EP0057171B1 - Self-regulating heating element - Google Patents

Self-regulating heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057171B1
EP0057171B1 EP19820890011 EP82890011A EP0057171B1 EP 0057171 B1 EP0057171 B1 EP 0057171B1 EP 19820890011 EP19820890011 EP 19820890011 EP 82890011 A EP82890011 A EP 82890011A EP 0057171 B1 EP0057171 B1 EP 0057171B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
small metal
recess
heating member
heating element
groove
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Expired
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EP19820890011
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0057171A2 (en
EP0057171A3 (en
Inventor
Walther Dr. Menhardt
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DR. PETER NESVADBA GESELLSCHAFT M.B.H.
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Dr Peter Nesvadba GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-regulating heating element with at least one resistance heating element made of current-conducting ceramic material, which is arranged in an envelope and has a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, which heating element is inserted between two metal blocks that are directly pressed against its side faces and are electrically insulated from one another. wherein the heat transfer to the outside surface of these metal blocks is larger than the contact area between the heater and the metal blocks.
  • the energy consumption of the resistance heater connected to a voltage source is adjusted without further action, that is to say without a switching measure or the like, such that the resistance heater assumes a certain temperature which is essentially dependent on its material composition.
  • This connection of effects now keeps the temperature of the resistance radiator itself connected to the voltage source practically constant, but is not able to achieve the desired temperature for the heating element's cover, from which the generated heat is taken, with the heating elements of this type which have become known or have been described so far To keep the extent constant, especially not when the heat dissipation fluctuates from the casing.
  • DE-A-2 551 980 discloses a heating element designed as mentioned above, in which there is an axial stacking of ceramic radiators and metal bodies, the stack thus formed being inserted into a tubular ceramic shell and being held together by springs which are against transverse walls of this ceramic shell support. In this way, only a relatively low contact pressure between the metal bodies and the radiators is achieved, and the whole arrangement requires a relatively large effort for their assembly.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a self-regulating heating element of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the disadvantages mentioned above are eliminated and in which the casing also has a largely constant temperature.
  • the self-regulating heating element of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the one metal block has a groove-like recess into which the heating element and the second metal block are inserted, one side of the heating element on one side wall of this recess and the second side of the heating element on second metal block and the second metal block on the other side of this recess, and between the second metal block and its contact surface on the groove-like recess, an electrical insulation is inserted, and the pressure of the metal blocks on the radiator is created by forces absorbed within the groove-like recess, or that the structure consisting of the radiator, the two metal blocks and an insulation fitted around the outer surface of the same is inserted snugly between compressible walls of a housing, which from a clamp engaging on the outside of these walls r generation of the pressure between the metal blocks and the radiator are pressed together.
  • the one metal block has a groove-like recess into which the heating element and the second metal block are inserted, it is furthermore possible to achieve a particularly low thermal resistance
  • radiator with the second metal block is pressed into the groove-like recess of the first metal block in a strictly fitting manner and that the heating element rests under pressure on the metal block due to this constraint. It is further advantageous both in terms of simple assembly and in terms of keeping the thermal resistance in an insulation laid around the outer surface of the metal blocks if it is provided that the electrical connecting wires are inserted into the groove-like recess above or below the radiator.
  • a particularly simple design with regard to the production of the electrical connections of the connecting wires is characterized in that the connecting wires are pressed against the first metal block containing the groove-like recess and the second metal block to form an electrical connection.
  • the heating element in which the structure consisting of the radiator, the two metal blocks and an insulation mounted around the outer surfaces of the same is fitted snugly between two walls of a housing, which are pressed together with a clamp, it is when a metal plate should be heated, both for the assembly and to achieve a low thermal resistance further advantageous that the elastically compressible housing walls are integrated with a metal plate to be heated.
  • a resistance heating element 1 is provided, which is made of current-conducting ceramic material and has a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
  • This heating element 1 is inserted between two metal blocks 3, 9 lying directly on its side surfaces.
  • the one metal block 9 has a groove-like recess 10, into which the heating element 1 and the second metal block 3 are inserted.
  • the second metal block 3 in turn bears against the other side wall 12 of the recess 10 and is insulated from the first metal block 9 by an electrically insulating film 14 which is inserted between the metal block 3 and the side wall 12.
  • the heating element 1 with the second metal block 3 is pressed into the groove-like recess 10 of the first metal block 9 so that it fits tightly, so that the heating element 1 rests under pressure on the two metal blocks.
  • the surface 15 of the metal block 9 which serves for heat transfer to the outside is larger than the contact surface between the heating element 1 and the metal block; this results both from the fact that the radiator 1 is shorter than the metal blocks 9, 3 ( Figure 2), and from the fact that the circumferential dimensions of the metal block 9 are significantly larger than those of the radiator 1 ( Figure 1).
  • the structure of the heating element shown in Figures 1 and 2 is sufficiently stable to be able to attach this heating element at any point where there is a need for heat. If electrical insulation is required, this heating element can easily be provided with such insulation. If desired, it is also possible to use a heat-conducting compound to fill in any cavities that may have arisen in the course of production and that are present in the structure of the heating element. The introduction of such a mass can take place in the course of the assembly of the individual parts of the heating element or also after the assembly from the front side, and such a mass can also serve to design cavities such as. B. fill or seal the spaces on both sides of the radiator 1.
  • connecting wires can be led to connection points provided directly on the radiator 1. In terms of construction, it is simpler and more compact, however, to carry out the power supply via the metal blocks resting on the radiator and to electrically connect the connecting wires to the metal blocks. With regard to the laying of the electrical connecting wires, it is advantageous in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 if these connecting wires 16, 17 are inserted into the groove-like recess 10 above or below the radiator 1, as shown in FIG. 3. This is particularly advantageous if the heating element is to be fitted into a recess in a housing or a body to be heated, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • connecting wires 16, 17 In order to connect the connecting wires 16, 17 electrically to the metal blocks 9. 3, one can, for. B. weld the bare ends of these leads to the metal blocks. As a rule, a sufficiently firm one is sufficient Pressing the bare ends onto the metal blocks, which technique is used in the embodiment according to FIG. 4.
  • the connecting wires 16, 17, which are sheathed with insulation, are guided side by side in the cavity located above the radiator 1, and the bare end of each of these two connecting wires is pressed against a metal block.
  • the connecting wires can advantageously be guided side by side, as shown in FIG. 4, a strip 18 consisting of insulating material electrically isolating the two connecting wires 16, 17 from one another and simultaneously mechanically supporting the entire structure.
  • an insulation 21 made of an electrically insulating film is provided between the outer surface of the metal block 9 and the housing 20.
  • the structure consisting of the radiator 1, the metal blocks and the insulation 21 is inserted into the housing 20 in a closely fitting manner.
  • the radiator 1 is inserted between two plate-shaped metal blocks 2, 3, and the structure thus formed is inserted into a housing in the form of a metal U-rail 22 with the interposition of insulation 21.
  • the insulation 21 can be designed in one or more layers depending on the special requirements, and, as has already been mentioned in connection with the embodiments described above, a heat-conducting mass can also be provided for filling cavities which are present in the structure .
  • the dimensions of the U-profile 22 forming the housing are chosen in the embodiment according to FIG. 5 such that the walls 23, 24 of the housing resiliently bear elastically on the structure consisting of the heating element and the metal blocks and the insulation.
  • a clamp 25 is provided which compresses the walls 23, 24.
  • a metal housing surrounding the radiator 1 with the metal plates 2, 3 lying thereon and a multi-layer insulation 21 is provided, which is integrated with a metal plate 25 which is to be heated.
  • a spring 25 is provided which compresses the walls 23, 24 of the metal housing and thereby ensures an intimate contact of the metal plates 2, 3 on the heating element 1 and a low thermal resistance between these metal plates and the metal housing.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein selbstregelndes Heizelement mit mindestens einem in einer Umhüllung angeordneten Widerstands-Heizkörper aus stromleitendem Keramikmaterial mit einem positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten des elektrischen Widerstandes, welcher Heizkörper zwischen zwei unmittelbar an seinen Seitenflächen angedrückt anliegende Metallklötzchen, die elektrisch voneinander isoliert sind, eingefügt ist, wobei die der Wärmeübertragung nach außen dienende Außenfläche dieser Metallklötzchen größer als die Berührungsfläche zwischen dem Heizkörper und den Metallklötzchen ist.The invention relates to a self-regulating heating element with at least one resistance heating element made of current-conducting ceramic material, which is arranged in an envelope and has a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, which heating element is inserted between two metal blocks that are directly pressed against its side faces and are electrically insulated from one another. wherein the heat transfer to the outside surface of these metal blocks is larger than the contact area between the heater and the metal blocks.

