EP0121222A2 - Apparatus and method to store data on a portable data carrier for the identification of persons - Google Patents

Apparatus and method to store data on a portable data carrier for the identification of persons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0121222A2
EP0121222A2 EP84103387A EP84103387A EP0121222A2 EP 0121222 A2 EP0121222 A2 EP 0121222A2 EP 84103387 A EP84103387 A EP 84103387A EP 84103387 A EP84103387 A EP 84103387A EP 0121222 A2 EP0121222 A2 EP 0121222A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
information signals
signals
person
storage medium
stored
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Granted
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EP84103387A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0121222B1 (en
EP0121222A3 (en
Inventor
Hartwig Dr. Rüll
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT84103387T priority Critical patent/ATE40608T1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S283/00—Printed matter
    • Y10S283/904—Credit card

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for storing information on a portable storage medium for personal identification, an apparatus for carrying out the method and a portable storage medium produced using such a method.
  • An automatic person verification system described in U.S. Patent 3,781,113 has a coherent-optical filter matched correlator. It calculates the two-dimensional cross-correlation function between the present fingerprint and a fingerprint that was previously encrypted on an identification card. If these fingerprints match, a bright light spot is created at the output of the optical system. If the prints do not match, a random pattern of low light inks generated. Each time the correlated peak exceeds a predetermined threshold, a green light is turned on and a relay is closed. Closing the relay is typically used to energize a door lock solenoid.
  • Each identification card in the automatic person verification system contains a small piece of photographic film. The image recorded on this piece of film or chip represents a coded version of the fingerprint of the wearer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for personal identification or personal identification which cannot be avoided by unauthorized persons and a device for carrying out such a method.
  • An advantage of the invention lies in the fact that a Verfähren and a device for a Geographicidenti - fiz istssystem or -beglaubistssystem is provided, said scrambled information, the personal characteristics or properties corresponds to the user is stored on a portable storage medium.
  • the invention also provides a personal identification or authentication system in which scrambled information corresponding to a person's personal characteristics or properties is stored on a portable storage medium. To carry out this storage, the personal characteristics of a person are first scanned. Then information signals corresponding to the scanned personal features or properties are derived and a characteristic scrambling key is derived from the information signals. This scrambling is to co - decode the information signals used, which are then stored on the portable storage medium.
  • the invention further provides a method and apparatus for verifying a person's identity using a portable storage medium on which encoded information signals for personal identification have been stored.
  • the personal characteristics or properties of the person to be identified are scanned and existing information signals which correspond to the scanned characteristics or properties are derived.
  • one characteristic scrambling key derived from the present information signals and a first set of comparative encoded information signals stored on the portable storage medium is sampled and decoded with the characteristic scrambling key derived from the present information.
  • a second set of comparison signals is derived from the decoded information signals and compared with the first set of comparison signals to verify the identity of the person.
  • the present invention may use personal traits or features such as fingerprints, language, and faces.
  • Holograms, scrambled magnetic recording systems or a light modulation system can also be used.
  • the device for storing information uses a fundamentally coherent light source in the form of a laser 1, which directs a light beam 2 onto a beam splitter 3 and also onto a slide 4 on which there is a photograph of a fingerprint to be stored on an identification card 5.
  • the beam splitter 3 directs a reference laser beam 6 onto a mirror 7 and then towards the encoder 8, which is described in more detail below.
  • the reference laser beam 6 passing through the encoder 8 strikes the card 5 and thereby superimposes the object beam 11 focused by a lens 9 and generates a hologram.
  • a sensitive film 10 is arranged on the card 5, and when the subject's fingerprint has been brought into the object beam by means of the slide 4, exposure is made to both the reference laser beam 6 and the object beam 11.
  • the lens focuses so that a real image 12 is generated at a distance behind the card 5 from the slide with the fingerprint.
  • a detector 14 detects personal properties or features from an existing fingerprint 15 of the person to be identified.
  • the detector 14 coupled to the sensor 13 derives information signals which correspond to the scanned present fingerprint 15 and forwards these signals to an image processing system 16.
  • a typical image processing system that includes a sensor and a detector is described in U.S. Patent Application, US Serial No. 176,695.
  • the image processing system generates a code word 17 based on the fingerprint features, which consists of a sequence of binary digits which describes the features or properties of the fingerprint in accordance with rules used for fingerprint acquisition, which are described in "The LX39 Latent Fingerprint Matcher” NBS Special Publication 50-36, Issued Aug 1978; “Manual and Automated Fingerprint Registration”, NBS Technical Note 780, Issued June 1972, and “The M40 Fingerprint Matcher”, NBS Technical Note 878, 1972.
  • the code word represents a scrambling key and is supplied to an encoder 8 which comprises an electronic decoder 18 and a mechanical device.
  • the mechanical device has a coded aperture 19, which consists of a plate carrying an aperture of any shape, the plate being movable by electronic means in accordance with the coordinate axes in the x, y or z direction.
  • the coded aperture arranged between the reference laser beam and the identification card modulates the reference laser beam.
  • the laser beam is then dispersed by a dispersing unit 20, which consists of a matt screen, for example made of glass.
  • the encoder which typically disperses as a general optical element that consists of a matt screen, such as glass.
  • the encoder which is typically referred to as a general element, changes the phase and / or amplitude of the laser beam passing through it.
  • the encoded aperture is used as a reflective element, the laser beam is reflected by this element statistically or randomly.
  • the encoded aperture 19 which is mechanically moved in three directions including circular motion by the encoder, acts as a means for scrambling the reference laser beam to produce a scrambled hologram for use on the identification card.
  • the scrambling depends on the fingerprint of the person to be registered.
  • the identification card now carries a photograph of an encoded hologram of the person's fingerprint on a film 10 encoded by a scrambling key derived from the current or present fingerprint 15.
  • the use of the card 5 in a person identification system is described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • Any person who enters facilities that are secured by the person identification system according to the invention inserts their identification card, which carries their encoded fingerprint hologram, into a decoding device.
  • the image processing system 16 coupled to the detector 14 develops a characteristic code word 17 which, as described above, represents a scrambling key.
  • the code word 17 is supplied to the decoder 21, which operates and is configured as has already been described.
  • the encoder moves the encoded aperture 19 by mechanical means in accordance with the codeword 17.
  • the reference laser beam 6 is shaped by the encoded aperture 19 in the same manner as it was modulated during the generation of the identification card.
  • the reference laser beam then strikes the dispersing unit 20 in the form of a matt screen to produce a dispersed reference laser beam 28.
  • the card 5 is exposed by the dispersed and demodulated reference laser beam and a decoded real image 12 of the fingerprint is projected onto a photo-optical sensor 22.
  • the sensor 22 is arranged at the same distance from the card as the real image of the fingerprint is arranged away from the card shown in FIG. 1. This is an integral part of the sensor-detector system that is used to develop the information signals.
  • a second image processing system 23 which operates and is configured as the image processing system 16 that has already been discussed, develops a second code word 24 based on the decoded image that is projected onto the sensor.
  • This ' code word consists of a series of binary digits.
  • a comparator 25 coupled to the image processing system 16 of the present fingerprint and to the second image processing system 23 of the decoded fingerprint compares the two code words. If the code word 17 derived from the present fingerprint matches or matches the code word 24 derived from the stored and decoded fingerprint, a light 26 is excited and a gate 27 is unlocked.
  • a method and apparatus for storing information in a scrambled form related to personal characteristics of a person have been described.
  • This information can be stored on a portable storage medium that can be carried by the person and used to gain access to a secure area by decoding in place and verifying the stored information.

