EP0033480B1 - Insulating prefabricated element for building constructions - Google Patents

Insulating prefabricated element for building constructions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033480B1
EP0033480B1 EP81100443A EP81100443A EP0033480B1 EP 0033480 B1 EP0033480 B1 EP 0033480B1 EP 81100443 A EP81100443 A EP 81100443A EP 81100443 A EP81100443 A EP 81100443A EP 0033480 B1 EP0033480 B1 EP 0033480B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
prefabricated building
thickness
outer shell
building element
plaster
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81100443A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0033480A2 (en
EP0033480A3 (en
Inventor
Gerda geb. Möller Müller
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19808002725U external-priority patent/DE8002725U1/en
Priority claimed from DE19803024774 external-priority patent/DE3024774A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81100443T priority Critical patent/ATE10295T1/en
Publication of EP0033480A2 publication Critical patent/EP0033480A2/en
Publication of EP0033480A3 publication Critical patent/EP0033480A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033480B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033480B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
    • E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
    • E06B1/34—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
    • E06B1/342—Reveal covering members disposed alongside of a window frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
    • E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
    • E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
    • E04F2013/063—Edge-protecting borders for corners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing heat loss from the interior of buildings through the cold bridge of the frame spread on the reveal and lintels of the window and door openings and a prefabricated component suitable for carrying out the method.
  • cement mortar is practically exclusively used as the material for frame framing, because only this mortar is sufficiently high among the materials in question Has firmness.
  • the cement mortar has a significantly higher coefficient of thermal conductivity or, which means the same, significantly poorer thermal insulation properties than the building materials of the outer walls such as bricks, prefabricated building boards and the like.
  • the frame spreader forms a cold bridge, which at low outside temperatures inside the building causes a cold radiation, which is not only perceived as unpleasant and causes an undesirable increase in heating costs, but also often leads to the formation of ugly mold stains through moisture condensation.
  • GB-A-1 396 881 An attached to building openings such as window and door openings, containing plasterboard and approximately L-shaped structure, but which is used only for visual reasons to hide the masonry and is neither intended nor suitable for thermal insulation purposes, is by GB-A-1 396 881 known.
  • This structure is also not ready to be obtained from the manufacturer and can only be attached, e.g. prefabricated component to be glued, but is assembled on the spot from separate, separately attached to different parts of the building.
  • US-A-1 393 792 describes a rectangular border composed of four metal sheets for the inside of window openings as protection for the corners and edges of the wall opening and as a storm-proof and insect-proof covering. It is neither intended for thermal insulation purposes nor, since it consists entirely of metal, the least suitable. Accordingly, a connection with rigid foam panels or other heat-insulating material is not provided.
  • DE-A-2 124 781 should also be mentioned, which describes a plastic covering strip with an L-like cross section intended for covering the reveal on the outside of the building. Filling the cavity with a rigid foam plate that closes it flat is neither provided nor would it make sense for the intended purpose. It would also not be possible without further ado because a simple right-angled hard foam plate could not be accommodated in the only approximately L-shaped interior of the trim strip, which had a wide variety of projections and shafts, without prior appropriate shaping.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the heat loss through the frame spread in a simple and time-saving manner.
