camouflaging military targets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129744A2
EP0129744A2 EP84106347A EP84106347A EP0129744A2 EP 0129744 A2 EP0129744 A2 EP 0129744A2 EP 84106347 A EP84106347 A EP 84106347A EP 84106347 A EP84106347 A EP 84106347A EP 0129744 A2 EP0129744 A2 EP 0129744A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camouflage material
material according
camouflage
threads
electrically conductive
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Granted
Application number
EP84106347A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0129744A3 (en
EP0129744B1 (en
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Pusch
Dieter E. Aisslinger
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT84106347T priority Critical patent/ATE29924T1/en
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Publication of EP0129744A3 publication Critical patent/EP0129744A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • F41H3/02—Flexible, e.g. fabric covers, e.g. screens, nets characterised by their material or structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/919—Camouflaged article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camouflage material for camouflaging military targets against reconnaissance in the near and far infrared wave range as well as in the millimeter and centimeter wave radar range, with a base material constructed from threads in a net-like manner, which is formed on at least one side with electrical conductivity and has a low specific surface resistance and which is applied to it Has outer layer, which has an emission factor changing over the area in the far infrared wave range.
  • camouflage nets which consist of a carrier net and camouflage material made of textile-like material applied to it.
  • the camouflage material is colored in such a way that the best possible adaptation to the background in the visible WAVE range and in the near infrared range is given.
  • these camouflage nets had no protection, so that they could be located for thermal imaging and radar devices.
  • camouflage materials In order to obtain a broadband camouflage also in the areas of modern locating devices, i.e. in particular in the wavelength ranges in which thermal imaging and radar devices work, camouflage materials have been developed which consist of a base material, a metallic reflective layer on the base material and a camouflage paint on the reflective Layer exist (see. DE-A-27 59 651, DE-A-21 51 349).
  • the camouflage paint should be formed by camouflage colors, the binding agent of which has good transparency in the spectra areas of the atmospheric windows II and III and the pigments in the visible and near IR area have a reflection similar to chlorophyll.
  • the camouflage colors are thereby in this area have an over its area changing emission factor, which is preferably microns in the wavelength range of 3 to 5 is between 5o and 90% and in the wavelength range 8 to 14 microns between 6 0 and 95% vary intended.
  • This variation in the emission factor gives the camouflage in the spectral range of the thermal imaging devices a structure which is matched to that of the natural background in this spectra range.
  • the camouflage in the radar spectral range is achieved in that the metallic layer has a specific surface resistance of at most a few ohms / square and in that the camouflage material is in the form of a garnish with, for example, a sickle cut.
  • camouflage material has been its sensitivity.
  • the electrically conductive layer changes its resistance and thus its effectiveness due to the stress on the camouflage material in use so significantly that the camouflage properties suffer.
  • the previously known camouflage material has a tendency to heat up more than the natural environment, in particular natural foliage, as a result of solar radiation.
  • the foliage partially uses the sun's rays for photosynthesis.
  • part of the absorbed energy is released into the environment through water evaporation.
  • many plants change the angle of incidence of the solar radiation by changing the leaf position in order to avoid excessive heating by solar radiation.
  • the warming of foliage does not depend solely on its emission coefficients, which means that a camouflaged target no longer fits into the image of the natural grasses and leaves in the background after prolonged exposure to the sun.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the known camouflage material described at the outset in such a way that the camouflage effect is retained as far as possible even in the case of prolonged exposure to the sun and that the camouflage properties remain constant for a long time even under high usage stress.
  • This design of the camouflage material is based on the idea already belonging to the invention of using the convection flow which forms on the camouflage material due to its heating for better heat dissipation to the air by considerably increasing the heat transfer area. Due to the free spacing of the threads, an exchange of the air flows is also possible. In this way, the warming of the camouflage material due to solar radiation is kept within the limits within which the surrounding foliage material also heats up.
  • camouflage material is not affected as quickly by its use because there is no closed electrically conductive layer that could tear.
  • the covering of the camouflage material is not complete due to the free spaces between the threads.
  • a compromise must be made on the one hand with regard to the size of the free spaces between the threads and on the other hand with the need to cover the military target.
  • Such a compromise can consist in that the free distances are at least one third of the thread thickness, better still about half the thread thickness. In this way enough space is created for the convective air flow, but on the other hand the coverage of the military target is still sufficient.
  • camouflage material for example in the form of a fabric
  • an electrically conductive layer is provided with an electrically conductive layer.
  • This expediently consists of a binder, for example a phenolic resin binder, with electrically conductive pigments, for example graphite or soot particles.
  • the binder should contain about 10 to 50% of the pigments.
  • Such an electrically conductive layer can be applied in a simple manner by spraying or brushing onto the threads of the base material. The layer causes camouflage in the radar area because the radar beams are scattered in a wide variety of directions and thus a picture is created similar to that in the leaves of trees.
  • the threads consist of metal. This can be done, for example, by the threads being formed from plastic-laminated aluminum strips with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the aluminum strips can vary from 6 to 20 mm, whereby they are laminated on both sides with the same thickness.
  • the surface resistance should be in a range between 2 to 50 ohms / square, since the reflection of the radar waves is particularly pronounced in this area.
  • the outer layer according to the invention consists of a synthetic, open-cell foam covering.
  • the foam coating should contain about 5 to 25% flaky metal pigments, for example made of copper, zinc, steel or aluminum particles. In this way, an emission factor of 70 to 95% can be achieved, which is recommended for camouflage in summer. An emission factor of 40 to 60% is sufficient for camouflage in winter.
  • the emissivity or the emission factor is synonymous with the absorbency.
  • the outer layer can also be a color layer which consists of a binder which is largely transparent in the infrared spectrum, such as, for example, CycLo rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene, and platelet-shaped metal pigments, such as, for example, chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides, or mineral pigments, such as, for example, Sienna, KaLk or cobalt blue.
  • a binder which is largely transparent in the infrared spectrum
  • platelet-shaped metal pigments such as, for example, chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides, or mineral pigments, such as, for example, Sienna, KaLk or cobalt blue.
  • the basic idea of the present invention can alternatively or in combination with the first proposal according to the invention also be realized in that the camouflage material of the type mentioned above is provided over the surface with depressions and / or projections, which are preferably embossed.
  • This measure also considerably increases the heat transfer area for the convective air flow, as a result of which better heat transfer to the ambient air is achieved.
  • the consequence of this is that the camouflage material heats up less when exposed to sunlight, even if the camouflage material is formed without free spaces between the threads. In the latter case, then but the electrically conductive formation and the outer layer can be formed in the same way as in the camouflage material with the free spaces between the threads.
  • the depressions or projections can be hemispherical and / or conical, for example. In both cases, an increase in the heat transfer area and a scattering of the reflected radar beams is achieved.
  • the depressions and / or the projections can have a depth or height of approximately 5 to 25 mm and a diameter of the same order of magnitude.
  • the dimensions of the depressions or projections should expediently change distributed over the surface.
  • the projections can also be designed in the form of ribs by appropriate folding of the camouflage material.
  • the invention provides that spots of the camouflage material are applied irregularly distributed on a support net, the support net should consist of the open-mesh camouflage material.
  • the camouflage material 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is designed as a carrier fabric, which consists of crossing threads 2, 3. Plastic monofilaments are particularly suitable as the material for the threads 2, 3.
  • the threads 2, 3 are surrounded by an electrically conductive layer 4, which has been applied by means of an impregnation technique.
  • Their conductivity is brought about by electrically conductive pigments, such as graphite or carbon black.
  • the graphite or carbon black particles are contained in an amount of 10 to 50% in a phenolic resin binder.
  • the electrically conductive layer 4 appears black.
  • this layer 4 is a synthetic, open cell Foam covering 5 applied, namely by immersing in an appropriate bath and then foaming and drying.
  • the open cell structure of this foam covering increases the heat transfer area effective for air convection.
  • the foam covering 5 can consist, for example, of polyurethane, polyLefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyether, polystyrene or polyacrylate. About 5 to 25% of metal pigments, for example copper, zinc, steel or preferably aluminum flakes, are embedded in the foam covering 5 in order to achieve a desired emission factor.
  • the emission factor or emissivity should lie between 70 and 95% of the black body, while for winter camouflage an emissivity of 40 to 60X is sufficient.
  • the emissivity should change continuously over the area within the aforementioned ranges in order to tear apart the representation in the thermal imaging device and to adapt it to the representation of the natural environment.
  • the crossing threads 2, 3 run at a distance from each other, so that gaps 6 arise. This also contributes to the improvement of the heat transfer, since the heat transfer area for the convective air flow is thereby increased. This has the consequence that the camouflage material 1 is no longer heated as much by the sun's radiation as was the case with the known material.
  • the distance a between two adjacent threads 2 it has been found to make the distance a between two adjacent threads 2 approximately half to one third as large as the thickness b of the Fadens 2 to design yourself.
  • a corresponding treatment as is customary in the textile industry, can follow to fix the threads 2, 3.
  • camouflage material 7 is shown in FIG. This camouflage material 7 is also woven from threads 8.
  • the camouflage material 7 shown here is not air-permeable.
  • the threads 8 and the gaps existing between them are surrounded or filled with an electrically conductive layer 9, which can consist of the same material as the electrically conductive layer 4 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • an electrically conductive layer 9 On both sides of the electrically conductive layer 9 are color layers 1 0, 11 applied with a color binder is transparent in the thermal infrared range, that is, for example, cyclo rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene. In this color binder, just like in the foam coating 5 in the embodiment according to FIGS.
  • metal pigments are incorporated, with which the emissivity can be set in the desired range, with the target, the best possible adaptation to the emissivity of the surrounding nature to reach.
  • color layers 1 0, 11 and foam coverings of the type can be applied as they are provided for the camouflage material 1 according to Figures 1 and 2, of course.
  • the threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 can also be made of plastic, such as polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or other filaments stand.
  • the threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 - like the threads 2, 3 of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 - can also be electrically conductive.
  • the threads 2, 3, 8 are then produced in such a way that a thin aluminum foil with a thickness of 6 to 20 ⁇ m is laminated on both sides with a thin polyester film which can have a thickness of 6 to 20 ⁇ m in each case. This material is then cut into endless threads with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
  • the threads can then partially or completely replace the plastic threads 2, 3, 8 in the camouflage materials 1, 7.
  • the camouflage material 7 according to FIG. 3 has an increased heat transfer surface for the convection air flow passing by, its surface is additionally structured, as can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • the camouflage material 7 ' is provided with cup-shaped recesses 12.
  • pyramid-shaped depressions 13 are provided. Both types of depressions 12, 13 have been impressed by appropriately engraved calenders or rollers. The depressions 12, 13 not only have the task of increasing the heat transfer area, but are also intended to scatter the radar beams reflected by the respective electrically conductive layer 9 in a wide variety of directions.
  • the camouflage material 7 ''' is folded in such a way that rib-shaped projections 14 are formed.
  • These projections 14 have the same effect as the depressions 12, 13 in the camouflage materials 7 'and 7''in Figures 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a camouflage net 15 which consists of a support net 16 and colored patches 17 applied thereon in an irregular shape and at intervals.
  • the spots 17 are cut out of the camouflage material 7 according to FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • the support net 16 consists of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the support net 16 and / or the stains 17 - in the latter case before being applied to the support net 16 - can be provided with incisions.
  • the electrically conductive paint can be applied by spraying, rolling or soaking. After drying the fabric to remove the solvent, it is immersed in a solution of 55% PVC and 45% PhthaLate plasticizer, which contains color and metallic pigments. After drying to form a foam covering, spots are clipped onto the fabric. These patches consist of a woven textile material of approximately 12 threads per cm, which is covered on both sides with an electrically conductive layer.
  • Color layers are applied to this layer on both sides, which has a binder that is essentially transparent in the thermal infrared range and contains pigments reflecting heat radiation. whose colors also have a camouflaging effect in the visible area.
  • the textile material is provided with embossed recesses, which have been embossed using an appropriate embossing calender.
  • polyester fibers are used instead of polypropylene monofilaments.
  • the electrically conductive layer contains aluminum particles and the foam covering consists of a pre-expanded acrylic dispersion.
  • individual threads are woven into the textile material that are themselves electrically conductive, since they consist of plastic-laminated aluminum strips.

