EP0039817A1 - Method of regulating the voltage of an electrical precipitator in a plant - Google Patents

Method of regulating the voltage of an electrical precipitator in a plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039817A1
EP0039817A1 EP81103149A EP81103149A EP0039817A1 EP 0039817 A1 EP0039817 A1 EP 0039817A1 EP 81103149 A EP81103149 A EP 81103149A EP 81103149 A EP81103149 A EP 81103149A EP 0039817 A1 EP0039817 A1 EP 0039817A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
filter
parameter values
electrofilter
breakdown
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Granted
Application number
EP81103149A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0039817B1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Herklotz
Günter Mehler
Franz Dipl.-Ing. Neulinger
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Schummer
Horst Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Daar
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Schmidt
Heinrich Winkler
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GEA Group AG
Siemens AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
Siemens AG
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Priority to AT81103149T priority Critical patent/ATE8849T1/en
Publication of EP0039817A1 publication Critical patent/EP0039817A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/903—Precipitators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the voltage of an electrostatic filter used in a system, in which the filter voltage is reduced by a predetermined value during breakdown and is then increased with a predetermined temporal voltage gradient until the breakdown occurs again.
  • This generic term refers to electrostatic filter controls, such as are described in more detail in Siemens Zeitschrift 1971, Issue 9, pages 567 to 572, for example.
  • the control works so that after reaching the operating voltage, the filter voltage of the respective breakdown voltage is adjusted by scanning the breakdown limit. After each breakthrough, the power supply to the filter is blocked immediately and with after a deionization time ramped up to a voltage that is a small amount less than the voltage before the breakdown. From this value, the control voltage and thus the filter voltage is then slowly increased again at an adjustable speed until another breakdown, whereupon the measures described above are repeated.
  • the breakdown frequency is dependent on the amount of voltage drop after each breakdown and the voltage gradient over time.
  • the nominal current of the system is also of interest. If the dust resistance is low, the nominal current limit of the system can be reached earlier than the breakthrough limit. Even in such a case, the automatic control system must limit the current, and the current limit should also be adjustable.
  • the object of the present invention is to design the method of the type mentioned at the outset such that the operating point of the filter is as optimal as possible to the changing operating states of the overall system is adjusted.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that a number of parameter values used for regulation are stored when the filter is started up and in that the parameter values which are effective during filter operation are dependent on the process state of the system.
  • the filter operation can be adapted to the changing process conditions.
  • the electrostatic filter system connected downstream of a converter may serve as an example. It can be seen that the dust accumulation will also differ during the various operating states of the converter system.
  • the operating point of the electrostatic precipitator or the electrostatic precipitator system is also set in such a way that energy is not wasted unnecessarily. Further examples of this are given at the end of the description.
  • the method described above can be used with advantage when using a microcomputer control. It is only necessary to write the relevant parameter values into the semiconductor memory of the control when the filter control is started up and to activate the individual values depending on the process.
  • the parameter values can also be advantageously changed by a higher-level master computer, which is informed about the respective status of the overall process and can accordingly calculate optimization strategies.
  • the high-voltage rectifier 4 supplying the direct voltage for the electrostatic filter 1 is fed from an alternating-voltage network N via a thyristor actuator 2 and a high-voltage transformer 3.
  • the control voltage U st for the control rate 5 of the thyristor actuator 2 is generated by, for example, a digital controller 6, to which the signals on the actual value side are supplied, inter alia, the primary current Ip, the filter current I F and the filter voltage U.
  • the controller 6 is also supplied with a signal D which indicates a breakdown.
  • a high-voltage breakdown detection is described, for example, in the above-mentioned article from Siemens magazine 1971.
  • the voltage is reduced by a predetermined value.
  • This value can be selected as a percentage value k of the filter voltage present in each case; ie the filter voltage drop is where, for example, k can fluctuate between 1 and 5%.
  • a number of these parameter values k are written into a memory 61 assigned to the controller 6 when the control is started up:
  • the voltage is then increased again with a predetermined temporal voltage gradient ⁇ until the next breakdown.
  • a number of different gradients are stored in a further memory 62 when the control is started up.
  • the control unit receives signals dependent on the process, e.g. represented by line 11.
  • Process-dependent signals can e.g. Serve signal signals about the operating state of the overall system, e.g. Blowing operation with a converter or information about gas speed and gas humidity. Additionally or alternatively, the process-dependent signals can also be derived from a dust loading measuring device 8 provided in the electrostatic filter 1.
  • the control unit 7 can be constructed in a relatively simple manner, for example in the form of a decoder, it only needs a corresponding switch in each case for a specific request and report of operating states on the line 11 position of the switch 64 to correspond.
  • FIG. 2 which represents an idealized course of the DC filter voltage
  • a filter breakdown D occurs at time t 0 .
  • the voltage is then increased, if necessary after a certain waiting time, until the breakdown D occurs again at time t 1 , whereupon the game is repeated again.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of the digital controller 6 as a microcomputer system 9.
  • the microcomputer system consists essentially of two microprocessors 91 and 92, of which the microprocessor 91 is used for the actual control and the microprocessor 92, which works as a slave processor, the measured value processing and Puncture detection.
  • An input / output 95 is also connected to the bus 96, to which the two microprocessors 91 and 92 are connected, via which the microcomputer system takes the measured values from the electrostatic precipitator system and outputs the control voltage Uan to the actuator 5.
  • a semiconductor memory 93 for the system program and the data is also connected to the same bus 96. Communication with a higher-level master computer is possible via a coupling module 94, which is also provided, as indicated by line 99.
  • the microcomputer system is constructed in the same way for all filter systems a supply device 97 entered the individual parameter values with the aid of a programming device 98. In this way, the same control can be individually adapted to the different filters and filter zones.
  • the gas 12 to be cleaned flows through the individual filters one after the other in the direction of the arrow.
  • the single filter, e.g. I comprises the components designated 1 to 5 in FIG. 1.
  • Each of the electrostatic filters I-III is assigned a control microcomputer system 9, which communicates with a higher-level control computer 10 via a bus 99. With this master computer, optimization strategies can then be calculated and, depending on the dust loading detected by a measuring device 8 and / or the operating states of the system supplied via line 11, those parameter values are activated in the controls 9 which result in an optimal overall efficiency of the system; e.g. it is conceivable that the filters 1 and 2 are reduced in their output in the time of a low dust accumulation and only the filter 3 is operated at full output.
  • Process-dependent signals can e.g. Messages about belt standstill serve in a sintering plant or in a cement plant messages about a temperature change in the rotary kiln, about switching on or the shutdown of the cement mill or the like.
  • process signals temperature, dust fraction, gas composition (C0, H 2 etc.), raw gas dust quantity, clean gas dust content, pressure, gas velocity, dust resistance and gas humidity; in a power plant: load condition, load change gradient, Type of coal burned (sulfur content) and in the case of waste incineration: type of waste to be burned (composition), type of additional combustion (oil, natural gas, coal).
  • the parameters affected by parameters include: filter current, filter voltage, permitted undervoltage limit, permitted number of breakdowns, gradient of the scan, level of filter voltage reduction during the knocking measures, recording of the filter characteristics allowed (yes / no), pause time of the knocking, duration of the knocking, frequency knocking measures, addition of conditioning additives (e.g. 50 3 , H 2 0), type of reaction to a breakdown (e.g. length of deionization time, ramp-up time, voltage reduction), time length of the search periods (for optimization strategies) and time length of keeping the filter voltage constant (to Breakthrough limit is sampled again).
  • conditioning additives e.g. 50 3 , H 2 0
  • type of reaction to a breakdown e.g. length of deionization time, ramp-up time, voltage reduction
  • time length of the search periods for optimization strategies
  • time length of keeping the filter voltage constant to Breakthrough limit is sampled again.