Abstract

A method and apparatus for storing, in scrambled form, information relating to the personal features of a person. This information can be stored on a portable storage medium which can be carried by the person and used to gain access to a secured area by on-site decoding and verification of the stored information.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Speichern von Information auf einem tragbaren Speichermedium zur Personenidentifizierung, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie ein mit einem derartigen Verfahren hergestelltes tragbares Speichermedium.The present invention relates to a method for storing information on a portable storage medium for personal identification, an apparatus for carrying out the method and a portable storage medium produced using such a method.

Die Verwendung von Kreditkarten und Kontobelastungsplatten erfordert ein Mittel zur positiven Identifizierung, das ein Fälschen nicht zuläßt bzw. fälschungssicher ist. Außerdem macht die Notwendigkeit der Identifizierung von Personen für den Zugang zu gesicherten Bereichen eine positive Identifizierung erforderlich, um Personenvortäuschungen zu verhindern. Die Personenerkennung ist das ideale Identifizierungsverfahren, jedoch ist es unpraktisch, wenn man von wenigen Situationen absieht.The use of credit cards and account debit cards requires a means of positive identification that does not allow forgery or is counterfeit-proof. In addition, the need to identify people for access to secure areas requires positive identification to prevent falsification. Personal identification is the ideal method of identification, but it is impractical to ignore a few situations.

Ein im US-Patent 3 781 113 beschriebenes automatisches Personenverifizierungssystem weist einen kohärentoptischen, filterangepaßten Korrelator auf. Es rechnet die zweidimensionale Kreuzkorrelationsfunktion zwischen dem vorliegenden Fingerabdruck und einem Fingerabdruck aus, der früher auf einer Identifizierungskarte verschlüsselt worden ist. Wenn diese Fingerabdrücke übereinstimmen, wird am Ausgang des optischen Systems ein hell leuchtender Lichtfleck erzeugt. Wenn die Abdrücke nicht übereinstimmen, wird ein Zufallsmuster niedriger Lichtintensität erzeugt. Jedesmal wenn die korrelierte Spitze eine vorbestimmte Schwelle überschreitet, wird ein grünes Licht eingeschaltet und ein Relais geschlossen. Das Schließen des Relais wird typischerweise dazu benutzt, ein Türschloßsolenoid zu erregen. Jede Identifizierungskarte in dem automatischen Personenverifizierungssystem enthält ein kleines fotografisches Filmstück. Das auf diesem Filmstück bzw. Chip aufgezeichnete Bild stellt eine kodierte Version des Fingerabdrucks des Trägers dar. Jede Person, die Zutritt zu einer durch dieses automatische Personenverifizierungssystem geschützte Einrichtung sucht, muß einen frischen Ölfingerabdruck auf einem speziellen Fenster absetzen. Wie vorstehend erwähnt, korreliert das System den frischen Fingerabdruck mit dem gespeicherten Fingerabdruck. Wenn sie übereinstimmen bzw. zusammenpassen, wird ein grünes Licht angeregt und das Tor entriegelt.An automatic person verification system described in U.S. Patent 3,781,113 has a coherent-optical filter matched correlator. It calculates the two-dimensional cross-correlation function between the present fingerprint and a fingerprint that was previously encrypted on an identification card. If these fingerprints match, a bright light spot is created at the output of the optical system. If the prints do not match, a random pattern of low light inks generated. Each time the correlated peak exceeds a predetermined threshold, a green light is turned on and a relay is closed. Closing the relay is typically used to energize a door lock solenoid. Each identification card in the automatic person verification system contains a small piece of photographic film. The image recorded on this piece of film or chip represents a coded version of the fingerprint of the wearer. Anyone seeking access to a facility protected by this automatic person verification system must leave a fresh oil fingerprint on a special window. As mentioned above, the system correlates the fresh fingerprint with the stored fingerprint. If they match or match, a green light is excited and the gate unlocked.

