EP0011269A1 - Method and apparatus for dotting moulding devices by means of discrete droplets of a liquid or suspended lubricant during the manufacture of moulded objects in the pharmaceutical, food or catalytic field - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for dotting moulding devices by means of discrete droplets of a liquid or suspended lubricant during the manufacture of moulded objects in the pharmaceutical, food or catalytic field Download PDFInfo
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- EP0011269A1 EP0011269A1 EP79104448A EP79104448A EP0011269A1 EP 0011269 A1 EP0011269 A1 EP 0011269A1 EP 79104448 A EP79104448 A EP 79104448A EP 79104448 A EP79104448 A EP 79104448A EP 0011269 A1 EP0011269 A1 EP 0011269A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- droplets
- lubricant
- nozzle
- dotting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
- B30B15/0011—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses lubricating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0638—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers spray being produced by discharging the liquid or other fluent material through a plate comprising a plurality of orifices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
- Y10S425/115—Lubricator
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the intermittent dotting of molds e.g. of tableting machines using discrete droplets of liquid or suspended lubricants in the manufacture of moldings in the pharmaceutical, food or catalyst sector.
- German patent specification ......... (patent application P 27 17 438.5) describes a method for coating press chambers in tabletting machines, which is characterized in that dissolved or melted lubricants are used briefly (“intermittently ”) spraying nozzle system before each pressing operation to be applied to the inner walls of the pressing chamber.
- liquid or suspended lubricant is dotted onto the stressed zones of the pressing tools in defined quantities and in the form of discrete droplets of a defined volume before each pressing operation.
- the doting happens e.g. by means of tubular or plate-shaped piezoelectric transducers intermittently before each pressing process.
- a lubricant liquid or suspension can also be divided into discrete droplets of defined volume after application of a high pressure when passing through a narrow nozzle, the individual droplets subsequently being electrically charged and electrostatically deflected intermittently to the stressed zones of the pressing tools in order to puncture them.
- a system suitable for spotting the liquid or suspended lubricant consists, for example, of a whole series of channels in such a way that a tubular piezo oscillator concentrically envelops a section of each channel.
- Conductive layers such as silver layers or gold layers, serve as electrodes for applying the electrical field. or nickel layers, on the lateral surfaces of the tubular piezo oscillator.
- the outlet openings are aligned in such a way that each one dots fine lubricant droplets onto a specific area of the molds passing by.
- the individual channels are e.g. connected to a common distributor plate, which is connected to a storage container, and from there are supplied with lubricant liquid or suspension (cf. FIG. 1).
- the backflow of the liquid or suspension in the nozzle channel is complicated, for example, by the fact that the nozzle channel is narrowed towards the outlet opening. Due to the nature of piezo oscillators, e.g. To suffer elastic deformation from piezoceramic masses when a certain electric field is applied, a shock wave directed at the liquid is created in the tubular piezo oscillators. The associated increase in pressure leads to the shooting out of the smallest amounts of lubricant in the form of a club from the outlet openings, these lubricant clubs taking on a spherical shape after leaving the outlet openings.
- the diameter of a channel is advantageously approximately 1 mm in its central part, the individual channel is tapered at its outlet opening.
- the diameter of the outlet opening is, for example, 0.1 mm.
- the reservoir is lower than the outlet openings, which is why it is called a vacuum system.
- the height difference creates a static vacuum in the channels. This static negative pressure is overcompensated for a brief moment when the electrical field is applied in connection with the capillary action in the channels.
- the capillary forces in the channels and in the outlet openings prevent the lubricant liquid or suspension from running back.
- 3000 droplets leave the outlet opening at a drop frequency of 3 KHz and a lubricant viscosity of approx. 20 m Pas.
- the velocity of the droplets is approx. 4 m / s with a very constant droplet weight of approx. 0.8 ⁇ g (0.0008 mg).
- the drop frequency is between a few hundred Hertz and 50 KHz, preferably 3 KHz.
- the excitation of the piezo oscillator happens e.g. with a voltage pulse of 120 volts with a pulse duration of 20 microseconds.
- the channel which is enclosed by the piezoelectric oscillator can be curved in front of or behind it; this configuration serves to better adapt to the spatial conditions e.g. the tablet press.
- the channel can also branch into two or more channels spatially after the piezo oscillator, so that one piezo oscillator supplies several channels with separate outlet openings.
- the outlet openings can e.g. Holes in a glass or metal plate. If the channel consists of a glass capillary, the outlet opening can be formed by pulling out the glass tube at its end.
- Another advantageous embodiment for dotting with liquid or suspended lubricant consists in the use of platelet-shaped or planar transducers which work according to the piezoelectric principle and which are preferably mounted concentrically above the entrance of the channels; at the end of the channels there are again tapered exits openings.
- the piezoplate is horizontally concentric with the vertically leading channel.
- the piezoplates lie in or on a chamber for receiving the lubricant liquid or suspension.
- Several channels can lead away from a common chamber, which in turn is connected to a common liquid supply.
- a planar oscillator piezo plate
- a planar oscillator can simultaneously generate a pressure wave in several channels that adjoin the same distribution chamber.
- a further advantageous, structurally simplified embodiment includes a powerful planar oscillator in the chamber and a channel extending from the chamber, which preferably runs vertically to the planar oscillator, at the end of which there are several, possibly spatially differently oriented nozzles or an entire nozzle ring.
- the upper punch or the lower punch with the die pass the dot system in a few milliseconds. Nevertheless, a channel that operates with a drop frequency of a few kHz can emit not just one but a whole series of lubricant droplets during this period.
- the control of the dotting system consisting of a larger number of channels with outlet openings, can be carried out in such a way that all channels spray at the same time when the molds appear or, depending on their geometrical arrangement, in succession at different times. It is also possible to choose the droplet frequency of the channels differently, depending on which area of the molding tools is to be dotted. In this way, more lubricant can be applied to special zones of the molds (e.g. to the pressing zone in the die, to the engraving of the upper or lower punch) than to less stressed ones. Finally, there is the option of using a channel to puncture the die wall other lubricant solution than the channels that are intended for the puncturing of the stamp surfaces.
- the piezoceramic bodies can also be used as valves if the lubricant liquid or suspension is supplied with pressure to the oscillator or transducer, which opens or closes depending on the control.
- a slot-shaped opening opens briefly in a channel containing the liquid under pressure, through which the filling material is released in the form of drops; the opening can be made in the transducer itself, which closes the pressurized space as a valve, or in the edge zone between the transducer and the material forming the walls of the channel. This process is also possible in the opposite way; when actuated, the oscillator closes the pressurized space.
- the drops required for the spotting can also be produced using the so-called high-pressure process; in the high pressure process, the lubricant liquid or suspension is forced under high pressure through one or more narrow nozzles.
- the high pressure is generated, for example, by a pump.
- the liquid disintegrates into fine, uniformly sized droplets, which are then charged by a charging electrode; the electrically charged Droplets are deflected electrostatically to the desired locations on the pressing tools (cf. FIG. 3 ).
- the high pressure nozzle can also be located concentrically in the middle of a tube filled with lubricant liquid or suspension.
- the outlet opening of the high-pressure nozzle is located just below the liquid level of the lubricant.
- a carrier or transport liquid emerges from the high-pressure nozzle as a jet, which entrains up to 50% of the lubricant liquid or suspension surrounding it.
- This liquid jet of carrier and lubricant liquid which is under high pressure, disintegrates immediately after leaving the nozzle-shaped opening of the tube into uniform droplets, which after electrostatic charging are electrostatically deflected in the direction of the points of the pressing tools to be punctured.
- Suitable transport liquids are e.g. Water, alcohols, such as ethanol, or glycol, glycerin.
