EP0020102A1 - Improvements in methods of manufacturing building products from moulding compositions - Google Patents
Improvements in methods of manufacturing building products from moulding compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0020102A1 EP0020102A1 EP80301710A EP80301710A EP0020102A1 EP 0020102 A1 EP0020102 A1 EP 0020102A1 EP 80301710 A EP80301710 A EP 80301710A EP 80301710 A EP80301710 A EP 80301710A EP 0020102 A1 EP0020102 A1 EP 0020102A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- weight
- resin
- mixture
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/122—Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
Definitions
- This invention relates to moulding compositions and especially dough moulding compositions containing phenolic resins.
- Polyester resins for example, have proven to be readily acceptable for;use as constituents in moulding compositions partly because of their cost and ease of processing vis-a-vis that of phenolic resins.
- polyester resins which normally burn quite readily, must have fire retardants admixed thereto.
- Such retardants whilst reducing the fire hazard add disproportionately to the overall cost of an article manufacture from a polyester resin based composition.
- polyester based moulding composition is disclosed in British Patent No. 1156205.
- One such preparation is the consideration of phenolic based moulding materials for artificial stone building products, for example, cladding panels and roofing slates, because of the self extinguishing property of phenolic resins when compared to combustible polyester resins.
- Phenolic resin moulding materials have found acceptance for some applications, parthcularly foamed phenolic resins, and several process routes for moulding products therefrom have been proposed. It has been found, however, that most of the proposed systems use too much resin or give a finished product which does not meet the property requirements of natural building components, for example, slates, or even the properties of the artificial slate such as that described in British Patent No. 1156205 and marketed under the Registered Trade Mark "Petarch”.
- the "Petrarch" material when made into slate sized components has a 24 hours water absorption of 0.07% to 0.43% and a flexural strength of 40 MN/m 2 dry and 29 M N/m 2 after immersion in water for 24 hours.
- the present invention provides a dough moulding composition, particularly for manufacturing building products, and comprising an inorganic mineral filler mineral or plastics fibres and a resin mixture consisting of a resole resin in liquid form and a novolak resin.
- the composition comprises from 55% to 90% by weight of the mineral filler and from 10% to 30% by weight of the resin mixture.
- the resin mixture may comprise from 30% to 70% by weight of each resin and preferably from 40% to 60% by weight of each resin. In one embodiment, approximately equal parts of each resin were used.
- the composition comprises from 15% to 25% by weight of the mixture of the resole and novolak resins.
- the dough moulding composition comprises 17% by weight of the resins made up 9% by weight liquid resole resin and 8% by weight powdered novolak resin.
- the composition contains an amino-silane coupling agent to facilitate the wetting out and the bond strength of the resin with the other constituents of the composition.
- the mineral filler is slate powder.
- the fibres are glass fibres and the composition may comprise from 0.5% to 15% by weight of glass fibres.
- the glass fibre content is 2.5% by weight of the composition.
- the glass fibres are chopped glass rovings and the length of the chopped rovings may be 1 to 50 mm and preferably 6 to 25 mm.
- composition may comprise up to 5% by weight of pigment and preferably 1% by weight.
- the dough moulding composition is suitable for pressing under heat to form a building material, the composition comprising 9% by weight of liquid resole resin, 8% by weight of a dry powdered novolak resin, 2.5% by weight of glass fibres of 25 mm length, 1% by weight of pigment and 79.5% of slate powder.
- the novolak resin contains approximately 2% by weight of the novolak resin, of an amino-silane coupling agent.
- the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a building product of a composition as described above, the method comprising the steps of mixing together the novolak resin and the inorganic mineral filler, wetting out by addition to the mixture of the resole resin, adding to the mixture the mineral or plastics fibres and forming the mixed composition into the building product.
- Preferably pigment is added after the wetting out.
- the dough like consistency of the mix allows ready formation of artificial slates therefrom by pressing the mixture at a mould pressure of 0.34 to 4.27 MN/m 2 , preferably 1.4 MN/m 2 and at a platen temperature of-110° to 190°C preferably 150°C for 1 to 30 minutes, preferably for 2 to 4 minutes.
- the invention also provides a slate-like building product formed-under heat and pressure from a composition as described above and/or by the method described above.
- the product preferably has a water absorption after 24 hours of less than 1% by weight and is particularly suitable as a roofing tile.
