EP0103097B1 - Cavity wall - Google Patents

Cavity wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0103097B1
EP0103097B1 EP19830106752 EP83106752A EP0103097B1 EP 0103097 B1 EP0103097 B1 EP 0103097B1 EP 19830106752 EP19830106752 EP 19830106752 EP 83106752 A EP83106752 A EP 83106752A EP 0103097 B1 EP0103097 B1 EP 0103097B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrier
wall according
sheets
barrier sheet
masonry
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP19830106752
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0103097A2 (en
EP0103097A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Kfm. Dering
Hans-Peter Hahn
Klaus Schmidt
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Ytong AG
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Ytong AG
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Publication of EP0103097A2 publication Critical patent/EP0103097A2/en
Publication of EP0103097A3 publication Critical patent/EP0103097A3/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4178Masonry wall ties
    • E04B1/4185Masonry wall ties for cavity walls with both wall leaves made of masonry

Definitions

  • the invention relates to masonry with an inner shell and an outer shell arranged at a certain distance in front of the inner shell, the masonry shells being connected to one another by wire anchors and water-blocking barrier tracks sitting in the air gap between the inner shell and the outer shell, the wire anchors being in the region through the lower edge arranged cuts and each barrier sheet from the upper edge of the barrier sheet to the lower edge has an inclination towards the outer shell, and wherein the incision area of a barrier sheet overlaps the area of the upper edge of the downward blocking sheet.
  • Such masonry is known from US-A-3 426494.
  • the barrier tracks of this known masonry have incisions on both their lower edges and on their upper edges, a lower and an upper incision area of two adjacent barrier tracks overlapping and the incisions being penetrated together by a wire anchor.
  • the wire anchors have two parallel disks, one disk pressing the upper incision area of a barrier sheet against the inner shell, while the other adjacent barrier sheet is arranged with its lower incision area between the disks.
  • This training however, the assembly is very time consuming and requires a lot of skill.
  • Another disadvantage is that the barrier tracks are water-blocking, i.e. are watertight, are formed, as a result of which they prevent ventilation of the air gap between the masonry shells.
  • the masonry standard DIN 1053 differentiates between double-walled masonry with an air layer and double-walled masonry without an air layer.
  • the air layer should be at least 6 cm thick. If an additional mat-shaped or plate-shaped thermal insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the inner shell, the clear distance between the masonry shells must not exceed 12 cm.
  • Double-layer masonry with an air layer is usually arranged where special protection of the masonry against driving rain is to be achieved. This protection against driving rain must not be reduced by the arrangement of the thermal insulation layer.
  • double-layer masonry with an air layer it is assumed that moisture diffusing through from the interior can be removed through the air layer.
  • the thermal insulation layer must not result in damage due to water vapor condensation in individual layers.
  • the standard regulations therefore have the particular purpose of protecting the inner shell against moisture accumulation, because water penetrating into the air spaces of the building material deteriorates the insulation behavior considerably.
  • the inner shell should regulate the air humidity in the interior by means of temporary moisture absorption and discharge excess moisture to the outside.
  • the masonry construction has the opposite function of repelling rain, but allowing moisture to diffuse outwards in the vapor state. This function is to be guaranteed by the rear-ventilated, curtain-walled or pre-bricked weather shell (outer shell).
  • the water that has penetrated through the facing wall should drain off on the inside of this wall and be directed outwards again at the foot of the wall through the openings prescribed there.
  • eyelets are provided in the anchor or drip disks or similar elements are attached to the anchor. Nevertheless, it has been observed that the thermal insulation layer and the masonry are damp, even if the insulating material is equipped with a water-blocking layer.
  • the double-layer masonry with rear-ventilated facing shell also requires a high level of craftsmanship that can currently only rarely be guaranteed. When bricking up, lumps of mortar must not fall into the air space, where they can create moisture-conducting connections between the outer and inner shell.
  • the outer shell In the case of double-layer masonry in accordance with DIN 1053 without an air layer, the outer shell must be bricked with full joints and adhesive.
  • the shell joint between the outer and inner shell should be 2 cm thick and should be poured in layers of mortar when building up.
  • the mortar disc created by potting the shell joint must not be interrupted.
  • the inner shell of this masonry must be sufficiently heat-insulating.
  • the Mortar disc should ensure tightness against water penetrating from the outside, but still be permeable to water vapor.
  • the double-layer masonry without an air layer which requires little space due to the relatively thin mortar disc, requires even more careful manual work. The investigation of the many moisture damage occurring in the recent past has shown that there was usually a lack of due care in masonry.
  • penetrating water particularly if it is closed-cell foam plastics, could be passed unhindered on the butt joint and enter the walling there, or the penetrating water could penetrate moisture-sensitive insulation materials.
  • a particularly sensitive point for penetrating water is also the point at which the wall anchors are pushed through the insulation layer. Since the position of the wall anchors in the rear wall shell is often fixed so that they do not match the bed joint of the front wall shell, they are then additionally bent, which leads to an expansion of the penetration point. The usual drip discs are not sufficient to cover these areas. The area must rather be covered over a large area with great effort.
  • the object of the invention is to create a two-layer masonry with the smallest possible distance between the shells, which optimally fulfills the requirements of the masonry with regard to moisture and ventilation and does not require any special manual skills for its construction.
  • this is achieved in masonry of the type mentioned at the outset in that the barrier sheets are permeable to water vapor, in that with each barrier sheet only incisions are provided on the lower edge and these incisions are of equal length and go vertically upwards, the length of the incisions being dimensioned so that that the vertical distance of the base point of an incision from the upper edge is slightly smaller than the vertical distance between two horizontal rows of wire anchors, and that the barrier sheets consist of bitumen-soaked fabric sheets.
  • the double-layer masonry according to the invention has the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2.