Abstract

A camouflage material whose convective heat exchange pattern simulates the thermal properties of a natural background and having a non planar surface comprising a mesh support, a conductive layer on said support and an outer layer on said conductive layer containing metallic material and having an emissivity in the wave length of far infrared of about 20 to 70% and wherein said outer layer comprises a synthetic foam layer.

Description

Die Erfindung betri ft ein Tarnmaterial für die Tarnung militärischer Ziele gegen Aufklärung im nahen und fernen Infrarotwellenbereich sowie im Millimeter- und Zentimeterwellen-Radarbereich, mit einem aus Fäden netzartig aufgebauten Grundmaterial, das zumindest einseitig elektrisch Leitend mit geringem spezifischen Flächenwiderstand ausgebildet ist und eine darauf aufgebrachte Außenschicht aufweist, die im fernen Infrarotwellenbereich einen sich über die Fläche ändernden Emissionsfaktor hat.The invention relates to a camouflage material for camouflaging military targets against reconnaissance in the near and far infrared wave range as well as in the millimeter and centimeter wave radar range, with a base material constructed from threads in a net-like manner, which is formed on at least one side with electrical conductivity and has a low specific surface resistance and which is applied to it Has outer layer, which has an emission factor changing over the area in the far infrared wave range.

MiLitärische ZieLe werden übticherweise mit Tarnnetzen abgedeckt, die aus einem Tragnetz und darauf aufgebrachtem Tarnmaterial aus textilähnlichem Material bestehen. Das Tarnmaterial ist dabei derart eingefärbt, daß eine möglichst gute Anpassung an den Hintergrund im sichtbaren WeLLenbereich und im nahen Infrarotbereich gegeben ist. Im fernen Infrarotwellenbereich, also in den SpektraLbereichen 3 bis 5 µm und 8 bis 14 µm (atmosphärische Fenster II und III) sowie im Radarbereich wiesen diese Tarnnetze keinen Schutz auf, so daß sie für Wärmebild-und Radargeräte ortbar waren.Military targets are usually covered with camouflage nets, which consist of a carrier net and camouflage material made of textile-like material applied to it. The camouflage material is colored in such a way that the best possible adaptation to the background in the visible WAVE range and in the near infrared range is given. In the far infrared wave range, i.e. in the spectral range 3 to 5 µm and 8 to 14 µm (atmospheric windows II and III) and in the radar area, these camouflage nets had no protection, so that they could be located for thermal imaging and radar devices.