- the novolak resin powder and slate powder were first mixed together.
- the liquid resole resin was added to wet out the mixture and finally the glass roving ahd pigment added.
- the resultant dough like mixture was then extruded and subdivided into preforms of controlled weight for loading into the mould cavities of a platen press where it was pressed at a pressure of 1 . 4 MN/m for 3 minutes at a platen temperature of 156°C to give a 30 cm sq product of approximately 3 to 4 mm thick.
- Venting of the mould during pressing was effected for ten seconds at one minute intervals to release condensation vapours.
- the void content is as low as that to be found in natural materials and the artificial slate material of the aforementioned British Patent No. 1156205.
- any inorganic mineral filler may be included depending upon the characteristics of the product to be manufactured.
- composition described may be used to form many building products and is particularly suitable for making a product such as that described in our co-pending Application'No. 7917940 dated 23rd May, 1979 and entitled "An Improved Roofing Tile”.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to moulding compositions and especially dough moulding compositions containing phenolic resins.
- Over the years considerable development of synthetic resin moulding materials has resulted in their use for all kinds of building products for both internal and external applications.
- Polyester resins, for example, have proven to be readily acceptable for;use as constituents in moulding compositions partly because of their cost and ease of processing vis-a-vis that of phenolic resins.
- However, for any materials used as building products, there are stringent fire performances to be met, and polyester resins, which normally burn quite readily, must have fire retardants admixed thereto. Such retardants whilst reducing the fire hazard add disproportionately to the overall cost of an article manufacture from a polyester resin based composition.
- One such polyester based moulding composition is disclosed in British Patent No. 1156205.
- While polyester resins themselves were cheaper and easier to process than phenolics it was not always a practical consideration to develop phenolic resin moulding materials for construction materials.
- One such preparation is the consideration of phenolic based moulding materials for artificial stone building products, for example, cladding panels and roofing slates, because of the self extinguishing property of phenolic resins when compared to combustible polyester resins.
- Phenolic resin moulding materials have found acceptance for some applications, parthcularly foamed phenolic resins, and several process routes for moulding products therefrom have been proposed. It has been found, however, that most of the proposed systems use too much resin or give a finished product which does not meet the property requirements of natural building components, for example, slates, or even the properties of the artificial slate such as that described in British Patent No. 1156205 and marketed under the Registered Trade Mark "Petarch".
- A further disadvantage of phenolic moulding materials developed hitherto has been the inherent lack of durability of the building products made therefrom. For example cladding panels and roofing tiles suffered from U.V. attach resulting in loss of flexural strength. In addition inclement weather conditions resulted in delamination and break-up of the tiles.
- This lack of durability of phenolic based products has been due in part, it is believed, to the inability to produce finished products with little or no void content. Voids in moulded products appear to contribute to the formation of cracks in inclement weather conditions.
- However with the cost of polyester resins rising:
- (a) because of the rise in world demand;
- (b) because of short supply thereof; and
- (c) because of the rise in standards set by governmental huthorities in respect of fire performance and durability, etc., of building products containing polyester resins, it has now become an attractive proposition to consider alternative materials.
- In addition to the drawbacks listed above proposed acid catalysed systems create process hazards which in an industrial environment are also quite unacceptable and necessitate costly extraction plant which adds to the overall unit cost'.
- The "Petrarch" material, referred to hereinbefore, when made into slate sized components has a 24 hours water absorption of 0.07% to 0.43% and a flexural strength of 40 MN/m2 dry and 29 MN/m2 after immersion in water for 24 hours.
- Attempts have been made to provide slates made from phenolic resin moulding compositions which will match the properties of natural slate and also the artificial slates referred to above while presenting a more economical product in terms of cost and ease of manufacture. However single resin compositions have all suffered from disadvantage.
- The present invention provides a dough moulding composition, particularly for manufacturing building products, and comprising an inorganic mineral filler mineral or plastics fibres and a resin mixture consisting of a resole resin in liquid form and a novolak resin.
- Preferably the composition comprises from 55% to 90% by weight of the mineral filler and from 10% to 30% by weight of the resin mixture.
- The resin mixture may comprise from 30% to 70% by weight of each resin and preferably from 40% to 60% by weight of each resin. In one embodiment, approximately equal parts of each resin were used.
