EP0045017B1

EP0045017B1 - Process for surface treatment of stainless steel sheet

Info

Publication number: EP0045017B1
Application number: EP81105614A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tomoge Hitomi; Takehisa Konishi; Tetsutaro Ogushi; Kazuaki Hatakeyama
Original assignee: Nippon Kinzoku Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nippon Kinzoku Co Ltd
Priority date: 1980-07-24
Filing date: 1981-07-17
Publication date: 1985-10-16
Also published as: EP0045017A1; DE3172671D1

Description

The present invention relates to a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet (including a stainless steel strip) according to which electrochemical treatment is performed using the stainless steel sheet as a cathode for forming a noncorroding film on the surface thereof.
Chrome plating is known as a process for surface treatment of this type. Chrome plating is a kind of electroplating according to which a surface film of pure chrome is formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet by electrodeposition of metal chrome. This surface film is advantageous in that it is noncorroding and has excellent gloss. This film is utilized for treating stainless steel sheets which are inexpensive but are not sufficiently noncorroding, such as sheets according to JIS SUS430.
However, this chrome plating adopts as a treatment solution a mixture of sulfuric acid and chromic acid of high concentration. For this reason, the waste solution from the treatment contains a large amount of chromic acid and thus requires costly treatment for prevention of pollution.
Chrome plating further requires a large current of over several amperes per dm² and a long treatment time. This plating process thus results in great power consumption (e.g. integrated current density 6,000 A·sec/dm²) and higher treatment cost.
In view of these problems, Japanese Patent Disclosure (Kokai) No. 53-30434 proposes, as an alternative to chrome plating, to perform an electrochemical treatment using a mixture of chromic acid, dichromic acid and phosphoric acid as a treatment solution, and a stainless steel sheet as a cathode for forming a noncorroding film on the surface of the stainless steel sheet.
This process is advantageous in that the concentration of residual chromic acid in the solution is low, and the treatment of the waste solution is easy. Furthermore, a corrosion resistance comparable to that obtained with chromic plating may be obtained with a smaller current density and a shorter conduction time.
However, this process has drawbacks in that resistance to sulfurous acid which is essential in stainless steel sheets for automobiles is poor, and surface gloss is poor, thus reducing the product value as compared with chrome-plated stainless steel sheets.
The present invention has been made in view of this and has for its object to provide a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet wherein the treatment solution is improved so that gloss and resistance to sulfurous acid are improved.
The solution of this task according to the invention is realized in that a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet is characterized by dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution and carrying out cathodic treatment under conditions of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm² integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature, said treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of a molybdate and/or 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet is characterized by dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA (bright annealing) film or a passive film in a treatment solution and carrying out cathodic treatment under conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, said treatment solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.
According to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet is characterized by, before or after dipping a stainless steel having a BA film or a passive film in a first treatment solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature, dipping the stainless steel sheet in a second treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric acid and 0.1 to 10% by weight of a molybdate and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of a molybdate, and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm² integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention, a process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet is characterized by dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a 0.1 to 70% by weight aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, utilizing the stainless steel as a cathode and metal molybdenum as an anode.