Bei Heizelementen vorgenannter Art stellt sich die Energieaufnahme des an eine Spannungsquelle angeschlossenen Widerstands-Heizkörpers ohne weiteres Zutun, also ohne Schaltmaßnahme od. dgl., so ein, daß der Widerstands-Heizkörper eine bestimmte im wesentlichen von seiner Materialzusammensetzung abhängige Temperatur annimmt. Dies ergibt sich dadurch, daß der elektrische Widerstand des Widerstands-Heizkörpers oberhalb einer bestimmten Temperatur stark zunimmt und demgemäß die Energieaufnahme aus der elektrischen Spannungsquelle sinkt. Dieser Wirkungszusammenhang hält nun zwar die Temperatur des an die Spannungsquelle angeschlossenen Widerstands-Heizkörpers selbst praktisch konstant, vermag aber die Temperatur der Umhüllung des Heizelementes, von der die erzeugte Wärme abgenommen wird, bei den bisher bekannt gewordenen bzw. beschriebenen Heizeiementen dieser Art nicht im erwünschten Ausmaß konstant zu halten, und zwar insbesondere dann nicht, wenn die Wärmeabfuhr von der Umhüllung schwankt. Dieser Nachteil rührt daher, daß der Wärmewiderstand, der zwischen dem Widerstands-Heizkörper und der Umhüllung vorliegt, ein Temperaturgefälle verursacht, dessen Größe von der von der Umhüllung abgeführten Wärmemenge abhängt, wozu vielfach noch kommt, daß sich der Wert des Wärmewiderstandes mit Änderung des Temperaturgefälles gleichfalls ändert. Dementsprechend kommt es zu unerwünschten Schwankungen der Temperatur der Umhüllung des Heizelementes, von der die Wärme abgenommen wird, obwohl der Heizkörper des Heizelementes eine praktisch konstante Temperatur hat.In the case of heating elements of the aforementioned type, the energy consumption of the resistance heater connected to a voltage source is adjusted without further action, that is to say without a switching measure or the like, such that the resistance heater assumes a certain temperature which is essentially dependent on its material composition. This results from the fact that the electrical resistance of the resistance heating element increases sharply above a certain temperature and the energy consumption from the electrical voltage source accordingly decreases. This connection of effects now keeps the temperature of the resistance radiator itself connected to the voltage source practically constant, but is not able to achieve the desired temperature for the heating element's cover, from which the generated heat is taken, with the heating elements of this type which have become known or have been described so far To keep the extent constant, especially not when the heat dissipation fluctuates from the casing. This disadvantage arises from the fact that the thermal resistance that exists between the resistance heater and the casing causes a temperature gradient, the size of which depends on the amount of heat dissipated by the casing, which is often compounded by the fact that the value of the thermal resistance changes as the temperature gradient changes also changes. Accordingly, there are undesirable fluctuations in the temperature of the envelope of the heating element, from which the heat is removed, although the heating element of the heating element has a practically constant temperature.