  • the method according to the invention consists of attaching, preferably gluing, finished components to the inner wall instead of the interior wall plaster on the inside wall plaster, which consist of an L-shaped outer shell made of plasterboard and a shell which is firmly connected to this shell and fills the cavity of the L and closes it flat Rigid foam board exist.
  • a prefabricated component according to the invention is a rectangular flat plate that can be handled and glued on like a tile and essentially consists of an L-shaped outer shell made of plasterboard and a rigid foam plate that firmly connects to it and fills the cavity of the L and closes it flat. Since the outer surface of this prefabricated component has the appearance and properties of good interior wall plastering and, if desired, can also be provided by the manufacturer with any additional finish, the use of the method according to the invention, in particular for the construction of new buildings, eliminates the labor-intensive necessity of attachment an interior wall plastering, paneling or the like.
  • Fig. 1 is a horizontal section through a window or door in a conventional single-shell construction
  • Fig. 2 is a corresponding horizontal section through a window or door in a conventional double-shell construction.
  • Fig. 1 is the facing
  • 2 the inner
  • 3 is the door or window frame
  • 4 is a mortar joint
  • 5 is the frame spread
  • 6 is a profile strip, which is often provided for sealing against the atmosphere and is embedded in permanently elastic putty
  • 7 and 8 is the interior plaster.
  • Fig. 2 11 is the outer shell
  • 12 the inner shell of the masonry
  • 13 is the door or window frame
  • 14 and 15 the required frame sealing
  • 6 the same profile strip as in Fig. 1 and 17 and 18 the inner wall plaster.
  • frame framing Since all known materials that can be used for frame framing are much better heat conductors than bricks or other usual building materials for the walls, frame framing always forms a «cold bridge», creeps along the cold into the interior of the building and then, above all, from the interior wall plaster 8 or 18 covered inner wall surface in the interior «shines».
  • This inflow of cold along the frame frame 5 or 14, 15 can be significantly reduced by the prefabricated insulating component according to the invention. This component is shown in FIG. 3 on its own and in FIGS. 4 and 5 after its installation in the window or door opening.
  • This component which according to the invention is preferably attached to the inner wall instead of the inner wall plaster 8 or 18 and preferably glued on, essentially consists of an L-shaped outer shell 19, 20 of suitable thickness made of plasterboard such as plasterboard and one firmly connected to this shell , preferably glued, filling the cavity of the L and sealing it flush with the rigid foam plate 21.
  • the prefabricated components according to the invention can simply be glued to the inner wall and thus replace the internal plaster 8 or 18, which has the additional advantage of not inconsiderable labor cost savings.
  • the overall thickness D which can be achieved within certain limits both by reducing the wall thickness a of the plasterboard panels 20 and by using thinner rigid foam panels 21.
  • the prefabricated components according to the invention can also be installed on the lintel surfaces of the window and door openings in the same manner and with the same advantageous effects as described above for installation on reveal surfaces.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verminderung des Wärmeverlustes aus dem Inneren von Bauwerken durch die Kältebrücke des Zargenverstrichs an den Leibungen und Stürzen der Fenster- und Türöffnungen sowie ein für die Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignetes Fertigbauteil.The invention relates to a method for reducing heat loss from the interior of buildings through the cold bridge of the frame spread on the reveal and lintels of the window and door openings and a prefabricated component suitable for carrying out the method.