Before practicing the present invention, a BA (bright annealing) film or a passive film must be formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet to be treated. The BA film or the passive film is a film which renders the surface of the stainless steel sheet inactive. The BA film may be obtained by bright heat- treatment according to which the sheet is heated in a vacuum, an inert gas, a reducing gas, or a hot salt. The passive film may be obtained by leaving the sheet in air or dipping the stainless steel sheet in a 20% (by volume) aqueous solution of nitric acid at room temperature for 30 minutes or at 65°C for 10 minutes.
The reason why the BA film or the passive film should be formed before the treatment according to the present invention is that if such a film is not formed in advance, corrosion resistance may not be improved even if cathodic treatment is conducted according to this invention. This has been confirmed by experiments to be described later (Example 1).
As has been described above, according to one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film formed thereon undergoes cathodic treatment in a treatment solution containing phosphoric acid, chromic acid, magnesium oxide and/or sodium silicate.
Phosphoric acid and chromic acid contained in this treatment solution are necessary components for forming a noncorroding film on the surface of the stainless steel sheet. The lower limit of the amount of phosphoric acid to be used has been set at 0.1 % by weight since with smaller amounts of phosphoric acid satisfactory corrosion resistance may not be obtained. The upper limit of phosphoric acid to be used has also been set to 50% by weight, since larger amounts of phosphoric acid may result in more or less loss of gloss at the surface of the stainless sheet and a greater waste of solution. The preferable range of the amount of phosphoric acid to be used herein is 5 to 20% by weight.
The range for the amount of chromic acid has also been set between 0.1 and 10.0% by weight for the same reason as in the case of phosphoric acid. When the amount of chromic acid is not in this range satisfactory corrosion resistance may not be obtained. When the amount of chromic acid is out of this range surface gloss is lost and the amount of the waste solution will be great. The preferable range of the amount of chromic acid is 0.5 to 1.8% by weight.
Magnesium oxide and sodium silicate are components for preventing loss of gloss at the surface of the stainless steel sheet. The range of the amount of magnesium oxide has been limited since satisfactory gloss may not be obtained below 0.1% or above 2.0% by weight. The preferable range of the amount of magnesium oxide is 0.5 to 1.5% by weight.
The amount of sodium silicate has been limited between 0.1 and 2% by weight. When this amount is less than 0.1% by weight satisfactory gloss may not be obtained. When the amount of sodium silicate exceeds 2% by weight it precipitates in the form of gel from the solution so that it may not exhibit the advantageous effects of sodium silicate. The preferable range of sodium silicate is 0.1 to 0.8% by weight. When both magnesium oxide and sodium silicate are employed as a mixture the amount of the mixture ranges between 0.1 and 2% by weight.
When the amount is below 0.1% by weight the satisfactory effects provided by addition of these members may not be obtained. When the amount exceeds 2% by weight the surface gloss may not be obtained. More preferably, the amount of the mixture of magnesium oxide and sodium silicate ranges beteween 1.0 and 1.8% by weight.
The treating conditions for cathodic treatment in such a treatment solution are 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature. The integrated current density has been limited to the range of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm² since a lower integrated current density than 1 A·sec/dm² results in insufficient corrosion resistance and a higher integrated current density than 600 A.sec/dm² results in unsatisfactory surface gloss and higher cost. The preferable range of integrated current density is 60 to 360 A·sec/dm². The solution temperature has been limited to the range of 0 to 90°C since the solution temperature below 0°C results in a longer treating time and difficulty in maintaining the temperature of the treatment solution; a higher solution temperature than 90°C results in degradation in quality of the treatment solution. The preferable range of solution temperature is 50 to 70°C.
Thus, the present invention provides three options:

