DE4431929C1 - Hybrid drive system for motor vehicles with IC engine and electromotor - Google Patents

Hybrid drive system for motor vehicles with IC engine and electromotor

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Publication number
DE4431929C1
DE4431929C1 DE4431929A DE4431929A DE4431929C1 DE 4431929 C1 DE4431929 C1 DE 4431929C1 DE 4431929 A DE4431929 A DE 4431929A DE 4431929 A DE4431929 A DE 4431929A DE 4431929 C1 DE4431929 C1 DE 4431929C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
drive system
hybrid drive
electric motor
drive
gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE4431929A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Wolf Dr Ing Boll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boll Wolf Dr De
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Mercedes Benz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz AG, Mercedes Benz AG filed Critical Daimler Benz AG
Priority to DE4431929A priority Critical patent/DE4431929C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4431929C1 publication Critical patent/DE4431929C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

The hybrid drive system is mounted transverse to the direction of travel in the drive axle (6) area of the vehicle. The drive shaft (7) of the electromotor (3) is permanently connected to the drive axle of the vehicle through the gearing (9). The generator (4) is mounted structurally separate on the crankshaft (1). The gearing is non-switchable and only has a selectively coupling intermediate shaft (10) with drive pinion (13) and further gearwheel (14) wherein the drive pinion is connected directly or indirectly to a gearwheel (15) on the drive axle and the additional gearwheel is connected to a pinion (16) of the drive shaft (7) of the motor.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Hybrid-Antriebssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hybrid drive system for Motor vehicles according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Aus der AT-PS 245 947 ist bereits ein Hybrid-Antriebssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge der gattungsgemäßen Art bekannt, das eine Brenn­ kraftmaschine, einen Elektromotor und ein Schwungrad umfaßt, wo­ bei das Hybrid-Antriebssystem quer zur Fahrtrichtung und im Be­ reich einer Antriebsachse des Kraftfahrzeuges angeordnet ist. Eine Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine und die Antriebswelle des Elektromotors ist über eine Schaltkupplung und ein Wechsel­ getriebe nebst Zwischenwelle mit der Antriebsachse des Kraft­ fahrzeuges wahlweise verbindbar. Der Elektromotor ist auf der Zwischenwelle angeordnet und ist von der Brennkraftmaschine mit­ tels Umschaltung des Schaltgetriebes auch als Generator zum Auf­ laden einer Batterie betreibbar.AT-PS 245 947 is already a hybrid drive system for Motor vehicles of the generic type known that a focal Engine, an electric motor and a flywheel includes where with the hybrid drive system transverse to the direction of travel and in loading is richly arranged a drive axle of the motor vehicle. A crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and the drive shaft of the electric motor is via a clutch and a change gearbox and intermediate shaft with the drive axle of the power vehicle optionally connectable. The electric motor is on the Intermediate shaft arranged and is with the internal combustion engine By switching the gearbox also as a generator to open charge a battery operable.

Zum allgemeinen technischen Hintergrund wird noch auf die Druck­ schriften DE-Z "Mobil, Ausg. März 1994, S. 8 u.g.", DE-PS 6 93 234 und DE 32 30 121 A1 verwiesen.The general technical background is still under pressure publications DE-Z "Mobil, issue March 1994, p. 8 u.g.", DE-PS 6 93 234 and DE 32 30 121 A1.