- the diameter of the transport nozzle is e.g. 1o pm, the diameter of the surrounding tube 2 mm. Coarse lubricant suspensions can also be scored with this arrangement (cf. FIG. 4).
- the droplets generated by the high-pressure system described above have a diameter of 20 ⁇ m, for example. If desired, these droplets can be further divided by applying a strong electric field of, for example, 500 to 1000 volts; These finer, charged droplets can also be used by electrostatic deflection for the targeted dotting of the pressing tools.
- the dot system can be installed anywhere in front of the filling shoe and behind the ejection device of a tableting machine. It is particularly expedient, however, to arrange the opening of the dot system approximately 1 mm above the revolver table in which the matrices are located, so that one can point directly into the "cup" formed from the die bore and the active surface of the lower punches. It is even possible to point directly into the gap between the die and the lower punch.
- the control signal for triggering the intermittent and precisely directed point is e.g. with the help of photocells, or inductive or capacitive proximity switches.
- lubricant melts can be used if the distributor head is heated to the appropriate temperature by a built-in heating plate. Heated reservoir and hose ensure the lubricant is transported to the spray head.
- All lubricant liquids are advantageously passed to the channels via a suitable small filter.
- Figures 1 to 4 are intended to illustrate schematically some possible devices for dotting molds with liquid or suspended lubricants in an exemplary manner.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically in cross section a point system with piezoelectric transducers (1), each of which envelops a nozzle channel (8); the nozzle channel ends in a taper (7); the individual tapers (7) are in contact with corresponding openings in an outlet nozzle plate (6), the nozzles formed by the tapers (7) and the openings in the outlet plate (6) emitting liquid droplets (5) when the device is actuated.
- the nozzle channel (8) is connected to a liquid distribution chamber (2) via a tapered liquid channel (9).
- the distribution chamber (2) has a ventilation channel (10); the distributor chamber is connected to a liquid reservoir (3) via a filter plate (4).
- the piezoelectric transducers are electrically controlled via contacts (11).
- FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show cross sections through differently designed dotting heads with planar transducers working according to the piezoelectric principle.
- (1) is a planar piezoelectric transducer with contacts (11) for electrical control.
- the planar piezoelectric transducer lies in a liquid chamber (12) which is connected to a storage container via the liquid line (13).
- FIG. 3 schematically describes a cross section through a so-called high-pressure spotting system.
- Liquid is pressed into a nozzle (24) from a liquid storage container (21) by means of a pump (22) through a filter (23).
- the liquid jet (27) released at the nozzle (24) breaks down into drops (28) which are charged electrically by a drop charging ring (25) and deflected in an electrical field by means of a deflection plate (26).
- the deflected liquid drop (29) points to the pressing tools.
- the remaining drops (29) are attracted and collected by a suction electrode (100) and returned to the container (21) via the line (110).
- a suction electrode 100
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a high-pressure spotting system in which the lubricant is conveyed by a transport liquid.
- the liquid storage container (31) contains the transport liquid which is pressed by the pump (32) through a filter (33) into the nozzle (34).
- the tube (30) contains the lubricant liquid or suspension which is entrained on the nozzle (34a) by the jet (37) of the transport liquid released at the nozzle (30); the combined jet (37) decays into drops (38) which are charged electrically by the drop charging ring (35).
- the drops (38) are deflected electrostatically in the desired direction when the baffle plates (36) are paused, the deflected drops: (39) dotting the pressing tools at certain points.
- the undeflected drops are removed by a suction electrode (100).
- the head for spotting is dimensioned so that it can also be attached to the smallest tablet press or capsule machine.
- the head can be aligned so that it releases the droplets in all desired directions.
- the head only emits droplets of the same weight in contrast to a one or two-substance nozzle with a droplet distribution between mist and coarse drops.
- the lubricant or suspension can be dispensed in less than a millisecond.
- the delivery quantities are constant.
- the lubricant is applied precisely at the points of the tools where the lubricant must be used.
- the systems known up to now e.g. Spraying lubricant liquids from a nozzle creates droplet distributions between mist and coarse drops, the coarse drops preventing an even distribution of the lubricant and the mist leading to contamination of the press plate or the tablet machine. With the help of the previously known systems, it was also not possible to apply more lubricant in a reproducible manner specifically to the particularly stressed zones of the pressing tools than in less stressed areas.
- the granules are pressed in a double rotary press at a rate of 220,000 tablets / h, the die wall and the active stamp surfaces being scored using a piezoceramic dot system filled with semi-saturated solution of glycerol monostearate in ethanol.
- the 24 tubes work at a frequency of 10 droplets per millisecond, and the pressing tools can be dotted in passing for about 5 milliseconds.
- the droplet weight is approximately 0.0006 mg.
- the maximum achievable breaking strength at the specified tableting speed is 35% higher compared to tablets with 1.0% magnesium stearate in the granulate.
- a powder mixture for hard gelatin capsules is made from an active ingredient A, milk sugar, corn starch and colloidal silica. Approx. A dotting device is attached 1 mm below the passing filling tube of a capsule filling machine. A planar piezo oscillator is located above the liquid channel of this device; the end of the channel is closed by a nozzle plate with 42 holes with a diameter of 0.06 mm. During a millisecond, 0.1 mg of a 5% alcoholic magnesium stearate suspension is released into the inside of the filling tube that passes by. The tested in vitro release of the active ingredient from this capsule was compared to a capsule manufactured using conventional technology. (with 2% magnesium stearate in the granulate) much faster (90% active ingredient release in 10 instead of 35 minutes).
Abstract
Beschrieben wird ein Verfahren zum intermittierenden Bepunkten der Preßzonen von Formwerkzeugen, wie sie z.B. bei der Tablettenherstellung verwendet werden. Bestimmte Zonen der Preßwerkzeuge werden vor jedem Preßvorgang mit einem flüssigen oder suspendierten Schmiermittel in definierten Mengen und in Form von diskreten Tröpfchen (5, 28, 38) von definiertem Volumen zielgerichtet bepunktet. Das Aufpunkten des Schiermittels geschieht beispielsweise mittels piezo elektrischer Wandler (1, 11) oder nach einem sogenannten Hochdruckverfahren, wobei die zu bepunktende Flüssigkeit unter hohem Druck durch Düsen (6, 7) in einzelne Tröpfchen zerlegt wird, die Tröpfchen anschließend elektrisch aufgeladen und elektrostatisch in Richtung auf die zu bepunktenden Stellen der Formwerkzeuge abgelenkt werden. Es werden noch verschiedene praktische Ausführungsformen solcher Bepunktungssysteme eingehend beschrieben. Die Systeme eignen sich auch für schnelllaufende Tablettiermaschinen.A method is described for the intermittent dotting of the pressing zones of molding tools, such as those e.g. used in the manufacture of tablets. Certain zones of the pressing tools are specifically dotted with a liquid or suspended lubricant in defined quantities and in the form of discrete droplets (5, 28, 38) of a defined volume before each pressing operation. The lubricating agent is spotted, for example, by means of piezoelectric transducers (1, 11) or a so-called high-pressure process, the liquid to be spotted being broken down into individual droplets under high pressure by nozzles (6, 7), the droplets then being electrically charged and electrostatically dispersed Direction to the points to be dotted on the molds. Various practical embodiments of such point systems are also described in detail. The systems are also suitable for high-speed tableting machines.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum intermittierenden Bepunkten von Formwerkzeugen z.B. von Tablettiermaschinen mittels diskreter Tröpfchen flüssiger oder suspendierter Schmiermittel bei der Herstellung von Formlingen im Pharma-, Lebensmittel- oder Katalysatorenbereich.The invention relates to a method for the intermittent dotting of molds e.g. of tableting machines using discrete droplets of liquid or suspended lubricants in the manufacture of moldings in the pharmaceutical, food or catalyst sector.