(a) a process for carrying out cathodic treatment of a stainless steel sheet having BA film or passive film formed thereon under predetermined conditions with a solution mixture (first treatment solution) containing phosphoric acid, chromic acid, and magnesium oxide and/or sodium silicate; and thereafter carrying out again cathodic treatment under predetermined conditions with a solution mixture (second treatment solution) containing phosphoric acid and a molybdate;
(b) a process of carrying out cathodic treatment of a stainless steel sheet having BA film or a passive film formed thereon under predetermined-conditions with a solution mixture (second treatment solution) containing phosphoric acid and a molybdate; and thereafter carrying out again cathodic treatment under predetermined conditions with a solution mixture (first treatment solution) containing phosphoric acid, chromic acid, and magnesium oxide and/or sodium silicate; and
(c) a process for carrying out cathodic treatment in a solution mixture (solution mixture of the first and second treatment solutions) containing phosphoric acid, chromic acid, the molybdate, and magnesium oxide and/or sodium silicate.

Among these three options, the best effects are obtained with the first method (a).
The mixing ratio of the respective components in the first treatment solution is the same as that described before with reference to the first aspect of the present invention. Similarly, the mixing ratio of the respective components of the second treatment solution is the same as that described with reference to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. The cathodic treatment conditions in the first treatment solution are 1 to 600 A-sec/dm² in integrated current density, and 0 to 90°C in solution temperature, preferably 10 to 30°C. The integrated current density has been limited to this range for the reasons as described below. When the integrated current density is below 1 A.sec/dm², the gloss may be maintained but the resistance to corrosion, such as resistance to sulfurous acid, salt damage (table 1) and so on, is not satisfactory. When the integrated current density exceeds 600 A-sec/dm², the gloss may not be maintained and the process is uneconomical. Particularly for improving the resistance to sulfurous acid, it is preferable to set the integrated current density within the range of 40 to 120 A-sec/dm². Particularly for improving the resistance to salt damage, it is preferable to set the integrated current density of 10 to 80 A·sec/dm². For improving both these resistance characteristics, it is preferable to set the integrated current density within the range of 50 to 70 A-sec/dm². The temperature of this treatment solution should be controlled between 0 and 90°C for the reasons to be described below. When the solution temperature is below 0°C, the treatment time becomes longer and maintenance of the temperature of treatment solution becomes difficult. When the solution temperature exceeds 90°C, the effects of improving resistance to corrosion may not be obtained. In the cathodic protection with the first treatment solution, the treatment time may be shortened and the power consumption may be reduced with an increase in temperature of the treatment solution. With a solution temperature ranging from 70 to 90°C, a film of sufficient corrosion resistance may be formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet with an integrated current density of below 1 A.sec/dm², or even at 0 A·sec/dm² (dipping in the solution with no electric current flowing through the stainless steel sheet).
The cathodic treatment conditions in the second treatment solution are 1 to 600 A-sec/dm² integrated current density, and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, preferably 40 to 60°C. The integrated current density has been set within the range of 1 to 600 A·sec/dm² for the reasons to be described below. When the integrated current density is below 1 A-sec/dm², the gloss may be obtained but the corrosion resistance may not be sufficient. When the integrated current density exceeds 600 A-sec/dm², the surface gloss may not be obtained, discoloration may occur, and the process is uneconomical. Particularly for improving the resistance to sulfurous acid, it is preferable to set the integrated current density within the range of 60 to 200 A·sec/dm². Particularly for improving the resistance to salt damage, it is preferable to set the integrated current density within the range of 40 to 80 A-sec/dm². For improving both these resistances, the integrated current density is preferably set within the range of 60 to 80 A-secldm². The solution temperature of the second treatment solution has been set to be within the range of 0 to 90°C for the same reasons described with reference to the second aspect of the present invention.
As for the cathodic treatment in the second treatment solution, the treatment time may be shortened and the power consumption may be reduced with a higher solution temperature. With a solution temperature ranging from 70 to 90°C, a corrosion resistant film may be formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet with an integrated current density of below 1 A.sec/dm², or even at 0 A·sec/dm² (dipping in the solution with no electric current flowing through the stainless steel sheet).
The cathodic treatment conditions with a solution mixture of the first and second treatment solutions may be substantially the same as those described with reference to the cathodic treatment with either the first or second treatment solution, and may be appropriately selected accordingly.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive filmed formed thereon is dipped in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric acid, preferable 5 to 50% by weight, and cathodic treatment of the stainless steel sheet is carried out under the treatment conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density, and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, preferably 40 to 60°C, using the stainless steel sheet as a cathode and metal molybdenum as an anode. The reasons for setting the phosphoric acid amount and the cathodic protection conditions are the same as those described with reference to the second aspect of the present invention.
Metal molybdenum is used as the anode in this process for electrolytically eluting the metal molybdenum during electrolysis. This metal molybdenum improves the resistance to sulfurous acid of the noncorroding film formed on the surface of the stainless steel sheet. It also maintains excellent gloss. Metal molybdenum of higher purity is preferable for improving the corrosion resistance to thereby prevent degradation of the treatment solution.
According to this process, since the metal molybdenum as the anode is electrolytically eluted, the molybdate need not be incorporated in advance, thus improving the workability of the treatment. Furthermore, since the metal molybdenum does not contain a large amount of impurities, it prevents degradation in quality of the treatment solution and prolongs the life of the treatment solution.
According to the present invention, the treatment time may be shortened with a higher solution temperature and a greater current density. With the treatment solution and the treatment conditions according to the present invention, a corrosion resistant film may be formed, generally, in 10 seconds to 10 minutes.
In accordance with the present invention, a film having corrosion resistance may be formed on the surface of a stainless steel sheet, and its corrosion resistance will not be degraded for a long period of time after treatment. This film is rich in gloss and improves the resistance to corrosion of a stainless steel sheet having insufficient resistance to corrosion, thus improving its product value.