Ein Nachteil von Hybrid-Antriebssystemen der gattungsgemäßen Art ist ein baulich aufwendiges Wechselgetriebe mit zwei Zwischen­ wellen zur Realisierung der Antriebsverbindung zwischen An­ triebswelle des Wechselgetriebes und Antriebsachse des Kraft­ fahrzeuges und zur Realisierung des Betriebes des Elektromotors als Generator. Das aufwendige Wechselgetriebe und die zur Dar­ stellung der Übersetzung von der Antriebswelle des Wechselge­ triebes zur Antriebsachse des Kraftfahrzeuges nötigen zwei Zwi­ schenwellen sind besonders für Hybrid-Antriebssysteme von Klein­ kraftfahrzeugen nicht geeignet, da bei einer erwünschten Placie­ rung des Hybrid-Antriebssystems oberhalb der Antriebsachse zwi­ schen den angetriebenen Rädern des Kraftfahrzeuges die Bauhöhe derartiger Antriebssysteme zu groß ist.A disadvantage of hybrid drive systems of the generic type is a structurally complex change gear with two intermediate waves to realize the drive connection between An drive shaft of the gearbox and drive axle of the power vehicle and to realize the operation of the electric motor as a generator. The elaborate change gear and the Dar position of the translation of the drive shaft of the Wechselge drive to the drive axle of the motor vehicle require two twos cage shafts are particularly suitable for hybrid drive systems from Klein  not suitable for motor vehicles because of a desired placement tion of the hybrid drive system above the drive axis between overall height of the driven wheels of the motor vehicle such drive systems is too large.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Hybrid-Antriebssystem möglichst einfach, kompakt und mit niede­ rer Bauhöhe derart auszubilden, daß dieses auch in Kleinkraft­ fahrzeugen oberhalb und quer zur Antriebsachse leicht placierbar ist.The invention has for its object a generic Hybrid drive system as simple, compact and as low as possible rer height so that this can be done even in small power vehicles can be easily placed above and across the drive axle is.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Hauptanspruches gegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the in the characteristic of Main claim given characteristics solved.

Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Hybrid-Antriebssystems liegt darin, daß durch den separat vom Elektromotor ausgebildeten Ge­ nerator und dessen Anordnung auf der Kurbelwelle nun die Mög­ lichkeit besteht, das Getriebe wesentlich einfacher als im gat­ tungsgemäßen Stand der Technik zu gestalten, da die Getriebestu­ fen für den Generatorbetrieb des Elektromotors entfallen, wo­ durch insgesamt eine kompaktere Bauweise und eine Verringerung der Bauhöhe des Hybrid-Antriebssystems erreicht wird.One advantage of the hybrid drive system according to the invention is in that by the separately trained from the electric motor Ge nerator and its arrangement on the crankshaft now the poss possibility, the gearbox is much simpler than in the gat to design the current state of the art, since the transmission control fen for generator operation of the electric motor, where thanks to an overall more compact design and a reduction the height of the hybrid drive system is reached.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Bauweise liegt darin, daß sowohl die Brennkraftmaschine als auch der Elektromotor bei der jeweils optimalen Auslegungsdrehzahl betrieben werden können und daß das erfindungsgemäße Hybrid-Antriebssystem dennoch mit einem Minimum an Zahneingriffen und Lagerstellen auskommt.Another advantage of the construction method according to the invention is that that both the internal combustion engine and the electric motor the optimal design speed can be operated and that the hybrid drive system according to the invention still with a minimum of meshes and bearings.

Ein Vorteil für den Gesamtentwurf des Fahrzeuges ergibt sich da­ durch, daß als Basisfahrzeug von einem verbrennungsmotorsich be­ triebenen Fahrzeug ausgegangen werden kann, bei dem lediglich eine bereits vorhandene Reserveradmulde durch einen Batterietrog ersetzt wird.There is an advantage for the overall design of the vehicle by that be as a base vehicle from an internal combustion engine driven vehicle can only be assumed an existing spare wheel well through a battery trough is replaced.

In der vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 2 ist zwischen Antriebswelle des Elektromotors und Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine ein nichtschaltbares, wahlweise kuppelbares Getriebe mit einer einzigen Zwischenwelle zur Kraftübertragung auf die Antriebsachse des Kraftfahrzeuges angeordnet, wodurch ebenfalls eine wesentliche Reduzierung der Bauhöhe erreichbar ist.In the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 2 is between the drive shaft of the electric motor and the crankshaft  Internal combustion engine a non-switchable, optionally connectable Gearbox with a single intermediate shaft for power transmission arranged on the drive axle of the motor vehicle, whereby a significant reduction in the overall height can also be achieved is.

Die vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 3 stellt eine Gesamtantriebsübersetzung eines "langen Fahrganges" (also etwa eines 4. oder 5. Ganges) dar, weshalb der Achsabstand zwischen Antriebsachse des Kraftfahrzeuges und Zwischenwelle oh­ ne eine zweite Zwischenwelle oder ein zusätzliches Über­ brückungszahnrad darstellbar ist.The advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 3 represents a total drive ratio of a "long drive" (i.e. about a 4th or 5th gear), which is why the center distance between drive axle of the motor vehicle and intermediate shaft oh ne a second intermediate shaft or an additional over bridge gear can be represented.