Abstract

A system for controlling the voltage of an electrofilter of the type which, after a voltage breakdown, substantially reduces the magnitude of the electrofilter voltage. After a predetermined deionization time, the filter voltage is raised to a new level which is lower than the filter voltage at which the initial voltage breakdown occurred, by a predetermined amount. The filter voltage is subsequently raised in accordance with a predetermined voltage-time function until a further voltage breakdown occurs. The electrofilter voltage is controlled by a microcomputer system in accordance with stored control parameter values. The stored control parameter values are advantageously recalled to control the electrofilter voltage in response to the operating state of a plant in which the electrofilter is employed. In plants wherein a plurality of electrofilters are employed, each such electrofilter is controlled by an associated microcomputer system, the plural microcomputer systems being controlled by a central pilot computer. The central pilot computer of the plant computes strategies which enhance the energy efficiency of the overall electrofilter purification system.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Regeln der Spannung eines in eine Anlage eingesetzten Elektrofilters, bei dem beim Durchschlag die Filterspannung um einen vorgegebenen Wert abgesenkt wird und anschließend mit einem vorgegebenen zeitlichen Spannungsgradienten bis zum erneuten Durchschlag gesteigert wird.The invention relates to a method for regulating the voltage of an electrostatic filter used in a system, in which the filter voltage is reduced by a predetermined value during breakdown and is then increased with a predetermined temporal voltage gradient until the breakdown occurs again.

Mit diesem Oberbegriff wird auf Elektrofiltersteuerungen Bezug genommen, wie sie beispielsweise in der Siemens Zeitschrift 1971, Heft 9, Seiten 567 bis 572 näher beschrieben sind.This generic term refers to electrostatic filter controls, such as are described in more detail in Siemens Zeitschrift 1971, Issue 9, pages 567 to 572, for example.

