DE7818838U1 - MACHINE FOR CRUSHING WASTE MATERIALS - Google Patents

Description

"Crushing plant"

The invention relates to a shredding plant, in particular for shredding waste materials with it counter-rotating bodies of revolution, between which the material to be shredded passes.

In such crushing plants, the rotating bodies rotate with about 20 to 100 revolutions per minute (slow runner). The shredding of the material will be so not, as with so-called fast runners, because of the Speed of the shredding tools, but due to the special design of the shredding system achieved. The waste materials to be shredded are in particular paper, cardboard, plastics, foams, vehicle tires, Wood, sheet metal packaging, textiles, etc. are in question.

The shredding of such waste materials takes place for purposes of reuse, volume reduction and / or Obscuring.

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For the comminution of materials with the most varied of initial dimensions down to the desired granulate size were previously structurally complex and thus expensive to manufacture and, moreover, very susceptible to wear Crushing systems, sometimes with several different types of machine units, are required. The susceptibility to wear reduces the profitability of operating such crushing plants, quite considerably, so that in particular, comminution for the purpose of reusing the waste materials for reasons of cost is frequent was uninteresting.

The object of the present invention is to create a new shredding plant of the generic type which with little constructive effort and in particular a comparatively low susceptibility to wear and tear Relatively bulky starting materials as well as pre-shredded goods in a maximum of only two stages to form granules can be crushed to the desired grain size. The aim of the invention is therefore first of all with as much as possible few, possibly only one shredding stage, and these shredding stages themselves especially wear-free and therefore with a long service life.

This object is achieved by a shredding machine with at least two parallel shafts on each of which a plurality of rotating bodies designed as cutting disks, provided with cutting edges on the circumference, and between the Cutting disks each with separate spacer bodies with a smaller diameter can be exchanged, but arranged in such a way that they are non-rotatable are that the cutting disks of adjacent shafts cooperate in that the cutting disks rotate in pairs at least temporarily touch on one side in the area of their mutually facing cutting edges, while the

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catch surfaces of the associated, mutually associated spacer bodies Limit the gaps for the material to be shredded through.

With the help of such a special shredding machine, relatively bulky Waste materials can be shredded quickly and effectively by interacting on one side in the cutting edge area Cutting discs cut, crush or tear the input material. Because the cutting disks each only interact on one side and the spacers have a greater axial length than the thickness of the cutting disks, the individual cutting disk spacer packages when the mutually facing cutting edge sides wear be retightened accordingly on the respective shafts. In the event of excessive wear on one side of the cutting edge a cutting disc, it is easily possible to turn it around so that the other side of the cutting edge interacts with the corresponding cutting edge side of the respective cutting disk of the adjacent shaft. Due to the special design of cutting disks and spacers, which are on the respective shafts are rotatably attachable and removable, it is therefore possible to extend the service life of such a shredding system more than to double. The axial length of the spacer between the respective cutting disks is made so that correspondingly large spaces between the pairs of cutting disks on the one hand and the peripheral surfaces of the spacers on the other hand, so that the shredded material can pass through. This way is an improved one Throughput possible with reliable shredding. The spacers can in particular with regard to their axial length can be selected to match the starting material and the desired degree of comminution, whereby

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PATENT LAWYERS

the shredding plant can be easily adapted to the various waste materials.

In practice, it has been found to be particularly effective if the cutting disks have, if necessary, notches having circular arc-shaped cutting edges are. In this case, the cutting disks assigned to one another in pairs do not touch each other in every rotational position in the area of their cutting edges, but only if the corresponding sector-shaped or segment-shaped cutting edge areas overlap and lie against each other. This circular arc-shaped cutting edges can - Except for an improved material intake - it is achieved in particular that materials are not around the spacers wrap, but be loosened again and again.

In this context, it has proven to be particularly useful to have arc-shaped cutting edges on one and the same cutting disk Provide different circumferential length, as in this way an irregular interaction of the pairs assigned cutting disks takes place in their cutting edge area.

The circumferential lengths of the circular arc-shaped cutting edges expediently correspond to a central angle between 20 and 80, preferably 40 to 70 °.