  • the inner shell 2 should expediently consist of a good thermal insulation building material. Gas concrete blocks or gas concrete plan blocks 3 are preferably used.
  • the outer shell 1 can also consist of conventional building materials.
  • An air gap 4 is provided between the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1. The thickness of the air gap is advantageously about 2 cm.
  • the masonry shells 1 and 2 are connected to wire anchors 5 made of stainless steel.
  • the vertical distance between the wire anchors 5 should generally be 25 cm and the horizontal distance 75 cm.
  • the structure of the masonry should also comply with the other regulations of DIN 1053. For this reason, there is no need to describe the special other features of such masonry.
  • Each wire anchor 5 expediently sits at one end in a joint 6 of the inner shell 2, the joint 6 with a mortar joint 7 of the outer shell 1, in which the other end of the wire anchor is located, should lie at least in a horizontal plane; it can preferably be provided that the wire anchor 5 has a slight slope to the outer shell 1 in the gap 4.
  • a horizontally extending thin barrier sheet 8 which consists of a water-repellent but water-vapor-permeable material, sits on a row of horizontal wire anchors.
  • the invention provides that incisions 10 of the same length preferably go vertically upward from the lower edge 9 in each barrier sheet; the lateral distance between the incisions 10 corresponds preferably the lateral distance between adjacent wire anchors.
  • the barrier track can expediently also have several or numerous incisions 10 in a fringe-like manner, which are set closer (for example at a distance of 2-5 cm) than the normalized distance of the wire anchors.
  • the position of the incisions 10 is dimensioned such that the vertical distance of the base point 11 of an incision 10 from the top edge 12 of the barrier sheet is slightly smaller than the perpendicular Distance between two horizontal rows of adjacent wire anchors. It must not be less than the distance of the base points 11 from the lower edge 9 of the subsequent tracks arranged above the respective track.
  • Such prepared barrier sheets are placed according to the invention on a row of wire anchors so that the wire anchors 5 pass through the incisions 10 and the base points 11 of the incisions 10 rest on the wire anchors, each barrier sheet 8 having an inclination to the outer shell from the upper edge 12 to the lower edge 9 (slope ).
  • This arrangement ensures that the barrier tracks 8 are positioned in a shingle-like manner with respect to one another, the incision area 13 of a barrier track engaging over the area of the upper edge 12 of the barrier track following downwards. In this way, the entire wall is completely covered and protected against water coming from outside.
  • the vertical joints 14 of the inner shell 2 can be covered by providing a lateral protrusion 15 in the lateral end region of a barrier sheet next to the last wire anchor 5 for this sheet (FIG. 2).
  • Barrier sheets suitable for the purposes of the invention should be fabric sheets impregnated with bitumen; Sheets of bitumen felt or bitumen cork felt known per se are outstandingly suitable. Such sheets are used as insulation materials for sound and heat insulation. They are made from long-fiber, organic materials such as hemp, jute, coconut and wood fibers and mixed together to form an elastic fleece. The subsequent impregnation with bitumen creates a supple and very resistant insulation mat. Bitumen cork felt also contains expanded cork shot. This makes the mat structure looser and more elastic.
  • bituminized glass fiber felt mats are very suitable.
  • Bituminized cardboard especially ribbed cardboard, can also be used.
  • the material of the fabric in particular the bitumen, nestles or flows plastically in the incision area (13) around a wire anchor in such a way that the contact point is at least water-repellent, preferably "watertight".
  • Products impregnated with bitumen ensure such a "watertight" condition of the contact point, which is why the selection of these substances surprisingly leads to an optimal water barrier without additional measures such as drip disks, drip noses or the like being required on the anchor.
  • the thickness of a barrier sheet is preferably about 2 to 8 mm.
  • the shingle-like arrangement of the sheets advantageously ensures that air spaces (not shown in detail) remain free in the air gap 4, which to a certain extent ensure air layer functions, in particular rear ventilation, in addition to the barrier action of the barrier sheets, so that in the air gap 4, which should preferably be about 2 cm thick, provides excellent protection of the inner shell against water penetrating from the outside.
  • Fig. 1 the air gap 4 is drawn disproportionately thick, so that the invention can be better illustrated.
  • the webs 8 can be guided from the inner shell 2 to the outer shell 1 in such a way that each web touches both shells without the function of the shell joint being impaired.
  • Water penetrating through the outer shell to the barrier membrane runs off the barrier membrane and, due to the shingle-like arrangement of the membrane, runs to the base of the masonry, from where it is derived in a manner known per se.
  • the anchors no longer form a weak point with respect to the water pipe, because the bitumen in the barrier membrane provides an effective seal. Moisturization of the inner shell is completely prevented.
  • the invention can also be used in cases in which additional insulation with an air layer is provided by arranging the barrier sheets according to the invention in front of the insulation. If necessary. the barrier sheet arrangement according to the invention can also be provided in front of a core insulation without an air layer.
  • the barrier sheets used according to the invention ensure excellent water vapor diffusion, so that the shell joint also meets the requirements in this respect.
  • the material is waterproof.
  • the construction of the masonry according to the invention causes only relatively low construction costs in terms of work and materials.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Mauerwerk mit einer Innenschale und einer mit einem bestimmten Abstand vor der Innenschale angeordneten Außenschale, wobei die Mauerwerkschalen durch Drahtanker miteinander verbunden sind und im-Luftspalt zwischen der Innenschale und der Außenschale auf den Drahtankern wassersperrende Sperrbahnen sitzen, wobei die Drahtanker im Bereich der Unterkante angeordnete Einschnitte durchgreifen und jede Sperrbahn von der Oberkante der Sperrbahn zur Unterkante eine Neigung zur Außenschale hin aufweist, und wobei der Einschnittbereich einer Sperrbahn den Bereich der Oberkante der nach unten folgenden Sperrbahn übergreift.The invention relates to masonry with an inner shell and an outer shell arranged at a certain distance in front of the inner shell, the masonry shells being connected to one another by wire anchors and water-blocking barrier tracks sitting in the air gap between the inner shell and the outer shell, the wire anchors being in the region through the lower edge arranged cuts and each barrier sheet from the upper edge of the barrier sheet to the lower edge has an inclination towards the outer shell, and wherein the incision area of a barrier sheet overlaps the area of the upper edge of the downward blocking sheet.