Um eine breitbandigere Tarnung auch in den Bereichen moderner Ortungsgeräte zu erhalten, also insbesondere in den Wellenlängenbereichen, in denen Wärmebild-und Radargeräte arbeiten, sind Tarnmaterialien entwickelt worden, die aus einem GrundmateriaL, einer metallisch reflektierenden Schicht auf dem Grundmaterial sowie einem Tarnanstrich auf der reflektierenden Schicht bestehen (vgl. DE-A-27 59 651, DE-A-21 51 349). Nach der Lehre der erstgenannten Druckschrift soll der Tarnanstrich durch Tarnfarben gebildet sein, dessen Bindemittel in den SpektraLbereichen der atmosphärischen Fenster II und III eine gute Transparenz aufweist und dessen Pigmente im sichtbaren und nahen IR-Bereich eine dem Chlorophyll ähnLiche Reflektion haben. Die Tarnfarben sollen dabei in diesem Bereich einen über ihre Fläche sich ändernden Emissionsfaktor haben, der vorzugsweise im WellenLängenbereich von 3 bis 5 µm zwischen 5o und 90 % und im WeLLenLängenbereich von 8 bis 14 µm zwischen 60 und 95 % variieren soll. Durch diese Variation des Emissionsfaktors erhält die Tarnung im Spektralbereich der Wärmebildgeräte eine Struktur, die der des natürlichen Hintergrundes in diesem SpektraLbereich angepaßt ist.In order to obtain a broadband camouflage also in the areas of modern locating devices, i.e. in particular in the wavelength ranges in which thermal imaging and radar devices work, camouflage materials have been developed which consist of a base material, a metallic reflective layer on the base material and a camouflage paint on the reflective Layer exist (see. DE-A-27 59 651, DE-A-21 51 349). According to the teaching of the first-mentioned publication, the camouflage paint should be formed by camouflage colors, the binding agent of which has good transparency in the spectra areas of the atmospheric windows II and III and the pigments in the visible and near IR area have a reflection similar to chlorophyll. The camouflage colors are thereby in this area have an over its area changing emission factor, which is preferably microns in the wavelength range of 3 to 5 is between 5o and 90% and in the wavelength range 8 to 14 microns between 6 0 and 95% vary intended. This variation in the emission factor gives the camouflage in the spectral range of the thermal imaging devices a structure which is matched to that of the natural background in this spectra range.

Die Tarnung im Radarspektralbereich wird dadurch erzielt, daß die metallische Schicht einen spezifischen FLächenwiderstand von maximal einigen Ohm/Quadrat besitzt und daß das Tarnmaterial in Form einer Garnierung mit beispielsweise Sichetschnitt vorliegt. Durch die Kombination von Garnierung und geringem Flächenwiderstand werden die Radarwellen wie das Laub von Bäumen zerstreut, so daß die sich dahinter befindenden Ziele für Radar unsichtbar bleiben.The camouflage in the radar spectral range is achieved in that the metallic layer has a specific surface resistance of at most a few ohms / square and in that the camouflage material is in the form of a garnish with, for example, a sickle cut. By the comm Combination of garnish and low surface resistance, the radar waves are scattered like the leaves of trees, so that the targets behind remain invisible to radar.

Als nachteilig bei dieser Art von Tarnmaterial hat sich zum einen deren Empfindlichkeit erwiesen. Die elektrisch leitende Schicht ändert ihren Widerstand und damit ihre Wirksamkeit auf Grund der Beanspruchung des Tarnmaterials im Gebrauch so erheblich, daß darunter die Tarneigenschaften leiden.One disadvantage of this type of camouflage material has been its sensitivity. The electrically conductive layer changes its resistance and thus its effectiveness due to the stress on the camouflage material in use so significantly that the camouflage properties suffer.

Zum anderen hat das vorbekannte Tarnmaterial die Neigung, sich durch Sonneneinstrahlung stärker zu erwärmen als die natürliche Umgebung, insbesondere natürliches Laubwerk. Das Laubwerk nutzt nämlich die Sonneneinstrahlung teilweise zur Fotosynthese. Außer- dem wird ein Teil der absorbierten Energie in die Umgebung durch Wasserverdunstung wieder abgegeben. Ferner ändern viele PfLanze den Einfallswinkel der Sonneneinstrahlung durch Ändern der Blattstellung, um eine zu starke Erwärmung durch SonneneinstrahLung zu vermeiden. Die Erwärmung von Laubwerk hängt somit nicht allein von dessen Emissionskoeffizienten ab, was zur FoLge hat, daß sich ein getarntes Ziel nach Längerer Sonneneinstrahlung nicht mehr in das BiLd der natürlichen Gräser und BLätter des Hintergrundes einfügt.On the other hand, the previously known camouflage material has a tendency to heat up more than the natural environment, in particular natural foliage, as a result of solar radiation. The foliage partially uses the sun's rays for photosynthesis. In addition, part of the absorbed energy is released into the environment through water evaporation. Furthermore, many plants change the angle of incidence of the solar radiation by changing the leaf position in order to avoid excessive heating by solar radiation. The warming of foliage does not depend solely on its emission coefficients, which means that a camouflaged target no longer fits into the image of the natural grasses and leaves in the background after prolonged exposure to the sun.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, das bekannte, eingangs beschriebene Tarnmaterial so zu verbessern, daß die Tarnwirkung auch bei längerer Sonneneinstrahlung möglichst weitgehend erhalten bleibt und daß ferner die Tarneigenschaften auch bei hoher Gebrauchsbeanspruchung Lange konstant bleiben.The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the known camouflage material described at the outset in such a way that the camouflage effect is retained as far as possible even in the case of prolonged exposure to the sun and that the camouflage properties remain constant for a long time even under high usage stress.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Fäden zwischen sich freie Abstände haben und demgemäß die elektrisch leitende Ausbildung des Grundmaterials und die Außenschicht auf die Fäden selbst beschränkt sind.This object is achieved in that the threads have free spaces between them and accordingly the electrically conductive design of the base material and the outer layer are limited to the threads themselves.

Dieser Ausbildung des Tarnmaterials liegt die schon zur Erfindung gehörende Idee zugrunde, die sich am Tarnmaterial auf Grund dessen Erwärmung bildende Konvektionsströmung zur besseren Wärmeabgabe an die Luft zu nutzen, indem die Wärmeübergangsfläche erheblich vergrößert wird. Durch die freien Abstände der Fäden ist zudem ein Austausch der Luftströmungen möglich. Auf diese Weise hält sich die Erwärmung des Tarnmaterials infolge SonneneinstrahLung in den Grenzen, in denen auch eine Erwärmung des umgebenden Laubmaterials eintritt.This design of the camouflage material is based on the idea already belonging to the invention of using the convection flow which forms on the camouflage material due to its heating for better heat dissipation to the air by considerably increasing the heat transfer area. Due to the free spacing of the threads, an exchange of the air flows is also possible. In this way, the warming of the camouflage material due to solar radiation is kept within the limits within which the surrounding foliage material also heats up.