In order to further promote the deliberately irregular interaction of the cutting disks in the respective cutting edge area, the cutting disks can be arranged angularly offset to one another on a shaft.

It is also particularly advantageous to drive the adjacent shafts asynchronously, either directly or indirectly,

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to ensure even wear of the cutting edges on the To ensure cutting discs.

The spacers are preferably at least on their end facing the associated cutting disk in their Cross-section of the circumferential shape of the associated cutting disk customized. In this way, namely, the respective cutting disks can be replaced by the one currently in use Cutting edge side opposite side are effectively back-fed, in such a way that the cutting disks even in their cutting edge areas, the spacers protrude only slightly radially, so that for the cutting disks Through hardened material, preferably hardened steel, can be used, which in the absence of support because of the high axial stress on the cutting disks, especially in the radially outer cutting edge areas not possible.

Around the desired gaps for the shredded material to pass through with a given cutting disc diameter To keep it as large as possible, the spacers can be conical.

For the same reason, the spacers are preferably arranged on adjacent shafts so that they are taper in the opposite axial direction.

The spacers can also preferably according to the number of circular arc-shaped cutting edges of the cutting disks be polygonal, e.g. hexagonal, in cross-section on the outside, which means the conveyance of the shredded material and the freedom. the gaps guaranteed.

The material intake in the shredding system according to the invention can be improved in that the axes each two adjacent shafts lie in a plane that is around

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an angle of expediently not greater than 30 ° '£ ·.

is inclined with respect to the plane Sj: perpendicular to the material feed direction. For example, if the material from f

is introduced into the shredding plant at the top, I

the axes of two adjacent shafts in one plane, f>

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While the shredding system according to the invention equipped with the shredding machine explained above for If relatively bulky waste materials are intended, the problem often arises, e.g. already pre-shredded materials to bring it to an even lower grain size. This is possible if the shredding plant is after According to the invention, a granulating machine with at least two shafts arranged in one plane and at least two is equipped in a further plane, preferably parallel to the first plane, on which shafts a plurality of rotary bodies designed as granulating disks and provided with teeth on the circumference, and Between the granulating disks, separate spacer disks with a smaller diameter can be exchanged, but non-rotatably are arranged so that the granulating disks of a shaft each between the granulating disks at least one shaft lying in the same plane and at least one shaft lying in the further plane at least in one Depth, which is greater than the depth of the teeth, engage.

Such a granulating machine therefore has several in the material conveying direction one behind the other, preferably one below the other, planes in which at least two with their Granulating disks cooperating shafts are arranged. The two levels are now at such a distance from each other, that not only the granulating discs from in the

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A plane arranged shafts interact, but also in pairs equipped with granulating disks Waves of adjacent planes. For example, two shafts arranged in an upper level can have two more be assigned shafts arranged in a lower level; so practically a wave packet with in the corner points of a square lying shaft axes, the granulating disks of a shaft each between the Granulating disks of the shafts arranged in the two neighboring corners intervene. It has been shown that with one such a dense arrangement of pairs of shafts arranged in one plane each has a significantly more favorable grain size than can be achieved with two pairs of shafts arranged one behind the other at any distance, since the comminution of the material not only in the plane lying in the main conveying direction of the material, but also in one plane takes place across it. The granulating disks do not necessarily have to be equipped with cutting edges, as the Circumferential teeth due to the engagement of the respective granulating disks between two granulating disks each Neighboring shaft ensures the required size reduction. Wear of the tooth edges falls with this arrangement hardly any weight because, especially if the spacer disks are only slightly thicker than the granulating disks, the granulating disks also run tightly into one another on both sides in an area in which there are no longer any teeth is.

Especially when the serration teeth with essentially has radial flanks, the metal parts are separated from the scrap tire material during the granulation process Rubber and cord instead, so that the metal parts can later simply be removed from the granulate, e.g. by means of a magnetic roller

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can be discarded without wasting too much rubber material for reuse.

If the teeth are also radially symmetrical, the granulating disks can be used after one-sided wear of the tooth edges are easily turned over, so that then the not yet worn previous return edge of the respective Teeth for granulation is available. This also doubles the operating time of the granulating discs, as with the cutting disks of the shredding machine.