Ein derartiges Mauerwerk ist aus der US-A-3 426494 bekannt. Die Sperrbahnen dieses bekannten Mauerwerks weisen sowohl an ihren Unterkanten als auch an ihren Oberkanten Einschnitte auf, wobei sich jeweils ein unterer und ein oberer Einschnittbereich zweier benachbarter Sperrbahnen überlappen und die Einschnitte gemeinsam von jeweils einem Drahtanker durchgriffen werden. Die Drahtanker weisen zwei zueinander parallele Scheiben auf, wobei eine Scheibe den oberen Einschnittbereich einer Sperrbahn gegen die Innenschale drückt, während die andere benachbarte Sperrbahn mit ihrem unteren Einschnittbereich zwischen den Scheiben angeordnet ist. Durch diese Ausbildung ist jedoch die Montage sehr zeitaufwendig und erfordert viel Geschicklichkeit. Weiterhin ist von Nachteil, daß die Sperrbahnen wassersperrend, d.h. wasserdicht, ausgebildet sind, wodurch sie eine Hinterlüftung des Luftspaltes zwischen den Mauerwerkschalen behindern.Such masonry is known from US-A-3 426494. The barrier tracks of this known masonry have incisions on both their lower edges and on their upper edges, a lower and an upper incision area of two adjacent barrier tracks overlapping and the incisions being penetrated together by a wire anchor. The wire anchors have two parallel disks, one disk pressing the upper incision area of a barrier sheet against the inner shell, while the other adjacent barrier sheet is arranged with its lower incision area between the disks. This training, however, the assembly is very time consuming and requires a lot of skill. Another disadvantage is that the barrier tracks are water-blocking, i.e. are watertight, are formed, as a result of which they prevent ventilation of the air gap between the masonry shells.

Die Mauerwerksnorm DIN 1053 unterscheidet bei zweischaligem Mauerwerk für Außenwände zwischen zweischaligem Mauerwerk mit Luftschicht und zweischaligem Mauerwerk ohne Luftschicht. Beim zweischaligen Mauerwerk mit Luftschicht soll die Luftschicht mindestens 6 cm dick sein. Bei Anordnung einer zusätzlichen mattenförmigen oder plattenförmigen Wärmedämmschicht auf der Außenseite der Innenschale darf der lichte Abstand der Mauerwerksschalen 12 cm nicht überschreiten. Zweischaliges Mauerwerk mit Luftschicht wird in der Regel dort angeordnet, wo ein besonderer Schutz des Mauerwerks gegen Schlagregen erreicht werden soll. Durch die Anordnung der Wärmedämmschicht darf diese Schlagregensicherheit nicht herabgesetzt werden. Bei zweischaligem Mauerwerk mit Luftschicht wird davon ausgegangen, daß vom Innenraum durchdiffundierende Feuchtigkeit durch die Luftschicht abgeführt werden kann. Durch die Einführung der Wärmedämmschicht darf es nicht zu Schäden infolge Wasserdampfkondensation in einzelnen Schichten kommen. Die Normvorschriften haben deshalb insbesondere den Zweck, die Innenschale vor Feuchtigkeitsanreicherungen zu schützen, weil in die Lufträume des Baustoffs eindringendes Wasser das Dämmverhalten ganz erheblich verschlechtert. Andererseits soll die Innenschale durch zeitweilige Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme die Luftfeuchtigkeit im Innenraum ausgleichend regulieren und überschüssige Feuchte nach außen abführen. Die Mauerwerkskonstruktion hat somit in diesem Zusammenhang die gegensätzliche Funktion zu erfüllen, Regen abzuweisen, jedoch Feuchte in dampfförmigem Zustand nach außen diffundieren zu lassen. Durch die hinterlüftete vorgehängte oder vorgemauerte Wetterschale (Außenschale) soll diese Funktion gewährleistet werden.The masonry standard DIN 1053 differentiates between double-walled masonry with an air layer and double-walled masonry without an air layer. In the case of double-layer masonry with an air layer, the air layer should be at least 6 cm thick. If an additional mat-shaped or plate-shaped thermal insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the inner shell, the clear distance between the masonry shells must not exceed 12 cm. Double-layer masonry with an air layer is usually arranged where special protection of the masonry against driving rain is to be achieved. This protection against driving rain must not be reduced by the arrangement of the thermal insulation layer. In the case of double-layer masonry with an air layer, it is assumed that moisture diffusing through from the interior can be removed through the air layer. The introduction of the thermal insulation layer must not result in damage due to water vapor condensation in individual layers. The standard regulations therefore have the particular purpose of protecting the inner shell against moisture accumulation, because water penetrating into the air spaces of the building material deteriorates the insulation behavior considerably. On the other hand, the inner shell should regulate the air humidity in the interior by means of temporary moisture absorption and discharge excess moisture to the outside. In this context, the masonry construction has the opposite function of repelling rain, but allowing moisture to diffuse outwards in the vapor state. This function is to be guaranteed by the rear-ventilated, curtain-walled or pre-bricked weather shell (outer shell).