Da die Wirksamkeit eines Elektrofilters etwa mit dem Quadrat der anliegenden Gleichspannung steigt, muB man bestrebt sein, diese so hoch wie möglich einzustellen. Durch die Durchbruchsfestigkeit des Gases ist allerdings diese Spannung nach oben hin begrenzt. Da es außer dem Durchbruch selbst kein Kriterium für die maximal mögliche Spannung gibt, müssen in bestimmten Zeitabständen Durchbrüche herbeigeführt werden,um diese Grenze abzutasten.Since the effectiveness of an electrostatic precipitator increases with the square of the applied DC voltage, efforts must be made to set it as high as possible. Due to the breakdown strength of the gas, however, this voltage has an upper limit. Since there is no criterion for the maximum possible voltage other than the breakdown itself, breakdowns have to be made at certain time intervals in order to sense this limit.

Im Durchbruchsbetrieb arbeitet die Steuerung also so, daß nach Erreichen der Betriebsspannung die Filterspannung der jeweiligen Durchbruchsspannung durch Abtasten der Durchbruchsgrenze angepaßt wird. Nach jedem Durchbruch wird die Stromzufuhr zum Filter unverzüglich gesperrt und nach Ablauf einer Entionisierungszeit mit einem schnellen Hochlauf auf eine Spannung hochgefahren, die um einen kleinen Betrag niedriger ist als die Spannung vor dem Durchbruch. Von diesem Wert aus wird dann die Steuerspannung und damit die Filterspannung mit einer einstellbaren Geschwindigkeit wieder langsam bis zu einem erneuten Durchbruch gesteigert, worauf sich die vorstehend beschriebenen Maßnahmen wiederholen. Wie aus den vorstehenden Ausführungen ersichtlich, ist also die Durchschlagshäufigkeit von dem Betrag der Spannungsabsenkung nach jedem Durchschlag und dem zeitlichen Spannungsgradienten der Spannungssteigerung abhängig.In breakdown mode, the control works so that after reaching the operating voltage, the filter voltage of the respective breakdown voltage is adjusted by scanning the breakdown limit. After each breakthrough, the power supply to the filter is blocked immediately and with after a deionization time ramped up to a voltage that is a small amount less than the voltage before the breakdown. From this value, the control voltage and thus the filter voltage is then slowly increased again at an adjustable speed until another breakdown, whereupon the measures described above are repeated. As can be seen from the above, the breakdown frequency is dependent on the amount of voltage drop after each breakdown and the voltage gradient over time.

Neben weiteren Faktoren ist auch noch der Nennstrom der Anlage von Interesse. Bei niedrigem Staubwiderstand kann nämlich die Nennstromgrenze der Anlage früher erreicht werden als die Durchbruchsgrenze..Auch in einem solchen Fall muß die Steuerungsautomatik den Strom begrenzen, wobei die Strombegrenzung ebenfalls einstellbar sein sollte.In addition to other factors, the nominal current of the system is also of interest. If the dust resistance is low, the nominal current limit of the system can be reached earlier than the breakthrough limit. Even in such a case, the automatic control system must limit the current, and the current limit should also be adjustable.

Im Regelfall werden bei bisher bekannten Steuerungen die vorstehend erwähnten Werte bei der Inbetriebnahme des Filters einmal fest eingestellt und anschließend praktisch nicht mehr verändert. Da sich jedoch die Betriebsbedingungen eines Filters - bedingt durch den Gesamtzustand der Anlage, in der das Elektrofilter nur einen Teil darstellt - ändern können, ist ersichtlich, daß fest vorgegebene Werte dieser Größen nicht in allen Betriebsfällen zu optimalen Arbeitspunkten führen werden; z.B. wird unter Umständen mehr Energie den Filtern zugeführt, als zum Erreichen einer bestimmten Reingasstaubbeladung notwendig ist.As a rule, in the case of previously known controls, the values mentioned above are fixed once when the filter is started up and are then practically not changed. However, since the operating conditions of a filter can change due to the overall condition of the system, in which the electrostatic filter only represents a part, it can be seen that fixed values of these sizes will not lead to optimal operating points in all operating cases; e.g. Under certain circumstances, more energy is supplied to the filters than is necessary to achieve a certain clean gas dust load.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, das Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestal-' ten, daß der Arbeitspunkt des Filters möglichst optimal an die wechselnden Betriebszustände der Gesamtanlage angepaßt wird.The object of the present invention is to design the method of the type mentioned at the outset such that the operating point of the filter is as optimal as possible to the changing operating states of the overall system is adjusted.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß bei der Inbetriebnahme des Filters eine Reihe von zur Regelung dienenden Parameterwerten gespeichert wird und daß die jeweils während des Filterbetriebes wirksamen Parameterwerte vom Prozeßzustand der Anlage abhängig sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that a number of parameter values used for regulation are stored when the filter is started up and in that the parameter values which are effective during filter operation are dependent on the process state of the system.