Die Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 4 ist eine bevor­ zugte Bauausführung des Hybrid-Antriebssystems.The embodiment of the invention according to claim 4 is a before draft version of the hybrid drive system.

Ein Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprü­ chen 5 und 6 liegt darin, daß das gesamte Hybrid-Antriebssystem vormontierbar ist und als komplette Baueinheit am Kraftfahrzeug befestigt werden kann.An advantage of the embodiment according to the claims Chen 5 and 6 is that the entire hybrid drive system can be preassembled and as a complete unit on the motor vehicle can be attached.

Ein Vorteil der Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 7 er­ gibt sich dadurch, daß mit der zusätzlich zum Generator angeord­ neten Batterie ein Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges im Zero-Emission- Betrieb bzw. das bei Bremsvorgängen eine rekuperative Energie­ speicherung möglich ist.An advantage of the embodiment of the invention according to claim 7 he arises from the fact that in addition to the generator neten battery an operation of the motor vehicle in zero emission Operation or the recuperative energy when braking storage is possible.

Durch die Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 8 ist eine Verbesserung der Anfahrsteigfähigkeit des Kraftfahrzeuges er­ reichbar, indem zwischen dem Antriebsritzel und dem weiteren Zahnrad auf der Zwischenwelle ein Reduktionsgetriebe, beispiels­ weise ein Planetengetriebe, angeordnet ist. Das Reduktionsge­ triebe wird nur im Sonderfall aktiviert und erzeugt im Normalbe­ trieb keine Dauerverluste.Due to the embodiment of the invention according to claim 8 is a Improving the starting ability of the motor vehicle he reachable by between the drive pinion and the other Gear on the intermediate shaft a reduction gear, for example as a planetary gear is arranged. The reduction gene Drives are only activated in special cases and generated in normal operation drove no permanent losses.

Sofern die Abmessungen der Brennkraftmaschine ein dichtes Vor­ beiführen der Antriebsachse nicht zulassen, kann zwischen dem Antriebsritzel und dem auf der Antriebsachse befindlichen Zahn­ rad ein Überbrückungszahnrad zwischengefügt werden mit der Kon­ sequenz, daß aus Drehrichtungsgründen der Antriebsblock rechts- links gewendet werden muß.Provided the dimensions of the internal combustion engine are tight lead the drive axis, can between the  Drive pinion and the tooth located on the drive axis rad a bridging gear can be inserted with the con sequence that for reasons of direction of rotation the drive block right must be turned left.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den übrigen Unteransprüchen hervor.Further refinements of the invention result from the other subclaims.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbei­ spiels näher erläutert. Sie zeigt ein schematisch dargestelltes Hybrid-Antriebssystem 1 für ein nicht dargestelltes Kraftfahr­ zeug mit einer Brennkraftmaschine 2, einem Elektromotor 3 und einem Schwungrad 12, das auf einer Kurbelwelle 11 der Brenn­ kraftmaschine 2 angeordnet ist. Das Hybrid-Antriebssystem 1 ist quer zur Fahrtrichtung und im Bereich einer Antriebsachse 6 des Kraftfahrzeuges angeordnet.In the drawing, the invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. It shows a schematically illustrated hybrid drive system 1 for a not shown driving force generating with an internal combustion engine 2, an electric motor 3, and a flywheel 12, which combustion engine on a crankshaft 11 of the internal 2 is arranged. The hybrid drive system 1 is arranged transversely to the direction of travel and in the region of a drive axle 6 of the motor vehicle.

Eine Antriebswelle 7 des Elektromotors 3 ist mit der Antriebs­ achse 6 des Kraftfahrzeuges über ein Getriebe 9 permanent ver­ bunden. Die Kurbelwelle 11 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 und die An­ triebswelle 7 des Elektromotors 3 sind über eine Schaltkupplung 8 und das Getriebe 9 nebst Zwischenwelle 10 wahlweise verbind­ bar.A drive shaft 7 of the electric motor 3 is permanently connected to the drive axis 6 of the motor vehicle via a gear 9 . The crankshaft 11 of the internal combustion engine 2 and the drive shaft 7 of the electric motor 3 are optionally connectable via a clutch 8 and the transmission 9 together with the intermediate shaft 10 .