In der deutschen Patentschrift ......... (Patentanmeldung P 27 17 438.5) wird ein Verfahren zum Beschichten von Preßkammern bei Tablettiermaschinen beschrieben, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß gelöste oder geschmolzene Gleitmittel mittels eines in raschen Zeitabständen kurzzeitig ("intermittierend") sprühenden Düsensystems vor jedem Preßvorgang auf idie Innenwände der Preßkammer aufgebracht werden.The German patent specification ......... (
Es hat sich in der Zwischenzeit gezeigt, daß bei den neuen Hochleistungstablettiermaschinen ein hydraulisch betriebenes intermittierendes Sprühsystem noch zu träge ist, um vor jedem Preßvorgang die Formwerkzeuge zu beschichten. Außerdem ist es grundsätzlich wünschenswert, die Schmiermittelmenge (zur Erzielung einer optimalen Bioverfügbarkeit, Verpreßbarkeit, klaren und unverzögerten Auflösung von Lösetabletten, z.B. für diagnostische Zwecke oder Brausetabletten) so klein als möglich zu halten. Es ist deshalb notwendig, daß das Sprühsystem ganz besonders in der Lage ist, in kürzester Zeit, z.B. in wenigen Millisekunden, intermittierend und gerichtet an stark beanspruchte Zonen der Formwerkzeuge (z.B. Preßzone in der Matrize) gezielt die erforderliche Menge an Schmiermittel aufzutragen.In the meantime, it has been shown that in the new high-performance tableting machines, a hydraulically operated intermittent spray system is still too sluggish to coat the molds before each pressing process. In addition, it is generally desirable to keep the amount of lubricant as small as possible (in order to achieve optimal bioavailability, compressibility, clear and undelayed dissolution of dissolving tablets, e.g. for diagnostic purposes or effervescent tablets). It is therefore necessary that the spray system is particularly able to quickly, e.g. Apply the required amount of lubricant in just a few milliseconds, intermittently and aimed at heavily used zones of the molds (e.g. press zone in the die).
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sich diese Forderungen in vorzüglicher Weise dadurch erfüllen lassen, daß flüssiges oder suspendiertes Schmiermittel vor jedem Preßvorgang in definierten Mengen und in Form von diskreten Tröpfchen von definiertem Volumen auf die beanspruchten Zonen der Preßwerkzeuge gerichtet aufgepunktet wird. Das Aufpunkten geschieht z.B. mittels röhrenförmiger oder plättchenförmiger piezoelektrischer Wandler intermittierend vor jedem Preßvorgang. Eine Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension kann aber auch nach Anlegen eines hohen Druckes beim Durchgang durch eine enge Düse in Diskrete Tröpfchen definierten Volumens zerteilt werden, wobei die einzelnen Tröpfchen nachfolgend elektrisch aufgeladen und elektrostatisch an die beanspruchten Zonen der Preßwerkzeuge intermittierend zum Bepunkten derselben abgelenkt werden.It has now been found that these requirements can be met in an excellent manner in that liquid or suspended lubricant is dotted onto the stressed zones of the pressing tools in defined quantities and in the form of discrete droplets of a defined volume before each pressing operation. The doting happens e.g. by means of tubular or plate-shaped piezoelectric transducers intermittently before each pressing process. However, a lubricant liquid or suspension can also be divided into discrete droplets of defined volume after application of a high pressure when passing through a narrow nozzle, the individual droplets subsequently being electrically charged and electrostatically deflected intermittently to the stressed zones of the pressing tools in order to puncture them.
Ein zum Aufpunkten des flüssigen oder suspendierten Schmiermittels geeignetes System besteht beispielsweise aus einer ganzen Reihe von Kanälen in der Art, daß ein röhrenförmiger Piezoschwinger einen Abschnitt jeden Kanals konzentrisch umhüllt. Als Elektroden zum Anlegen des elektrischen Feldes dienen leitfähige Schichten, z.B. Silberschichten oder Gold-oder Nickelschichten, auf den Mantelflächen des röhrenförmigen Piezoschwingers.A system suitable for spotting the liquid or suspended lubricant consists, for example, of a whole series of channels in such a way that a tubular piezo oscillator concentrically envelops a section of each channel. Conductive layers, such as silver layers or gold layers, serve as electrodes for applying the electrical field. or nickel layers, on the lateral surfaces of the tubular piezo oscillator.
Die Austrittsöffnungen werden so ausgerichtet, daß jede einzelne einen bestimmten Bereich der vorbeilaufenden Formwerkzeuge mit feinen Schmiermitteltröpfchen bepunktet. Die einzelnen Kanäle sind in ihrer Aufgabeseite z.B. an eine gemeinsame Verteilerplatte, die in Verbindung mit einem Vorratsbehälter steht, angeschlossen und werden von dort mit Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension versorgt (vgl. Figur 1).The outlet openings are aligned in such a way that each one dots fine lubricant droplets onto a specific area of the molds passing by. The individual channels are e.g. connected to a common distributor plate, which is connected to a storage container, and from there are supplied with lubricant liquid or suspension (cf. FIG. 1).
Das Zurückfließen der Flüssigkeit oder Suspension in dem Düsenkanal ist beispielsweise dadurch erschwert, daß der Düsenkanal zur Austrittsöffnung hin verengt ist. Infolge der Eigenschaft von Piezoschwingern, z.B. von piezokeramischen Massen beim Anlegen eines bestimmten elektrischen Feldes eine elastische Deformation zu erleiden, entsteht in den röhrenförmigen Piezoschwingern eine auf die Flüssigkeit gerichtete Stoßwelle. Die damit verbundene Druckerhöhung führt zum Herausschießen kleinster Schmiermittelmengen in Keulenform aus den Austrittsöffnungen, wobei diese Schmiermittelkeulen nach Verlassen der Austrittsöffnungen Kugelform annehmen. Der Durchmesser eines Kanals beträgt vorteilhafterweise cirka 1 mm in seinem Mittelteil, der einzelne Kanal ist an seiner Austrittsöffnung verjüngt. Der Durchmesser der Austrittsöffnung beträgt beispielsweise 0,1 mm.The backflow of the liquid or suspension in the nozzle channel is complicated, for example, by the fact that the nozzle channel is narrowed towards the outlet opening. Due to the nature of piezo oscillators, e.g. To suffer elastic deformation from piezoceramic masses when a certain electric field is applied, a shock wave directed at the liquid is created in the tubular piezo oscillators. The associated increase in pressure leads to the shooting out of the smallest amounts of lubricant in the form of a club from the outlet openings, these lubricant clubs taking on a spherical shape after leaving the outlet openings. The diameter of a channel is advantageously approximately 1 mm in its central part, the individual channel is tapered at its outlet opening. The diameter of the outlet opening is, for example, 0.1 mm.
Der Vorratsbehälter liegt tiefer als die Austrittsöffnungen, man spricht deshalb von einem Unterdrucksystem. Durch den Höhenunterschied entsteht ein statischer Unterdruck in den Kanälen. Dieser statische Unterdruck wird beim Anlegen des elektrischen Feldes in Verbindung mit der Kapillarwirkung in den Kanälen für einen kurzen Augenblick überkompensiert.The reservoir is lower than the outlet openings, which is why it is called a vacuum system. The height difference creates a static vacuum in the channels. This static negative pressure is overcompensated for a brief moment when the electrical field is applied in connection with the capillary action in the channels.
Die Kapillarkräfte in den Kanälen und in den Austrittsöffnungen verhindern ein Zurücklaufen der Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension.The capillary forces in the channels and in the outlet openings prevent the lubricant liquid or suspension from running back.