Auf diese Weise kann der Filterbetrieb den sich jeweils wechselnden ProzeBverhältnissen angepaßt werden. Als Beispiel möge hierfür die einem Konverter nachgeschaltete Elektrofilteranlage dienen. Es ist ersichtlich, daß während der verschiedenen Betriebszustände der Konverteranlage auch der Staubanfall unterschiedlich sein wird. Hier ist es dann vorteilhaft, wenn je nach dem jeweiligen Betriebspunkt auch der Arbeitspunkt des Elektrofilters oder der Elektrofilteranlage so eingestellt wird, daß nicht unnötig Energie vergeudet wird. Weitere Beispiele hierzu sind am Schluß der Beschreibung angeführt.In this way, the filter operation can be adapted to the changing process conditions. The electrostatic filter system connected downstream of a converter may serve as an example. It can be seen that the dust accumulation will also differ during the various operating states of the converter system. Here it is advantageous if, depending on the respective operating point, the operating point of the electrostatic precipitator or the electrostatic precipitator system is also set in such a way that energy is not wasted unnecessarily. Further examples of this are given at the end of the description.

Mit Vorteil läßt sich das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren bei Verwendung einer Mikrocomputersteuerung einsetzen. Hierbei ist es lediglich notwendig, bei der Inbetriebnahme der Filtersteuerung die betreffenden Parameterwerte in den Halbleiterspeicher der Steuerung einzuschreiben und prozeßabhängig die einzelnen Werte zu aktivieren.The method described above can be used with advantage when using a microcomputer control. It is only necessary to write the relevant parameter values into the semiconductor memory of the control when the filter control is started up and to activate the individual values depending on the process.

Besteht die Anlage aus einer Reihe von Elektrofiltern, denen jeweils ein eigenes Mikrocomputersystem zugeordnet ist, so kann mit Vorteil die Veränderung der Parameterwerte auch von einem übergenordneten Leitrechner vorgenommen werden, der über den jeweiligen Zustand des Gesamtprozesses informiert ist und dementsprechend Optimierungsstrategien berechnen kann.If the system consists of a series of electrostatic filters, each of which is assigned its own microcomputer system, the parameter values can also be advantageously changed by a higher-level master computer, which is informed about the respective status of the overall process and can accordingly calculate optimization strategies.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels sei die Erfindung näher erläutert; es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 den Aufbau einer Elektrofiltersteuerung,
  • Figur 2 einen idealisierten Verlauf der Filterspannung aufgetragen über der Zeit,
  • Figur 3 die Ausbildung der Regeleinrichtung des Elektrofilters als Mikrocomputersystem und
  • Figur 4 eine Steuerung einer aus mehreren Elektrofiltern bestehenden Anlage mit einem übergeordneten Leitrechner.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing; show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of an electrostatic filter control,
  • FIG. 2 shows an idealized course of the filter voltage plotted over time,
  • Figure 3 shows the design of the control device of the electrostatic filter as a microcomputer system and
  • Figure 4 is a control of a system consisting of several electrostatic precipitators with a superordinate master computer.

Aus einem Wechselspannungsnetz N wird über ein Thyristorstellglied 2 und einen Hochspannungstransformator 3 der die Gleichspannung für das Elektrofilter 1 liefernde Hochspannungsgleichrichter 4 gespeist. Die Steuerspannung Ust für den Steuersatz 5 des Thyristorstellgliedes 2 wird von einem z.B. digitalen Regler 6 erzeugt, dem istwertseitig unter anderem dem Primärstrom Ip, dem Filterstrom IF und der Filterspannung U, proportionale Signale zugeführt werden. Zusätzlich wird dem Regler 6 auch ein Signal D zugeführt, das einen Durchschlag anzeigt. Eine derartige hochspannungsseitige Durchschlagserfassung ist beispielsweise in dem eingangs genannten Aufsatz aus der Siemens-Zeitschrift 1971 beschrieben.The high-voltage rectifier 4 supplying the direct voltage for the electrostatic filter 1 is fed from an alternating-voltage network N via a thyristor actuator 2 and a high-voltage transformer 3. The control voltage U st for the control rate 5 of the thyristor actuator 2 is generated by, for example, a digital controller 6, to which the signals on the actual value side are supplied, inter alia, the primary current Ip, the filter current I F and the filter voltage U. In addition, the controller 6 is also supplied with a signal D which indicates a breakdown. Such a high-voltage breakdown detection is described, for example, in the above-mentioned article from Siemens magazine 1971.