A shredding system that starts from a relatively bulky raw material and this except for a very fine-grained one Granules can be crushed with a combination of the crushing machine explained above with a downstream granulating machine can be achieved.

The comminution is divided into two comminution steps, with a comminution system in the first stage Application finds, which is particularly suitable for bulky goods, while in the second stage a Granulating system is used, which works optimally with the already pre-shredded materials. Both stages are designed to be particularly wear-resistant.

When combining a shredding machine and a granulating machine the shredding machine preferably has a sieve at the material outlet, which is attached to the Granulating machine can preferably be adapted to the grain size to be processed.

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In order to ensure that the granulating machine is fed evenly, there can be a size reduction machine and granulating machine, a material transport device, in particular a vibrator, can be provided.

To create a compact shredding system, the shredding machine and granulating machine can be combined on one be kept common machine frame with the associated additional, operating and control devices.

Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention emerge from the following Description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing. All of the described form and / or the features presented, either individually or in any meaningful combination, form the subject matter of the present invention Invention.

Show it:

Fig. 1 schematically, partially in section, a side view of a comminuting machine and granulating machine equipped crushing plant according to the invention, in particular for crushing Vehicle tires,

2 shows a plan view, shown mainly in section, of a shredding machine,

2a shows the front view of a cutting disk which can be used in the shredding machine according to FIG. 2,

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FIG. 2b shows the front view of a spacer which can be used in the shredding machine according to FIG. 2, from the tapered one Seen from the end, which in its contour facing the cutting disc to the contour the cutting disk of Fig. 2a is adapted,

Fig. 2ba to 2bc - different partial cross-sections of Fig. 2b, as indicated,

3 shows a plan view, also shown mainly in section, of a granulating machine for the one according to the invention Shredding plant.

The shredding system 1 according to FIG. 1 has a shredding machine 2 and one of these downstream granulating machines 3. The shredding machine 2 is used especially the coarse shredding of bulky material, while the granulating machine does the fine comminution or granulation of the pre-comminuted from the comminuting machine Materials takes over. Above the size reduction machine 2 there is a feed hopper 4 into which the material to be shredded is conveyed by means of a conveyor 5. The conveyor 5 is shown in FIG Embodiment of a shredding system 1 for vehicle tires designed as a Raifenlift. The tire lift has two vertically spaced chain sprockets 6, 7 over which a chain 8 runs, are attached to the projections 9, 10 at a suitable distance, of which the suspended vehicle tires individually be taken up to the level of the upper edge of the funnel 4. The vehicle tires arrive from the funnel 4 into the shredding machine 2, in which they go so far

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PATENT LAWYERS

pre-shredded v / earth that the, shredded material through a sieve 11, which is located under the shredding machine 2, can fall through. The sieve 11 can be relatively be coarse-meshed, since in this case only a pre-shredding takes place in the shredding machine 2. Below A vibrator 12 is arranged on the sieve 11, which shakes the pre-shredded material evenly into the granulating machine 3 promotes, which is located laterally below the shredding machine 2. The one from the granulating machine 3 released, granulated material falls automatically onto a second vibrator 13 located underneath, which this Material finely distributed and evenly promotes to a magnet roller 14 located underneath, which promotes the crushed Material contained steel particles, which in the present case from the steel belt of the vehicle tire originate, so that the material can be processed free of metal. The individual parts of the Crushing plant 1, in particular the funnel 4, the crushing machine 2, the sieve 11, the vibrator 12, the granulating machine 3, the vibrator 13 and the magnetic roller 14 as well as an electrical junction box 15 are mounted on or on a common machine frame 16. In the electrical distribution box 15 are all required electrical switches and control systems, which are coupled to each other so that a vote the functioning of the shredding machine 2 to which the granulating machine 3 takes place. In particular, |

Overload of the granulating machine 3 the crushing I

machine 2 is switched off and the overloaded machine is reversed at a certain number of revolutions until it frees.