So verlassen die Austrittsöffnung beispielsweise 3000 Tröpfchen bei einer Tropfenfrequenz von 3 KHz und einer Schmiermittelviskosität von ca. 20 m Pas. Die Geschwindigkeit der Tröpfchen beträgt ca. 4 m/s bei einem sehr konstanten Tröpfchengewicht von ca. 0,8 µg (0,0008 mg). Je nach elektronischer Ansteuerung liegt die Tropfenfrequenz zwischen einigen hundert Hertz und 50 KHz, bevorzugt bei 3 KHz. Die Erregung der Piezoschwinger geschieht z.B. mit einem Spannungsimpuls von 120 Volt bei einer Impulsdauer von 20 Mikrosekunden.For example, 3000 droplets leave the outlet opening at a drop frequency of 3 KHz and a lubricant viscosity of approx. 20 m Pas. The velocity of the droplets is approx. 4 m / s with a very constant droplet weight of approx. 0.8 µg (0.0008 mg). Depending on the electronic control, the drop frequency is between a few hundred Hertz and 50 KHz, preferably 3 KHz. The excitation of the piezo oscillator happens e.g. with a voltage pulse of 120 volts with a pulse duration of 20 microseconds.
Der Kanal, der von dem Piezoschwinger umschlossen wird, kann vor oder hinter diesem beliebig gekrümmt sein; diese Ausgestaltung dient zur besseren Anpassung an die räumlichen Ge- gebenheiten z.B. der Tablettenpresse. Der Kanal kann jedoch lauch räumlich nach dem Piezoschwinger sich in zwei oder mehrere Kanäle verzweigen, so daß ein Piezoschwinger mehrere Kanäle mit separaten Austrittsöffnungen versorgt. Die Austrittsöffnungen können z.B. Löcher in einer Glas- oder Metallplatte sein. Besteht der Kanal aus einer Glaskapillare, so kann die Austrittsöffnung durch das Ausziehen des Glasröhrchens an seinem Ende gebildet werden.The channel which is enclosed by the piezoelectric oscillator can be curved in front of or behind it; this configuration serves to better adapt to the spatial conditions e.g. the tablet press. However, the channel can also branch into two or more channels spatially after the piezo oscillator, so that one piezo oscillator supplies several channels with separate outlet openings. The outlet openings can e.g. Holes in a glass or metal plate. If the channel consists of a glass capillary, the outlet opening can be formed by pulling out the glass tube at its end.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform zum Bepunkten mit flüssigen oder suspendierten Schmiermittels besteht in der Verwendung von plättchenförmigen bzw. planaren, nach dem piezoelektrischen Prinzip arbeitenden Wandlern, die vorzugsweise konzentrisch über dem Eingang der Kanäle angebracht sind; am Ende der Kanäle befinden sich wieder verjüngte Austrittsöffnungen. Bei einer vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform liegt das Piezoplättchen horizontal konzentrisch zum vertikal wegführenden Kanal. Die Piezoplättchen liegen in oder an einer Kammer zur Aufnahme der Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension. Es können mehrere Kanäle von einer gemeinsamen Kammer wegführen, die ihrerseits an einer gemeinsamen Flüssigkeitsversorgung angeschlossen ist. So kann z.B. auch ein planarer Schwinger (Piezoplättchen) gleichzeitig eine Druckwelle in mehreren, sich an die gleiche Verteilerkammer anschließenden Kanälen erzeugen. Eine weitere vorteilhafte, konstruktiv vereinfachte Ausführungsform beinhaltet einen hubstarken planaren Schwinger in der Kammer und einen von der Kammer ausgehenden Kanal, der vorzugsweise vertikal zu dem planaren Schwinger verläuft, an dessen Ende sich mehrere, gegebenenfalls räumlich verschieden ausgerichtete Düsen oder ein ganzer Düsenkranz befinden. Durch eine derartige Anordnung kann mit einem einzigen, von dem Piezoschwiriger erzeugten Hub eine Flächenbepunktung erreicht werden (vgl. Fig. 2a, b und c).Another advantageous embodiment for dotting with liquid or suspended lubricant consists in the use of platelet-shaped or planar transducers which work according to the piezoelectric principle and which are preferably mounted concentrically above the entrance of the channels; at the end of the channels there are again tapered exits openings. In a preferred embodiment, the piezoplate is horizontally concentric with the vertically leading channel. The piezoplates lie in or on a chamber for receiving the lubricant liquid or suspension. Several channels can lead away from a common chamber, which in turn is connected to a common liquid supply. For example, a planar oscillator (piezo plate) can simultaneously generate a pressure wave in several channels that adjoin the same distribution chamber. A further advantageous, structurally simplified embodiment includes a powerful planar oscillator in the chamber and a channel extending from the chamber, which preferably runs vertically to the planar oscillator, at the end of which there are several, possibly spatially differently oriented nozzles or an entire nozzle ring. By means of such an arrangement, a single surface stroke can be achieved with a single stroke generated by the piezo-arm (cf. FIGS. 2a, b and c).
Bei Hochleistungs-Tablettiermaschinen läuft der Oberstempel oder der Unterstempel mit der Matrize in wenigen Millisekunden am Bepunktungssystem vorbei. Trotzdem kann ein Kanal, der mit einer Tropfenfrequenz von einigen KHz arbeitet, während dieser Zeitdauer nicht nur einen, sondern eine ganze Reihe von Schmiermitteltröpfchen abgeben. Die Ansteuerung des Bepunktungssystems, bestehend aus einer größeren Anzahl von Kanälen mit Austrittsöffnungen, kann dergestalt erfolgen, daß alle Kanäle beim Auftauchen der Formwerkzeuge gleichzeitig sprühen oder je nach deren geometrischer Anordnung zeitlich versetzt nacheinander. Außerdem ist es möglich, die Tröpfchenfrequenz der Kanäle, je nachdem, welcher Bereich der Formwerkzeuge bepunktet werden soll, unterschiedlich zu wählen. So kann also ganz gerichtet auf spezielle Zonen der Formwerkzeuge (z.B. an die Preßzone in der Matrize, an die Gravur des Ober- oder ' Unterstempels) mehr Schmiermittel aufgebracht werden als an weniger beanspruchten. Schließlich besteht die Möglichkeit, die Kanäle, welche die Matrizenwand bepunkten, mit einer anderen Schmiermittellösung zu beschicken als die Kanäle, die für das Bepunkten der Stempeloberflächen vorgesehen nind.In the case of high-performance tableting machines, the upper punch or the lower punch with the die pass the dot system in a few milliseconds. Nevertheless, a channel that operates with a drop frequency of a few kHz can emit not just one but a whole series of lubricant droplets during this period. The control of the dotting system, consisting of a larger number of channels with outlet openings, can be carried out in such a way that all channels spray at the same time when the molds appear or, depending on their geometrical arrangement, in succession at different times. It is also possible to choose the droplet frequency of the channels differently, depending on which area of the molding tools is to be dotted. In this way, more lubricant can be applied to special zones of the molds (e.g. to the pressing zone in the die, to the engraving of the upper or lower punch) than to less stressed ones. Finally, there is the option of using a channel to puncture the die wall other lubricant solution than the channels that are intended for the puncturing of the stamp surfaces.