Ein vom Elektromotor 3 baulich getrennter Generator 4 ist im ge­ zeigten Beispiel neben dem Schwungrad 12 direkt auf der Kurbel­ welle 11 angeordnet, wobei ein Teil der Kurbelwelle 11 gleich­ zeitig als Generatorwelle 5 dient. Der Generator 4 kann aber auch auf der mit der Kurbelwelle 11 kuppelbaren Zwischenwelle 10 angeordnet sein. In einer bevorzugten Bauausführung sind das Schwungrad 12 und Generator 4, die beide auf der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine 2 angeordnet sind, zu einer Baueinheit zusam­ mengefaßt.A structurally separate from the electric motor generator 3 is in the 4 ge showed example next to the flywheel 12 on the crank shaft directly arranged 11, wherein a part of the crankshaft 11 at the same time serves as a generator shaft. 5 The generator 4 can also be arranged on the intermediate shaft 10 which can be coupled to the crankshaft 11 . In a preferred construction, the flywheel 12 and generator 4 , both of which are arranged on the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 2 , are grouped together to form one structural unit.

Das Getriebe 9 ist nicht schaltbar ausgeführt und besitzt nur die mit der Schaltkupplung 8 wahlweise kuppelbare Zwischenwelle 10. Diese ist in Verlängerung der Drehachse der Kurbelwelle 11 ange­ ordnet und ist mit dieser durch die Schaltkupplung 8 verbunden, wobei die Schaltkupplung 8 beispielsweise als Reibkupplung oder auch als Klauenkupplung ausgebildet sein kann. Auf der Zwischen­ welle ist ein Antriebsritzel 13 und ein weiteres Zahnrad 14 an­ geordnet, wobei das Antriebsritzel 13 direkt mit einem auf der Antriebsachse 6 des Kraftfahrzeuges sitzenden Zahnrad 15 und das weitere Zahnrad 14 mit einem Ritzel 16 der Antriebswelle 7 des Elektromotors 3 verbunden ist.The transmission 9 is not designed to be switchable and has only the intermediate shaft 10 which can be optionally coupled to the clutch 8 . This is arranged in the extension of the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 11 and is connected to it by the clutch 8 , the clutch 8 can be designed, for example, as a friction clutch or as a dog clutch. On the intermediate shaft, a drive pinion 13 and a further gearwheel 14 are arranged, the drive pinion 13 being connected directly to a gearwheel 15 seated on the drive axle 6 of the motor vehicle and the further gearwheel 14 being connected to a pinion 16 of the drive shaft 7 of the electric motor 3 .

Die Antriebsachse 6 des Kraftfahrzeuges ist in üblicher, nicht näher dargestellter Weise im Kraftfahrzeug gelagert und umfaßt einen mittleren Achsabschnitt 6a und zwei Achsschenkel 6b und 6c. Auf dem Achsabschnitt 6a sitzt das einem Ausgleichsgetriebe 18 zugeordnete Zahnrad 15. Der Achsenabschnitt 6a verbindet mit­ tels Gelenken 19 und 20 die zwei Achsschenkel 6b und 6c der An­ triebsachse 6, die wiederum durch Gelenke 21 und 22 mit den an­ getriebenen Rädern 23 und 24 des Kraftfahrzeuges verbunden sind.The drive shaft 6 of the motor vehicle is stored in a conventional, not shown manner in the motor vehicle and includes a central axle portion 6a and two stub axles 6 b and 6 c. On the axle section 6 a, the gear 15 associated with a differential 18 is seated. The intercept 6 a connects by means of joints 19 and 20, the two steering knuckles 6 b and 6 c to the drive axle 6 , which in turn are connected by joints 21 and 22 to the driven wheels 23 and 24 of the motor vehicle.

Das Hybrid-Antriebssystem ist modular aufgebaut. Der Elektromo­ tor 3 und die Brennkraftmaschine 2 sind an einem Getriebegehäuse 17 anflanschbar.The hybrid drive system has a modular structure. The Elektromo tor 3 and the internal combustion engine 2 are flange-mounted on a gear housing 17 .