Mauerwerk mit einer 6 cm dicken Luftschicht oder einem Abstand zwischen den Schalen von 12 cm benötigt einen relativ großen Platzbedarf. In der Regel wird durch die Luftschicht der m3- umbaute Raum beachtlich erhöht oder die Wohnfläche erheblich vermindert. Da die Luftschicht bei der Kostenberechnung zum Mauerwerk zählt, erhöht sie das Volumen des Mauerwerks und damit dessen Kosten ganz erheblich. Bei zweischaligem Mauerwerk mit Luftschicht muß man bei Sichtmauerwerk immer damit rechnen, daß bei starker Schlagregenbeanspruchung die Vormauerschale den Regen nicht vollständig abweisen kann, sondern das Wasser in flüssiger Form durch die Vormauerschale, entweder durch den Stein, vorwiegend aber durch die-Fugen dringt, und so abgeleitet werden muß, daß keine Schäden entstehen. Das durch die Vormauerschale eingedrungene Wasser soll an der Innenseite dieser Schale ablaufen und am Fuß der Wand durch die dort vorgeschriebenen Öffnungen wieder nach außen geleitet werden. Um zu verhindern, daß über die Anker Feuchtigkeit weitergeleitet wird, werden Ösen im Anker vorgesehen oder Tropfscheiben oder dgl. Elemente auf den Anker aufgesteckt. Dennoch ist vereinzelt beobachtet worden, daß die Wärmedämmschicht und das Hintermauerwerk durchfeuchten, und zwar auch dann, wenn das Dämmaterial mit einer wassersperrenden Schicht ausgerüstet ist.Masonry with a 6 cm thick layer of air or a distance between the shells of 12 cm requires a relatively large amount of space. As a rule, the m 3 enclosed space is considerably increased by the air layer or the living space is significantly reduced. Since the air layer is part of the masonry when calculating costs, it increases the volume of the masonry and thus its costs considerably. In the case of double-layer masonry with an air layer, one always has to reckon with exposed masonry that, in the event of heavy driving rain, the facing wall can not completely reject the rain, but the water in liquid form can penetrate through the facing wall, either through the stone, but mainly through the joints, and must be derived in such a way that no damage occurs. The water that has penetrated through the facing wall should drain off on the inside of this wall and be directed outwards again at the foot of the wall through the openings prescribed there. In order to prevent moisture from being passed on via the anchors, eyelets are provided in the anchor or drip disks or similar elements are attached to the anchor. Nevertheless, it has been observed that the thermal insulation layer and the masonry are damp, even if the insulating material is equipped with a water-blocking layer.

Das zweischalige Mauerwerk mit hinterlüfteter Vorsatzschale erfordert zudem ein hohes handwerkliches Können, das derzeit nur noch selten gewährleistet werden kann. Beim Aufmauern dürfen keine Mörtelklumpen in den Luftzwischenraum fallen, wo sie feuchtigkeitsleitende Verbindungen zwischen der äußeren und inneren Schale herstellen können.The double-layer masonry with rear-ventilated facing shell also requires a high level of craftsmanship that can currently only rarely be guaranteed. When bricking up, lumps of mortar must not fall into the air space, where they can create moisture-conducting connections between the outer and inner shell.

Beim zweischaligen Mauerwerk nach DIN 1053 ohne Luftschicht muß die Außenschale vollfugig und haftschlüssig gemauert werden. Die Schalenfuge zwischen Außen- und Innenschale soll 2 cm dick sein und ist beim Hochmauern schichtweise mit Mörtel zu vergießen. Die durch Verguß der Schalenfuge entstehende Mörtelscheibe darf nicht unterbrochen werden. Bei diesem Mauerwerk muß die Innenschale ausreichend wärmedämmend sein. Die Mörtelscheibe soll die Dichtigkeit gegen von außen eindringendes Wasser gewährleisten, gleichwohl aber wasserdampfdurchlässig sein. Das zweischalige Mauerwerk ohne Luftschicht, das wegen der relativ dünnen Mörtelscheibe wenig Platzbedarf benötigt, erfordert ein noch sorgfältigeres handwerkliches Arbeiten. Die Untersuchungen der vielen in der jüngsten Vergangenheit auftretenden Durchfeuchtungsschäden hat ergeben, daß es meist an der erforderlichen Sorgfalt beim Mauern gemangelt hat.In the case of double-layer masonry in accordance with DIN 1053 without an air layer, the outer shell must be bricked with full joints and adhesive. The shell joint between the outer and inner shell should be 2 cm thick and should be poured in layers of mortar when building up. The mortar disc created by potting the shell joint must not be interrupted. The inner shell of this masonry must be sufficiently heat-insulating. The Mortar disc should ensure tightness against water penetrating from the outside, but still be permeable to water vapor. The double-layer masonry without an air layer, which requires little space due to the relatively thin mortar disc, requires even more careful manual work. The investigation of the many moisture damage occurring in the recent past has shown that there was usually a lack of due care in masonry.