Obwohl das in dem US-Patent 3 781 113 beschriebene System eine gewisse Sicherheitsschwelle erzeugt, kann jede Person, die das System benutzt und das entsprechende Gerät mit dem Schlüssel zum Dekodieren der auf der Identifizierungskarte fixierten Information hat, jede vertrauliche Information lesen, die auf jeglicher Identifizierungskarte gespeichert ist.Although the system described in U.S. Patent No. 3,781,113 creates a certain security threshold, anyone who uses the system and has the appropriate device with the key to decode the information stored on the identification card can read any confidential information on anyone Identification card is saved.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein von unbefugten Personen nicht umgehbares Verfahren zur Personenidentifzierung bzw. persönlichen Identifikation und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens anzugeben.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for personal identification or personal identification which cannot be avoided by unauthorized persons and a device for carrying out such a method.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. 4 gelöst. Bevorzugte und vorteilhafte Anwendungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.This object is solved by the in the characterizing part of claim 1 or 4. Preferred and advantageous applications of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß ein Verfähren und eine Vorrichtung für ein Personenidenti- fizierungssystem oder -beglaubigungssystem geschaffen ist, wobei verwürfelte Information, die persönlichen Merkmalen oder Eigenschaften des Anwenders enspricht, auf einem tragbaren Speichermedium gespeichert ist.An advantage of the invention lies in the fact that a Verfähren and a device for a Personenidenti - fizierungssystem or -beglaubigungssystem is provided, said scrambled information, the personal characteristics or properties corresponds to the user is stored on a portable storage medium.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für ein Personenidentifizierungssystem geschaffen sind, wobei das tragbare Speichermedium zur Verifikation der Identität einer Person benutzt werden kann. Die Erfindung stellt auch ein Personenidentifizierungssystem oder -beglaubigungssystem bereit, in welchem verwürfelte Information, die persönlichen Merkmalen oder Eigenschaften einer Person entspricht, auf einem tragbaren Speichermedium gespeichert ist. Zur Durchführung dieser Speicherung werden die persönlichen Merkmale einer Person zuerst abgetastet. Dann werden Informationssignale, die den abgetasteten persönlichen Merkmalen oder Eigenschaften entsprechen abgeleitet und aus den Informationssignalen ein charakteristischer Verwürfelungsschlüssel abgeleitet. Dieser Verwürfelungsschlüssel wird zum Ko- dieren der Informationssignale benutzt, die dann auf dem tragbaren Speichermedium gespeichert werden.Another advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that a method and a device for a personal identification system are created, wherein the portable storage medium can be used to verify the identity of a person. The invention also provides a personal identification or authentication system in which scrambled information corresponding to a person's personal characteristics or properties is stored on a portable storage medium. To carry out this storage, the personal characteristics of a person are first scanned. Then information signals corresponding to the scanned personal features or properties are derived and a characteristic scrambling key is derived from the information signals. This scrambling is to co - decode the information signals used, which are then stored on the portable storage medium.

Die Erfindung stellt des weiteren ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Verifizierung der Identität einer Person bereit, das ein tragbares Speichermedium benutzt, auf dem kodierte Informationssignale zur persönlichen Identifikation gespeichert worden sind. Die persönlichen Merkmale oder Eigenschaften der zu identifizierenden Person werden abgetastet und vorliegende Informationssignale, die den abgetasteten Merkmalen oder Eigenschaften entsprechen, werden abgeleitet. Dann wird ein charakteristischer Verwürfelungsschlüssel aus den vorliegenden Informationssignalen abgeleitet und ein erster Satz von zum Vergleich dienenden kodierten Informationssignalen, die auf dem tragbaren Speichermedium gespeichert sind, wird abgetastet und mit dem charakteristischen Verwürfeltungsschlüssel dekodiert, der von den vorliegenden Informationen abgeleitet ist. Ein zweiter Satz Vergleichssignale wird von den dekodierten Informationssignalen abgeleitet und mit dem ersten Satz Vergleichssignalen zur Verifizierung der Identität der Person verglichen.The invention further provides a method and apparatus for verifying a person's identity using a portable storage medium on which encoded information signals for personal identification have been stored. The personal characteristics or properties of the person to be identified are scanned and existing information signals which correspond to the scanned characteristics or properties are derived. Then one characteristic scrambling key derived from the present information signals and a first set of comparative encoded information signals stored on the portable storage medium is sampled and decoded with the characteristic scrambling key derived from the present information. A second set of comparison signals is derived from the decoded information signals and compared with the first set of comparison signals to verify the identity of the person.