Um die durch Piezowandler erzeugten Tröpfchen gezielt an die gewünschten Oberflächen der Formwerkzeuge zu bringen, ist es in manchen Fällen von Vorteil, diese nach Verlassen der Austrittsöffnungen durch Anlegung einer elektrischen Spannung aufzuladen, um sie anschließend durch elektrostatische Ablenkung in ihrer Bahn gezielt zu steuern. Diese Steuerung läßt sich mit gebräuchlichen Mitteln durchführen, beispielsweise nach dem Prinzip der Kathodenstrahlablenkung in einer Fernsehröhre.In order to bring the droplets generated by piezo transducers specifically to the desired surfaces of the molds, it is advantageous in some cases to charge them after exiting the outlet openings by applying an electrical voltage in order to then control them in their path by electrostatic deflection. This control can be carried out using conventional means, for example on the principle of cathode ray deflection in a television tube.
Die piezokeramischen Körper können auch als Ventile zum Einsatz kommen, wenn man die Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension mit Druck dem Schwinger bzw. Wandler zuführt, der sich je nach Ansteuerung öffnet oder schließt. Beim Ansteuern öffnet sich kurzfristig beispielsweise eine schlitzförmige öffnung in einem, die Flüssigkeit unter Druck enthaltenden Kanal, durch die das Füllgut in Tropfenform abgegeben wird; die öffnung kann in dem Schwinger selbst, der als Ventil den unter Druck stehenden Raum schließt, oder in der Randzone zwischen dem Schwinger und dem die Wände des Kanals bildenden Material angebracht sein. Dieser Vorgang ist auch in umgekehrter Weise möglich, bei Ansteuerung verschließt der Schwinger den unter Druck stehenden Raum.The piezoceramic bodies can also be used as valves if the lubricant liquid or suspension is supplied with pressure to the oscillator or transducer, which opens or closes depending on the control. When actuated, for example, a slot-shaped opening opens briefly in a channel containing the liquid under pressure, through which the filling material is released in the form of drops; the opening can be made in the transducer itself, which closes the pressurized space as a valve, or in the edge zone between the transducer and the material forming the walls of the channel. This process is also possible in the opposite way; when actuated, the oscillator closes the pressurized space.
Die zur Bepunktung notwendigen Tropfen lassen sich auch nach dem sogenannten Hochdruckverfahren erzeugen; bei dem Hochdruckverfahren wird die Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension unter hohem Druck durch eine oder mehrere enge Düsen gepreßt. Der hohe Druck wird beispielsweise durch eine Pumpe erzeugt. Unmittelbar nach Verlassen der Düse zerfällt die Flüssigkeit in feine, gleichmäßig große Tröpfchen, die anschließend durch eine Ladeelektrode aufgeladen werden; die elektrisch geladenen Tröpfchen werden elektrostatisch an die gewünschten Stellen der Preßwerkzeuge abgelenkt (vgl. Fig. 3).The drops required for the spotting can also be produced using the so-called high-pressure process; in the high pressure process, the lubricant liquid or suspension is forced under high pressure through one or more narrow nozzles. The high pressure is generated, for example, by a pump. Immediately after leaving the nozzle, the liquid disintegrates into fine, uniformly sized droplets, which are then charged by a charging electrode; the electrically charged Droplets are deflected electrostatically to the desired locations on the pressing tools (cf. FIG. 3 ).
Die Hochdruckdüse kann sich auch konzentrisch in der Mitte eines mit Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension angefüllten Röhrchens befinden. Die Austrittsöffnung der Hochdruckdüse befindet sich knapp unterhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels des Schmiermittels. Aus der Hochdruckdüse tritt eine Träger-oder Transportflüssigkeit als Strahl aus, der bis zu 50 % der ihn umgebenden Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension mitreißt. Dieser unter hohem Druck stehende Flüssigkeitsstrahl aus Träger- und Schmiermittelflüssigkeit zerfällt unmittelbar .nach Verlassen der düsenförmigen Öffnung des Röhrchens in gleichmäßige Tröpfchen, die nach elektrischer Aufladung elektrostatisch in Richtung auf die zu bepunktenden Stellen der Preßwerkzeuge abgelenkt werden. Als Transportflüssigkeit eignen sich z.B. Wasser, Alkohole, wie Äthanol, oder Glykol, Glycerin. Der Durchmesser der Transportdüse beträgt z.B. 1o pm, der Durchmesser des umgebenden Röhrchens 2 mm. Es können mit dieser Anordnung auch grobe Schmiermittelsuspensionen ver- :punktet werden (vgl. Fig. 4).The high pressure nozzle can also be located concentrically in the middle of a tube filled with lubricant liquid or suspension. The outlet opening of the high-pressure nozzle is located just below the liquid level of the lubricant. A carrier or transport liquid emerges from the high-pressure nozzle as a jet, which entrains up to 50% of the lubricant liquid or suspension surrounding it. This liquid jet of carrier and lubricant liquid, which is under high pressure, disintegrates immediately after leaving the nozzle-shaped opening of the tube into uniform droplets, which after electrostatic charging are electrostatically deflected in the direction of the points of the pressing tools to be punctured. Suitable transport liquids are e.g. Water, alcohols, such as ethanol, or glycol, glycerin. The diameter of the transport nozzle is e.g. 1o pm, the diameter of the surrounding
Die durch das vorstehend beschriebene Hochdrucksystem erzeugten Tröpfchen haben beispielsweise einen Durchmesser von 20 µm. Diese Tröpfchen können gewünschtenfalls durch das Anlegen eines starken elektrischen Feldes von beispielsweise 500 bis 1000 Volt weiter aufgeteilt werden; auch diese feineren, aufgeladenen Tröpfchen lassen sich durch elektrostatische Ablenkung für die gezielte Bepunktung der Preßwerkzeuge einsetzen.The droplets generated by the high-pressure system described above have a diameter of 20 μm, for example. If desired, these droplets can be further divided by applying a strong electric field of, for example, 500 to 1000 volts; These finer, charged droplets can also be used by electrostatic deflection for the targeted dotting of the pressing tools.
Bei Hochleistungstablettiermaschinen kann es aber auch von Vorteil sein, daß die diskreten Schmiermitteltröpfchen auf ihrem Weg zu den Formwerkzeugen durch einen gerichteten und dosierten Luftstrom beschleunigt werden. Dieser gerichtete Luftstrom läßt sich beispielsweise leicht einer an ein Druckluftsystem angeschlossenen kontaktgesteuerten Düse entnehmen.In high-performance tabletting machines, however, it can also be advantageous for the discrete lubricant droplets to be accelerated on their way to the molds by a directed and metered air flow. This directed air flow can be easily extracted, for example, from a contact-controlled nozzle connected to a compressed air system.
Das Bepunktungssystem kann überall vor dem Füllschuh und hinter der Ausstoßvorrichtung einer Tablettiermaschine angebracht werden. Besonders zweckmäßig ist es jedoch, die Öffnung des Bepunktungssystems etwa 1 mm über dem Revolvertisch anzuordnen, in welchem sich die Matrizen befinden, so daß man direkt von oben in die aus Matrizenbohrung und aktiver Fläche der Unterstempel gebildeten "Becher" hineinpunkten kann. Es ist sogar möglich, direkt in den Spalt zwischen Matrize und Unterstempel hineinzupunkten.The dot system can be installed anywhere in front of the filling shoe and behind the ejection device of a tableting machine. It is particularly expedient, however, to arrange the opening of the dot system approximately 1 mm above the revolver table in which the matrices are located, so that one can point directly into the "cup" formed from the die bore and the active surface of the lower punches. It is even possible to point directly into the gap between the die and the lower punch.
Das Steuersignal für die Auslösung des intermittierenden und präzis gerichteten Punktens wird z.B. mit Hilfe von Photozellen, oder induktiven oder kapazitiven Annäherungsschaltern erhalten.The control signal for triggering the intermittent and precisely directed point is e.g. with the help of photocells, or inductive or capacitive proximity switches.