According to FIG. 2, the shredding machine 2 has shafts 17 and 18 which are parallel to one another. The axes lie on a common plane 19 which is inclined at an angle 0 ( to the horizontal, as can be seen from FIG. 1, in order to improve the intake of the material to be shredded

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the shaft 17 and 18 cutting disks 20 and spacers 21 are alternately interchangeable, but attached non-rotatably. The shafts 17 and 18 are designed as hexagonal shafts in the case shown. But there can also be waves be with axially extending grooves, the corresponding inner grooves 50 of the cutting disks 20 and the spacer body 21 are assigned, in which each axially extending parallel keys engage to the connection between shaft 17, 18 and Manufacture cutting disks 20 or spacers 21. The respective arrangement of cutting disks 20 and spacers 21 on the two shafts 17 and 18 is made so that the cutting disks 20 of adjacent shafts work together, by rotating in pairs, at least temporarily, in the area of their mutually facing cutting edges Touch 24 or 25 on one side.

As shown in FIG. 2a, the cutting disks 20 have, for example, circular arc-shaped cutting edges 24 and 25 on their circumference, between which feed zones 51 which are essentially free of cutting edges remain free. In this way, the associated cutting disks 20 only touch each other temporarily, namely when and to the extent that the arcuate cutting edge section 25 of a cutting disk 20 of the shaft 17 more or less overlaps a corresponding cutting edge section 25 of the associated cutting disk 20 of the adjacent shaft 18. The circular arc-shaped cutting edges can have different circumferential lengths. The central angle p corresponding to the circumferential length of the circular arc-shaped cutting edges can vary, for example, between 20 and 80 °. The formation of feed zones 51 (not shown in FIG. 1) between the circular arc-shaped cutting edges 24, 25 is mainly used to feed the material to be shredded into the shredding machine 2, but also prevents material from being wrapped around. The cutting disk 20 shown has a central recess with grooves 50 which fit on corresponding keys for connection to the shafts 17, 18.

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The cutting disks 20 can be arranged angularly offset to one another on one and the same shaft 17 or 18, respectively. The shafts 17 and 18 are preferably driven asynchronously to one another. The spacers 21 have a smaller one Diameter and a greater axial thickness than the cutting disks 20, so that the peripheral surfaces 22 from each other opposite spacers 21 are arranged at an axial distance from each other and limit spaces 23 for the passage of the comminuted material.

Figures 2b and 2ba to 2bb illustrate how the spacers 21 in their outer circumference, in particular the side lying on the associated cutting disk 20, are adapted to the outer contour of the cutting disk 20. For example, the spacer body 2b fits the outer contour of the cutting disk 20 according to FIG. 2a, so that it Supported over a large area on the side surface 26 opposite the cutting edge 25 that is currently in effect the associated spacer body 21 in the region of the cutting edges 24, 25 is only radially on the cutting disk 20 slightly surmounted. The spacers 21 taper towards their respective opposite ends and are so arranged on the respective axes 17 and 18 that the tapered part in the opposite axial direction points, so that the spaces 23 are as large as possible. The non-circular circumferential surface 22 of the spacer body 21 prevents wrapping of material and keeping the spaces 23 free. The cooperating cutting edges 24 or 25 cut the material to be shredded to a desired size, to which the mesh size or the passage width of the sieve 11 is adapted. If necessary, the material is cut several times until it the sieve 11 can pass. According to FIG. 2, the cutting disks act with the sides facing one another

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surfaces 26 provided cutting edges 25 together. If |

those cutting edges should be worn and also a | J

Moving the disk or spacer packages together i

perfect chopping is no longer guaranteed, §

the disks 20 can be turned over so that they then F

with the facing, not yet worn cutting ^T '

edges 24 come into operative contact. ■■

The shaft 17 is in the case shown by a gear; ' motor 27, which engages at one end, is driven directly .. However, instead of this direct mechanical drive, a direct hydraulic drive or an indirect drive via a belt transmission can be provided, the latter for example in the event that the cutting unit is blocked the torque is to be compensated by metal parts or the like. Here, a torque support known per se can also be provided on the transmission, which absorbs part of the torque by pivoting the transmission plane when blocking. At the end of the shaft 17 opposite the gear, motor 27, a gear 28 is non-rotatably attached, which meshes with a gear 29 wedged onto the corresponding end of the shaft 18. Conse- ^ which is the shaft driven 18 in the opposite direction of rotation to the shaft 17, in such a way that to decompose the "'kleinemde material drawn into the interstices ^23:;.., As in the other by the arrows A and B in 1. The drive of the shafts 17 and 18 can, however, also take place asynchronously, in order to ensure even wear of the cutting disks 20 in particular with circular arc-shaped cutting edges 24, 25 and, in addition to cutting, also to tear off the material 17 and 18 can also be driven separately.