Die Entwicklung eines charakteristischen Verwürfelungsschlüssels aus den persönlichen Merkmalen oder Eigenschaften der Person, die Zutritt sucht, und die Verwendung dieses Verwürfelungsschlüssels zwecks Kodierung und Dekodierung verhindert einem Unbefugten Zugang bzw. Zutritt zu einer geschützten Einrichtung. Ein Diebstahl der Vorrichtung, die den Verwürfelungsschlüssel erzeugt, ermöglicht es der Person nur, ihre Personenidentifizierungskarte zu lesen. Deshalb können andere Identifizierungskarten nicht gelesen werden, noch kann durch Verwendung von Identifizierungskarten, die anderen Leuten gehören, ein Zugang gewonnen werden.The development of a characteristic scrambling key from the personal characteristics or properties of the person seeking access and the use of this scrambling key for coding and decoding prevents unauthorized access or access to a protected facility. Theft of the device that generates the scrambling key only allows the person to read their personal identification card. Therefore, other identification cards cannot be read, nor can access be gained by using identification cards owned by other people.

Die vorliegende Erfindung kann beispielsweise persönliche Eigenschaften oder Merkmale, wie beispielsweise Fingerabdrücke, die Sprache und Gesichter, verwenden. Außerdem können Hologramme, verwürfelte magnetische Aufzeichnungssysteme oder ein Lichtmodulationssystem verwendet werden.For example, the present invention may use personal traits or features such as fingerprints, language, and faces. Holograms, scrambled magnetic recording systems or a light modulation system can also be used.

Andere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen und aus den Ansprüchen.Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the claims.

Für ein volles Verständnis der vorliegenden Erfindung sei auf die folgende detaillierte Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen bezug genommen. Von den Figuren zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine teilweise im Schnitt gezeigte schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Speichern von verwürfelter, einem persönlichen Merkmal entsprechender Information auf einem tragbaren Speichermedium, wobei die persönlichen Merkmale oder Eigenschaften von Fingerabdrücken abgeleitet sind und das Speichermedium eine Identifizierungskarte mit einem Hologramm ist; und
  • Figur 2 eine teilweise im Schnitt gezeigte schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung zur Verifikation der Identität einer Person, die eine Identifizierungskarte benutzt, auf der zur persönlichen Identifikation dienende und von Fingerabdrücken abgeleitete Informationssignale mittels eines Hologramms gespeichert worden sind.
For a full understanding of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the figures show:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration, partly in section, of a device for storing scrambled information corresponding to a personal characteristic on a portable storage medium, the personal characteristics or properties being derived from fingerprints and the storage medium being an identification card with a hologram; and
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration, partly in section, of the device for verifying the identity of a person using an identification card on which information signals used for personal identification and derived from fingerprints have been stored by means of a hologram.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird im folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 und 2 der Zeichnungen beschrieben.A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.

Nach Figur 1 verwendet die Vorrichtung zum Speichern von Inforamtion eine grundlegend kohärente Lichtquelle in Form eines Lasers 1, der einen Lichtstrahl 2 auf einen Strahlteiler 3 und auch auf einen Objektträger 4 richtet, auf dem eine Fotografie eines auf einer Identifizierungskarte 5 zu speichernden Fingerabdrucks vorliegt. Der Strahlteiler 3 richtet einen Referenzlaserstrahl 6 auf einen Spiegel'7 und dann zu dem Kodierer 8, der weiter unten eingehender beschrieben wird.According to FIG. 1, the device for storing information uses a fundamentally coherent light source in the form of a laser 1, which directs a light beam 2 onto a beam splitter 3 and also onto a slide 4 on which there is a photograph of a fingerprint to be stored on an identification card 5. The beam splitter 3 directs a reference laser beam 6 onto a mirror 7 and then towards the encoder 8, which is described in more detail below.

Der durch den Kodierer 8 hindurchgehende Referenzlaserstrahl 6 trifft auf die Karte 5 und überlagert dabei den durch eine Linse 9 fokussierten Objektstrahl 11 und erzeugt ein Hologramm. Auf der Karte 5 ist ein empfindlicher Film 10 angeordnet, und wenn der Fingerabdruck des Subjekts mittels des Objektträgers 4 in den Objektstrahl gebracht worden ist, wird sowohl mit dem Referenzlaserstrahl 6 als auch mit dem Objektstrahl 11 eine Belichtung gemacht. Die Linse fokussiert so, daß von dem Objektträger mit dem Fingerabdruck ein reelles Bild 12 in einem Abstand hinter der Karte 5 erzeugt wird.The reference laser beam 6 passing through the encoder 8 strikes the card 5 and thereby superimposes the object beam 11 focused by a lens 9 and generates a hologram. A sensitive film 10 is arranged on the card 5, and when the subject's fingerprint has been brought into the object beam by means of the slide 4, exposure is made to both the reference laser beam 6 and the object beam 11. The lens focuses so that a real image 12 is generated at a distance behind the card 5 from the slide with the fingerprint.