Neben Schmiermittellösungen und -suspensionen können sogar Schmiermittelschmelzen eingesetzt werden, wenn der Verteilerkopf durch eine eingebaute Heizplatte auf die entsprechende Temperatur erwärmt wird. Beheizter Vorratsbehälter und Schlauch sorgen für den Transport des Schmiermittels an den Sprühkopf.In addition to lubricant solutions and suspensions, even lubricant melts can be used if the distributor head is heated to the appropriate temperature by a built-in heating plate. Heated reservoir and hose ensure the lubricant is transported to the spray head.
Alle Schmiermittel-Flüssigkeiten werden vorteilhafterweise über ein geeignetes kleines Filter zu den Kanälen geleitet.All lubricant liquids are advantageously passed to the channels via a suitable small filter.
Die Figuren 1 bis 4 sollen in beispielhafter Weise schematisch einige mögliche Vorrichtungen zum Bepunkten von Formwerkzeugen mit flüssigen oder suspendierten Schmiermitteln verdeutlichen.Figures 1 to 4 are intended to illustrate schematically some possible devices for dotting molds with liquid or suspended lubricants in an exemplary manner.
Die Figur 1 zeigt schematisch im Querschnitt ein Bepunktungssystem mit piezoelektrischen Wandlern (1), die jeweils einen Düsenkanal (8) umhüllen; der Düsenkanal endet in einer Verjüngung (7); die einzelnen Verjüngungen (7) stehen an entsprechenden Öffnungen einer Austrittsdüsenplatte (6) an, wobei die durch die Verjüngungen (7) und die Öffnungen der Austrittsplatte (6) gebildeten Düsen bei Betätigung der Vorrichtung Flüssigkeitströpfchen (5) abgeben. Der Düsenkanal (8) ist über einen verjüngten Flüssigkeitskanal (9) an eine Flüssigkeitsverteilerkammer (2) angeschlossen. Die Verteilerkammer (2) iweist einen Entlüftungskanal (10) auf; die Verteilerkammer list über eine Filterplatte (4) mit einem Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter (3) verbunden. Die elektrische Ansteuerung der piezoelektrischen Wandler erfolgt über Kontakte (11).FIG. 1 shows schematically in cross section a point system with piezoelectric transducers (1), each of which envelops a nozzle channel (8); the nozzle channel ends in a taper (7); the individual tapers (7) are in contact with corresponding openings in an outlet nozzle plate (6), the nozzles formed by the tapers (7) and the openings in the outlet plate (6) emitting liquid droplets (5) when the device is actuated. The nozzle channel (8) is connected to a liquid distribution chamber (2) via a tapered liquid channel (9). The distribution chamber (2) has a ventilation channel (10); the distributor chamber is connected to a liquid reservoir (3) via a filter plate (4). The piezoelectric transducers are electrically controlled via contacts (11).
Die Figuren 2a, 2b und 2c zeigen Querschnitte durch verschieden konstruierte Bepunktungsköpfe mit planaren, nach dem piezoelektrischen Prinzip arbeitenden Wandlern. Hierbei ist (1) ein planarer piezoelektrischer Wandler mit Kontakten (11) zur elektrischen Ansteuerung. Der planare piezoelektrische Wandler liegt in einer Flüssigkeitskammer (12), die über die Flüssigkeitsleitung (13) mit einem Vorratsbehälter verbunden ist. Von der Kammer (12) geht ein oder mehrere Düsenkanäle (18) ab, deren Verjüngungen (17) an einer Austrittsdüsenplatte (6) enden; (5) stellen die freigesetzten Flüssigkeitströpfchen dar.FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show cross sections through differently designed dotting heads with planar transducers working according to the piezoelectric principle. Here, (1) is a planar piezoelectric transducer with contacts (11) for electrical control. The planar piezoelectric transducer lies in a liquid chamber (12) which is connected to a storage container via the liquid line (13). One or more nozzle channels (18), whose tapered ends (17) end at an outlet nozzle plate (6), leave the chamber (12); (5) represent the released liquid droplets.
Die Figur 3 beschreibt schematisch einen Querschnitt durch ein sogenanntes Hochdruckbepunktungssystem. Aus einem Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter (21) wird mittels Pumpe (22) durch ein Filter (23) Flüssigkeit in die Düse (24) gepreßt. Der an der Düse (24) freigesetzte Flüssigkeitsstrahl (27) zerfällt in Tropfen (28), die durch einen Tropfenaufladering (25) elektrisch geladen und mittels einer Ablenkplatte (26) in einem elektrischen Feld abgelenkt werden. Der abgelenkte Flüssigkeitstropfen (29) bepunktet die Preßwerkzeuge. Die übrigen Tropfen (29) werden durch eine Absaugelektrode (100) angezogen und gesammelt und über die Leitung (110) wieder in den Behälter (21) zurückgeführt. |FIG. 3 schematically describes a cross section through a so-called high-pressure spotting system. Liquid is pressed into a nozzle (24) from a liquid storage container (21) by means of a pump (22) through a filter (23). The liquid jet (27) released at the nozzle (24) breaks down into drops (28) which are charged electrically by a drop charging ring (25) and deflected in an electrical field by means of a deflection plate (26). The deflected liquid drop (29) points to the pressing tools. The remaining drops (29) are attracted and collected by a suction electrode (100) and returned to the container (21) via the line (110). |
Die Figur 4 stellt einen Querschnitt durch ein Hochdruckbepunktungssystem dar, bei welchem das Schmiermittel durch eine Transportflüssigkeit befördert wird. Der Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter (31) enthält die Transportflüssigkeit, die durch die Pumpe (32) durch ein Filter (33) in die Düse (34) gepreßt wird. Das Röhrchen (30) enthält die Schmiermittelflüssigkeit oder -suspension, die an der Düse (34a) durch den Strahl (37) der an der Düse (30) freigesetzten Transportflüssigkeit mitgerissen wird; der vereinigte Strahl (37) zerfällt in Tropfen (38), die durch den Tropfenaufladering (35) elektrisch geladen werden. Die Tropfen (38) werden beim Pausieren der Ablenkplatten (36) elektrostatisch in die gewünschte Richtung abgelenkt, wobei die abgelenkten Tropfen :(39) die Preßwerkzeuge an bestimmten Stellen bepunkten. Die nichtabgelenkten Tropfen werden durch eine Absaugelektrode (100) entfernt.FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a high-pressure spotting system in which the lubricant is conveyed by a transport liquid. The liquid storage container (31) contains the transport liquid which is pressed by the pump (32) through a filter (33) into the nozzle (34). The tube (30) contains the lubricant liquid or suspension which is entrained on the nozzle (34a) by the jet (37) of the transport liquid released at the nozzle (30); the combined jet (37) decays into drops (38) which are charged electrically by the drop charging ring (35). The drops (38) are deflected electrostatically in the desired direction when the baffle plates (36) are paused, the deflected drops: (39) dotting the pressing tools at certain points. The undeflected drops are removed by a suction electrode (100).
Insgesamt sind folgende Vorteile dieses Bepunktungssystems hervorzuheben:
- Das System bei Verwendung von Piezoschwingern arbeitet ohne jegliche Mechanik und ist daher praktisch keinem Verschleiß unterworfen. Selbst der Zufluß der zu verpunktenden Flüssigkeit erfolgt selbständig infolge der Kapillarkräfte der Kanäle. Die Tröpfchenbildung ist stabil und von höchster Präzision, unabhängig davon, ob einige Hundert oder 15 000 Tröpfchen je Sekunde vom Kanal abgegeben werden.
- The system when using piezo transducers works without any mechanics and is therefore subject to practically no wear. Even the inflow of the liquid to be spotted occurs independently due to the capillary forces of the channels. The droplet formation is stable and of the highest precision, irrespective of whether a few hundred or 15,000 droplets are released from the channel per second.