Da der Zargenverstrich nicht nur die Aufgabe hat, die Zarge abzudichten, sondern auch das Fenster bzw. die Türe fest mit dem Mauerwerk zu verbinden, wird als Material für den Zargenverstrich praktisch ausschliesslich Zementmörtel verwendet, weil nur dieser unter den in Betracht kommenden Materialien genügend hohe Festigkeit hat. Dabei muss allerdings in Kauf genommen werden, dass der Zementmörtel einen erheblich grösseren Wärmeleitungskoeffizienten oder, was dasselbe bedeutet, wesentlich schlechtere Wärmedämmungseigenschaften hat als die Baumaterialien der Aussenwände wie Ziegel, Fertigbauplatten u.dgl.Since frame framing not only has the task of sealing the frame, but also firmly connecting the window or door to the masonry, cement mortar is practically exclusively used as the material for frame framing, because only this mortar is sufficiently high among the materials in question Has firmness. However, it must be accepted that the cement mortar has a significantly higher coefficient of thermal conductivity or, which means the same, significantly poorer thermal insulation properties than the building materials of the outer walls such as bricks, prefabricated building boards and the like.

Daher bildet der Zargenverstrich eine Kältebrücke, die bei niedrigen Aussentemperaturen im Inneren des Gebäudes eine Kälteausstrahlung hervorruft, welche nicht nur als solche unangenehm empfunden wird und eine unerwünschte Erhöhung der Heizungskosten verursacht, sondern auch nicht selten durch Feuchtigkeitskondensation die Bildung hässlicher Stockflecken bewirkt. Der bekannt gewordene Vorschlag, die Fenster und Türen einzuschäumen, also den konventionellen Zargenverstrich aus Zementmörtel durch Kunststoffschaum zu ersetzen, hat sich wegen unzureichender Festigkeit des Kunststoffschaums nicht bewährt.Therefore, the frame spreader forms a cold bridge, which at low outside temperatures inside the building causes a cold radiation, which is not only perceived as unpleasant and causes an undesirable increase in heating costs, but also often leads to the formation of ugly mold stains through moisture condensation. The known proposal to foam the windows and doors, that is, to replace the conventional frame mortar made of cement mortar with plastic foam, has not proven itself due to the insufficient strength of the plastic foam.

Ein an Gebäudeöffnungen wie Fenster- und Türöffnungen angebrachtes, Gipskarton enthaltendes und etwa L-förmiges Gebilde, das aber nur aus optischen Gründen zum Verbergen des Mauerwerks dient und für Zwecke der Wärmedämmung weder bestimmt noch geeignet ist, ist durch die GB-A-1 396 881 bekannt. Dieses Gebilde ist auch kein vom Hersteller fertig beziehbares und nur anzubringendes, z.B. anzuklebendes Fertigbauteil, sondern wird erst an Ort und Stelle aus separaten, an verschiedenen Gebäudeteilen gesondert befestigten Einzelteilen zusammengesetzt.An attached to building openings such as window and door openings, containing plasterboard and approximately L-shaped structure, but which is used only for visual reasons to hide the masonry and is neither intended nor suitable for thermal insulation purposes, is by GB-A-1 396 881 known. This structure is also not ready to be obtained from the manufacturer and can only be attached, e.g. prefabricated component to be glued, but is assembled on the spot from separate, separately attached to different parts of the building.

Ferner ist in der US-A-1 393 792 eine aus vier Metallblechen zusammengesetzte rechteckige Einfassung für die Innenseite von Fensteröffnungen als Schutz für die Ecken und Kanten der Maueröffnung sowie als sturmdichte und insektenfeste Bedeckung beschrieben. Für Zwecke der Wärmedämmung ist sie weder bestimmt noch, da sie ausschliesslich aus Metall besteht, im geringsten geeignet. Dementsprechend ist auch eine Verbindung mit Hartschaumplatten oder anderem wärmedämmenden Material nicht vorgesehen.Furthermore, US-A-1 393 792 describes a rectangular border composed of four metal sheets for the inside of window openings as protection for the corners and edges of the wall opening and as a storm-proof and insect-proof covering. It is neither intended for thermal insulation purposes nor, since it consists entirely of metal, the least suitable. Accordingly, a connection with rigid foam panels or other heat-insulating material is not provided.

Schliesslich wäre noch die DE-A-2 124 781 zu erwähnen, die einen für die Abdeckung der Leibungen an der Aussenseite des Gebäudes bestimmten Verkleidungsstreifen aus Kunststoff mit L-ähnlichem Querschnitt beschreibt. Eine Ausfüllung des Hohlraumes mit einer ihn plan abschliessenden Hartschaumplatte ist weder vorgesehen noch wäre sie für den bestimmungsgemässen Zweck sinnvoll. Sie wäre auch nicht ohne weiteres möglich, weil eine einfache rechtwinkelige Hartschaumplatte in den die verschiedensten Vorsprünge und Wellen aufweisenden, nur etwa L-förmigen Innenraum des Verkleidungsstreifens nicht ohne vorherige entsprechende Formgebung untergebracht werden könnte.Finally, DE-A-2 124 781 should also be mentioned, which describes a plastic covering strip with an L-like cross section intended for covering the reveal on the outside of the building. Filling the cavity with a rigid foam plate that closes it flat is neither provided nor would it make sense for the intended purpose. It would also not be possible without further ado because a simple right-angled hard foam plate could not be accommodated in the only approximately L-shaped interior of the trim strip, which had a wide variety of projections and shafts, without prior appropriate shaping.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, auf einfache und zeitsparende Weise den Wärmeverlust durch den Zargenverstrich zu vermeiden.The object of the invention is to avoid the heat loss through the frame spread in a simple and time-saving manner.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren besteht darin, dass entlang des Zargenverstriches an Stelle des Innenwandverputzes an die Innenwand Fertigbauteile angebracht, vorzugsweise angeklebt werden, die aus einer L-förmigen Aussenschale aus Gipskarton und einer mit dieser Schale fest verbundenen, den Hohlraum des L ausfüllenden und ihn plan abschliessenden Hartschaumplatte bestehen.The method according to the invention consists of attaching, preferably gluing, finished components to the inner wall instead of the interior wall plaster on the inside wall plaster, which consist of an L-shaped outer shell made of plasterboard and a shell which is firmly connected to this shell and fills the cavity of the L and closes it flat Rigid foam board exist.