Aus DE-A-2 551 980 ist ein wie vorgenannt ausgebildetes Heizelement bekannt, bei dem eine axiale Stapelung von Keramikheizkörpern und Metallkörpern vorliegt, wobei der so gebildete Stapel in eine rohrartige Keramikhülle eingeschoben ist und durch Federn zusammengehalten wird, die sich gegen Querwände dieser Keramikhülle abstützen. Es wird auf diese Weise nur ein verhältnismäßig geringer Kontaktdruck zwischen den Metallkörpern und den Heizkörpern erzielt, und die ganze Anordnung erfordert für ihre Montage einen verhältnismäßig großen Aufwand. Weil bei diesem bekannten Heizelement nur ein verhältnismäßig geringer Kontaktdruck zwischen den Heizkörpern und den Metallkörpern des Stapels vorliegt, wobei durch die verhältnismäßig schwierige Montage leicht Minderungen des Kontakdruckes entstehen können, ergibt sich ein relativ großer Wärmewiderstand an den Anliegeflächen der Metallkörper an den Heizkörpern, wozu noch, durch die Konzeption bedingt, ein erheblicher Wärmewiderstand zwischen den Metallkörpern und der Keramikhülle kommt.DE-A-2 551 980 discloses a heating element designed as mentioned above, in which there is an axial stacking of ceramic radiators and metal bodies, the stack thus formed being inserted into a tubular ceramic shell and being held together by springs which are against transverse walls of this ceramic shell support. In this way, only a relatively low contact pressure between the metal bodies and the radiators is achieved, and the whole arrangement requires a relatively large effort for their assembly. Because there is only a relatively low contact pressure between the radiators and the metal bodies of the stack in this known heating element, whereby the relatively difficult assembly can easily result in reductions in the contact pressure, there is a relatively large thermal resistance on the contact surfaces of the metal bodies on the radiators, and moreover , due to the design, there is considerable thermal resistance between the metal bodies and the ceramic shell.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, ein selbstregelndes Heizelement eingangs erwähnter Art zu schaffen, bei dem die vorstehend angeführten Nachteile behoben sind und bei dem auch die Umhüllung eine weitgehend konstante Temperatur hat.The aim of the invention is to provide a self-regulating heating element of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the disadvantages mentioned above are eliminated and in which the casing also has a largely constant temperature.