Es ist jedoch durchaus möglich, das Signal für den Durchschlag aus dem Vergleich aufeinanderfolgender Halbwellen der pulsierenden Filtergleichspannung abzuleiten.However, it is quite possible to derive the breakdown signal by comparing successive half-waves of the pulsating DC filter voltage.

Wie bereits eingangs beschrieben, wird beim Auftreten eines Durchschlages die Spannung um einen vorgegebenen Wert herabgesetzt. Dieser Wert kann als prozentualer Wert k der jeweils vorliegenden Filterspannung gewählt werden; d.h. die Filterspannungsabsenkung beträgt

Figure imgb0001
wobei k z.B. zwischen 1 und 5% schwanken kann.As already described at the beginning, when a breakdown occurs, the voltage is reduced by a predetermined value. This value can be selected as a percentage value k of the filter voltage present in each case; ie the filter voltage drop is
Figure imgb0001
 where, for example, k can fluctuate between 1 and 5%.

Eine Reihe dieser Parameterwerte k wird bei der Inbetriebnahme der Steuerung in einen dem Regler 6 zugeordneten Speicher 61 eingeschrieben:A number of these parameter values k are written into a memory 61 assigned to the controller 6 when the control is started up:

Nach der Spannungsabsenkung wird die Spannung dann erneut mit einem vorgegebenen zeitlichen Spannungsgradienten α bis zum nächsten Durchschlag erhöht. Auch hier wird eine Reihe von unterschiedlichen Gradienten in einen weiteren Speicher 62 bei der Inbetriebnahme der Steuerung hinterlegt.After the voltage drop, the voltage is then increased again with a predetermined temporal voltage gradient α until the next breakdown. Here, too, a number of different gradients are stored in a further memory 62 when the control is started up.

In gleicher Weise werden auch bei der Inbetriebnahme eine Reihe von verschiedenen Filternennstromwerten IFN in einem Speicher 63 hinterlegt.In the same way, a number of different filter nominal current values I FN are stored in a memory 63 during commissioning.

Zusätzlich zu den genannten Werten können - wie eingangs erläutert - bei der Inbetriebnahme auch noch weitere Parameterwerte,wie z.B. zulässige Unterspannung des Filters usw., angegeben und gespeichert werden.In addition to the values mentioned - as explained at the beginning - other parameter values such as e.g. permissible undervoltage of the filter etc. can be specified and saved.

Wie durch die Schalter 64 angedeutet, die über eine strichlierte Linie 65 mit einem Steuergerät 7 verbunden sind, kann nun während des Betriebes zwischen diesen einzelnen Parameterwerten umgeschaltet werden. Hierzu erhält das Steuergerät vom Prozeß abhängige Signale, wie z.B. durch Leitung 11 dargestellt. Als prozeBabhängige Signale können z.B. Meldesignale über den Betriebszustand der Gesamtanlage dienen, z.B. Blasbetrieb bei einem Konverter oder Angaben über Gasgeschwindigkeit und Gasfeuchte. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können die prozeBabhängigen Signale auch von einem im Elektrofilter 1 vorgesehenen Staubbeladungsmeßgerät 8 abgeleitet sein.As indicated by the switches 64, which are connected to a control unit 7 via a dashed line 65, it is now possible to switch between these individual parameter values during operation. For this purpose, the control unit receives signals dependent on the process, e.g. represented by line 11. Process-dependent signals can e.g. Serve signal signals about the operating state of the overall system, e.g. Blowing operation with a converter or information about gas speed and gas humidity. Additionally or alternatively, the process-dependent signals can also be derived from a dust loading measuring device 8 provided in the electrostatic filter 1.

Das Steuergerät 7 kann relativ einfach aufgebaut sein, z.B. in Form eines Decoders, es braucht nur jeweils einer bestimmten Anforderung und Meldung von Betriebszuständen auf der Leitung 11 eine entsprechende Schalterstellung der Schalter 64 zu entsprechen.The control unit 7 can be constructed in a relatively simple manner, for example in the form of a decoder, it only needs a corresponding switch in each case for a specific request and report of operating states on the line 11 position of the switch 64 to correspond.

Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, die einen idealisierten Verlauf der Filtergleichspannung darstellt, tritt zum Zeitpunkt t0 ein Filterdurchschlag D auf. Aufgrund dieses Durchschlages wird das Filter kurzzeitig gesperrt und die Filterspannung dann - gegebenenfalls nach Ablauf einer gewissen Entionisierungszeit und Wartezeit - auf einen um den Betrag 6 U verringerten neuen Wert eingestellt, wobei der Verringerungsbetrag Δ U proportional zur Filterspannung ist, d.h. Δ U = k UF.As can be seen from FIG. 2, which represents an idealized course of the DC filter voltage, a filter breakdown D occurs at time t 0 . As a result of this breakdown, the filter is temporarily blocked and the filter voltage is then set to a new value reduced by 6 U, if necessary after a certain deionization time and waiting time, the reduction amount Δ U being proportional to the filter voltage, ie Δ U = k U F.