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For readjusting the cutting disks 20, bearing adjustment bushes are provided 30 provided. The fixed side plates 31 are also bearing plates in which the shafts

17 and 18 are mounted on both sides. On the side panels 31 bearing covers 32 are attached to prevent foreign objects from entering the bearings of the shafts 17 and

18 is prevented from the outside.

The granulating machine 3 according to FIG. 3 is used in the combination comminution plant 1 for subsequent or fine comminution of the pre-comminuted material coming from the comminuting machine 2 Materials. For this purpose, the granulating machine 3 has four shafts 35, 36, 37 and 38 which in the illustrated embodiment are designed as hexagonal shafts and on which granulating disks alternate 33 and spacer disks 34, which are slightly thicker than the granulating disks 33, are attached in a rotationally fixed manner are. The axes of these waves are how. can be seen from Fig. 1, in the corner points of a square, so that not only the granulating disks 33 of the parallel shafts 35 and 36 lying in the upper horizontal plane and the waves lying parallel in the lower horizontal plane

37 and 38 interlock at their periphery. Rather, the granulating disks 33 also grip vertically Parallel shafts 35 and 37 or 36 and 38 lying one above the other correspondingly one inside the other, as can be seen from FIG. The shafts 35, 36 on the one hand and the shafts 37,

38 on the other hand are each driven in such a way that the material fed in from above passes between the shafts is promoted downwards. The granulating disks 33 rotate in all four areas of interlocking, respectively in opposite directions, as shown by the arrows C, D, E and F in Fig.

1 clarifies. The material to be shredded is due to the four-shaft wave packet arrangement

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not just between the horizontally interlocking ones Granulating disks 33, but also between the vertically one above the other interlocking Granulating discs 33 comminuted, whereby an extremely fine-grained granulate can be achieved, which by Connecting two twin-shaft shaft arrangements one behind the other would not be achievable. The granulating disks 33 have on their outer circumference a set of teeth 52 made up of teeth 53 which have essentially radial side flanks 54 and are radially symmetrical. Because of this equipment, the mode of operation of the granulating disks 33 is independent of their direction of rotation, i.e. the granulating disks 33 can, if the respective front edges are worn, on the Shafts are reversed, whereby the respective not yet worn trailing edges are used. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the granulating disks assigned to one another engage more deeply in one another than it corresponds to the toothing depth of the toothing 52. In this way it can be ensured that even with a Any loosening of the disk packs do not comb the granulating disks 33. To drive the shafts 35 to 38 is a gear motor 39 is provided, on whose output shaft a gear 40 is keyed, which with a on the shaft 36 splined gear 41 and a splined on the shaft 38 gear 42 meshes. The gear 41 meshes in turn with a non-rotatably mounted on the shaft 37 gear 43, while the gear 43 with a non-rotatable mounted on the shaft 35 gear 44 meshes. Here, too, an indirect drive can again be provided. The shafts 35 to 38 are mounted in bearing bushes 45 which are located in the side walls 46 and 47 and in the intermediate wall 48 of the granulating machine 3 are located. Also are

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bearing covers 49 attached here as well. The bearing bushes 45 are adjustable so that the shafts 35 to 38 can be adjusted.

The cutting disks 20 and the granulating disks 33 as well as the spacer bodies 21 and the spacer disks 34 can preferably made of hard or hardened steel.