Darüber hinaus ist zweischaliges Mauerwerk ohne Luftschicht entwickelt worden, bei dem die Hintermauerschale keine ausreichenden Dämmeigenschaften aufweisen muß, wobei der Hohlraum zwischen den Schalen vollständig mit wasserabweisendem Wärmedämmaterial ausgefüllt ist (Schüttung oder Platten). Die Dicke des verfüllten Raumes beträgt in der Regel mindestens 6 cm, so daß dieses Mauerwerk ebenfalls relativ dick ausgeführt ist. Dem Mauerwerk fehlt insbesondere die Belüftungsfunktion der Luftschicht. Aus diesem Grunde sind sogenannte Luftschichtplatten mit auf z. B. einer Mineralfaser- oder Polystyrolhartschaumplatte kaschierten Belüftungssystemen und Feuchtigkeitssperren entwickelt worden, die auf der Hintermauerschale angeordnet werden. Diese Systeme sind teuer und erfordern einen großen Platzbedarf. Es muß bei der Errichtung des Mauerwerks darauf geachtet werden, daß die Wassersperre durchgehend ist und nicht an den Längs- und Querstößen unterbrochen wird. Im letzteren Fall könnte eindringendes Wasser, insbesondere, wenn es sich um geschlossenzellige Schaumkunststoffe handelt, auf der Stoßfuge ungehindert nach hinten weitergeleitet werden und dort in die Hintermauerung eintreten oder das eindringende Wasser könnte in feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Dämmstoffe eindringen. Ein besonders empfindlicher Punkt für durchdringendes Wasser ist auch die Stelle, an der die Maueranker durch die Dämmschicht gestoßen werden. Da die Lage der Maueranker in der Hintermauerschale häufig so fixiert ist, daß sie mit der Lagerfuge der Vormauerschale nicht übereinstimmen, werden sie dann zusätzlich gebogen, was zu einer Aufweitung der Durchstoßstelle führt. Zur Abdeckung dieser Bereiche genügen die üblichen Tropfscheiben nicht. Der Bereich muß vielmehr mit großem Aufwand großflächiger abgedeckt werden.In addition, two-layer masonry without an air layer has been developed, in which the rear wall shell does not have to have sufficient insulation properties, the cavity between the shells being completely filled with water-repellent thermal insulation material (fill or panels). The thickness of the filled space is usually at least 6 cm, so that this masonry is also made relatively thick. The masonry in particular lacks the ventilation function of the air layer. For this reason, so-called air layer plates with z. B. a mineral fiber or polystyrene hard foam laminated ventilation systems and moisture barriers have been developed, which are arranged on the rear wall shell. These systems are expensive and require a large amount of space. When installing the masonry, care must be taken that the water barrier is continuous and is not interrupted at the longitudinal and transverse joints. In the latter case, penetrating water, particularly if it is closed-cell foam plastics, could be passed unhindered on the butt joint and enter the walling there, or the penetrating water could penetrate moisture-sensitive insulation materials. A particularly sensitive point for penetrating water is also the point at which the wall anchors are pushed through the insulation layer. Since the position of the wall anchors in the rear wall shell is often fixed so that they do not match the bed joint of the front wall shell, they are then additionally bent, which leads to an expansion of the penetration point. The usual drip discs are not sufficient to cover these areas. The area must rather be covered over a large area with great effort.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, ein zweischaliges Mauerwerk mit geringstmöglichem Abstand zwischen den Schalen zu schaffen, das die Anforderungen des Mauerwerks bezüglich Feuchtigkeit und Hinterlüftung optimal erfüllt und zu seiner Errichtung kein sonderliches handwerkliches Können voraussetzt.The object of the invention is to create a two-layer masonry with the smallest possible distance between the shells, which optimally fulfills the requirements of the masonry with regard to moisture and ventilation and does not require any special manual skills for its construction.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einem Mauerwerk der eingangs genannten Art dadurch erreicht, daß die Sperrbahnen wasserdampfdurchlässig sind, daß bei jeder Sperrbahn nur an der Unterkante Einschnitte vorgesehen und diese Einschnitte gleich lang sind und senkrecht nach oben gehen, wobei die Länge der Einschnitte so bemessen ist, daß jeweils der lotrechte Abstand des Fußpunktes eines Einschnittes von der Oberkante etwas kleiner ist als der lotrechte Abstand zwischen zwei horizontalen benachbarten Drahtankerreihen, und daß die Sperrbahnen aus bitumengetränkten Stoffbahnen bestehen. Durch diese vorteilhafte Ausbildung wird eine einfache Anbringung der Sperrbahnen erreicht und erhebliches Material eingespart, wobei keinerlei zusätzliche Befestigungsmittel für die Sperrbahnen benötigt werden. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.According to the invention, this is achieved in masonry of the type mentioned at the outset in that the barrier sheets are permeable to water vapor, in that with each barrier sheet only incisions are provided on the lower edge and these incisions are of equal length and go vertically upwards, the length of the incisions being dimensioned so that that the vertical distance of the base point of an incision from the upper edge is slightly smaller than the vertical distance between two horizontal rows of wire anchors, and that the barrier sheets consist of bitumen-soaked fabric sheets. This advantageous design makes it easy to attach the barrier tracks and saves considerable material, no additional fastening means being required for the barrier tracks. Advantageous refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung beispielhaft näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch eine Seitenansicht eines Teils des zweischaligen Mauerwerks,
  • Fig. 2 schematisch die Ansicht einer Innenschale.
Show it:
  • 1 schematically shows a side view of part of the double-shell masonry,
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the view of an inner shell.

Das erfindungsgemäße zweischalige Mauerwerk weist die Außenschale 1 und die Innenschale 2 auf. Die Innenschale 2 sollte zweckmäßigerweise aus einem gut wärmedämmenden Baustoff bestehen. Vorzugsweise werden Gasbetonsteine oder Gasbetonplanblocksteine 3 verwendet. Die Außenschale 1 kann aus ebenfalls üblichen Baustoffen bestehen. Zwischen der Innenschale 2 und der Außenschale 1 ist ein Luftspalt 4 vorgesehen. Die Dicke des Luftspalts beträgt zweckmäßigerweise etwa 2 cm. Die Mauerwerksschalen 1 und 2 sind mit Drahtankern 5 aus nichtrostendem Stahl verbunden. Der lotrechte Abstand der Drahtanker 5 soll in der Regel 25 cm und der waagerechte Abstand 75 cm betragen. Im übrigen soll das Mauerwerk in seinem Aufbau den weiteren Vorschriften der DIN 1053 entsprechen. Aus diesem Grunde erübrigt es sich, die besonderen anderen Merkmale eines derartigen Mauerwerks zu beschreiben.The double-layer masonry according to the invention has the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2. The inner shell 2 should expediently consist of a good thermal insulation building material. Gas concrete blocks or gas concrete plan blocks 3 are preferably used. The outer shell 1 can also consist of conventional building materials. An air gap 4 is provided between the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1. The thickness of the air gap is advantageously about 2 cm. The masonry shells 1 and 2 are connected to wire anchors 5 made of stainless steel. The vertical distance between the wire anchors 5 should generally be 25 cm and the horizontal distance 75 cm. The structure of the masonry should also comply with the other regulations of DIN 1053. For this reason, there is no need to describe the special other features of such masonry.