Ein erfindungsgemässes Fertigbauteil stellt eine rechteckige flache Platte dar, die ähnlich wie eine Kachel gehandhabt und aufgeklebt werden kann und besteht im Wesentlichen aus einer L-förmigen Aussenschale aus Gipskarton und einer mit dieser fest verbundenen, den Hohlraum des L ausfüllenden und ihn plan abschliessenden Hartschaumplatte. Da die Aussenfläche dieses Fertigbauteiles das Aussehen und die Eigenschaften eines guten Innenwandverputzes hat und ausserdem, wenn gewünscht, schon vom Hersteller mit einem beliebigen zusätzlichen Finish versehen werden kann, entfällt bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens vor allem auf die Erstellung von Neubauten die lohnkostenaufwendige Notwendigkeit der Anbringung eines Innenwandverputzes, einer Vertäfelung o.dgl.A prefabricated component according to the invention is a rectangular flat plate that can be handled and glued on like a tile and essentially consists of an L-shaped outer shell made of plasterboard and a rigid foam plate that firmly connects to it and fills the cavity of the L and closes it flat. Since the outer surface of this prefabricated component has the appearance and properties of good interior wall plastering and, if desired, can also be provided by the manufacturer with any additional finish, the use of the method according to the invention, in particular for the construction of new buildings, eliminates the labor-intensive necessity of attachment an interior wall plastering, paneling or the like.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an Hand der Figuren beispielsweise näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures, for example.

Fig. 1 ist ein Horizontalschnitt durch ein Fenster bzw. eine Tür in konventioneller einschaliger Bauweise und Fig. 2 ein entsprechender Horizontalschnitt durch ein Fenster bzw. eine Tür in konventioneller zweischaliger Bauweise.Fig. 1 is a horizontal section through a window or door in a conventional single-shell construction and Fig. 2 is a corresponding horizontal section through a window or door in a conventional double-shell construction.

In Fig. 1 ist 1 das Verblendwerk, 2 das innere, z. B. KSL-Mauerwerk, 3 ist die Tür- oder Fensterzarge und 4 eine Mörtelfuge. 5 ist der Zargenverstrich, 6 eine häufig zur Abdichtung gegen die Atmosphäre vorgesehene in dauerelastischem Kitt eingebettete Profilleiste und 7 und 8 der Innenverputz.In Fig. 1, 1 is the facing, 2 the inner, z. B. KSL masonry, 3 is the door or window frame and 4 is a mortar joint. 5 is the frame spread, 6 is a profile strip, which is often provided for sealing against the atmosphere and is embedded in permanently elastic putty, and 7 and 8 is the interior plaster.

In Fig. 2 ist 11 die Aussenschale, 12 die innere Schale des Mauerwerkes, 13 ist die Tür- oder Fensterzarge, 14 und 15 der zur Abdichtung erforderliche Zargenverstrich, 6 die gleiche Profilleiste wie in Fig. 1 und 17 und 18 der innere Wandverputz.In Fig. 2 11 is the outer shell, 12 the inner shell of the masonry, 13 is the door or window frame, 14 and 15 the required frame sealing, 6 the same profile strip as in Fig. 1 and 17 and 18 the inner wall plaster.