Claims (20)

ilko -: - ·· ME1RTENS & KEIL - 18 - PATE N TA NWA UTE 4 η Bsr-a ~ - e / Claims 1. Shredding plant, especially for shredding waste material, with counter-rotating Bodies of revolution, between which the to be shredded Material runs through it, characterized by a shredding machine (2) with at least two parallel Shafts (17, 18) on each of which several, designed as cutting disks (20), with cutting edges on the circumference (24, 25) provided rotary bodies and between the cutting disks (20) each with a separate diameter smaller spacers (21) are interchangeable, but non-rotatably arranged so that the cutting schexben (20) of adjacent shafts (17, 18) cooperate in which the cutting disks (20) are rotated in pairs, at least temporarily, on one side in the region of their mutually facing cutting edges (24, 25) touch, while the peripheral surfaces (22) of the associated, spacer bodies (21) assigned to one another for each intermediate spaces (23) for the comminuted material to pass through limit. 2. Crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting disks (20) with, if necessary, notches having, circular arc-shaped cutting edges (24, 25) are equipped. - 19 -.; .. '·. · FoERTENS & KEIL PATENT LAWYERS 3. Crushing plant according to claim 2, characterized in that one and the same cutting disc (20) circular cutting edges (24, 25) of different circumferential lengths are provided. 4. Crushing plant according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the circumferential lengths of the circular arc-shaped cutting edges (24, 25) correspond to a central angle (A ) between 20 and 80 °, preferably 40 to 70 °. 5. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cutting disks (20) on a shaft (17, 18) are angularly offset from one another are arranged. 6. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adjacent shafts (17, 18) are driven asynchronously. 7. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spacer body (21) at least on that of the associated cutting disc (20) facing end in its cross-section to the circumferential shape of the associated cutting disc (20) are adapted. 8. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spacer bodies (21) are conical. 9. Crushing plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the spacer bodies (21) are adjacent is
.8 'ν 4 LL _ ... PATENT LAWYERS Shafts (17, 18) taper in the opposite axial direction. 10. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to I. 9, characterized in that the spacer body (21) I preferably according to the number of circular arc-shaped i Cutting edges (24, 25) of the cutting disks (20) in the \ Ί The cross-section is polygonal on the outside, e.g. hexagonal. : 11. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to> 10, characterized in that the axes of two adjacent shafts (17, 18) lie in one plane, at an angle (Λ) of preferably not greater than ι than 30 is inclined relative to the plane perpendicular to the material feed direction. 12. Crushing plant, preferably after one of the Claims 1 to 11, characterized by a granulating » machine (3) with at least two shafts (35, 36) arranged in one plane and at least two in one further shafts (37, 38) which are arranged preferably parallel to the first plane and on each of which several rotary bodies designed as granulating disks (33) and provided with teeth (52) on the circumference and between the granulating disks (33) each separate spacer disks with a smaller diameter (34) are interchangeable but non-rotatably arranged in such a way that the granulating disks (33) of a shaft (35) each between the granulating disks (33) at least one shaft (36) lying in the same plane and at least a shaft (37) lying in the further plane at least at a depth which is greater than the depth of the Toothing (52) is engaged. ilme _ yy & KEIL - 21 - PATENT LAWYERS 13. Crushing plant according to claim 12, characterized in that that the spacer disks (34) are only slightly larger in thickness than the granulating disks (33) to have. 14. Crushing plant according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the teeth (52) with teeth (53) has substantially radial flanks (54). 15. Crushing plant according to 'one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the teeth (53) are radially symmetrical. 16. Crushing plant according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that they have at least one Crushing machine (2) and at least one granulating machine connected downstream in the direction of material flow (3). 17. Crushing plant according to claim 16, characterized in that that the shredding machine (2) has a sieve (11) at the material outlet. 18. Crushing plant according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that between the crushing machine (2) and granulating machine (3) a material transport device, in particular a vibrator (12), 'is provided is. 19. Crushing plant according to one of 'claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the granulating machine (3) at the material outlet has a magnetic roller (14) for separating out ferromagnetic materials. ₂₂ _ M & RTENS * KEIL PATENT LAWYERS 20. Crushing plant according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the crushing machine (2) and granulating machine (3) on a ji ^ gejnejjajjiinen Machine frame are held.