Jeder Drahtanker 5 sitzt einendig zweckmäßigerweise in einer Fuge 6 der Innenschale 2, wobei die Fuge 6 mit einer Mörtelfuge 7 der Außenschale 1, in der das andere Ende des Drahtankers sitzt, zumindest in einer waagerechten Ebene liegen sollte; vorzugsweise kann vorgesehen sein, daß der Drahtanker 5 im Spalt 4 ein geringes Gefälle zur Außenschale 1 aufweist.Each wire anchor 5 expediently sits at one end in a joint 6 of the inner shell 2, the joint 6 with a mortar joint 7 of the outer shell 1, in which the other end of the wire anchor is located, should lie at least in a horizontal plane; it can preferably be provided that the wire anchor 5 has a slight slope to the outer shell 1 in the gap 4.

Nach der Erfindung sitzt jeweils auf einer horizontalen Drahtankerreihe eine sich horizontal erstreckende dünne Sperrbahn 8, die aus einem wasserabweisenden, jedoch wasserdampfdurchlässigen Stoff besteht. Die Erfindung sieht vor, daß bei jeder Sperrbahn von der Unterkante 9 vorzugsweise gleich lange Einschnitte 10 senkrecht nach oben gehen; der seitliche Abstand der Einschnitte 10 entspricht vorzugsweise dem seitlichen Abstand benachbarter Drahtanker. Die Sperrbahn kann zweckmäßigerweise aber auch fransenartig mehrere bzw. zahlreiche Einschnitte 10 aufweisen, die enger gesetzt sind (z. B. im 2 - 5 cm-Abstand) als der normierte Abstand der Drahtanker beträgt. Diese Ausführungsform erleichtert die Montage, falls, wie häufig anzutreffen, der Ankerabstand unterschiedlich ist: Die Lage der Einschnitte 10 ist so bemessen, daß jeweils der senkrechte Abstand des Fußpunktes 11 eines Einschnitts 10 von der Oberkante 12 der Sperrbahn etwas kleiner ist, als der lotrechte Abstand zwischen zwei horizontalen benachbarten Drahtankerreihen beträgt. Er darf nicht kleiner sein als der Abstand der Fußpunkte 11 von der Unterkante 9 der über der jeweiligen Bahn angeordneten nachfolgenden Bahnen.According to the invention, a horizontally extending thin barrier sheet 8, which consists of a water-repellent but water-vapor-permeable material, sits on a row of horizontal wire anchors. The invention provides that incisions 10 of the same length preferably go vertically upward from the lower edge 9 in each barrier sheet; the lateral distance between the incisions 10 corresponds preferably the lateral distance between adjacent wire anchors. However, the barrier track can expediently also have several or numerous incisions 10 in a fringe-like manner, which are set closer (for example at a distance of 2-5 cm) than the normalized distance of the wire anchors. This embodiment facilitates assembly if, as is often the case, the anchor spacing is different: the position of the incisions 10 is dimensioned such that the vertical distance of the base point 11 of an incision 10 from the top edge 12 of the barrier sheet is slightly smaller than the perpendicular Distance between two horizontal rows of adjacent wire anchors. It must not be less than the distance of the base points 11 from the lower edge 9 of the subsequent tracks arranged above the respective track.

Derartig präparierte Sperrbahnen werden erfindungsgemäß so auf eine Drahtankerreihe gesteckt, daß die Drahtanker 5 die Einschnitte 10 durchgreifen und die Fußpunkte 11 der Einschnitte 10 auf den Drahtankern aufsitzen, wobei jede Sperrbahn 8 von der Oberkante 12 zur Unterkante 9 eine Neigung zur Außenschale hin aufweist (Gefälle). Durch diese Anordnung wird erreicht, daß die Sperrbahnen 8 schindelartig (geschuppt) zueinander positioniert sind, wobei der Einschnittbereich 13 einer Sperrbahn den Bereich der Oberkante 12 der nach unten folgenden Sperrbahn übergreift. Auf diese Weise wird die gesamte Wand lückenlos überdeckt und gegen von außen kommendes Wasser geschützt. Die Überdeckung der vertikalen Fugen 14 der Innenschale 2 kann dadurch erfolgen, daß im seitlichen Endbereich einer Sperrbahn ein seitlicher Überstand 15 neben dem für diese Bahn letzten Drahtanker 5 vorgesehen wird (Fig. 2).Such prepared barrier sheets are placed according to the invention on a row of wire anchors so that the wire anchors 5 pass through the incisions 10 and the base points 11 of the incisions 10 rest on the wire anchors, each barrier sheet 8 having an inclination to the outer shell from the upper edge 12 to the lower edge 9 (slope ). This arrangement ensures that the barrier tracks 8 are positioned in a shingle-like manner with respect to one another, the incision area 13 of a barrier track engaging over the area of the upper edge 12 of the barrier track following downwards. In this way, the entire wall is completely covered and protected against water coming from outside. The vertical joints 14 of the inner shell 2 can be covered by providing a lateral protrusion 15 in the lateral end region of a barrier sheet next to the last wire anchor 5 for this sheet (FIG. 2).