Example 1

As raw materials, stainless steel sheets (or strip) of JIS SUS 430 (No. 1), JIS SUS 434 (No. 2), and JIS SUS 304 (No. 3) having on their surface BA film formed by bright annealing were used. The treatment solution contained 9.25% by weight of phosphoric acid, 1.68% by weight of chromic acid, 0.78% by weight of magnesium oxide, and 0.10% by weight of sodium silicate.
The stainless steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment for 3 minutes at a current density of 2.0 Aldm² and a solution temperature of 20°C.
The surface-treated stainless steel sheets were then subjected to a corrosion resistance test according to the conditions shown in Table 1. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
For the purpose of comparison, a conventional stainless steel sheet having simply a BA film formed thereon, i.e. without carrying out the cathodic treatment according to this invention, was also subjected to the corrosion test according to the method shown in Table 1, and the obtained results are also shown in Table 2.
A stainless steel sheet without a BA or passive film formed thereon was subjected to the cathodic treatment under the same conditions as in the example described above. The corrosion test results of this material are also shown in Table 2.
In the example described above, another treatment solution containing phosphoric acid and chromic acid but not containing magnesium oxide and sodium silicate was similarly used for surface treatment. The results of the corrosion tests on the stainless steel sheet obtained with this treatment solution are also shown in Table 2.

Example 2

The gloss of the surfaces of the stainless steel sheets obtained in Example 1 was compared with the gloss of the stainless steel sheets having the BAfilm formed thereon. The presence or absence of gloss was evaluated. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
For the purpose of comparison, the same evaluations were made on stainless steel sheets treated with the treatment solutions wherein the amounts of phosphoric acid, chromic acid, magnesium oxide and sodium silicate deviated from the ranges according to the present invention, and on stainless steel sheets obtained at integrated current densities which deviated from the ranges according to the present invention. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.

Example 3

Stainless steel sheet raw materials were used which were obtained by bright annealing the sheets according to JIS SUS 430, JIS SUS 434, and JIS SUS 420J2 to form BA films, and by hair-line treating (forming a passive film on) the sheet according to JIS SUS 304. The treatment solution contained 9.37% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1.34% by weight of sodium molybdate.
These stainless steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment in this treatment solution under the conditions of a current density of 1.0 A/dm², a solution temperature of 20°C, and a treatment time of 3 minutes (treatment 1). These stainless steel sheets were then subjected to cathodic treatment again at a current density of 1.0 A/dm2, a solution temperature of 50°C, and a treatment time of 30 seconds (treatment 2).
The stainless steel sheets surface-treated in this manner then underwent the corrosion resistance test shown in Table 1, and the obtained results are shown in Table 4.
For the purpose of comparison, a stainless steel sheet having a BA film formed thereon was similarly subjected to the corrosion resistance test and the obtained results are shown in Table 4.
A stainless steel sheet having neither the BA film nor the passive film was subjected to cathodic protection under the same conditions as this example. The obtained results are also shown in Table 4.
A stainless steel sheet as in the above example was similarly subjected to cathodic treatment with a treatment solution which contained phosphoric acid but which did not contain a molybdate. The results of the corrosion resistance test on this stainless steel sheet are also shown in Table 4.

Example 4

The surface gloss of the stainless steel sheet (JIS SUS 430) obtained in Example 3 was compared with that of the stainless steel sheet having the BA film formed thereon. The presence or absence of gloss was evaluated. The obtained results are shown in Table 5.
For the purpose of comparison, evaluations were made on the presence or absence of gloss on the stainless steel sheets obtained with the treatment solutions wherein the amounts of phosphoric acid and molybdate deviated from the ranges according to the present invention, and on the stainless steel sheets obtained at current densities which deviated from the ranges according to the present invention. The obtained results are also shown in Table 5.