Das erfindungsgemäße selbstregelnde Heizelement eingangs erwähnter Art ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß daß das eine Metallklötzchen eine nutartige Ausnehmung aufweist, in die der Heizkörper und das zweite Metallklötzchen eingefügt ist, wobei eine Seite des Heizkörpers an der einen Seitenwand dieser Ausnehmung, die zweite Seite des Heizkörpers am zweiten Metallklötzchen und das zweite Metallklötzchen an der anderen Seite dieser Ausnehmung anliegt, und zwischen das zweite Metallklötzchen und seine Anliegefläche and der nutartigen Ausnehmung eine elektrische Isolierung eingefügt ist, und dabei der Andruck der Metallklötzchen an den Heizkörper durch innerhalb der nutartigen Ausnehmung aufgenommene Kräfte entsteht, oder daß das aus dem Heizkörper, den beiden Metallklötzchen und einer um die Außenfläche derselben angebrachten Isolierung bestehende Gebilde eng passend zwischen zusammendrückbare Wände eines Gehäuses eingefügt ist, welche von einer außen an diesen Wänden angreifenden Klammer zur Erzeugung des Andrucks zwischen den Metallklötzchen und dem Heizkörper zusammengepreßt sind. Durch diese Ausbildung kann der vorstehend angeführten Zielsetzung auf konstruktiv einfache Weise sehr gut entsprochen werden. Es ergibt sich dabei durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung ein sehr geringer Wärmewiderstand im Weg der Wärmeübertragung vom Heizkörper zur Umhüllung, und zwar gerade an der ersten Übergangsfläche dieses Weges, die zwischen dem Heizkörper und den daran anliegenden Metallkörpern vorliegt, was besonders bedeutsam ist. Der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Lösungsweg ermöglicht es auf konstruktiv einfache Weise, durch die nutartige Konfiguration eine von den Seiten einwirkende gute Kontaktpressung zu erzielen, wobei überdies dieser Vorteil mit geringem Herstellungsaufwand und mit einer sehr einfachen Montierbarkeit einhergeht.The self-regulating heating element of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the one metal block has a groove-like recess into which the heating element and the second metal block are inserted, one side of the heating element on one side wall of this recess and the second side of the heating element on second metal block and the second metal block on the other side of this recess, and between the second metal block and its contact surface on the groove-like recess, an electrical insulation is inserted, and the pressure of the metal blocks on the radiator is created by forces absorbed within the groove-like recess, or that the structure consisting of the radiator, the two metal blocks and an insulation fitted around the outer surface of the same is inserted snugly between compressible walls of a housing, which from a clamp engaging on the outside of these walls r generation of the pressure between the metal blocks and the radiator are pressed together. With this training, the above-mentioned objective can be met very well in a structurally simple manner. It results from the inventive design, a very low heat resistance in the way of heat transfer from the radiator to the sheathing, specifically at the first transition surface of this path, which is present between the radiator and the metal bodies adjacent to it, which is particularly important. The solution proposed according to the invention makes it possible, in a structurally simple manner, to achieve good contact pressure acting from the sides through the groove-like configuration, this advantage also being associated with low production outlay and with very simple assembly.

Es ist bei der Ausbildung, bei der das eine Metallklötzchen eine nutartige Ausnehmung aufweist, in die der Heizkörper und das zweite Metallklötzchen eingefügt ist, weiter zum Erzielen eines besonders geringen WärmewiderstandesIn the embodiment in which the one metal block has a groove-like recess into which the heating element and the second metal block are inserted, it is furthermore possible to achieve a particularly low thermal resistance