- Conveniently the composition comprises from 15% to 25% by weight of the mixture of the resole and novolak resins.
- Preferably the dough moulding composition comprises 17% by weight of the resins made up 9% by weight liquid resole resin and 8% by weight powdered novolak resin.
- Conveniently the composition contains an amino-silane coupling agent to facilitate the wetting out and the bond strength of the resin with the other constituents of the composition.
- Preferably the mineral filler is slate powder.
- Preferably the fibres are glass fibres and the composition may comprise from 0.5% to 15% by weight of glass fibres.
- Preferably the glass fibre content is 2.5% by weight of the composition.
- Conveniently the glass fibres are chopped glass rovings and the length of the chopped rovings may be 1 to 50 mm and preferably 6 to 25 mm.
- Conveniently the composition may comprise up to 5% by weight of pigment and preferably 1% by weight.
- Preferably the dough moulding composition is suitable for pressing under heat to form a building material, the composition comprising 9% by weight of liquid resole resin, 8% by weight of a dry powdered novolak resin, 2.5% by weight of glass fibres of 25 mm length, 1% by weight of pigment and 79.5% of slate powder.
- Conveniently in the composition as set out in the last preceding paragraph the novolak resin contains approximately 2% by weight of the novolak resin, of an amino-silane coupling agent.
- The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a building product of a composition as described above, the method comprising the steps of mixing together the novolak resin and the inorganic mineral filler, wetting out by addition to the mixture of the resole resin, adding to the mixture the mineral or plastics fibres and forming the mixed composition into the building product. Preferably pigment is added after the wetting out.
- The dough like consistency of the mix allows ready formation of artificial slates therefrom by pressing the mixture at a mould pressure of 0.34 to 4.27 MN/m2, preferably 1.4 MN/m2 and at a platen temperature of-110° to 190°C preferably 150°C for 1 to 30 minutes, preferably for 2 to 4 minutes.
- The invention also provides a slate-like building product formed-under heat and pressure from a composition as described above and/or by the method described above. The product preferably has a water absorption after 24 hours of less than 1% by weight and is particularly suitable as a roofing tile.
- There now follows by way of example of the invention a detailed description of a composition according to the invention.
- . The following constituents were mixed together in a standard two blade Winkworth mixer:-
- (a) 8% by weight solid novolak resin powder which contained approximately 2% by weight of the novolak resin, of an amino-silane coupling agent.
- (b) 9% by weight liquid resole resin;
- (c) 2.5% by weight chopped glass rovings of 25 mm length, the roving being MSS1618 available from Fibreglass Limited;
- (d) 1% of black pigment, viz Bayer 320; and,
- (e) 79.5% by weight of inorganic mineral filler, i.e. slate powder, viz Delabole slate grade S12, a material with a wide distribution of particles sizes.
- The novolak resin powder and slate powder were first mixed together. The liquid resole resin was added to wet out the mixture and finally the glass roving ahd pigment added.
- The resultant dough like mixture was then extruded and subdivided into preforms of controlled weight for loading into the mould cavities of a platen press where it was pressed at a pressure of 1.4 MN/m for 3 minutes at a platen temperature of 156°C to give a 30 cm sq product of approximately 3 to 4 mm thick.
- Venting of the mould during pressing was effected for ten seconds at one minute intervals to release condensation vapours.
- The resulting properties of the product were:-
- (i) Dry flexural strength:- 44.3 MN/m2
- (ii) Wet flexural strength after 24 hours water absorption:- 45.7 MN/m 2
- (iii) 24 hours water absorption:- 0.06% by weight (when tested according to British Standard 680 leart 2, 1971) .
- Normally of course one would expect a lower flexural strength after water absorption. However, such is the quality of the product that water absorption is very low and figures for flexural strength of 42 to 48 MN/m2 are readily obtained.
- It has been found that an artificial slate made by the process disclosed, and from the composition set out in the example, has a greatly reduced void content when compared to products made from phenolic based resin compositions processed by other routes.
- Indeed it has been found that the void content is as low as that to be found in natural materials and the artificial slate material of the aforementioned British Patent No. 1156205.
- It is this lack of voids which it is believed contributes particularly to the strength of the material and the apparent durability thereof.
- Although slate powder is utilised in the composition any inorganic mineral filler may be included depending upon the characteristics of the product to be manufactured.