Zur Modulation oder Kodierung des Referenzlaserstrahls 6 erfaßt ein Detektor 14 persönliche Eigenschaften oder Merkmale aus einem vorliegenden Fingerabdruck 15 der zu identifizierenden Person. Der an den Sensor 13 gekoppelte Detektor 14 leitet Informationssignale, die dem abgetasteten vorliegenden Fingerabdruck 15 entsprechen, ab und gibt diese Signale an ein Bildverarbeitungssystem 16 weiter. Ein typisches Bildverarbeitungssystem, das einen Sensor und einen Detektor enthält, ist in der US-Patentanmeldung, US Serial No. 176,695, vorgeschlagen worden.To modulate or encode the reference laser beam 6, a detector 14 detects personal properties or features from an existing fingerprint 15 of the person to be identified. The detector 14 coupled to the sensor 13 derives information signals which correspond to the scanned present fingerprint 15 and forwards these signals to an image processing system 16. A typical image processing system that includes a sensor and a detector is described in U.S. Patent Application, US Serial No. 176,695.

Das Bildverarbeitungssystem erzeugt ein auf den Fingerabdruckmerkmalen basierendes Kodewort 17, das aus einer Folge von Binärziffern besteht, welche die Merkmale oder Eigenschaften des Fingerabdrucks entsprechend von für Fingerabdruckerfassung benutzten Regeln beschreibt, die in "The LX39 Latent Fingerprint Matcher" NBS Special Publication 50-36, Issued Aug. 1978; "Manual and Automated Fingerprint Registration", NBS Technical Note780, Issued June 1972, and "The M40 Fingerprint Matcher", NBS Technical Note 878, 1972 beschrieben sind.The image processing system generates a code word 17 based on the fingerprint features, which consists of a sequence of binary digits which describes the features or properties of the fingerprint in accordance with rules used for fingerprint acquisition, which are described in "The LX39 Latent Fingerprint Matcher" NBS Special Publication 50-36, Issued Aug 1978; "Manual and Automated Fingerprint Registration", NBS Technical Note 780, Issued June 1972, and "The M40 Fingerprint Matcher", NBS Technical Note 878, 1972.

Das Kodewort stellt einen Verwürfelungsschlüssel dar und wird einem Kodierer 8 zugeführt, der einen elektronischen Dekodierer 18 und eine mechanische Vorrichtung oder Einrichtung umfaßt. Die mechanische Einrichtung weist eine kodierte Apertur 19 auf, die aus einer eine Apertur irgendeiner Form tragenden Platte besteht, wobei die Platte entsprechend den Koordinatenachsen in der x-, y- oder z-Richtung durch elektronische Mittel bewegbar ist. Die zwischen dem Referenzlaserstrahl und der Identifizierungskarte angeordnete kodierte Apertur moduliert den Referenzlaserstrahl. Der Laserstrahl wird dann durch eine dispergierende Einheit 20 dispergiert, die aus einer Mattscheibe, beispielsweise aus Glas besteht. Der Kodierer, der typischerweise als ein generelles optisches Element dispergiert, die aus einer Mattscheibe, beispielsweise aus Glas besteht. Der Kodierer, der typischerweise als ein generelles Element bezeichnet ist, ändert die Phase und/oder Amplitude des durch ihn hindurchgehenden Laserstrahls. Wenn die kodierte Apertur als ein reflektierendes Element verwendet wird, wird der Laserstrahl durch dieses Element statistisch oder zufällig reflektiert.The code word represents a scrambling key and is supplied to an encoder 8 which comprises an electronic decoder 18 and a mechanical device. The mechanical device has a coded aperture 19, which consists of a plate carrying an aperture of any shape, the plate being movable by electronic means in accordance with the coordinate axes in the x, y or z direction. The coded aperture arranged between the reference laser beam and the identification card modulates the reference laser beam. The laser beam is then dispersed by a dispersing unit 20, which consists of a matt screen, for example made of glass. The encoder, which typically disperses as a general optical element that consists of a matt screen, such as glass. The encoder, which is typically referred to as a general element, changes the phase and / or amplitude of the laser beam passing through it. When the encoded aperture is used as a reflective element, the laser beam is reflected by this element statistically or randomly.

Die kodierte Apertur 19, die mechanisch in drei Richtungen einschließlich einer Kreisbewegung durch den Kodierer bewegt wird, wirkt als eine Einrichtung zum Verwürfeln des Referenzlaserstrahls, um ein verwürfeltes Hologramm zur Verwendung auf der Identifizierungskarte zu erzeugen. Die Verwürfelung (scrambling) hängt von dem Fingerabdruck der zu registrierenden Person ab.The encoded aperture 19, which is mechanically moved in three directions including circular motion by the encoder, acts as a means for scrambling the reference laser beam to produce a scrambled hologram for use on the identification card. The scrambling depends on the fingerprint of the person to be registered.