vorteilhaft, wenn man vorsieht, daß der Heizkörper mit dem zweiten Metallklötzchen streng passend in die nutartige Ausnehmung des ersten Metallklötzchens eingepreßt ist und der Heizkörper durch diese Zwängung unter Druck an den Metallklötzchen anliegt. Es ist dabei weiter sowohl im Sinne einer einfachen Montage als auch im Sinne einer Kleinhaltung des Wärmewiderstandes in einer um die Außenfläche der ·MetaIlkIötzchen gelegten Isolierung günstig, wenn man vorsieht, daß in die nutartige Ausnehmung oberhalb oder unterhalb des Heizkörpers die elektrischen Anschlußdrähte eingefügt sind. Eine hinsichtlich des Herstellens der elektrischen Verbindungen der Anschlußdrähte besonders einfache Ausbildung ist dabei dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschlußdrähte zur Bildung einer elektrischen Verbindung an das erste, die nutartige Ausnehmung enthaltende Metallklötzchen und an das zweite Metallklötzchen angepreßt sind.advantageous if one provides that the radiator with the second metal block is pressed into the groove-like recess of the first metal block in a strictly fitting manner and that the heating element rests under pressure on the metal block due to this constraint. It is further advantageous both in terms of simple assembly and in terms of keeping the thermal resistance in an insulation laid around the outer surface of the metal blocks if it is provided that the electrical connecting wires are inserted into the groove-like recess above or below the radiator. A particularly simple design with regard to the production of the electrical connections of the connecting wires is characterized in that the connecting wires are pressed against the first metal block containing the groove-like recess and the second metal block to form an electrical connection.

Bei jener Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Heizelementes, bei der das aus dem Heizkörper, den beiden Metallklötzchen und einer um die Außenflächen derselben angebrachten Isolierung bestehende Gebilde eng passend zwischen zwei Wände eines Gehäuses eingefügt ist, die mit einer Klammer zusammengepreßt sind, ist es, wenn eine Metallplatte erwärmt werden soll, sowohl für die Montage als auch zum Erzielen eines geringen Wärmewiderstandes weiters vorteilhaft, daß die elastisch zusammendrückbaren Gehäusewände mit einer zu erwärmenden Metallplatte integriert sind.In that embodiment of the heating element according to the invention, in which the structure consisting of the radiator, the two metal blocks and an insulation mounted around the outer surfaces of the same is fitted snugly between two walls of a housing, which are pressed together with a clamp, it is when a metal plate should be heated, both for the assembly and to achieve a low thermal resistance further advantageous that the elastically compressible housing walls are integrated with a metal plate to be heated.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von lediglich Ausführungswege darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen die Figuren 1 und 2 eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Heizelementes im Quer-und im Längsschnitt,

  • Figur 3 eine Variante eines solchen Heizelementes, gleichfalls im Schnitt,
  • Figur 4 das Einfügen der Ausführungsform nach Figur 2 in ein Gehäuse,
  • Figur 5 eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Heizelementes, und
  • Figur 6 eine der Figur 5 entsprechende Ausführungsform, die mit einer zu erwärmenden Platte integriert ist.
The invention will now be explained in greater detail on the basis of drawings which only show execution routes. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a heating element designed according to the invention in cross-section and in longitudinal section,
  • 3 shows a variant of such a heating element, likewise in section,
  • FIG. 4 the insertion of the embodiment according to FIG. 2 into a housing,
  • 5 shows a further embodiment of a heating element designed according to the invention, and
  • 6 shows an embodiment corresponding to FIG. 5, which is integrated with a plate to be heated.

Bei der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform eines selbstregelnden Heizelementes ist ein Widerstands-Heizkörper 1 vorgesehen, der aus stromieitendem Keramikmaterial mit einem positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten des elektrischen Widerstandes beteht. Dieser Heizkörper 1 ist zwischen zwei unmittelbar an seinen Seitenflächen anliegende Metallklötzchen 3, 9 eingefügt. Hiebei weist das eine Metallklötzchen 9 eine nutartige Ausnehmung 10 auf, in die der Heizkörper 1 und das zweite Metallklötzchen 3 eingefügt ist. Es liegt dabei eine Seite des Heizkörpers 1 an der einen Seitenwand 11 der Ausnehmung 10 und die zweite Seite des Heizkörpers am zweiten Metallklötzchen 3 an. Das zweite Metallklötzchen 3 liegt seinerseits an der anderen Seitenwand 12 der Ausnehmung 10 an und ist vom ersten Metallklötzchen 9 durch eine elektrisch isolierende Folie 14 isoliert, die zwischen das Metallklötzchen 3 und die Seitenwand 12 eingefügt ist. Um einen besonders guten Wärmeübergang zu erzielen, ist dabei der Heizkörper 1 mit dem zweiten Metallklötzchen 3 streng passend in die nutartige Ausnehmung 10 des ersten Metallklötzchens 9 eingepreßt, sodaß der Heizkörper 1 unter Druck an den beiden Metallklötzchen anliegt.In the embodiment of a self-regulating heating element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a resistance heating element 1 is provided, which is made of current-conducting ceramic material and has a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance. This heating element 1 is inserted between two metal blocks 3, 9 lying directly on its side surfaces. Here, the one metal block 9 has a groove-like recess 10, into which the heating element 1 and the second metal block 3 are inserted. There is one side of the radiator 1 on the one side wall 11 of the recess 10 and the second side of the radiator on the second metal block 3. The second metal block 3 in turn bears against the other side wall 12 of the recess 10 and is insulated from the first metal block 9 by an electrically insulating film 14 which is inserted between the metal block 3 and the side wall 12. In order to achieve a particularly good heat transfer, the heating element 1 with the second metal block 3 is pressed into the groove-like recess 10 of the first metal block 9 so that it fits tightly, so that the heating element 1 rests under pressure on the two metal blocks.