Der Kopf zur Bepunktung ist so dimensioniert, daß er auch an der kleinsten Tablettenpresse bzw. Kapselmaschine angebracht werden kann.The head for spotting is dimensioned so that it can also be attached to the smallest tablet press or capsule machine.
Der Kopf kann so ausgerichtet werden, daß er nach allen gewünschten Richtungen die Tröpfchen abgibt.The head can be aligned so that it releases the droplets in all desired directions.
;Der Kopf gibt nur Tröpfchen gleichen Gewichtes ab im Gegensatz zu einer Ein- oder Zweistoffdüse mit einer Tröpfchenverteilungen zwischen Nebel und groben Tropfen.; The head only emits droplets of the same weight in contrast to a one or two-substance nozzle with a droplet distribution between mist and coarse drops.
Bei den beschriebenen Bepunktungssystemen ist hervorzuheben die schnelle und exakte Arbeitsweise, sie sind für alle bis jetzt bekannten schnelllaufenden Tablettenpressen geeignet.In the case of the dot systems described, the fast and precise method of working is to be emphasized; they are suitable for all high-speed tablet presses known to date.
Die Abgabe der Schmierflüssigkeit oder -suspension kann in weniger als einer Millisekunde erfolgen. Die Abgabemengen sind konstant. Die Applizierung des Schmiermittels erfolgt exakt an den Stellen der Werkzeuge, wo das Schmiermittel unbedingt zum Einsatz kommen muß. Die bis jetzt bekannten Systeme, z.B. Versprühen von Schmiermittelflüssigkeiten aus einer Düse, erzeugen Tröpfchenverteilungen zwischen Nebel und groben Tropfen, wobei die groben Tropfen eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Schmiermittels verhindern und der Nebel zu einer Verschmutzung des Preßtellers bzw. der Tablettenmaschine führt. Mit Hilfe der bisher bekannten Systeme war es auch nicht möglich, gezielt an die besonders beanspruchten Zonen der Preßwerkzeuge in reproduzierbarer Weise mehr Schmiermittel aufzubringen als an weniger beanspruchten Stellen.The lubricant or suspension can be dispensed in less than a millisecond. The delivery quantities are constant. The lubricant is applied precisely at the points of the tools where the lubricant must be used. The systems known up to now, e.g. Spraying lubricant liquids from a nozzle creates droplet distributions between mist and coarse drops, the coarse drops preventing an even distribution of the lubricant and the mist leading to contamination of the press plate or the tablet machine. With the help of the previously known systems, it was also not possible to apply more lubricant in a reproducible manner specifically to the particularly stressed zones of the pressing tools than in less stressed areas.
40 kg Indomethacin, 159 kg Milchzucker, 200 kg Maisstärke, 14 kg kolloidale Kieselsäure und 6 kg Polyvinylpyrrolidon werden nach intensiver Mischung in üblicher Weise granuliert; hierzu wird eine wäßrige Lösung von 10 kg löslicher Stärke eingesetzt.40 kg of indomethacin, 159 kg of milk sugar, 200 kg of corn starch, 14 kg of colloidal silica and 6 kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone are granulated in the usual manner after intensive mixing; an aqueous solution of 10 kg soluble starch is used for this.
Das Granulat wird in einer Doppelrundläuferpresse mit einer Leistung von 220 000 Tabletten/h verpreßt, wobei die Matrizenwand und die aktiven Stempeloberflächen mittels eines mit halbgesättigter Lösung von Glycerinmonostearat in Äthanol gefüllten piezokeramisch arbeitenden Bepunktungssystems bepunktet werden. Dabei arbeiten die 24 Röhrchen mit einer Frequenz von 10 Tröpfchen je Millisekunde, wobei sich die Preßwerkzeuge im Vorbeilauf für ca. 5 Millisekunden bepunkten lassen. Das Tröpfchengewicht liegt bei ca. 0,0006 mg. Die maximal erreichbare Bruchfestigkeit bei der angegebenen Tablettiergeschwindigkeit ist um 35 % höher im Vergleich zu Tabletten mit 1,0 % Magnesiumstearat im Granulat.The granules are pressed in a double rotary press at a rate of 220,000 tablets / h, the die wall and the active stamp surfaces being scored using a piezoceramic dot system filled with semi-saturated solution of glycerol monostearate in ethanol. The 24 tubes work at a frequency of 10 droplets per millisecond, and the pressing tools can be dotted in passing for about 5 milliseconds. The droplet weight is approximately 0.0006 mg. The maximum achievable breaking strength at the specified tableting speed is 35% higher compared to tablets with 1.0% magnesium stearate in the granulate.
Aus einem Wirkstoff A, Milchzucker, Maisstärke und kolloidaler Kieselsäure wird eine Pulvermischung für Hartgelatine-Steckkapseln hergestellt. Ca. 1 mm unterhalb des vorbeilaufenden Füllrohres einer Kapselfüllmaschine wird eine Bepunktungseinrichtung angebracht. Oberhalb des Flüssigkeitskanales dieser Vorrichtung befindet sich ein planarer Piezoschwinger; das Ende des Kanales wird von einer Düsenplatte mit 42 Bohrungen von 0,06 mm Durchmesser verschlossen. Während einer Millisekunde werden 0,1 mg einer 5%igen alkoholischen Magnesiumstearatsuspension in das Innere des vorbeilaufenden Füllrohres abgegeben. Die geprüfte in vitro-Freigabe des Wirkstoffes aus dieser Kapsel war gegenüber einer nach herkömmlicher Technologie hergestellten Kapsel. (mit 2% Magnesiumstearat im Granulat) wesentlich schneller (90 % WirkstoffFreisetzung in 10 statt 35 Minuten).A powder mixture for hard gelatin capsules is made from an active ingredient A, milk sugar, corn starch and colloidal silica. Approx. A dotting device is attached 1 mm below the passing filling tube of a capsule filling machine. A planar piezo oscillator is located above the liquid channel of this device; the end of the channel is closed by a nozzle plate with 42 holes with a diameter of 0.06 mm. During a millisecond, 0.1 mg of a 5% alcoholic magnesium stearate suspension is released into the inside of the filling tube that passes by. The tested in vitro release of the active ingredient from this capsule was compared to a capsule manufactured using conventional technology. (with 2% magnesium stearate in the granulate) much faster (90% active ingredient release in 10 instead of 35 minutes).