Für die Zwecke der Erfindung geeignete Sperrbahnen sollten mit Bitumen getränkte Stoffbahnen sein; hervorragend geeignet sind an sich bekannte Bahnen aus Bitumenfilz oder Bitumenkorkfilz. Derartige Bahnen werden als Dämmstoffe für den Schall- und Wärmeschutz verwendet. Sie werden aus langfaserigen, organischen Stoffen, wie Hanf, Jute, Kokos und Holzfasern hergestellt und untereinander zu einem elastischen Vlies vermischt. Durch die nachfolgende Tränkung mit Bitumen entsteht eine geschmeidige und sehr widerstandsfähige Dämmatte. Bitumenkorkfilz enthält zusätzlich expandiertes Korkschrot. Dadurch wird die Mattenstruktur lockerer und elastischer.Barrier sheets suitable for the purposes of the invention should be fabric sheets impregnated with bitumen; Sheets of bitumen felt or bitumen cork felt known per se are outstandingly suitable. Such sheets are used as insulation materials for sound and heat insulation. They are made from long-fiber, organic materials such as hemp, jute, coconut and wood fibers and mixed together to form an elastic fleece. The subsequent impregnation with bitumen creates a supple and very resistant insulation mat. Bitumen cork felt also contains expanded cork shot. This makes the mat structure looser and more elastic.

Ferner sind Bahnen aus bituminierten Glasfaserfilzmatten sehr gut geeignet. Auch bituminierte Pappe, insbesondere Rippenpappe, kann verwendet werden.Furthermore, sheets of bituminized glass fiber felt mats are very suitable. Bituminized cardboard, especially ribbed cardboard, can also be used.

Wichtig ist, daß das Material der Stoffbahn, insbesondere das Bitumen, im Einschnittbereich (13) sich derart um einen Drahtanker schmiegt bzw. plastisch fließt, daß die Kontaktstelle zumindest wasserabweisend, vorzugsweise "wasserdicht", ist. Mit Bitumen getränkte Produkte gewährleisten einen solchen "wasserdichten" Zustand der Kontaktstelle, weshalb die Auswahl dieser Stoffe in überraschender Weise zu einer optimalen Wassersperrung führt, ohne daß weitere Vorkehrungen, wie Tropfscheiben, Tropfnasen oder dgl. am Anker erforderlich sind.It is important that the material of the fabric, in particular the bitumen, nestles or flows plastically in the incision area (13) around a wire anchor in such a way that the contact point is at least water-repellent, preferably "watertight". Products impregnated with bitumen ensure such a "watertight" condition of the contact point, which is why the selection of these substances surprisingly leads to an optimal water barrier without additional measures such as drip disks, drip noses or the like being required on the anchor.

Die Dicke einer Sperrbahn beträgt vorzugsweise etwa 2 bis 8 mm. Durch die schindelartige Anordnung der Bahnen wird in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht, daß im Luftspalt 4 noch Lufträume (im einzelnen nicht dargestellt) frei bleiben, die zusätzlich zur Sperrwirkung der Sperrbahnen in gewissem Umfang Luftschichtfunktionen, insbesondere eine Hinterlüftung, gewährleisten, so daß im Luftspalt 4, der vorzugsweise etwa 2 cm dick sein soll, für einen hervorragenden Schutz der Innenschale gegen von außen eindringendes Wasser gesorgt wird.The thickness of a barrier sheet is preferably about 2 to 8 mm. The shingle-like arrangement of the sheets advantageously ensures that air spaces (not shown in detail) remain free in the air gap 4, which to a certain extent ensure air layer functions, in particular rear ventilation, in addition to the barrier action of the barrier sheets, so that in the air gap 4, which should preferably be about 2 cm thick, provides excellent protection of the inner shell against water penetrating from the outside.

In Fig. 1 ist der Luftspalt 4 unverhältnismäßig dick gezeichnet, damit die Erfindung zeichnerisch besser verdeutlicht werden kann. Die Bahnen 8 können von der Innenschale 2 zur Außenschale 1 derart geführt werden, daß jede Bahn beide Schalen berührt, ohne daß die Funktion der Schalenfuge beeinträchtigt wird. Durch die Außenschale nach innen bis zur Sperrbahn dringendes Wasser perlt auf der Sperrbahn ab und läuft aufgrund der schindelartigen Anordnung der Bahnen zum Fuß des Mauerwerks ab, von wo es in an sich bekannter Weise abgeleitet wird. Die Anker bilden bei der Erfindung keine Schwachstelle mehr in bezug auf die Wasserleitung, weil das Bitumen in der Sperrbahn für eine effektive Abdichtung sorgt. Eine Durchfeuchtung der Innenschale wird vollkommen unterbunden. Aus den Fugen 6, 7 gequollener Mörtel stört nicht mehr, weil die Sperrbahnen die Wasserleitung zur Innenschale unterbrechen. Die Errichtung des Mauerwerks erfordert nicht mehr so hohen Aufwand bezüglich der Sorgfalt. Die Anbringung der Sperrbahn ist sehr einfach. Insgesamt bedingt die Erfindung außergewöhnliche Vorteile, die im Bauwesen seit langem angestrebt werden. Obwohl die für die Sperrbahnen verwendeten Baustoffe für andere Zwecke schon lange bekannt waren, ist die Übertragung für die Zwecke der Erfindung bisher nicht gelungen.In Fig. 1, the air gap 4 is drawn disproportionately thick, so that the invention can be better illustrated. The webs 8 can be guided from the inner shell 2 to the outer shell 1 in such a way that each web touches both shells without the function of the shell joint being impaired. Water penetrating through the outer shell to the barrier membrane runs off the barrier membrane and, due to the shingle-like arrangement of the membrane, runs to the base of the masonry, from where it is derived in a manner known per se. In the case of the invention, the anchors no longer form a weak point with respect to the water pipe, because the bitumen in the barrier membrane provides an effective seal. Moisturization of the inner shell is completely prevented. Mortar swollen from joints 6, 7 no longer interferes because the barrier tracks interrupt the water pipe to the inner shell. The construction of the masonry no longer requires as much effort in terms of care. The installation of the barrier membrane is very easy. Overall, the invention provides exceptional advantages that have long been sought in the construction industry. Although the building materials used for the barrier sheeting have long been known for other purposes, the transfer for the purposes of the invention has so far not been successful.