Hinzu kommt, daß das Tarnmaterial hinsichtlich seiner Tarneigenschaften nicht so schnell durch den Gebrauch beeinträchtigt wird, da keine geschlossene elektrisch leitende Schicht vorhanden ist, die reißen könnte.In addition, the camouflage material is not affected as quickly by its use because there is no closed electrically conductive layer that could tear.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Abdeckung des Tarnmaterials auf Grund der freien Abstände zwischen den Fäden nicht vollständig. Dabei muß ein Kompromiß einerseits hinsichtlich der Größe der Freiräume zwischen den Fäden und andererseits der Notwendigkeit der Bedeckung des militärischen Ziels geschlossen werden. Ein solcher Kompromiß kann darin bestehen, daß die freien Abstände zumindest ein Drittel der Fadendicke, besser noch etwa die Hälfte der Fadendicke, betragen. Auf diese Weise ist genügend PLatz für die konvektive Luftströmung geschaffen, andererseits aber die Bedeckung des militärischen Ziels noch ausreichend.According to the invention, the covering of the camouflage material is not complete due to the free spaces between the threads. A compromise must be made on the one hand with regard to the size of the free spaces between the threads and on the other hand with the need to cover the military target. Such a compromise can consist in that the free distances are at least one third of the thread thickness, better still about half the thread thickness. In this way enough space is created for the convective air flow, but on the other hand the coverage of the military target is still sufficient.

Die Fäden zur BiLdung der netzartigen Struktur des Tarnmaterials beispielsweise in Form eines Gewebes sind in einer Ausführungsform mit einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht versehen. Diese besteht zweckmäßigerweise aus einem Binder, beispielsweise einem Phenolharzbinder, mit elektrisch leitenden Pigmenten, beispielsweise Graphit oder RußteiLchen. Dabei sollten die Pigmente zu etwa 10 bis 50 % im Binder enthalten sein. Eine solche elektrisch Leitende Schicht läßt sich auf einfache Weise durch Aufsprühen oder Aufstreichen auf die Fäden des Grundmaterials auftragen. Die Schicht bewirkt die Tarnung im Radarbereich, weil die Radarstrahlen in die verschiedensten Richtungen zerstreut werden und somit ein ähnliches BiLd entsteht wie bei dem Laub von Bäumen.The threads to form the net - like structure of the In one embodiment, camouflage material, for example in the form of a fabric, is provided with an electrically conductive layer. This expediently consists of a binder, for example a phenolic resin binder, with electrically conductive pigments, for example graphite or soot particles. The binder should contain about 10 to 50% of the pigments. Such an electrically conductive layer can be applied in a simple manner by spraying or brushing onto the threads of the base material. The layer causes camouflage in the radar area because the radar beams are scattered in a wide variety of directions and thus a picture is created similar to that in the leaves of trees.

Alternativ oder in Kombination dazu kann vorgesehen sein, daß zumindest ein Teil der Fäden aus Metall besteht. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch geschehen, daß die Fäden aus kunststofflaminierten Aluminiumstreifen mit einer Breite von 0,2 bis 0,5 mm gebilde: sind. Die Dicke der Aluminiumstreifen kann von 6 bis 20 mm variieren, wobei sie beidseitig in gleicher Dicke kunststofflaminiert sind.Alternatively or in combination, it can be provided that at least some of the threads consist of metal. This can be done, for example, by the threads being formed from plastic-laminated aluminum strips with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the aluminum strips can vary from 6 to 20 mm, whereby they are laminated on both sides with the same thickness.

In beiden FäLLen sollte der FLächenwiderstand in einem Bereich zwischen 2 bis 50 Ohm/Quadrat Liegen, da in diesem Bereich die Reflektion der Radarwellen besonders ausgeprägt ist.In both cases, the surface resistance should be in a range between 2 to 50 ohms / square, since the reflection of the radar waves is particularly pronounced in this area.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform besteht die Außenschicht erfindungsgemäß aus einem synthetischen, offenzelligen SchaumbeLag. Hierdurch wird die für die Wärmeübertragung wirksame OberfLäche noch einmal erheblich vergrößert, was ebenfalls einer übermäßigen Erwärmung des Tarnmaterials infolge SonneneinstrahLung entgegenwirkt.In an advantageous embodiment, the outer layer according to the invention consists of a synthetic, open-cell foam covering. As a result, the surface area which is effective for heat transfer is increased again considerably, which also results in excessive heating of the camouflage material as a result of solar radiation counteracts.

Um das Emissionsvermögen an die natürliche Umgebung anzugleichen, sollte der SchaumbeLag etwa 5 bis 25 % blättchenförmige Metallpigmente, beispielsweise aus Kupfer, Zink, StahL oder Aluminiumteilchen, enthalten. Auf diese Weise läßt sich ein Emissionsfaktor von 70 bis 95 % erzielen, wie er für die Tarnung im Sommer empfehlenswert ist. Für die Tarnung im Winter reicht ein Emissionsfaktor von 40 bis 60 % aus. Das Emissionsvermögen bzw. der Emissionsfaktor ist dabei synonym mit dem Absorptionsvermögen.In order to adjust the emissivity to the natural environment, the foam coating should contain about 5 to 25% flaky metal pigments, for example made of copper, zinc, steel or aluminum particles. In this way, an emission factor of 70 to 95% can be achieved, which is recommended for camouflage in summer. An emission factor of 40 to 60% is sufficient for camouflage in winter. The emissivity or the emission factor is synonymous with the absorbency.

Alternativ dazu kann die Außenschicht auch eine Farbschicht sein, die aus einem im Infrarotspektrum weitgehend transparenten Binder besteht, wie beispielsweise CycLo-Kautschuk, Polyäthylen oder Polypropylen sowie blättchenförmige Metallpygmente, wie beispielsweise Chromoxiden, Eisenoxiden oder Titanoxiden, oder mineralische Pigmente, wie beispielsweise Sienna, KaLk oder Kobaltblau.Alternatively, the outer layer can also be a color layer which consists of a binder which is largely transparent in the infrared spectrum, such as, for example, CycLo rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene, and platelet-shaped metal pigments, such as, for example, chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides, or mineral pigments, such as, for example, Sienna, KaLk or cobalt blue.

Die Grundidee der vorliegenden Erfindung kann aber alternativ oder in Kombination zu dem ersten erfindungsgemäßen VorschLag auch dadurch verwirklicht werden, daß das Tarnmaterial der eingangs genannten Art über die FLäche verteilt mit Vertiefungen und/oder Vorsprüngen versehen wird, die vorzugsweise eingeprägt sind. Durch diese Maßnahme wird ebenfalls die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für die konvektive Luftströmung erheblich vergrößert, wodurch ein besserer Wärmeübergang an die Umgebungsluft erreicht wird. Dies hat zur Folge, daß sich das Tarnmaterial bei Sonneneinstrahlung weniger erhitzt, und zwar auch dann, wenn das Tarnmaterial ohne freie Abstände zwischen den Fäden ausgebildet wird. Im Letzteren Fall kann dann aber die elektrisch leitende Ausbildung und die Außenschicht in gleicher Weise ausgebildet sein wie bei dem Tarnmaterial mit den freien Abständen zwischen den Fäden.The basic idea of the present invention can alternatively or in combination with the first proposal according to the invention also be realized in that the camouflage material of the type mentioned above is provided over the surface with depressions and / or projections, which are preferably embossed. This measure also considerably increases the heat transfer area for the convective air flow, as a result of which better heat transfer to the ambient air is achieved. The consequence of this is that the camouflage material heats up less when exposed to sunlight, even if the camouflage material is formed without free spaces between the threads. In the latter case, then but the electrically conductive formation and the outer layer can be formed in the same way as in the camouflage material with the free spaces between the threads.

Die Vertiefungen bzw. Vorsprünge können beispielsweise halbkugel- und/oder kegelförmig ausgebildet sein. In beiden FäLLen wird eine Vergrößerung der Wärmeübertragungsfläche sowie ein Zerstreuen der reflektierten Radarstrahlen erreicht.The depressions or projections can be hemispherical and / or conical, for example. In both cases, an increase in the heat transfer area and a scattering of the reflected radar beams is achieved.