Da alle bekannten für den Zargenverstrich verwendbaren Materialien wesentlich bessere Wärmeleiter sind als Ziegel oder sonst übliche Baumaterialien für die Mauern, bildet der Zargenverstrich stets eine «Kältebrücke», längs der Kälte in das Innere des Bauwerkes kriecht und dann vor allem von der vom Innenwandverputz 8 bzw. 18 bedeckten Innenwandfläche in den Innenraum «strahlt». Diese Kälteeinströmung entlang des Zargenverstriches 5 bzw. 14, 15 kann durch den erfindungsgemässen Isolier-Fertigbauteil erheblich vermindert werden. Dieser Bauteil ist in Fig. 3 für sich allein und in den Fig. 4 und 5 nach seinem Einbau in der Fenster- bzw. Türöffnung dargestellt.Since all known materials that can be used for frame framing are much better heat conductors than bricks or other usual building materials for the walls, frame framing always forms a «cold bridge», creeps along the cold into the interior of the building and then, above all, from the interior wall plaster 8 or 18 covered inner wall surface in the interior «shines». This inflow of cold along the frame frame 5 or 14, 15 can be significantly reduced by the prefabricated insulating component according to the invention. This component is shown in FIG. 3 on its own and in FIGS. 4 and 5 after its installation in the window or door opening.

Dieses Bauteil, das erfindungsgemäss vorzugsweise an Stelle des inneren Wandverputzes 8 bzw. 18 an die Innenwand angebracht und zwar vorzugsweise angeklebt wird, besteht im Wesentlichen aus einer L-förmigen Aussenschale 19, 20 geeigneter Stärke aus Gipskarton wie Rigips und einer mit dieser Schale fest verbundenen, vorzugsweise verklebten, den Hohlraum des L ausfüllenden und ihn plan abschliessenden Hartschaumplatte 21. Die aus zwei rechtwinklig miteinander verbundenen Gipskartonplatten 19, 20 bestehende Aussenschale ist zweckmässig aus Platten der handelsüblichen Stärke von a = 12 mm gefertigt.This component, which according to the invention is preferably attached to the inner wall instead of the inner wall plaster 8 or 18 and preferably glued on, essentially consists of an L-shaped outer shell 19, 20 of suitable thickness made of plasterboard such as plasterboard and one firmly connected to this shell , preferably glued, filling the cavity of the L and sealing it flush with the rigid foam plate 21. The outer shell consisting of two plasterboard plates 19, 20 which are connected at right angles to one another is expediently made from plates with a standard thickness of a = 12 mm.

Die Gesamtdicke L des erfindungsgemässen Fertigbauteiles soll im Idealfall etwa 42 mm betragen, entsprechend einer Dicke der Hartschaumplatte von d = 30 mm. Diese Abmessungen verbinden wirtschaftlichste Herstellungskosten mit optimaler Wärmedämmung, Feuersicherheit und Transportfestigkeit mit einer Gesamtdicke D, die klein genug ist um weder beim Einbau noch beim Transport der Bauteile störend zu wirken und sind besonders geeignet für den Einbau in Neubauten, bei denen weder auf bereits vorhandenen Innenputz noch auf Verriegelungen o. dgl. Rücksicht genommen zu werden braucht. In diesem Falle können die erfindungsgemässen Fertigbauteile einfach an die Innenwand geklebt werden und damit den Innenverputz 8 bzw. 18 ersetzen, was den zusätzlichen Vorteil einer nicht unbeträchtlichen Lohnkostenersparnis mit sich bringt.The total thickness L of the prefabricated component according to the invention should ideally be approximately 42 mm, corresponding to a thickness of the rigid foam plate of d = 30 mm. These dimensions combine the most economical production costs with optimal thermal insulation, fire safety and transport resistance with a total thickness D that is small enough to not interfere with the installation or transport of the components and are particularly suitable for installation in new buildings where there is neither existing plaster still needs to be taken into account locks or the like. In this case, the prefabricated components according to the invention can simply be glued to the inner wall and thus replace the internal plaster 8 or 18, which has the additional advantage of not inconsiderable labor cost savings.