Wie sich aus den Figuren 1 und 2 ergibt, ist die der Wärmeübertragung nach außen dienende Oberfläche 15 des Metallklötzchens 9 größer als die Berührungsfläche zwischen dem Heizkörper 1 und den Metallklötzchen ; dies ergibt sich sowohl daraus, daß der Heizkörper 1 kürzer als die Metallklötzchen 9, 3 ausgebildet ist (Figur 2), als auch daraus, daß die in Umfangsrichtung gelegenen Abmessungen des Metallklötzchens 9 wesentlich größer als die des Heizkörpers 1 sind (Figur 1).As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the surface 15 of the metal block 9 which serves for heat transfer to the outside is larger than the contact surface between the heating element 1 and the metal block; this results both from the fact that the radiator 1 is shorter than the metal blocks 9, 3 (Figure 2), and from the fact that the circumferential dimensions of the metal block 9 are significantly larger than those of the radiator 1 (Figure 1).

Der Aufbau des in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Heizelementes ist hinreichend stabil, um dieses Heizelement an beliebigen Stellen, an denen ein Wärmebedarf besteht, anbringen zu können. Soferne dabei eine elektrische Isolierung erforderlich ist, kann man dieses Heizelement ohne weiteres mit einer solchen Isolierung versehen. Gewünschtenfalls kann man weiters eine wärmeleitende Masse dazu verwenden, allfällige im Zuge der Fertigung entstandene Hohlräume, die im Aufbau des Heizelementes vorliegen, auszufüllen. Das Einbringen einer solchen Masse kann im Zuge des Zusammenfügens der einzelnen Teile des Heizelementes oder auch nach dem Zusammenfügen von der Stirnseite her erfolgen, und es kann eine solche Masse auch dazu dienen, konstruktiv bedingte Hohlräume, wie z. B. die Räume beiderseits des Heizkörpers 1, auszufüllen bzw. abzudichten.The structure of the heating element shown in Figures 1 and 2 is sufficiently stable to be able to attach this heating element at any point where there is a need for heat. If electrical insulation is required, this heating element can easily be provided with such insulation. If desired, it is also possible to use a heat-conducting compound to fill in any cavities that may have arisen in the course of production and that are present in the structure of the heating element. The introduction of such a mass can take place in the course of the assembly of the individual parts of the heating element or also after the assembly from the front side, and such a mass can also serve to design cavities such as. B. fill or seal the spaces on both sides of the radiator 1.

Zur Herstellung der Stromzuleitungen zum Heizkörper 1 kann man Anschlußdrähte zu unmittelbar am Heizkörper 1 vorgesehenen Anschlußstellen führen. Vom Aufbau her einfacher und kompakter ist es aber, die Stromzuleitung über die am Heizkörper anliegenden Metallklötzchen vorzunehmen und die Anschlußdrähte elektrisch mit den Metallklötzchen zu verbinden. Hinsichtlich der Verlegung der elektrischen Anschlußdrähte ist es dabei bei der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 1 und 2 vorteilhaft, wenn man diese Anschlußdrähte 16, 17 oberhalb oder unterhalb des Heizkörpers 1 in die nutartige Ausnehmung 10 einfügt, wie Figur 3 zeigt. Dies bietet vor allem dann Vorteile, wenn das Heizelement passend in eine Ausnehmung eines Gehäuses bzw. eines zu erwärmenden Körpers einzufügen ist, wie dies Figur 4 zeigt.To produce the power supply lines to the radiator 1, connecting wires can be led to connection points provided directly on the radiator 1. In terms of construction, it is simpler and more compact, however, to carry out the power supply via the metal blocks resting on the radiator and to electrically connect the connecting wires to the metal blocks. With regard to the laying of the electrical connecting wires, it is advantageous in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 if these connecting wires 16, 17 are inserted into the groove-like recess 10 above or below the radiator 1, as shown in FIG. 3. This is particularly advantageous if the heating element is to be fitted into a recess in a housing or a body to be heated, as shown in FIG. 4.