Von diesem Spannungswert aus wird dann - gegebenenfalls nach Ablauf einer gewissen Wartezeit - die Spannung mit dem vorgegebenen Gradienten bis zum erneuten Durchschlag D im Zeitpunkt t1 gesteigert, worauf sich dann das Spiel von neuem wiederholt.From this voltage value, the voltage is then increased, if necessary after a certain waiting time, until the breakdown D occurs again at time t 1 , whereupon the game is repeated again.

Figur 3 zeigt den Aufbau des digitalen Reglers 6 als Mikrocomputersystem 9. Wie ersichtlich, besteht das Mikrocomputersystem im wesentlichen aus zwei Mikroprozessoren 91 und 92, von denen der Mikroprozessor 91 zur eigentlichen Regelung dient und der Mikroprozessor 92, der als Slaveprozessor arbeitet, die Meßwertaufbereitung und Durchschlagserfassung vornimmt. An den Bus 96, an den die beiden Mikroprozessoren 91 und 92 angeschlossen sind, ist auch noch eine Ein-/Ausgabe 95 angeschlossen, über der das Mikrocomputersystem die Meßwerte von der Elektrofilteranlage hereinnimmt und die Steuerspannung Uan das Stellglied 5 ausgibt. An den gleichen Bus 96 ist ferner noch ein Halbleiterspeicher 93 für das Systemprogramm und die Daten angeschlossen. Über einen ebenfalls vorgesehenen Koppelbaustein 94 - ist, wie durch die Leitung 99 angedeutet - eine Kommunikation mit einem übergeordneten Leitrechner möglich.Figure 3 shows the structure of the digital controller 6 as a microcomputer system 9. As can be seen, the microcomputer system consists essentially of two microprocessors 91 and 92, of which the microprocessor 91 is used for the actual control and the microprocessor 92, which works as a slave processor, the measured value processing and Puncture detection. An input / output 95 is also connected to the bus 96, to which the two microprocessors 91 and 92 are connected, via which the microcomputer system takes the measured values from the electrostatic precipitator system and outputs the control voltage Uan to the actuator 5. A semiconductor memory 93 for the system program and the data is also connected to the same bus 96. Communication with a higher-level master computer is possible via a coupling module 94, which is also provided, as indicated by line 99.

Bei der Inbetriebnahme werden in das für alle Filteranlagen gleichartig aufgebaute Mikrocomputersystem über ein Einspeisegerät 97 die einzelnen Parameterwerte mit Hilfe eines Programmiergerätes 98 eingegeben. Auf diese Weise kann die an sich gleiche Steuerung individuell an die unterschiedlichen Filter und Filterzonen angepaßt werden.During commissioning, the microcomputer system is constructed in the same way for all filter systems a supply device 97 entered the individual parameter values with the aid of a programming device 98. In this way, the same control can be individually adapted to the different filters and filter zones.

Bei der in Figur 4 gezeigten Anordnung einer Elektrofilteranlage, die aus den Elektrofiltern I bis III besteht, durchströmt das zu reinigende Gas 12 die einzelnen Filter nacheinander in Richtung des Pfeiles. Das einzelne Filter, z.B. I umfaßt dabei die in Figur 1 mit 1 bis 5 bezeichneten Bauteile. Jedem der Elektrofilter I-III ist ein zur Regelung dienendes Mikrocomputersystem 9 zugeordnet, das über einen Bus 99 mit einem übergeordneten Leitrechner 10 kommuniziert. Mit diesem Leitrechner können dann Optimierungsstrategien errechnet werden und abhängig von der durch ein Meßgerät 8 erfaßten Staubbeladung und/oder den über Leitung 11 angelieferten Betriebszuständen der Anlage diejenigen Parameterwerte in den Steuerungen 9 aktiviert werden, die einen optimalen Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Anlage ergeben; z.B. ist es denkbar, daß in der Zeit eines niedrigen Staubanfalles die Filter 1 und 2 in ihrer Leistung herabgefahren werden und nur noch das Filter 3 mit voller Leistung betrieben wird.In the arrangement of an electrostatic filter system shown in FIG. 4, which consists of the electrostatic filters I to III, the gas 12 to be cleaned flows through the individual filters one after the other in the direction of the arrow. The single filter, e.g. I comprises the components designated 1 to 5 in FIG. 1. Each of the electrostatic filters I-III is assigned a control microcomputer system 9, which communicates with a higher-level control computer 10 via a bus 99. With this master computer, optimization strategies can then be calculated and, depending on the dust loading detected by a measuring device 8 and / or the operating states of the system supplied via line 11, those parameter values are activated in the controls 9 which result in an optimal overall efficiency of the system; e.g. it is conceivable that the filters 1 and 2 are reduced in their output in the time of a low dust accumulation and only the filter 3 is operated at full output.