Example 5

Stainless steel sheets were used which were obtained by bright annealing sheets according to JIS SUS 430 to form BA films thereon. The first treatment solution contained 9.25% by weight of phosphoric acid, 1.68% by weight of chromic acid, 0.78% by weight of magnesium oxide, and 0.10% by weight of sodium silicate. The stainless steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment by varying the treatment conditions within the ranges according to the present invention. The second treatment solution contained 9.37% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1.34% by weight of sodium molybdate. The stainless steel sheets were subjected to cathodic treatment again by varying the treatment conditions within the ranges according to the present invention.
The stainless steel sheets surface-treated in this manner were subjected to the corrosion resistance test according to the method shown in Table 1 (the resistance to sulfurous acid was evaluated according to the sulfurous acid gas corrosion test as defined in Dln, and the resistance to salt damage was evaluated according to the Dip and Dry method (GM conditions)). The obtained results are shown in Table 6. Observations were made on gloss and discoloration of the surfaces of the sheets, and the obtained results are also shown in Table 6.
For the purpose of comparison, stainless steel sheets were subjected to various treatment methods. Some stainless steel sheets were subjected to the first and second treatments wherein the treatment conditions deviated from the ranges according to the present invention (Nos. 9 to 12). A stainless steel sheet was subjected to cathodic treatment in the first treatment solution but not to the second treatment (No. 13). Stainless steel sheets were subjected to the first treatment but not to the second treatment (Nos. 14 and 15). A stainless steel sheet which did not have a BA film was subjected to the first and second treatments (No. 16). A stainless steel sheet was subjected to the second treatment first and to the first treatment thereafter (No. 17). A stainless steel sheet was subjected to a treatment with a solution mixture of the first and second treatment solutions (No. 18). These stainless steel sheets were subjected to the corrosion resistance test and were evaluated for gloss and discoloration. The results are shown in Table 6.
In the case of sample No. 18, the composition of the solution mixture was 9.37% by weight of phosphoric acid, 1.68% by weight of chromic acid, 0.78% by weight of magnesium oxide, and 1.34% by weight of a molybdate. The treatment conditions were 1 Aldm² current density, 60 second treatment time, and 50°C solution temperature.
For the purpose of comparison, stainless steel sheets were subjected to dipping (without conduction of current) instead of cathodic treatment in the first and second treatment solutions (Nos. 19 to 21). These stainless steel sheets were subjected to the corrosion resistance test and were evaluated for gloss and discoloration. The results are shown in Table 6.

Example 6

Stainless steel sheets were obtained by bright annealing the sheets according to JIS SUS 430 to form BA films thereon. A treatment was carried out using these sheets as cathodes and metal molybdenum plates of 99.0% by weight purity as anodes in a treatment solution containing 10% by weight of phosphoric acid.
Some of these stainless steel sheet were subjected to a treatment under the conditions of 2 A/dm² current density, 25°C solution temperature, and 3 minutes treatment time (treatment 1), and the rest to another treatment under the conditions of 1 A/dm² current density, 60°C solution temperature and 1 minute treatment time (treatment 2).
The stainless steel sheets surface-treated in this manner were subjected to the corrosion resistance test by the method shown in Table 1, and the obtained results are shown in Table 7.
For the purpose of comparison, 0.5% by weight of sodium molybdate was added to the treatment solution of the example, and a stainless steel sheet was surface-treated in this treatment solution. The obtained sheet was subjected to the corrosion-resistance test, and the obtained results are shown in Table 7.
The stainless steel sheet having a BA film was also subjected to the corrosion resistance test and the obtained results are shown in Table 7.
The stainless steel sheet having neither the BA film nor the passive film was subjected to cathodic treatment under the same conditions as in the example. The results of the corrosion resistance test of this sheet are also shown in Table 7.
In the above example, a similar sheet was subjected to cathodic treatment using lead instead of metal molybdenum as the anode. The results of the corrosion resistance test of this sheet are also shown in Table 7.
It is seen from the above table that corrosion resistance is significantly improved according to the present invention.
A treatment solution containing sodium molybdenum also results in good corrosion resistance of the resultant sheet. However, as will be made clear in Example 8, degradation in quality of the treatment solution is significant with this composition.