- Whereas the mixing of the constituents of the dough moulding composition was said to be in one particular succession of addition of the constituents it is to be realised that the mixing may take place in any suitable order.
- The composition described may be used to form many building products and is particularly suitable for making a product such as that described in our co-pending Application'No. 7917940 dated 23rd May, 1979 and entitled "An Improved Roofing Tile".
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80301710T ATE17343T1 (en) | 1979-05-23 | 1980-05-22 | MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR BUILDING PRODUCTS MADE OF MOLDING COMPOUNDS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7917939 | 1979-05-23 | ||
GB7917939 | 1979-05-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0020102A1 true EP0020102A1 (en) | 1980-12-10 |
EP0020102B1 EP0020102B1 (en) | 1986-01-08 |
Family
ID=10505377
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80301710A Expired EP0020102B1 (en) | 1979-05-23 | 1980-05-22 | Improvements in methods of manufacturing building products from moulding compositions |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0020102B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE17343T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3071332D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2457309B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2051097B (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2526015A1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-04 | Hueck Fa E | MOLDED REPRODUCTION HAVING A SURFACE STRUCTURE SIMILAR TO THAT OF NATURAL SLATE |
EP0180257A1 (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-05-07 | Dsm Resins B.V. | Thermosetting resin composition based on resole resin |
EP0343433A2 (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1989-11-29 | TBA Industrial Products Limited | Phenolic moulding compositions |
WO1996034160A1 (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-10-31 | Owens Corning | Shingle of resinous material and filler |
WO1996034162A1 (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-10-31 | Owens Corning | A roof containing resinous material and filler |
FR2769633A1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-16 | Fiberite France | Bulk molded composition material |
US6021611A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 2000-02-08 | Wells; James R. | Shingle having ribs and a cavity on its underside |
FR2788514A1 (en) * | 1999-01-19 | 2000-07-21 | Saint Gobain Isover | INSULATION PRODUCT, ESPECIALLY THERMAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
US8136322B2 (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2012-03-20 | Tamko Building Products, Inc. | Composite shingle |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD433A (en) * | ||||
GB1156205A (en) * | 1965-07-12 | 1969-06-25 | Redlands Bricks Ltd | Improved Moulding Materials |
DE2119089B2 (en) * | 1970-04-21 | 1973-02-15 | Abex Corp, New York, N Y (V St A) | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRICTION ELEMENTS FROM THERMAL RESIN CONTAINING ASBESTOS FIBERS |
GB1394806A (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1975-05-21 | Sir Soc Italiana Resine Spa | Moulding compositions comprising phenolic resins |
DE1961763B2 (en) * | 1969-06-17 | 1975-10-02 | Nippon Toki K.K., Nagoya, Aichi (Japan) | Process for the production of a thin abrasive body |
US3956227A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1976-05-11 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Moulding compounds |
US3966670A (en) * | 1972-12-27 | 1976-06-29 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Friction particle for brake lining |
GB1474945A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1977-05-25 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | Powdered facing agent |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3207652A (en) * | 1960-12-29 | 1965-09-21 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Phenolic compositions |
-
1980
- 1980-05-15 GB GB8016055A patent/GB2051097B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-22 FR FR8011446A patent/FR2457309B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-22 DE DE8080301710T patent/DE3071332D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-22 EP EP80301710A patent/EP0020102B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-22 AT AT80301710T patent/ATE17343T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD433A (en) * | ||||
GB1156205A (en) * | 1965-07-12 | 1969-06-25 | Redlands Bricks Ltd | Improved Moulding Materials |
DE1961763B2 (en) * | 1969-06-17 | 1975-10-02 | Nippon Toki K.K., Nagoya, Aichi (Japan) | Process for the production of a thin abrasive body |
DE2119089B2 (en) * | 1970-04-21 | 1973-02-15 | Abex Corp, New York, N Y (V St A) | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRICTION ELEMENTS FROM THERMAL RESIN CONTAINING ASBESTOS FIBERS |
GB1394806A (en) * | 1972-12-22 | 1975-05-21 | Sir Soc Italiana Resine Spa | Moulding compositions comprising phenolic resins |
US3966670A (en) * | 1972-12-27 | 1976-06-29 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Friction particle for brake lining |
GB1474945A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1977-05-25 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | Powdered facing agent |
US3956227A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1976-05-11 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Moulding compounds |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2526015A1 (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1983-11-04 | Hueck Fa E | MOLDED REPRODUCTION HAVING A SURFACE STRUCTURE SIMILAR TO THAT OF NATURAL SLATE |