Es ist auch möglich, anstelle des mechanischen Kodierers einen elektronisch gesteuerten Dekodierer oder einen elektrooptischen Mustergenerator zu verwenden, wie er beispielsweise in "Laser Focus", Juni 1979, S. 85 oder "Titus device", IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. C24, No. 3, April 1975, S. 393 beschrieben ist.It is also possible to use an electronically controlled decoder or a instead of the mechanical encoder to use electro-optical pattern generator, as described, for example, in "Laser Focus", June 1979, p. 85 or "Titus device", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. C24, no. 3, April 1975, p. 393.

Die Identifizierungskarte trägt jetzt eine Fotografie eines kodierten Hologramms des Fingerabdrucks der Person auf einem Film 10, das durch einen Verwürfelungsschlüssel kodiert ist, der von dem gegenwärtigen oder vorliegenden Fingerabdruck 15 abgeleitet ist.The identification card now carries a photograph of an encoded hologram of the person's fingerprint on a film 10 encoded by a scrambling key derived from the current or present fingerprint 15.

Die Verwendung der Karte 5 in einem Personenidentifizierungssystem wird anhand der Figur 2 beschrieben. Irgendeine Person, die in Einrichtungen eintritt, die durch das erfindungsgemäße Personenidentifizierungssystem gesichert sind, fügt ihre Identifizierungskarte, die ihr kodiertes Fingerabdruckhologramm trägt, in ein Dekodierungsgerät ein. Etwa zur gleichen Zeit muß er einen frischen Fingerabdruck 15 auf den an den Detektor 14 gekoppelten Sensor 13 absetzen, der den Fingerabdruck abtastet und gegenwärtige Informationssignale ableitet, welche dem abgetasteten Fingerabdruck entsprechen. Das an den Detektor 14 gekoppelte Bildverarbeitungssystem 16 entwickelt ein charakteristisches Kodewort 17, welches wie vorstehend beschrieben, einen Verwürfelungsschlüssel darstellt. Das Kodewort 17 wird an den Dekodierer 21 geliefert, der so arbeitet und ausgebildet ist, wie es schon beschrieben worden ist. Der Kodierer bewegt die kodierte Apertur 19 durch mechanische Mittel gemäß dem Kodewort 17. Dadurch wird der Referenzlaserstrahl 6 durch die kodierte Apertur 19 in der gleichen Weise geformt, wie er während der Erzeugung der Identifizierungskarte moduliert worden ist. Der Referenzlaserstrahl trifft dann auf die Dispergierungseinheit 20 in Form einer Mattscheibe, um einen dispergierten Referenzlaserstrahl 28 zu erzeugen.The use of the card 5 in a person identification system is described with reference to FIG. 2. Any person who enters facilities that are secured by the person identification system according to the invention inserts their identification card, which carries their encoded fingerprint hologram, into a decoding device. At about the same time, he must place a fresh fingerprint 15 on the sensor 13 coupled to the detector 14 which scans the fingerprint and derives current information signals which correspond to the scanned fingerprint. The image processing system 16 coupled to the detector 14 develops a characteristic code word 17 which, as described above, represents a scrambling key. The code word 17 is supplied to the decoder 21, which operates and is configured as has already been described. The encoder moves the encoded aperture 19 by mechanical means in accordance with the codeword 17. Thereby, the reference laser beam 6 is shaped by the encoded aperture 19 in the same manner as it was modulated during the generation of the identification card. The reference laser beam then strikes the dispersing unit 20 in the form of a matt screen to produce a dispersed reference laser beam 28.

Zur Dekodierung des Hologramms auf dem Film 10 wird die Karte 5 durch den dispergierten und demodulierten Referenzlaserstrahl belichtet und ein dekodiertes reelles Bild 12 des Fingerabdrucks wird auf einen fotooptischen Sensor 22 projiziert. Der Sensor 22 ist im gleichen Abstand von der Karte angeordnet, wie das reelle Bild des Fingerabdrucks von der in Figur 1 gezeigten Karte entfernt angeordnet ist. Dies stellt einen integralen Teil des Sensor-Detektor-Systems dar, der zur Entwicklung der Informationssignale benutzt wird.To decode the hologram on the film 10, the card 5 is exposed by the dispersed and demodulated reference laser beam and a decoded real image 12 of the fingerprint is projected onto a photo-optical sensor 22. The sensor 22 is arranged at the same distance from the card as the real image of the fingerprint is arranged away from the card shown in FIG. 1. This is an integral part of the sensor-detector system that is used to develop the information signals.

Ein zweites Bildverarbeitungssystem 23, welches so arbeitet und ausgebildet ist, wie das Bildverarbeitungssystem 16, das bereits diskutiert worden ist, entwickelt ein zweites Kodewort 24, das auf dem dekodierten Bild basiert, das auf den Sensor projiziert wird. Dieses'Kodewort besteht aus einer Reihe von Binärziffern.A second image processing system 23, which operates and is configured as the image processing system 16 that has already been discussed, develops a second code word 24 based on the decoded image that is projected onto the sensor. This ' code word consists of a series of binary digits.