Die Vertiefungen und/oder die Vorsprünge können eine Tiefe bzw. Höhe von ca. 5 bis 25 mm and einen Durchmesser in gleicher Größenordnung aufweisen. Zweckmäßigerweise sollten sich die Dimensionen der Vertiefungen bzw. Vorsprünge über die FLäche verteilt ändern.The depressions and / or the projections can have a depth or height of approximately 5 to 25 mm and a diameter of the same order of magnitude. The dimensions of the depressions or projections should expediently change distributed over the surface.

Alternativ dazu können die Vorsprünge auch rippenförmig durch entsprechende Faltung des Tarnmaterials ausgebildet sein.As an alternative to this, the projections can also be designed in the form of ribs by appropriate folding of the camouflage material.

Die Erfindung sieht schließlich vor, daß Flecken des Tarnmaterials auf einem Tragnetz unregelmäßig verteilt aufgebracht sind, wobei das Tragnetz aus dem offenmaschigen Tarnmaterial bestehen soLLte.Finally, the invention provides that spots of the camouflage material are applied irregularly distributed on a support net, the support net should consist of the open-mesh camouflage material.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung ar Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher veranschaulicht. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine teilweise Querschnittsansicht eines Tarnmaterials;
  • Figur 2 eine teilweise perspektivische Ansicht des Tarnmaterials gemäß Figur 1;
  • Figur 3 eine teilweise Querschnittsansicht eines anderen TarnmateriaLs;
  • Figur 4a eine perspektivische TeiLansicht eines geprägten Tarnmaterials nach Figur 3;
  • Figur 4b eine Querschnittsansicht des Tarn- materials nach Figur 4a;
  • Figur 5a ein anders geprägtes Tarnmaterial nach Figur 3 in perspektivischer Ansicht;
  • Figur 5b eine Querschnittsansicht des Tarnmater als nach Figur 5a;
  • Figur 6 eine teilweise perspektivische Ansicrt eines rippenförmigen Tarnmater-als nach Figur 3 und
  • Figur 7 eine teilweise schematische Ansicht eines Tarnnetzes mit FLecken des Tarnmaterials nach Figur 3.
In the drawing, the invention is illustrated ar hand of embodiments. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a camouflage material;
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial perspective view of the camouflage material according to FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of another camouflage material;
  • Figure 4a is a partial perspective view of an embossed camouflage material according to Figure 3;
  • FIG. 4b shows a cross-sectional view of the camouflage material according to FIG. 4a;
  • 5a shows a differently shaped camouflage material according to FIG. 3 in a perspective view;
  • FIG. 5b shows a cross-sectional view of the camouflage mat as in FIG. 5a;
  • FIG. 6 shows a partial perspective view of a rib-shaped camouflage material than according to FIGS. 3 and
  • FIG. 7 shows a partially schematic view of a camouflage net with patches of the camouflage material according to FIG. 3.

Das in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Tarnmaterial 1 ist als Trägergewebe ausgebildet, das aus sich kreuzenden Fäden 2, 3 besteht. Als Material für die Fäden 2, 3 kommen insbesondere Kunststoffmonofile in Frage.The camouflage material 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is designed as a carrier fabric, which consists of crossing threads 2, 3. Plastic monofilaments are particularly suitable as the material for the threads 2, 3.

Die Fäden 2, 3 sind, wie insbesondere aus Figur 1 zu sehen ist, von einer elektrisch Leitenden Schicht 4 umgeben, die mittels einer Imprägnierungstechnik aufgetragen worden ist. Deren Leitfähigkeit wird durch elektrisch leitende Pigmente, wie beispielsweise Graphit oder Ruß, bewirkt. Die Graphit- oder Rußteilchen sind in einer Menge von 10 bis 50% in einem Phenolharzbinder enthalten. Die elektrisch Leitende Schicht 4 erscheint dabei schwarz.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the threads 2, 3 are surrounded by an electrically conductive layer 4, which has been applied by means of an impregnation technique. Their conductivity is brought about by electrically conductive pigments, such as graphite or carbon black. The graphite or carbon black particles are contained in an amount of 10 to 50% in a phenolic resin binder. The electrically conductive layer 4 appears black.

Auf diese Schicht 4 ist ein synthetischer, offenzelliger Schaumbelag 5 aufgetragen, und zwar durch Eintauchen in ein entsprechendes Bad und anschließender Aufschäumung und Trocknung. Die offene Zellenstruktur dieses Schaumbelages vergrößert den für die Luftkonvektion wirksamen Wärmeübergangsbereich.On this layer 4 is a synthetic, open cell Foam covering 5 applied, namely by immersing in an appropriate bath and then foaming and drying. The open cell structure of this foam covering increases the heat transfer area effective for air convection.

Der Schaumbelag 5 kann beispielsweise aus PoLyurethan, PoLyoLefin, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyester, PoLyäther, Polystyren oder Polyacrylat bestehen. In dem Schaumbelag 5 sind ungefähr 5 bis 25% MetaLLpigmente, beispielsweise Kupfer, Zink, Stahl oder vorzugsweise Aluminiumblättchen, eingelagert, um einen gewünschten Emissionsfaktor zu erreichen. Für die Sommertarnung sollte der Emissionsfaktcr bzw. das Emissionsvermögen zwischen 70 und 95% des schwarzen Körpers Liegen, während für die Wintertarnurg ein Emissionsvermögen von 40 bis 60X ausreichend ist. Dabei sollte sich das Emissionsvermögen über die Fläche andauernd innerhalb der vorgenannten Bereiche ändern, um die DarsteLLung im Wärmebildgerät auseinanderzureißen und an die Darstellung der natürlichen Umgebung anzupassen.The foam covering 5 can consist, for example, of polyurethane, polyLefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyether, polystyrene or polyacrylate. About 5 to 25% of metal pigments, for example copper, zinc, steel or preferably aluminum flakes, are embedded in the foam covering 5 in order to achieve a desired emission factor. For summer camouflage, the emission factor or emissivity should lie between 70 and 95% of the black body, while for winter camouflage an emissivity of 40 to 60X is sufficient. The emissivity should change continuously over the area within the aforementioned ranges in order to tear apart the representation in the thermal imaging device and to adapt it to the representation of the natural environment.

Wie sich insbesondere aus Figur 2 ersehen läßt, verlaufen die jeweils sich kreuzenden Fäden 2, 3 im Abstand zueinander, so daß Lücken 6 entstehen. Auch dies trägt zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs bei, da die Wärmeübertragungsfläche für die konvektive Luftströmung hierdurch vergrößert wird. Dies hat zur FoLge, daß sich das Tarnmaterial 1 durch die SonnenstrahLung nicht mehr so stark erhitzt, wie dies bei dem bekannten Material der Fall war. Als günstigen Kompromiß zwischen mögLichst guter Abdeckung des zu tarnenden ZieLes und möglichst guter LuftdurchLässigkeit hat es sich erwiesen, den Abstand a zwischen zwei benachbarten Fäden 2 etwa halb bis ein DritteL so groß wie die Dicke b des Fadens 2 selbst zu gestalten. Zur Fixierung der Fäden 2, 3 kann sich eine entsprechende Behandlung anschließen, wie sie in der Textilindustrie üblich ist.As can be seen in particular from Figure 2, the crossing threads 2, 3 run at a distance from each other, so that gaps 6 arise. This also contributes to the improvement of the heat transfer, since the heat transfer area for the convective air flow is thereby increased. This has the consequence that the camouflage material 1 is no longer heated as much by the sun's radiation as was the case with the known material. As a favorable compromise between the best possible coverage of the target to be camouflaged and the best possible air permeability, it has been found to make the distance a between two adjacent threads 2 approximately half to one third as large as the thickness b of the Fadens 2 to design yourself. A corresponding treatment, as is customary in the textile industry, can follow to fix the threads 2, 3.