Um die Anschlußdrähte 16, 17 elektrisch mit den Metallklötzchen 9. 3 zu verbinden, kann man z. B. die blanken Enden dieser Anschlußdrähte mit den Metallklötzchen verschweißen. In der Regel genügt aber auch ein hinreichend festes Anpressen der blanken Enden an die Metallklötzchen, welche Technik bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 4 vorliegt. Es sind dabei die mit einer Isolierung umhüllten Anschlußdrähte 16. 17 nebeneinanderliegend in den über dem Heizkörper 1 befindlichen Hohlraum eingezwängt geführt, und es ist das blanke Ende jedes dieser beiden Anschlußdrähte an ein Metallklötzchen angepreßt. Die Anschlußdrähte können dabei vorteilhaft, wie Figur 4 zeigt, nebeneinanderliegend geführt werden, wobei ein aus Isoliermaterial bestehender Streifen 18 die beiden Anschlußdrähte 16, 17 elektrisch voneinander isoliert und gleichzeitig das ganze Gebilde mechanisch abstützt.In order to connect the connecting wires 16, 17 electrically to the metal blocks 9. 3, one can, for. B. weld the bare ends of these leads to the metal blocks. As a rule, a sufficiently firm one is sufficient Pressing the bare ends onto the metal blocks, which technique is used in the embodiment according to FIG. 4. The connecting wires 16, 17, which are sheathed with insulation, are guided side by side in the cavity located above the radiator 1, and the bare end of each of these two connecting wires is pressed against a metal block. The connecting wires can advantageously be guided side by side, as shown in FIG. 4, a strip 18 consisting of insulating material electrically isolating the two connecting wires 16, 17 from one another and simultaneously mechanically supporting the entire structure.

Um eine elektrische Isolierung zwischen dem Metallklötzchen 9 und dem Gehäuse 20 des Heizelementes 1 zu erhalten, ist bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 4 zwischen der Außenfläche des Metallklötzchens 9 und dem Gehäuse 20 eine Isolierung 21 aus einer elektrisch isolierenden Folie vorgesehen. Das aus dem Heizkörper 1, den Metallklötzchen und der Isolierung 21 bestehende Gebilde ist dabei eng passend in das Gehäuse 20 eingefügt.In order to obtain electrical insulation between the metal block 9 and the housing 20 of the heating element 1, in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 an insulation 21 made of an electrically insulating film is provided between the outer surface of the metal block 9 and the housing 20. The structure consisting of the radiator 1, the metal blocks and the insulation 21 is inserted into the housing 20 in a closely fitting manner.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 5 ist der Heizkörper 1 zwischen zwei plättchenförmige Metallklötzchen 2, 3 eingefügt, und es ist das so entstandene Gebilde unter Zwischenlage einer Isolierung 21 in ein in Form einer metallenen U-Schiene 22 gebildetes Gehäuse eingesetzt. Die Isolierung 21 kann dabei je nach den speziellen Erfordernissen ein- oder mehrlagig ausgebildet sein, und man kann auch, wie dies bereits in Verbindung mit den vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen erwähnt worden ist, zur Ausfüllung von Hohlräumen, die im Gebilde vorliegen, eine wärmeleitende Masse vorsehen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the radiator 1 is inserted between two plate-shaped metal blocks 2, 3, and the structure thus formed is inserted into a housing in the form of a metal U-rail 22 with the interposition of insulation 21. The insulation 21 can be designed in one or more layers depending on the special requirements, and, as has already been mentioned in connection with the embodiments described above, a heat-conducting mass can also be provided for filling cavities which are present in the structure .