Ein an das Bildverarbeitungssystem 16 des vorliegenden Fingerabdrucks und an das zweite Bildverarbeitungssystem 23 des dekodierten Fingerabdrucks gekoppelter Komparator 25 vergleicht beide Kodeworte. Wenn das von dem vorliegenden Fingerabdruck abgeleitete Kodewort 17 mit dem vom gespeicherten und dekodierten Fingerabdruck abgeleiteten Kodewort 24 übereinstimmt oder mit diesem zusammenpaßt, wird ein Licht 26 angeregt und ein Tor 27 entriegelt.A comparator 25 coupled to the image processing system 16 of the present fingerprint and to the second image processing system 23 of the decoded fingerprint compares the two code words. If the code word 17 derived from the present fingerprint matches or matches the code word 24 derived from the stored and decoded fingerprint, a light 26 is excited and a gate 27 is unlocked.

Es wurden ein Verfahren und ein Gerät zum Speichern von Information in verwürfelter Form beschrieben, die sich auf persönliche Merkmale einer Peson beziehen. Dieses Information kann auf einem tragbaren Speichermedium gespeichert werden, das von der Person getragen und dazu benutzt werden kann, einen Zugang zu einem gesicherten Bereich durch Dekodierung am Platz und Verifikation der gespeicherten Information zu gewinnen.A method and apparatus for storing information in a scrambled form related to personal characteristics of a person have been described. This information can be stored on a portable storage medium that can be carried by the person and used to gain access to a secure area by decoding in place and verifying the stored information.

Claims (9)