Für den nachträglichen Einbau in bereits bestehende Gebäude kann es unter Umständen notwendig oder zweckmässig sein, die Gesamtdicke D zu reduzieren, was in gewissen Grenzen sowohl durch Verringerung der Wandungsstärke a der Gipskartonplatten 20, wie auch durch Verwendung dünnerer Hartschaumplatten 21 erzielt werden kann.For the subsequent installation in already existing buildings, it may be necessary or expedient to reduce the overall thickness D, which can be achieved within certain limits both by reducing the wall thickness a of the plasterboard panels 20 and by using thinner rigid foam panels 21.

Die erfindungsgemässen Fertigbauteile können in gleicher Weise und mit den gleichen vorteilhaften Wirkungen wie voranstehend für den Einbau an Leibungsflächen geschildert, auch an den Stürzflächen der Fenster- und Türöffnungen eingebaut werden.The prefabricated components according to the invention can also be installed on the lintel surfaces of the window and door openings in the same manner and with the same advantageous effects as described above for installation on reveal surfaces.

Claims (5)

1. Process for diminishing the heat loss by the heat conduction of the joint flushings (5, 15) on the soffits and lintels of window- and door openings of buildings, characterized in that along the joint flushing (5, 15) prefabricated building elements are attached, preferably glued onto the inner wall instead of the inner wall plaster (8, 18), said prefabricated building elements consisting of an L-shaped outer shell (19, 20) of plaster board fastened to a hard foam slab (21) filling up flush to hollow space of the L.
2. Prefabricated building element for carrying out the process of claim 1, characterized in that it consists of an L-shaped outer shell formed by two slabs (19, 20) of plaster board such as Rigips joined together at a right angle and a hard foam slab (21) filling up flush the hollow space of the L.
3. Prefabricated building element according to claim 2, characterized in that its thickness is about 42 mm.
4. Prefabricated building element according to the claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the thickness a of the outer shell (18, 20) is a = 12 mm.
5. Prefabricated building element according to the claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the hard foam slab is about 30 mm.
EP81100443A 1980-02-02 1981-01-22 Insulating prefabricated element for building constructions Expired EP0033480B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100443T ATE10295T1 (en) 1980-02-02 1981-01-22 INSULATION PRECAST PART FOR BUILDINGS.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8002725U 1980-02-02
DE19808002725U DE8002725U1 (en) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 INSULATED FINISHED PART FOR CONSTRUCTION
DE3024774 1980-06-30
DE19803024774 DE3024774A1 (en) 1980-06-30 1980-06-30 Thermal insulation strips for door and window frames - prevent heat loss through caulking strips

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033480A2 EP0033480A2 (en) 1981-08-12
EP0033480A3 EP0033480A3 (en) 1981-11-04
EP0033480B1 true EP0033480B1 (en) 1984-11-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81100443A Expired EP0033480B1 (en) 1980-02-02 1981-01-22 Insulating prefabricated element for building constructions

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EP (1) EP0033480B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3167126D1 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118525A (en) * 1977-03-25 1978-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Article and method for fabric softening and static control

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1393792A (en) * 1921-02-18 1921-10-18 Knapp Brothers Mfg Company Metal facing for inside of window-openings
DE1182410B (en) * 1959-06-24 1964-11-26 Skanska Aettikfabriken Ab Cover for the edges of cladding panels with profile strips
FR2049808A5 (en) * 1970-06-02 1971-03-26 Bocquillon Paulin Wall covering of expanded sheet with inte- - gral decorated surface
GB1396881A (en) * 1971-04-14 1975-06-11 Holt J P Finishing of openings in building structures
DE2124781A1 (en) * 1971-05-19 1972-12-07 Kroll, Manfred W., 8034 Unterpfaffenhofen Coverings for soffits of windows and doors
DE2820757C3 (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-03-12 Delf 2000 Hamburg Neugebauer Method for retrofitting an inner pane of glass on an existing outer pane of a building facade

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118525A (en) * 1977-03-25 1978-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Article and method for fabric softening and static control

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Publication number Publication date
EP0033480A2 (en) 1981-08-12
DE3167126D1 (en) 1984-12-20
EP0033480A3 (en) 1981-11-04

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