Die Abmessungen des das Gehäuse bildenden U-Profiles 22 sind bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 5 so gewählt, daß die Wände 23, 24 des Gehäuses elastisch federnd an dem aus dem Heizkörper und den Metallklötzchen sowie der Isolierung bestehenden Gebilde elastisch anliegen. Um dabei einen noch besseren Anpreßdruck zu erzielen und damit den Wärmeübergang vom Heizkörper 1 zu den Metallklötzchen 2, 3 und weiter durch die Isolierung 21 zum Metallgehäuse zu verbessern, ist eine Klammer 25 vorgesehen, die die Wände 23, 24 zusammendrückt.The dimensions of the U-profile 22 forming the housing are chosen in the embodiment according to FIG. 5 such that the walls 23, 24 of the housing resiliently bear elastically on the structure consisting of the heating element and the metal blocks and the insulation. In order to achieve an even better contact pressure and thus to improve the heat transfer from the radiator 1 to the metal blocks 2, 3 and further through the insulation 21 to the metal housing, a clamp 25 is provided which compresses the walls 23, 24.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 6 ist wieder ein den Heizkörper 1 mit den daran anliegenden Metallplättchen 2, 3 und eine mehrlagige Isolierung 21 U-artig umgebendes Metallgehäuse vorgesehen, welches mit einer Metallplatte 25, die erwärmt werden soll, integriert ist. Auch in diesem Fall ist eine Feder 25 vorgesehen, die die Wände 23, 24 des Metallgehäuses zusammendrückt und dadurch ein inniges Anliegen der Metallplättchen 2, 3 am Heizkörper 1 und einen niedrigen Wärmewiderstand zwischen diesen Metallplättchen und dem Metallgehäuse sicherstellt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, a metal housing surrounding the radiator 1 with the metal plates 2, 3 lying thereon and a multi-layer insulation 21 is provided, which is integrated with a metal plate 25 which is to be heated. In this case too, a spring 25 is provided which compresses the walls 23, 24 of the metal housing and thereby ensures an intimate contact of the metal plates 2, 3 on the heating element 1 and a low thermal resistance between these metal plates and the metal housing.

Claims (5)

1. Self-regulating heating element having at least one resistor heating member arranged in a casing and made of an electrically conducting ceramic material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity said heating member being inserted between two small metal blocks which rest directly against ist side faces, said small metal blocks being insulated electrically one from the other, the outer surface of said small metal blocks serving for outwardly directed heat transfer being greater than the contact area between the heating member and the small metal blocks, characterized in, that the one small metal block (9) comprises a groove-like recess (10), in which the heating member (1) and the second small metal block (3) are inserted, the one face of said heating member (1) rests against the one side wall of this recess (10), the second face of said heating member rests against the second small metal member (3) and the second small metal member (3) rests against the other side of this recess (10), and between the second small metal block (3) and its contact surface in the groove-like recess (10) there is inserted an electrical insulation (14), with this the pressing of said metal blocks against the heating member originates from forces received within the groove-like recess (10), or that the structure consisting of said heating member (1), said both small metal blocks and an insulation arranged around their outer surface is inserted between walls (23, 24) of a housing which can be pressed together, and which are forced together for creating a pressing between the small metal blocks and the heating member by a clamp (25) acting against the outer surface of said walls.
2. Self-regulating heating element according to claim 1, characterized in, that said heating member (1) being pressed in hard fit together with said second small metal block (3) into said groove-like recess (10) of said first small block (9) and that because of this squeezing said heating member rests under pressure against said small metal blocks.
3. Self-regulating heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in, that electrical terminal wires (16, 17) being inserted into said groove-like recess (10) above and below of the heating member (1).
4. Self-regulating heating element according to claim 3, characterized in, that the terminal wires (16, 17) being pressed against said first small metal block (9) comprising the groove-like recess (10) and against said second small metal block (9) to realize an electric connection.
5. Self-regulating heating element according to claim 1, characterized in, that said housing walls (23, 24) which are elastically pressable together being integral with a metal plate (25) to warmed up.
EP19820890011 1981-01-26 1982-01-26 Self-regulating heating element Expired EP0057171B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AT321/81 1981-01-26
AT32181A AT394296B (en) 1981-01-26 1981-01-26 SELF-REGULATING HEATING ELEMENT

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EP0057171A2 EP0057171A2 (en) 1982-08-04
EP0057171A3 EP0057171A3 (en) 1982-08-25
EP0057171B1 true EP0057171B1 (en) 1986-10-01

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FR2568438B1 (en) * 1984-07-25 1986-10-17 Seb Sa BOILER FOR ELECTRIC HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE
EP0262243B1 (en) * 1986-10-01 1991-02-20 David & Baader DBK Spezialfabrik elektrischer Apparate und Heizwiderstände GmbH Ptc-heating resistor
US5362164A (en) * 1993-09-23 1994-11-08 Electro-Matic Staplers, Inc. Glue gun heat housing
US5451921A (en) * 1993-10-04 1995-09-19 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices
DE19600069C2 (en) * 1996-01-03 2002-07-11 Walther Menhardt Electric PTC radiator
DE102019109482A1 (en) * 2019-04-10 2020-10-15 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Heater

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0057171A2 (en) 1982-08-04
AT394296B (en) 1992-02-25
DE3273500D1 (en) 1986-11-06
EP0057171A3 (en) 1982-08-25
ATA32181A (en) 1991-08-15

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