Als prozeßabhängige Signale können z.B. Meldungen über Bandstillstand bei einer Sinteranlage dienen oder bei einem Zementwerk Meldungen über eine Temperaturänderung im Drehofen, über das Zuschalten oder den Stillstand der Zementmühle oder dergleichen mehr.Process-dependent signals can e.g. Messages about belt standstill serve in a sintering plant or in a cement plant messages about a temperature change in the rotary kiln, about switching on or the shutdown of the cement mill or the like.

Als Prozeßsignale können ferner verwendet werden: Temperatur, Staubfraktion, Gaszusammensetzung (C0, H2 usw.), Rohgasstaubmenge, Reingasstaubgehalt, Druck, Gasgeschwindigkeit, Staubwiderstand und Gasfeuchtigkeit; bei einem Kraftwerk: Lastzustand, Laständerungsgradient, Art der verfeuerten Kohle (Schwefelgehalt) und bei einer Müllverbrennung: Art des zu verbrennenden Mülls (Zusammensetzung), Art der zusätzlichen Feuerung (Öl, Erdgas, Kohle).The following can also be used as process signals: temperature, dust fraction, gas composition (C0, H 2 etc.), raw gas dust quantity, clean gas dust content, pressure, gas velocity, dust resistance and gas humidity; in a power plant: load condition, load change gradient, Type of coal burned (sulfur content) and in the case of waste incineration: type of waste to be burned (composition), type of additional combustion (oil, natural gas, coal).

Als durch Parameter beeinflußte Größen kommen u.a. in Betracht: Filterstrom, Filterspannung, erlaubte Unterspannungsgrenze, erlaubte Durchschlagsanzahl, Gradient der Abtastung, Höhe der Filterspannungsabsenkung während der Klopfmaßnahmen, Aufnahme der Filtercharakteristik erlaubt (ja/nein), Pausenzeit der Klopfung, Laufzeit der Klopfung, Häufigkeit der Klopfmaßnahmen, Zugabemenge von Konditionierungsadditivs (z.B. 503, H20), Art der Reaktion auf einen Durchschlag (z.B. Länge der Entionisierungszeit, Hochlaufzeit, Spannungsabsenkung), zeitliche Länge der Suchperioden (für Optimierungsstrategien) und zeitliche Länge der Konstanthaltung der Filterspannung (bis Durchschlagsgrenze erneut abgetastet wird).The parameters affected by parameters include: filter current, filter voltage, permitted undervoltage limit, permitted number of breakdowns, gradient of the scan, level of filter voltage reduction during the knocking measures, recording of the filter characteristics allowed (yes / no), pause time of the knocking, duration of the knocking, frequency knocking measures, addition of conditioning additives (e.g. 50 3 , H 2 0), type of reaction to a breakdown (e.g. length of deionization time, ramp-up time, voltage reduction), time length of the search periods (for optimization strategies) and time length of keeping the filter voltage constant (to Breakthrough limit is sampled again).

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zum Regeln der Spannung eines in einer Anlage eingesetzten Elektrofilters, bei dem beim Durchschlag die Filterspannung um einen vorgegebenen Wert abgesenkt wird und anschließend mit einem vorgegebenen zeitlichen Spannungsgradienten bis zum erneuten Durchschlag gesteigert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Inbetriebnahme des Filters eine Reihe von zur Regelung dienenden Parameterwerten gespeichert wird und daß die jeweils während des Filterbetriebs wirksamen Parameterwerte vom Prozeßzustand der Anlage abhängig sind.1. A method for regulating the voltage of an electrostatic filter used in a system, in which the filter voltage is reduced by a predetermined value during breakdown and then increased with a predetermined time voltage gradient until the breakdown occurs again, characterized in that when the filter is started up a A series of parameter values used for control is stored and that the parameter values that are effective during filter operation are dependent on the process state of the system. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Parameterwerte Spannungsabsenkungsfaktoren, Spannungsgradienten, Nennströme, zulässige Unterspannungen und Klopfungshäufigkeiten bei der Inbetriebnahme gespeichert und prozeBabhängig aktiviert werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that voltage reduction factors, voltage gradients, nominal currents, permissible undervoltage and frequency of knocking are stored as parameter values during commissioning and are activated depending on the process. 3. Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 unter Verwendung eines als Regler dienenden Mikrocomputersystems, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Parameterwerte bei der Inbetriebnahme mittels eines Programmiergerätes in einen Halbleiterspeicher des Mikrocomputersystems einlesbar sind und durch unmittelbar vom Prozeß stammende Befehle aktiviert sind.3. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 using a microcomputer system serving as a controller, characterized in that the parameter values can be read into a semiconductor memory of the microcomputer system during commissioning by means of a programming device and are activated by commands originating directly from the process. 4. Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 für eine Vielzahl von Elektrofiltern, denen jeweils ein Mikrocomputersystem zur Regelung der Filterspannung zugeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, , daß die Parameterwerte der einzelnen Mikrocomputersysteme durch Befehle eines allen Mikrocomputersystemen überlagerten Leitrechners wirksam gemacht werden.4. A device for performing the method according to claim 1 for a plurality of electrostatic filters, each of which is assigned a microcomputer system for regulating the filter voltage, characterized in that the parameter values of the individual microcomputer systems are made effective by commands from a master computer superimposed on all microcomputer systems.
EP81103149A 1980-05-08 1981-04-27 Method of regulating the voltage of an electrical precipitator in a plant Expired EP0039817B1 (en)