In Figur 3 ist eine andere Ausführungsform eines Tarnmaterials 7 dargestellt. Auch dieses Tarnmaterial 7 ist aus Fäden 8 gewebt.Another embodiment of a camouflage material 7 is shown in FIG. This camouflage material 7 is also woven from threads 8.

Im Unterschied zu dem in den Figuren 1 und 2 darge- stellten Tarnmaterial 1 ist das hier dargestellte Tarnmaterial 7 jedoch nicht luftdurchlässig ausgebildet. Die Fäden 8 sowie die zwischen ihnen bestehenden Lükken sind mit einer elektrisch Leitenden Schicht 9 umgeben bzw. ausgefüllt, die aus dem gleichen Material bestehen kann wie die elektrisch Leitende Schicht 4 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2. Auf beide Seiten der elektrisch Leitenden Schicht 9 sind Farbschichten 10, 11 aufgetragen, deren Farbbinder im thermischen Infrarotbereich transparent ausgebildet ist, also beispielsweise aus Cyclo-Kautschuk, PoLyäthyLen oder Polypropylen bestehen. In diesem Farbbinder sind hier ebenso wie in dem SchaumbeLag 5 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 MetaLLpigmente eingelagert, mit denen sich das Emissionsvermögen in dem jeweils gewünschten Bereich einstellen läßt, mit dem ZieL, eine möglichst gute Anpassung an das Emissionsvermögen der umgebenden Natur zu erreichen. ALternativ zu den Farbschichten 10, 11 können selbstverständlich auch Schaumbeläge der Art aufgetragen werden, wie sie für das Tarnmaterial 1 nach den Figuren 1 und 2 vorgesehen sind.In contrast to the camouflage material 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the camouflage material 7 shown here is not air-permeable. The threads 8 and the gaps existing between them are surrounded or filled with an electrically conductive layer 9, which can consist of the same material as the electrically conductive layer 4 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. On both sides of the electrically conductive layer 9 are color layers 1 0, 11 applied with a color binder is transparent in the thermal infrared range, that is, for example, cyclo rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene. In this color binder, just like in the foam coating 5 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, metal pigments are incorporated, with which the emissivity can be set in the desired range, with the target, the best possible adaptation to the emissivity of the surrounding nature to reach. As an alternative to the color layers 1 0, 11 and foam coverings of the type can be applied as they are provided for the camouflage material 1 according to Figures 1 and 2, of course.

Die Fäden 8 des Tarnmaterials 7 können auch hier wieder aus Kunststoff, wie beispielsweise Polyester, Nylon, Polyäthylen, PoLypropyLen oder anderen Filamenten bestehen. Die Fäden 8 des Tarnmaterials 7 können jedoch - ebenso wie die Fäden 2, 3 des Tarnmaterials 1 nach den Figuren 1 und 2 - auch selbst elektrisch Leitend ausgebildet werden. Die Herstellung der Fäden 2, 3, 8 geschieht dann so, daß eine dünne Aluminiumfolie mit einer Stärke von 6 bis 20 um beidseitig mit einem dünnen PoLyesterfiLm kaschiert wird, der eine Stärke von jeweils 6 bis 20 µm haben kann. Dieses Material wird dann zu endlosen Fäden in der Breite von 0,2 bis 0,5 mm geschnitten. Die Fäden können dann die Kunststoff-Fäden 2, 3, 8 in den Tarnmaterialien 1, 7 teilweise oder ganz ersetzen.The threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 can also be made of plastic, such as polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or other filaments stand. However, the threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 - like the threads 2, 3 of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 - can also be electrically conductive. The threads 2, 3, 8 are then produced in such a way that a thin aluminum foil with a thickness of 6 to 20 µm is laminated on both sides with a thin polyester film which can have a thickness of 6 to 20 µm in each case. This material is then cut into endless threads with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The threads can then partially or completely replace the plastic threads 2, 3, 8 in the camouflage materials 1, 7.

Damit das Tarnmaterial 7 gemäß Figur 3 eine erhöhte Wärmeübergangsfläche für die vorbeistreifende Konvektions uftströmung hat, wird seine FLäche zusätzLich strukturiert, wie dies aus den Figuren 4, 5 und 6 zu ersehen ist. Bei dem Beispiel nach den Figuren 4a und 4t ist das Tarnmaterial 7' mit napfförmigen Vertiefurgen 12 versehen. Bei dem Beispiel nach den Figuren 5a und 5b sind pyramidenförmige Vertiefungen 13 vorgesehen. Beide Arten von Vertiefungen 12, 13 sind durch entsprechend gravierte KaLander bzw. Walzen eingeprägt worden. Dabei haben die Vertiefungen 12, 13 nicht nur die Aufgabe, die Wärmeübertragungsfläche zu vergrößern, sondern sollen auch die von der jeweils elektrisch Leitenden Schicht 9 reflektierten RadarstrahLen in die verschiedensten Richtungen streuen.In order that the camouflage material 7 according to FIG. 3 has an increased heat transfer surface for the convection air flow passing by, its surface is additionally structured, as can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. In the example according to FIGS. 4a and 4t, the camouflage material 7 'is provided with cup-shaped recesses 12. In the example according to FIGS. 5a and 5b, pyramid-shaped depressions 13 are provided. Both types of depressions 12, 13 have been impressed by appropriately engraved calenders or rollers. The depressions 12, 13 not only have the task of increasing the heat transfer area, but are also intended to scatter the radar beams reflected by the respective electrically conductive layer 9 in a wide variety of directions.

Bei dem Beispiel nach Figur 6 ist das Tarnmaterial 7''' derart gefaltet, daß sich rippenförmige Vorsprünge 14 bilden. Diese Vorsprünge 14 haben die gleich Wirkung wie die Vertiefungen 12, 13 bei den Tarnmaterialien 7' bzw. 7'' in den Figuren 4 und 5.In the example according to FIG. 6, the camouflage material 7 '''is folded in such a way that rib-shaped projections 14 are formed. These projections 14 have the same effect as the depressions 12, 13 in the camouflage materials 7 'and 7''in Figures 4 and 5.

Figur 7 zeigt ein Tarnnetz 15, das aus einem Tragnetz 16 sowie darauf in unregelmäßiger Form und Abständen aufgebrachten, farbigen FLecken 17 besteht. Die Flecken 17 sind aus dem Tarnmaterial 7 gemäß den Figuren 3 bis 6 ausgeschnitten. Das Tragnetz 16 besteht aus dem Tarnmaterial 1 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2.FIG. 7 shows a camouflage net 15 which consists of a support net 16 and colored patches 17 applied thereon in an irregular shape and at intervals. The spots 17 are cut out of the camouflage material 7 according to FIGS. 3 to 6. The support net 16 consists of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Für den koventionellen Wärmeaustausch können das Tragnetz 16 und/oder die FLecken 17 - im Letzteren FaLL vor dem Aufbringen auf das Tragnetz 16 - mit Einschnitten versehen werden.For the conventional heat exchange, the support net 16 and / or the stains 17 - in the latter case before being applied to the support net 16 - can be provided with incisions.