Example 7

The surface gloss of the stainless steel sheet (JIS SUS 430) obtained in Example 6 was compared with that of the stainless steel sheet having a BA film formed thereon. Evaluations were made as to the presence or absence of gloss. The obtained results are shown in Table 8.
For the purpose of comparison, similar evaluations were made on a stainless steel sheet subjected to cathodic treatment using lead instead of metal molybdenum as the anode, on a stainless steel sheet subjected to cathodic treatment after being dipped in a treatment solution wherein the amount of phosphoric acid deviated from the range according to the present invention, and a stainless steel sheet subjected to cathodic treatment wherein the current density deviated from the range according to the present invention. The obtained results are shown in Table 8.
It is seen from the above table that excellent gloss may be obtained according to the process of the present invention.

Example 8

After the treatment (treatment 1) of Example 6, degradation in quality of the treatment solution was evaluated. Degradation in quality was not observed after 75 hours.
To the treatment solution used in Example 6 was added 0.5% by weight of sodium molybdate. Cathodic treatment was carried out using a ferrite anode. Degradation in quality of the treatment solution was evaluated. Degradation in quality of the treatment solution was first observed after 25 hours.
For judging the degradation, a belt-shaped plate of a sample 100 mm in width was continuously treated in 1 liter of the electrolytic solution. The solution was judged to have degraded when the rusting rate according to the sulfurous acid resistance test exceeded 10%.
In summary, according to the process of the present invention, corrosion resistance, particularly resistance to sulfurous acid, is excellent and excellent gloss may be maintained, providing an excellent process for surface treatment of stainless steel sheets for automobiles. With the process of the present invention, preparation for the treatment is easy and degradation in the treatment solution may be prevented for a long period of time.

Claims

1. A process for surface treatment of a stainless steel sheet characterized by dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution and carrying out cathodic treatment under conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature, said treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of a molybdate and/or 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the treatment solution contains 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the treatment solution contains 5 to 20% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the treatment solution contains 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the molybdate.

5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the treatment solution contains 5 to 50% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1 to 3% by weight of the molybdate.

6. A process according to claim 1, characterized by performing said cathodic treatment in two steps, a first step comprising dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature, and a second step comprising dipping the stainless steel sheet treated in the first step in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric acid and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the molybdate and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 Asec/dm2 integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature.

7. A process according to claim 6, wherein the treatment solution in the first step contains 5 to 20% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof, and the treatment solution in the second step contains 5 to 50% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1 to 3% of the molybdate.

8. A process according to claim 1, characterized by performing said cathodic treatment in two steps, a first step comprising dipping a stainless steel sheet having a BA film or a passive film in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 70% by weight of phosphoric acid and 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the molybdate and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A-sec/dm² integrated current density and 10 to 90°C solution temperature, and a second step comprising dipping the stainless steel sheet treated in the first step in a treatment solution containing 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof and carrying out cathodic treatment under the conditions of 1 to 600 A.sec/dm² integrated current density and 0 to 90°C solution temperature.

9. A process according to claim 8, wherein the treatment solution in the first step contains 5 to 50% by weight of phosphoric acid and 1 to 3% by weight of the molybdate, and the treatment solution in the second step contains 5 to 20% by weight of phosphoric acid, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of chromic acid, and 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, sodium silicate and mixtures thereof.

10. A process according to claim 1, wherein the molybdate is supplied by using metal molybdenum as an anode.

11. A process according to claim 4, wherein the molybdate is supplied by using mainly metal molybdenum as an anode.

12. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the integrated current density is 60 to 360 A.sec/dm² and the solution temperature is 40--70°C.

13. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the stainless steel sheet conforms to JIS SUS 430, JIS SUS 420 or JIS SUS 434.