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AT81103149T ATE8849T1 (en) 1980-05-08 1981-04-27 PROCEDURE FOR ADJUSTING THE VOLTAGE OF AN ELECTRIC FILTER USED IN A PLANT.

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DE3017685 1980-05-08
DE19803017685 DE3017685A1 (en) 1980-05-08 1980-05-08 METHOD FOR REGULATING THE VOLTAGE OF AN ELECTROFILTER USED IN A PLANT

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EP (1) EP0039817B1 (en)
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EP0186338A2 (en) * 1984-12-12 1986-07-02 F.L. Smidth & Co. A/S Method of controlling the pulse frequency of a pulse operated electrostatic precipitator
DE4142501C1 (en) * 1991-12-21 1992-12-10 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
WO1997035666A1 (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-02 ABB Fläkt Aktiebolag Method for controlling an electrostatic precipitator
AT406345B (en) * 1992-07-04 2000-04-25 Rothemuehle Brandt Kritzler METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROFILTER AND ELECTROFILTER FOR PRACTICING THE METHOD
EP2873464A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-20 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Filtration of an exhaust gas containing solid particles from a metallurgical plant

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DE3241060A1 (en) * 1982-11-06 1984-05-10 Buckau-Walther AG, 4048 Grevenbroich ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTROSTATIC WORKING DUST SEPARATOR
DE3326041A1 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-02-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München CONTROL DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRIC FILTER
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DK552186A (en) * 1986-11-19 1988-05-20 Smidth & Co As F L METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING RETURN RADIATION IN AN ELECTROFILTER WITH GENERAL OR INTERMITTING POWER SUPPLY
DK171319B1 (en) * 1987-08-06 1996-09-02 Smidth & Co As F L Procedure for controlling a rotary kiln during startup
US4811197A (en) * 1987-09-02 1989-03-07 Environmental Elements Corp. Electrostatic dust collector system
ES2075201T3 (en) * 1990-04-04 1995-10-01 Siemens Ag PROCEDURE FOR THE REGULATION OF THE INSTALLATION OF CURRENT SUPPLY OF AN ELECTROFILTER.
US5378978A (en) * 1993-04-02 1995-01-03 Belco Technologies Corp. System for controlling an electrostatic precipitator using digital signal processing
DE10050188C1 (en) * 2000-10-09 2002-01-24 Siemens Ag Electrofilter operating method uses filter model divided into zones assigned characteristic values used for regulating energy feed for ensuring operation within particle emission limits
DE10214185A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-16 Siemens Ag PC arrangement for visualization, diagnostic and expert systems for monitoring and control or regulation of high-voltage supply units of electrostatic filters
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EP0071592A2 (en) * 1981-07-28 1983-02-09 Fläkt Aktiebolag Control device for an electrostatic dust separator
EP0071592A3 (en) * 1981-07-28 1984-04-18 Flakt Aktiebolag Control device for an electrostatic dust separator
EP0186338A2 (en) * 1984-12-12 1986-07-02 F.L. Smidth & Co. A/S Method of controlling the pulse frequency of a pulse operated electrostatic precipitator
EP0186338A3 (en) * 1984-12-12 1987-06-03 F.L. Smidth & Co. A/S Method of controlling the pulse frequency of a pulse operated electrostatic precipitator
DE4142501C1 (en) * 1991-12-21 1992-12-10 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
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EP2873464A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-20 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Filtration of an exhaust gas containing solid particles from a metallurgical plant
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CN105992651A (en) * 2013-11-13 2016-10-05 首要金属科技奥地利有限责任公司 Filtering of an exhaust gas of a metallurgical plant, which exhaust gas comprises solid particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA813032B (en) 1982-05-26
US4432061A (en) 1984-02-14
EP0039817B1 (en) 1984-08-08
ATE8849T1 (en) 1984-08-15
AU534688B2 (en) 1984-02-09
DE3165352D1 (en) 1984-09-13
AU7024481A (en) 1981-11-12
DE3017685A1 (en) 1981-11-12
JPS574245A (en) 1982-01-09

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