Beispiel 1example 1

Ein Gewebe, hergestellt aus Polypropylen-Monofilen mit einem Durchmesser von ungefähr 0,5 mm, wird mit einem elektrisch leitenden Lack von ungefähr 50 g/m2 be- schichtet, wobei der Lack 12 bis 20% Ruß oder Graphit oder eine Mischung daraus enthält. Der elektrisch Leitende Lack kann durch Spritzen, RoLLen oder Tränken aufgetragen sein. Nach dem Trocknen des Gewebes zur Entfernung des LösungsmitteLs wird es in eine Lösung von 55% PVC und 45% PhthaLate-Weichmacher eingetaucht, das Farbe und MetaLLpigmente enthält. Nach der Trocknung zur Bildung eines Schaumbelages werden auf das Gewebe Flecken aufgeklipst. Diese FLecken bestehen aus einem gewebten TextiLmateriaL von ungefähr 12 Fäden pro cm, das auf beiden Seiten mit einer elektrisch Leitenden Schicht bedeckt ist. Auf diese Schicht werden beidseitig Farbschichten aufgetragen, die einen im thermischen Infrarotbereich im wesentlichen transparenten Binder hat und Wärmestrahlung reflektierende Pigmente enthält, deren Farben im sichtbaren Bereich ebenfalls tarnend wirken. Das textile Material ist mit eingeprägten Vertiefungen versehen, die mittels eines entsprechenden Prägekalanders eingeprägt worden sind.A fabric made from polypropylene monofilament with a diameter of about 0.5 mm, with an electrically conductive coating of about 50 g / m 2 b e - a layer, wherein the lacquer 12 to 20% carbon black or graphite or a mixture thereof contains. The electrically conductive paint can be applied by spraying, rolling or soaking. After drying the fabric to remove the solvent, it is immersed in a solution of 55% PVC and 45% PhthaLate plasticizer, which contains color and metallic pigments. After drying to form a foam covering, spots are clipped onto the fabric. These patches consist of a woven textile material of approximately 12 threads per cm, which is covered on both sides with an electrically conductive layer. Color layers are applied to this layer on both sides, which has a binder that is essentially transparent in the thermal infrared range and contains pigments reflecting heat radiation. whose colors also have a camouflaging effect in the visible area. The textile material is provided with embossed recesses, which have been embossed using an appropriate embossing calender.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Für das im Beispiel 1 beschriebene Gewebe werden anstatt Polypropylen-Monofilen PoLyesterfasern verwendet. Die elektrisch Leitende Schicht enthält ALuminiumteilchen und der Schaumbelag besteht aus einer vorgeschäumten Acrylatdispersion. Um die Leitfähigkeit im Hochfrequenz-Radarbereich zu verbessern, werden vereinzelt Fäden in das textile Material eingewebt, die selbst elektrisch Leitend sind, da sie aus kunststofflaminierten Aluminiumstreifen bestehen.For the fabric described in Example 1, polyester fibers are used instead of polypropylene monofilaments. The electrically conductive layer contains aluminum particles and the foam covering consists of a pre-expanded acrylic dispersion. In order to improve the conductivity in the high-frequency radar range, individual threads are woven into the textile material that are themselves electrically conductive, since they consist of plastic-laminated aluminum strips.

Claims (18)

1. Tarnmaterial für die Tarnung militärischer ZieLe gegen Aufkläreng im nahen und fernen Infrarotwellenbereich sowie im MiLLimeter-und Zentimeterwellen-Radarbereich, mit einem aus Fäden netzartig aufgebauten Grundmaterial, das zumindest einseitig elektrisch Leitend mit geringem spezifischen Flächenwiderstand ausgebildet ist und eine darauf aufgebrachte Außenschicht aufweist, die im fernern Infrarotwellenbereich einen sich über die FLäche änderncen Emissionsfaktor hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (2, 3) zwischen sich freie Abstände (a) haben und demgemäß die elektrisch Leitende AusbiLdung des Grundmaterials und die Außenschicht (5) auf die Fäden (2, 3) selbst beschränkt sind.1. camouflage material for camouflaging military targets against reconnaissance in the near and far infrared wave range as well as in the MiLLimeter and centimeter wave radar range, with a base material constructed from threads in a net-like manner, which is electrically conductive on at least one side with a low specific surface resistance and has an outer layer applied thereon, which has an emission factor that changes over the surface in the far infrared wave range, characterized in that the threads (2, 3) have free distances (a) between them and accordingly the electrically conductive formation of the base material and the outer layer (5) on the threads ( 2, 3) themselves are limited. 2. Tarnmaterial nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die freien Abstände (a) zumindest ein Drittel, insbesondere etwa die Hälfte der Fadendicke (b) betragen.2. camouflage material according to claim 1, characterized in that the free distances (a) at least one Third, in particular about half the thread thickness (b). 3. Tarnmaterial für die Tarnung militärischer ZieLe gegen Aufklärung im nahen und fernen Infrarotwellenbereich sowie im Millimeter- und Zentimeterwellen-Radarbereich, mit einem aus Fäden netzartig aufgebauten Grundmaterial, das zumindest einseitig elektrisch leitend mit geringem spezifischen Flächenwiderstand ausgebildet ist und eine darauf aufgebrachte Außenschicht aufweist, die im fernen Infrarotwellenbereich einen sich über die FLäche ändernden Emissionsfaktor hat, auch nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das TarnmateriaL (7) über die Fläche verteilt mit Vertiefungen (13, 14) und/oder Vorsprüngen (14) versehen ist.3. camouflage material for camouflaging military targets against reconnaissance in the near and far infrared wave range as well as in the millimeter and centimeter wave radar range, with a base material composed of threads in a net-like manner, which is electrically conductive on at least one side with a low specific surface resistance and has an outer layer applied thereon, which in the far infrared wave range has an emission factor which changes over the area, also according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the camouflage material (7) is provided with depressions (13, 14) and / or projections (14) distributed over the area. 4. TarnmateriaL nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen (12, 13) und/ oder die Vorsprünge (14) eingeprägt sind. 4th Camouflage material according to claim 3, characterized in that the depressions (12, 13) and / or the projections (14) are embossed. 5. Tarnmaterial nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen (12, 13) bzw. Vorsprünge halbkugel- und/oder kegelförmig ausgebildet sind.5. camouflage material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the recesses (12, 13) or projections are hemispherical and / or conical. 6. TarnmateriaL nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen (12, 13) und/oder die Vorsprünge (14) eine Tiefe bzw. Höhe von ca. 5 bis 25 mm und einen Durchmesser in gleicher Größenordnung aufweisen.6. camouflage material according to claim 5, characterized in that the recesses (12, 13) and / or the projections (14) have a depth or height of about 5 to 25 mm and a diameter of the same order of magnitude. 7. Tarnmaterial nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dimensionen der Vertiefungen (12, 13) bzw. Vorsprünge (14) sich über die Fläche verteilt ändern.7. camouflage material according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the dimensions of the recesses (12, 13) or projections (14) change distributed over the surface. 8. Tarnmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorsprünge (14) rippenförmig ausgebildet sind.8. Camouflage material according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the projections (14) are rib-shaped. 9. Tarnmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fäden (2, 3, 8) mit einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht (4, 9), beispielsweise aus einem Binder, insbesondere Phenolharzbinder mit elektrisch Leitenden Pigmenten, insbesondere Graphit-, Ruß- oder Aluminiumteilchen, versehen sind.9. camouflage material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the threads (2, 3, 8) with an electrically conductive layer (4, 9), for example made of a binder, in particular phenolic resin binder with electrically conductive pigments, in particular graphite , Soot or aluminum particles. 10. Tarnmaterial nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pigmente zu 10 bis 50% im Binder enthalten sind.1 0 . Camouflage material according to claim 9, characterized in that 10 to 50% of the pigments are contained in the binder. 11. Tarnmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Teil der Fäden aus Metall, beispielsweise aus kunststofflaminierten Aluminiumstreifen m4t einer Breite von 0,2 bis 0,5 mm bestehen.11. Camouflage material according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least some of the threads are made of metal, for example of plastic-laminated aluminum strips m 4 t, with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. 12. Tarnmaterial nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aluminiumstreifen eine Dicke von 6 bis 20 µm und beidseitig in gleicher Dicke kunststofflaminiert sind.12. camouflage material according to claim 11, characterized in that the aluminum strips have a thickness of 6 to 20 microns and are laminated on both sides in the same thickness. 13. Tarnmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flächenwiderstand zwischen 2 bis 50 Ohm 2 beträgt.13. camouflage material according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the surface resistance is between 2 to 50 ohms 2 . 14. Tarnmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenschicht (5) aus einem synthetischen, offenzelligen Schaumbelag, beispielsweise aus Polyurethan, Polyolefin, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyester, Polyäther, Polystyren, Polyacrylat, besteht.14. Camouflage material according to one of claims 1 to 13, there characterized in that the outer layer (5) consists of a synthetic, open-cell foam covering, for example of polyurethane, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyether, polystyrene, polyacrylate. 15. Tarnmaterial nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schaumbelag (5) etwa 5 bis 50% blättchenförmige Metallpigmente, beispielsweise Kupfer, Zink, Stahl oder ALuminiumteiLchen enthält.15. camouflage material according to claim 14, characterized in that the foam covering (5) contains about 5 to 50% platelet-shaped metal pigments, for example copper, zinc, steel or aluminum particles. 16. Tarnmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenschicht eine Farbschicht (10, 11) ist, die aus einem im Infrarotspektrum weitgehend transparenten Binder, wie beispielsweise Cyclo-Kautschuk, PoLyäthyLen oder Polypropylen, und blättchenförmigen Metallpigmenten, beispielsweise Chromoxyden, Eisenoxyden oder Titanoxyden oder mineralischen Pigmenten, beispielsweise Sienna, Kalk oder Kobaltblau, besteht.16. Camouflage material according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the outer layer is a color layer (10, 11) which consists of a largely transparent in the infrared spectrum binder, such as cyclo-rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene, and platelet-shaped metal pigments, for example Chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides or mineral pigments, for example sienna, lime or cobalt blue. 17. Tarnmaterial nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß FLecken des Tarnmaterials (7) auf einem Tragnetz (16) unregelmäßig verteilt aufgebracht sind.17. Camouflage material according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that patches of the camouflage material (7) are applied irregularly distributed on a support net (16). 18. Tarnmaterial nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tragnetz (16) aus dem Tarnmaterial (1) mit im freien Abstand zueinander befindlichen Fäden (2, 3) besteht.18. Camouflage material according to claim 17, characterized in that the support net (16) consists of the camouflage material (1) with threads (2, 3) located at a free distance from one another.
EP84106347A 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Camouflage material for camouflaging military targets Expired EP0129744B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106347T ATE29924T1 (en) 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 CAMOUFLAGE MATERIAL FOR MILITARY TARGET CAMOUFLAGE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/507,969 US4465731A (en) 1983-06-27 1983-06-27 Universal camouflage for military objects
US507969 1983-06-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0129744A2 true EP0129744A2 (en) 1985-01-02
EP0129744A3 EP0129744A3 (en) 1985-11-06
EP0129744B1 EP0129744B1 (en) 1987-09-23