Auch in Fällen, in denen eine Zusatzdämmung mit Luftschicht vorgesehen ist, kann die Erfindung angewendet werden, indem vor die Dämmung die Sperrbahnen erfindungsgemäß angeordnet werden. Ggfs. kann die erfindungsgemäße Sperrbahnanordnung auch vor einer Kerndämmung ohne Luftschicht vorgesehen werden.The invention can also be used in cases in which additional insulation with an air layer is provided by arranging the barrier sheets according to the invention in front of the insulation. If necessary. the barrier sheet arrangement according to the invention can also be provided in front of a core insulation without an air layer.

Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Sperrbahnen gewährleisten eine hervorragende Wasserdampfdiffusion, so daß die Schalenfuge auch insoweit den gestellten Anforderungen entspricht. Das Material ist wasserfest. Im übrigen verursacht die Errichtung des erfindungsgemäßen Mauerwerks arbeits- und materialmäßig nur relativ geringe Baukosten.The barrier sheets used according to the invention ensure excellent water vapor diffusion, so that the shell joint also meets the requirements in this respect. The material is waterproof. Moreover, the construction of the masonry according to the invention causes only relatively low construction costs in terms of work and materials.

Claims (11)

1. Wall with an inner shell (2) and an outer shell (1) arranged at a specific distance in front of the inner shell (2), the wall shells being connected to one another by means of wire ties (5), and water- repelling barrier sheets (8) being located on the wire ties (5) in the air gap (4) between the inner shell (2) and the outer shell (1), the wire ties (5) passing through incisions (10) arranged in the region of the lower edge, and each barrier sheet (8) being inclined towards the outer shell from the top edge (12) of the barrier sheet (8) to the lower edge (9), and the incision region (13) of a barrier sheet (8) engaging over the region of the top edge (12) of the barrier sheet following it downwards, characterized in that the barrier sheets (8) are permeable to water vapour, in that in each barrier sheet (8) incisions (10) are provided on the lower edge (9) only and these incisions (10) are of equal length and extend vertically upwards, the length of the incisions (10) being calculated so that the vertical distance between the base point (11) of each incision (10) and the top edge (12) is somewhat less than the vertical distance between two horizontal adjacent rows of wire ties, and in that the barrier sheets (8) consist of fabric sheets soaked in bitumen.
2. Wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the lateral end region of a barrier sheet (8) there is a lateral projecting length (15) next to the last wire tie (5) for this sheet.
3. Wall according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the barrier sheets consist of bituminous felt or bituminous cork felt.
4. Wall according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the barrier sheets consist of bituminized glass-fibre felt mats.
5. Wall according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the barrier sheets (8) consist of bituminized cardboard, especially corrugated cardboard.
6. Wall according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the material of the barrier sheet (8) clings round a wire tie (5) in the incision region (13) and forms a water-repellent or waterproof contact point.
7. Wall according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thickness of a barrier sheet (8) is 2 to 8 mm.
8. Wall according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the air gap (4) is 2 cm thick.
9. Wall according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inner shell (2) consists of aerated concrete, especially of plane aerated- concrete blocks (3).
10. Wall according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the barrier sheets (8) are arranged in the air gap in front of additional insulation.
11. Wall according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the barrier sheets (8) are arranged in front of core insulation.
EP19830106752 1982-08-14 1983-07-09 Cavity wall Expired EP0103097B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3230311 1982-08-14
DE19823230311 DE3230311A1 (en) 1982-08-14 1982-08-14 DOUBLE-WALLED MASONRY

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EP0103097A2 EP0103097A2 (en) 1984-03-21
EP0103097A3 EP0103097A3 (en) 1985-01-16
EP0103097B1 true EP0103097B1 (en) 1987-07-01

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7713615B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2010-05-11 James Hardie International Finance B.V. Reinforced fiber cement article and methods of making and installing the same
US7993570B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2011-08-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Durable medium-density fibre cement composite
US7998571B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-08-16 James Hardie Technology Limited Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same
US8281535B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles
US8297018B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-30 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement products
US8993462B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2015-03-31 James Hardie Technology Limited Surface sealed reinforced building element

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4211293A1 (en) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-07 Siemens Ag building
US5791107A (en) * 1992-04-03 1998-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Building with a sealing element

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426494A (en) * 1967-08-15 1969-02-11 Alfred A Hala Wall-tie assembly for use in the construction of waterproof walls
DE2806988C2 (en) * 1978-02-18 1983-03-17 Recozell-Leichtbauelemente GmbH, 4724 Wadersloh Air layer insulation

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7713615B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2010-05-11 James Hardie International Finance B.V. Reinforced fiber cement article and methods of making and installing the same
US8281535B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles
US8297018B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-10-30 James Hardie Technology Limited Packaging prefinished fiber cement products
US7993570B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2011-08-09 James Hardie Technology Limited Durable medium-density fibre cement composite
US7998571B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-08-16 James Hardie Technology Limited Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same
US8993462B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2015-03-31 James Hardie Technology Limited Surface sealed reinforced building element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0103097A2 (en) 1984-03-21
DE3230311A1 (en) 1984-02-16
DE3230311C2 (en) 1988-01-21
EP0103097A3 (en) 1985-01-16

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