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT79104448T ATE3012T1 (en) | 1978-11-15 | 1979-11-12 | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DOTTING OF MOLDING TOOLS USING DISCRETE DROPS OF LIQUID OR SUSPENDED LUBRICANTS DURING THE MANUFACTURE OF MOLDINGS IN THE PHARMA, FOOD OR CATALYST INDUSTRY. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782849496 DE2849496A1 (en) | 1977-04-20 | 1978-11-15 | Treating moulding tools with lubricant droplets - generated e.g. in a piezoelectric oscillator, for use in pharmaceutical, food and catalyst prod. |
DE2849496 | 1978-11-15 | ||
DE19792932069 DE2932069A1 (en) | 1979-08-08 | 1979-08-08 | Treating moulding tools with lubricant droplets - generated e.g. in a piezoelectric oscillator, for use in pharmaceutical, food and catalyst prod. |
DE2932069 | 1979-08-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0011269A1 true EP0011269A1 (en) | 1980-05-28 |
EP0011269B1 EP0011269B1 (en) | 1983-04-13 |
Family
ID=25776482
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79104448A Expired EP0011269B1 (en) | 1978-11-15 | 1979-11-12 | Method and apparatus for dotting moulding devices by means of discrete droplets of a liquid or suspended lubricant during the manufacture of moulded objects in the pharmaceutical, food or catalytic field |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4388343A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0011269B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU536460B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7907431A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1159621A (en) |
DD (1) | DD146890A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2965223D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES485764A1 (en) |
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EP0122519A2 (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1984-10-24 | Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH | Method and apparatus for dotting moulding devices by means of droplets of a liquid or suspended lubricant during the manufacture of moulded objects in the pharmaceutical, food or catalytic field |
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DE3811260A1 (en) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-26 | Thomae Gmbh Dr K | TARGETED DELIVERY OF DOSED AMOUNTS OF FINE DISTRIBUTED SOLIDS WITH VENTURI NOZZLE AND CONTROLLED CONTROL |
EP0379912A2 (en) * | 1989-01-26 | 1990-08-01 | Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH | Method for coating forming tools in tabletting machines |
EP0472479A1 (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-02-26 | I.P.S. Industrie des Poudres Sphériques S.A. | Ultrasonic device for the continuous production of particulates |
EP0590165A1 (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-06 | Schablonentechnik Kufstein Aktiengesellschaft | Electrostatic nozzle, in particular for injecting high-viscosity liquids |
WO1995018595A1 (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1995-07-13 | Voss Gunter M | Process for producing tablets |
WO1995026236A1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-05 | Zeneca Limited | Aqueous ophthalmic sprays |
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US8733935B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2014-05-27 | Corinthian Ophthalmic, Inc. | Method and system for performing remote treatment and monitoring |
US9087145B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2015-07-21 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Ophthalmic drug delivery |
US10154923B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2018-12-18 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Drop generating device |
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US2512743A (en) * | 1946-04-01 | 1950-06-27 | Rca Corp | Jet sprayer actuated by supersonic waves |
FR2132840A1 (en) * | 1971-04-08 | 1972-11-24 | Masuda Senichi | |
FR2253570A1 (en) * | 1973-12-05 | 1975-07-04 | Olivetti & Co Spa | |
DE2812677A1 (en) * | 1978-03-23 | 1979-10-04 | Gunter M Voss | Moulding tool coating system - sprays lubricant onto working surfaces intermittently and briefly before each compression operation |
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US3011213A (en) * | 1958-02-19 | 1961-12-05 | Magnetics Inc | Apparatus for lubricating mold cavities |
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US3281860A (en) * | 1964-11-09 | 1966-10-25 | Dick Co Ab | Ink jet nozzle |
CH506352A (en) * | 1969-04-18 | 1971-04-30 | Buehler Ag Geb | Method and device for applying release agents or lubricants to metal molds |
US3717875A (en) * | 1971-05-04 | 1973-02-20 | Little Inc A | Method and apparatus for directing the flow of liquid droplets in a stream and instruments incorporating the same |
US3960324A (en) * | 1974-01-10 | 1976-06-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for generation of multiple uniform fluid filaments |
GB1500908A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1978-02-15 | Ici Ltd | Process for production of drop streams |
US4153467A (en) * | 1974-09-03 | 1979-05-08 | Dai Nippon Toryo Co., Ltd. | Method of ink jet printing |
US4047866A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1977-09-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Automatic self-lubricating rotary tablet press |
US4138687A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1979-02-06 | The Mead Corporation | Apparatus for producing multiple uniform fluid filaments and drops |
US4188635A (en) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-02-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ink jet printing head |
-
1979
- 1979-11-07 ES ES485764A patent/ES485764A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-12 DE DE7979104448T patent/DE2965223D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-12 EP EP79104448A patent/EP0011269B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-12 DD DD79216831A patent/DD146890A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-14 BR BR7907431A patent/BR7907431A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-15 CA CA000339927A patent/CA1159621A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-11-15 AU AU52856/79A patent/AU536460B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1981
- 1981-11-30 US US06/326,168 patent/US4388343A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US2512743A (en) * | 1946-04-01 | 1950-06-27 | Rca Corp | Jet sprayer actuated by supersonic waves |
FR2132840A1 (en) * | 1971-04-08 | 1972-11-24 | Masuda Senichi | |
FR2253570A1 (en) * | 1973-12-05 | 1975-07-04 | Olivetti & Co Spa | |
DE2812677A1 (en) * | 1978-03-23 | 1979-10-04 | Gunter M Voss | Moulding tool coating system - sprays lubricant onto working surfaces intermittently and briefly before each compression operation |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0122519A2 (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1984-10-24 | Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH | Method and apparatus for dotting moulding devices by means of droplets of a liquid or suspended lubricant during the manufacture of moulded objects in the pharmaceutical, food or catalytic field |
EP0122519A3 (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1986-02-05 | Dr. Karl Thomae Gmbh | Method and apparatus for dotting moulding devices by means of droplets of a liquid or suspended lubricant during the manufacture of moulded objects in the pharmaceutical, food or catalytic field |
GB2177623A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1987-01-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ultrasonic atomiser |
GB2192935A (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-01-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ultrasonic atomiser |
FR2601889A1 (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-01-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | ULTRASONIC SPRAY INSTALLATION |
GB2192935B (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1990-03-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ultrasonic atomiser |
DE3811260A1 (en) * | 1988-04-02 | 1989-10-26 | Thomae Gmbh Dr K | TARGETED DELIVERY OF DOSED AMOUNTS OF FINE DISTRIBUTED SOLIDS WITH VENTURI NOZZLE AND CONTROLLED CONTROL |
EP0379912A2 (en) * | 1989-01-26 | 1990-08-01 | Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH | Method for coating forming tools in tabletting machines |
EP0379912A3 (en) * | 1989-01-26 | 1991-07-31 | Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH | Method for coating forming tools in tabletting machines |
EP0472479A1 (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-02-26 | I.P.S. Industrie des Poudres Sphériques S.A. | Ultrasonic device for the continuous production of particulates |
EP0590165A1 (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-06 | Schablonentechnik Kufstein Aktiengesellschaft | Electrostatic nozzle, in particular for injecting high-viscosity liquids |
WO1995018595A1 (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1995-07-13 | Voss Gunter M | Process for producing tablets |
WO1995026236A1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-05 | Zeneca Limited | Aqueous ophthalmic sprays |
EP0678337A1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-25 | Zeneca Limited | Aqueous opthalmic sprays |
US5630793A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1997-05-20 | Zeneca Limited | Aqueous ophthalmic sprays |
AU693871B2 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1998-07-09 | Astrazeneca Ab | Aqueous ophthalmic sprays |
US10073949B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2018-09-11 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Ophthalmic drug delivery |
US8733935B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2014-05-27 | Corinthian Ophthalmic, Inc. | Method and system for performing remote treatment and monitoring |
US9087145B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2015-07-21 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Ophthalmic drug delivery |
US8684980B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2014-04-01 | Corinthian Ophthalmic, Inc. | Drop generating device |
US10154923B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2018-12-18 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Drop generating device |
US10839960B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2020-11-17 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Ophthalmic drug delivery |
US11011270B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2021-05-18 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Drop generating device |
US11398306B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2022-07-26 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Ophthalmic drug delivery |
US10639194B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2020-05-05 | Eyenovia, Inc. | High modulus polymeric ejector mechanism, ejector device, and methods of use |
US10646373B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2020-05-12 | Eyenovia, Inc. | Ejector mechanism, ejector device, and methods of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2965223D1 (en) | 1983-05-19 |
AU536460B2 (en) | 1984-05-10 |
US4388343A (en) | 1983-06-14 |
BR7907431A (en) | 1980-08-05 |
EP0011269B1 (en) | 1983-04-13 |
DD146890A5 (en) | 1981-03-11 |
ES485764A1 (en) | 1980-10-01 |
CA1159621A (en) | 1984-01-03 |
AU5285679A (en) | 1980-05-22 |
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