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EP84106347A Expired EP0129744B1 (en) 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Camouflage material for camouflaging military targets

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US (1) US4465731A (en)
EP (1) EP0129744B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE29924T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1230969A (en)
DE (1) DE3466432D1 (en)

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EP0311698A2 (en) * 1987-06-24 1989-04-19 Fibrotex Ltd. Three dimensional camouflage net
DE3840664A1 (en) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-07 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm MULTI-SPECTRAL CAMOUFLAGE (RADAR ARN NET)
WO1991019950A1 (en) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-26 Barracuda Technologies Ab Thermal and visual camouflage
DE29716362U1 (en) * 1996-09-14 1998-01-08 Ploucquet C F Gmbh Thermal tarpaulin
RU2546470C1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-04-10 Сергей Александрович Филин Camouflage net

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US4621012A (en) * 1984-11-15 1986-11-04 Gunter Pusch Camouflage net having a semiconductive layer
US4728677A (en) * 1986-05-30 1988-03-01 The B. F. Goodrich Company Weatherable vinyl polymer compositions
US4766610A (en) * 1987-01-22 1988-08-30 Varo, Inc. Replaceable cushion liner for military headgear
US4741054A (en) * 1987-01-22 1988-05-03 Varo, Inc. Chin cup for use with military headgear
JPS63159695U (en) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19
JPS63159697U (en) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19
JPS63159696U (en) * 1987-04-08 1988-10-19
EP0329320B1 (en) * 1988-02-19 1995-01-25 J & D WILKIE LIMITED Thermal camouflage fabric
DE3810121A1 (en) * 1988-03-25 1989-10-05 Hornschuch Ag K Camouflage net and method for its production
JPH0689998B2 (en) * 1988-08-11 1994-11-14 東レ株式会社 Far-infrared camouflage auxiliary material
GB2237862B (en) * 1989-10-30 1994-07-06 Colebrand Ltd Absorbers
US5955175A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-09-21 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Infra-red reflective coverings
SE513643C2 (en) * 1998-09-07 2000-10-16 Barracuda Tech Ab Masking material with optical masking effect, with three-dimensional surface structure
EP1224431A4 (en) * 1999-10-01 2003-10-15 John L Larue Camouflaged structure and method of camouflaging a structure against a background having a generally uniform composition
DE10240802A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-04-15 W.L. Gore & Associates Gmbh IR reflective material
KR100775127B1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2007-11-08 삼양화학공업주식회사 Camouflage textile using electroless plating fiber
US8075567B2 (en) * 2007-03-22 2011-12-13 Anchor Products Company Surgical tissue retrieval instrument
US9668530B2 (en) * 2013-01-30 2017-06-06 Stephen D. Miller Resilient prominence fabric and articles made therefrom
CN106364106B (en) * 2016-08-17 2019-05-31 浙江盛发纺织印染有限公司 A kind of counterreconnaissance equipment special fabric of pants
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EP0311698A2 (en) * 1987-06-24 1989-04-19 Fibrotex Ltd. Three dimensional camouflage net
EP0311698A3 (en) * 1987-06-24 1989-11-08 Fibrotex Ltd. Three dimensional camouflage net
DE3840664A1 (en) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-07 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm MULTI-SPECTRAL CAMOUFLAGE (RADAR ARN NET)
WO1991019950A1 (en) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-26 Barracuda Technologies Ab Thermal and visual camouflage
DE29716362U1 (en) * 1996-09-14 1998-01-08 Ploucquet C F Gmbh Thermal tarpaulin
RU2546470C1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-04-10 Сергей Александрович Филин Camouflage net

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE29924T1 (en) 1987-10-15
DE3466432D1 (en) 1987-10-29
CA1230969A (en) 1988-01-05
EP0129744A3 (en) 1985-11-06
US4465731A (en) 1984-08-14
EP0129744B1 (en) 1987-09-23

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