1. Verfahren zum Speichern von Information auf einem tragbaren Speichermedium (5) zur Personenidentifizierung, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: a) es werden ein oder mehrere persönliche Merkmale (15) einer Person abgetastet; b) es werden ein oder mehrere den abgetasteten persönlichen Merkmalen entsprechende Informationssignale abgeleitet; c) aus den Informationssignalen wird ein Kodierungs- oder Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17) entwickelt; d) der Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17) wird zum Kodieren der Informationssignale verwendet; und e) die kodierten Informationssignale werden auf dem tragbaren Speichermedium (5) gespeichert. 1. A method for storing information on a portable storage medium (5) for personal identification, characterized by the following method steps: a) one or more personal characteristics (15) of a person are scanned; b) one or more information signals corresponding to the scanned personal characteristics are derived; c) a coding or scrambling key (17) is developed from the information signals; d) the scrambling key (17) is used to encode the information signals; and e) the coded information signals are stored on the portable storage medium (5). 2. Verfahren zur Verifikation der Identität einer Person unter Anwendung eines tragbaren Speichermediums (5), auf welchem kodierte Informationssignale zur Personenidentifizierung gespeichert worden sind, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte a) es werden ein oder mehrere persönliche Merkmale (15) der zu identifizierenden Person abgetastet; b) es werden ein oder mehrere vorliegende Informationssignale abgeleitet, die den abgetasteten persönlichen Merkmalen (15) entsprechen; c) aus den vorliegenden Informationssignalen wird ein Kodierungs- oder Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17) entwickelt; d) aus den vorliegenden Informationssignalen wird ein erster Satz Vergleichssignale (17) abgeleitet; e) die auf dem tragbaren Speichermedium (5) gespeicherten kodierten Informationssignale zur Personenidentifizierung werden abgetastet; f) die von dem tragbaren Speichermedium (5) abgelesenen kodierten Informationssignale zur Personenidentifizierung werden dekodiert, wobei der Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17) zur Dekodierung der Informationssignale zur Personenidentifizierung verwendet wird; g) aus den dekodierten Informationssignalen zur Personenidentifizierung wird ein zweiter Satz Vergleichssignale .(24) abgeleitet; und h) der erste und zweite Satz Vergleichssignale (17, 24) wird zur Verifizierung der Identität der Person verglichen. 2. Method for verifying the identity of a person using a portable storage medium (5) on which coded information signals for personal identification have been stored, characterized by the following method steps a) one or more personal characteristics (15) of the person to be identified are scanned; b) one or more existing information signals are derived which correspond to the scanned personal features (15); c) a coding or scrambling key (17) is developed from the available information signals; d) a first set of comparison signals (17) is derived from the available information signals; e) the coded information signals for personal identification stored on the portable storage medium (5) are scanned; f) the coded information signals for personal identification read from the portable storage medium (5) are decoded, the scrambling key (17) being used for decoding the information signals for personal identification; g) the decoded information signals for personal identification become a second set of comparison signals . (24) derived; and h) the first and second set of comparison signals (17, 24) are compared to verify the identity of the person. 3. Die Kombination des das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 umfassenden Verfahrens zur Verifizierung der Identität der Person mit dem Verfahren nach Anspruch 2.3. The combination of the method for verifying the identity of the person comprising the method according to claim 1 with the method according to claim 2. 4. Vorrichtung zum Speichern verwürfelter Information auf einem tragbaren Speichermedium (5) mit a) einer Abtsteinrichtung (13) zum Abtasten eines oder mehrere persönlicher Merkmale einer Person; b) eine mit der Abtasteinrichtung (13) verbundene Ableitungseinrichtung (14) zum Ableiten eines oder mehrerer Informationssignale, die den abgetasteten Merkmalen entsprechen; c) eine mit der Ableitungseinrichtung (14) verbundene Empfangseinrichtung (16) zum Empfang der Informationssignale und Entwicklung eines Kodierungs- oder Verwürfelungsschlüssels (17) aus den Informationgssignalen; d) eine mit der Empfangseinrichtung (16) verbundene Kodierungseinrichtung (8) zum Kodieren der Informationssignale mit dem Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17); und e) eine mit der Kodierungseinrichtung (8) verbundene Speicherungseinrichtung zum Speichern der kodierten Informationssignale auf dem tragbaren Speichermedium (5). 4. Device for storing scrambled information on a portable storage medium (5) a) a scanning device (13) for scanning one or more personal characteristics of a person; b) a derivation device (14) connected to the scanning device (13) for deriving one or more information signals which correspond to the scanned features; c) a receiving device (16) connected to the derivation device (14) for receiving the information signals and developing a coding or scrambling key (17) from the information signals; d) a coding device (8) connected to the receiving device (16) for coding the information signals with the scrambling key (17); and e) a storage device connected to the coding device (8) for storing the coded information signals on the portable storage medium (5). 5. Vorrichtung zur Verifizierung der Identität einer Person unter Anwendung eines tragbaren Speichermediums (5), auf welchem kodierte Informationssignale zur Personenidentifizierung gespeichert worden sind, mit a) einer Abtasteinrichtung (13) zum Abtasten eines oder mehrerer persönlicher Merkmale (15) einer Person; b) einer mit der Abtasteinrichtung (13) verbundenen Ableitungseinrichtung (16) zum Ableiten eines oder mehrerer vorliegender Informationssignale, die den abgetasteten persönlichen Merkmalen (15) entsprechen; c) einer mit der Ableitungseinrichtung (14) verbundenen Entwicklungseinrichtung (16) zum Entwickeln eines Kodierungs- oder Verwürfelungsschlüssels (17) aus den vorliegenden Informationssignalen; d) einer mit der Entwicklungseinrichtung (16) verbundenen Einrichtung zum Ableiten eines ersten Satzes Vergleichssignale (17) aus den vorliegenden Informationssignalen; e) einer mit der Einrichtung zum Ableiten des ersten Satzes Vergleichssignale (17) verbundenen Einrichtung (21) zum Abtasten und Dekodieren der auf dem tragbaren Speichermedium (5) gespeicherten kodierten Informationssignale; f) einer zweiten Einrichtung (23) zum Ableiten eines zweiten Satzes Vergleichssignale (24) aus den dekodierten Informationssignalen; und g) einer mit der Einrichtung (23) zur Ableitung des zweiten Satzes Vergleichssignale (24) verbundenen Einrichtung (25) zum Vergleichen des ersten und zweiten Satzes Vergleichssignale zur Verifizierung der Identität der Person. 5. Device for verifying the identity of a person using a portable storage medium (5) on which coded information signals for personal identification have been stored with a) a scanning device (13) for scanning one or more personal characteristics (15) of a person; b) a derivation device (16) connected to the scanning device (13) for deriving one or more existing information signals which correspond to the scanned personal features (15); c) a development device (16) connected to the derivation device (14) for developing an encoding or scrambling key (17) from the present information signals; d) means connected to the development means (16) for deriving a first set of comparison signals (17) from the present information signals; e) means (21) connected to the means for deriving the first set of comparison signals (17) for sampling and decoding the coded information signals stored on the portable storage medium (5); f) second means (23) for deriving a second set of comparison signals (24) from the decoded information signals; and g) a device (25) connected to the device (23) for deriving the second set of comparison signals (24) for comparing the first and second set of comparison signals to verify the identity of the person. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der erste Satz Vergleichssignale aus einem den Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17) bildenden Kodewort und der zweite Satz Vergleichssignale (24) aus einem zweiten Kodewort besteht.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the first set of comparison signals from a scrambling key (17) constituting code word and the second set of comparison signals (24) consists of a second code word. 7. Vorrichtung zur Verifizierung der Identität der eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 enthaltenden Vorrichtung, kombiniert mit einer Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6.7. Device for verifying the identity of the device containing a device according to claim 4, combined with a device according to claim 5 or 6. 8. Tragbares Speichermedium, auf welchem kodierte Informationssignale zur Personenerkennung gespeichert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die gespeicherten kodierten Informationssignale mit einem von einem oder mehreren persönlichen Merkmalen einer Person nach einer vorbestimmten Regel abgeleiteten charakteristischen Kodierungs- oder Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17) kodiert ist.8. Portable storage medium on which coded information signals for personal identification are stored, characterized in that the stored coded information signals are coded with a characteristic coding or scrambling key (17) derived from one or more personal characteristics of a person according to a predetermined rule. 9. Speichermedium nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die gespeicherten kodierten Informationssignale in einem Hologramm gespeichert sind, das mit dem Verwürfelungsschlüssel (17) kodiert oder verwürfelt ist.9. Storage medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the stored coded information signals are stored in a hologram which is coded or scrambled with the scrambling key (17).
EP84103387A 1983-04-01 1984-03-27 Apparatus and method to store data on a portable data carrier for the identification of persons Expired EP0121222B1 (en)

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US06/481,198 US4532508A (en) 1983-04-01 1983-04-01 Personal authentication system
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ATE40608T1 (en) 1989-02-15
EP0121222B1 (en) 1989-02-01
DE3476594D1 (en) 1989-03-09
US4532508A (en) 1985-07-30
EP0121222A3 (en) 1985-07-10

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