EP0180257A1 (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-05-07 | Dsm Resins B.V. | Thermosetting resin composition based on resole resin |
EP0343433A2 (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1989-11-29 | TBA Industrial Products Limited | Phenolic moulding compositions |
EP0343433A3 (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1990-12-19 | Tba Industrial Products Limited | Phenolic moulding compositions |
AU620093B2 (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1992-02-13 | Hepworth Minerals And Chemicals Ltd. | Phenolic moulding compositions |
WO1996034162A1 (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-10-31 | Owens Corning | A roof containing resinous material and filler |
WO1996034160A1 (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-10-31 | Owens Corning | Shingle of resinous material and filler |
US5615523A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1997-04-01 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Roof having resinous shingles |
US6021611A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 2000-02-08 | Wells; James R. | Shingle having ribs and a cavity on its underside |
US6112492A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 2000-09-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Shingle having ribs and cavity on its underside |
FR2769633A1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-16 | Fiberite France | Bulk molded composition material |
WO1999019390A1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-22 | Bulk Molding Compounds Inc. | Composite bmc material and method for making same |
FR2788514A1 (en) * | 1999-01-19 | 2000-07-21 | Saint Gobain Isover | INSULATION PRODUCT, ESPECIALLY THERMAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
EP1022263A1 (en) * | 1999-01-19 | 2000-07-26 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Thermal insulation product and method for manufacturing it |
US8136322B2 (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2012-03-20 | Tamko Building Products, Inc. | Composite shingle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3071332D1 (en) | 1986-02-20 |
EP0020102B1 (en) | 1986-01-08 |
GB2051097A (en) | 1981-01-14 |
ATE17343T1 (en) | 1986-01-15 |
GB2051097B (en) | 1983-05-18 |
FR2457309A1 (en) | 1980-12-19 |
FR2457309B1 (en) | 1987-08-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3214393A (en) | Concrete mixture containing expanded polystyrene and a homogenizing agent | |
US3969453A (en) | Method of molding fireproof products containing magnesium oxychloride cement | |
US3207652A (en) | Phenolic compositions | |
US3899455A (en) | Process for preparing lightweight concrete | |
EP0020102B1 (en) | Improvements in methods of manufacturing building products from moulding compositions | |
DE1253131B (en) | Process for joining organic plastics with mineral substances or inorganic hydraulic binders | |
CN106630731B (en) | A kind of composite modifier and its preparation are dispersed the drainage asphalt concrete of performance with highly resistance | |
AU707288B2 (en) | Process for producing non-flammable phenolic resin foam | |
US2993799A (en) | Plastic containing composition and the process of making the same | |
GB1583308A (en) | Heat resistant composition | |
US1899768A (en) | Sawdust wood fiber board and method of making same | |
CN106278040A (en) | A kind of toughening modifying foam cement polyurethane foam composite insulation boards | |
ATE94518T1 (en) | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PLATEFORM COMPOSITES. | |
CN108485215B (en) | Regenerated composite board and production process thereof | |
GB2124201A (en) | Process for the reconstitution of slates | |
CN105110733A (en) | Adhesive mortar for phenolic insulation board | |
KR0165754B1 (en) | Method of manufacturing inorganic forming material | |
JPH0342171B2 (en) | ||
JPH0725921B2 (en) | Method for producing fiber-reinforced phenolic resin foam | |
AU618755B2 (en) | Moulded part, particularly for motor vehicles | |
Usmani et al. | Development of Clay Filled Roofing Materials | |
SU1159908A1 (en) | Polymerconcrete mix | |
KR890004283B1 (en) | Artificial stone and method for making thereof | |
JP3041339U (en) | Synthetic wood | |
US2785987A (en) | Cementitious material containing slate flour |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE IT LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19810511 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A. |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 17343 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19860115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3071332 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19860220 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19860530 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19860531 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19880522 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19880531 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19880531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19890201 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19890509 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19890510 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19890523 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19890531 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19900523 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19900531 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: REDLAND TECHNOLOGY LTD Effective date: 19900531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19901201 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 80301710.2 Effective date: 19910114 |