Die Übersetzung i zwischen Antriebsritzel 13 der Zwischenwelle 10 und dem Zahnrad 15 auf der Antriebsachse 6 des Kraftfahrzeu­ ges beträgt 3-5. Somit ist für Brennkraftmaschinen von Hybrid- Antriebssystemen für Kleinkraftfahrzeuge, je nach geforderter Bodenfreiheit und dem durch diese Forderung begrenzten Durchmes­ ser des Zahnrades 15 ein Achsabstand a zwischen Antriebsachse 6 des Kraftfahrzeuges und Zwischenwelle 10 von ca. 100-150 mm problemlos ohne eine zweite Zwischenwelle oder durch ein Über­ brückungszahnrad darstellbar.The translation i between the drive pinion 13 of the intermediate shaft 10 and the gear 15 on the drive shaft 6 of the motor vehicle is 3-5. Thus, for internal combustion engines of hybrid drive systems for small motor vehicles, depending on the required ground clearance and the diameter of the gear wheel 15 limited by this requirement, a center distance a between the drive axis 6 of the motor vehicle and the intermediate shaft 10 of approximately 100-150 mm without a second intermediate shaft or represented by a bridging gear.

In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung kann zum Betreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges im Zero-Emission-Betrieb und zur rekuperati­ ven Energiespeicherung bei Bremsvorgängen zusätzlich zum Elek­ tromotor 3 und dem Generator 4 eine nicht dargestellte Batterie angeordnet sein. In a further embodiment of the invention, a battery, not shown, can be arranged in addition to the electric motor 3 and the generator 4 for operating the motor vehicle in zero-emission operation and for recuperative energy storage during braking.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Brenn­ kraftmaschine 2, der Elektromotor 3 und das Getriebe 9 nebst Schwungrad 12 und Generator 4 zu einer Baueinheit zusammengefaßt und durch ein Gehäuse miteinander verbunden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the internal combustion engine 2 , the electric motor 3 and the gear 9 together with the flywheel 12 and generator 4 are combined to form a structural unit and connected to one another by a housing.

Des weiteren kann der Elektromotor statt in der dargestellten La­ ge auch in anderer Lage montiert sein, also vor, oberhalb oder winkelig zur Brennkraftmaschine. Bei einer Bauweise gemäß Dar­ stellung ist darauf zu achten, daß das Rad beim Lenkungsaus­ schlag vor und hinter dem Elektromotor schwenkt. Je nach zur Verfügung stehendem Bauraum ist die Schaltkupplung 8, der Gene­ rator 4 und das Schwungrad 12 auch rechts neben dem Zahnrad 14 placierbar, wobei die Zwischenwelle 10 dann als Hohlwelle ausge­ führt ist.Furthermore, the electric motor can also be mounted in a different position instead of in the position shown, ie in front of, above or at an angle to the internal combustion engine. In a construction according to Dar position, it must be ensured that the wheel swings in front of and behind the electric motor when the steering is turned. Depending on the available space, the clutch 8 , the generator 4 and the flywheel 12 can also be placed to the right of the gear 14 , the intermediate shaft 10 then being a hollow shaft.

Im folgenden werden Funktionsweise und Betriebsarten des erfin­ dungsgemäßen Hybrid-Antriebssystems beschrieben. Die Unterein­ heit Brennkraftmaschine 2 nebst Generator 4 liefert den Strom, der im Betriebseinsatz eines herkömmlichen Serienhybriden (geöffnete Schaltkupplung 8) über einen nicht dargestellten Um­ richter an die Batterie und über einen weiteren Umrichter an den Elektromotor 3 weitergeleitet wird. Der Fahrbetrieb beim Serien­ hybriden erfolgt über den Elektromotor 3, der über das Getriebe 9 eine Antriebsverbindung zur Antriebsachse 6 besitzt.The mode of operation and operating modes of the hybrid drive system according to the invention are described below. The Unterein unit internal combustion engine 2 together with generator 4 supplies the current which is passed on in operation of a conventional series hybrid (open clutch 8 ) via a converter (not shown) to the battery and via a further converter to the electric motor 3 . Driving in series hybrids takes place via the electric motor 3 , which has a drive connection to the drive axle 6 via the transmission 9 .

In der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung des Hybrid-Antriebssystems 1 treibt bei eingekuppelter Schaltkupplung 8 die Brennkraftmaschi­ ne 2 über die Schaltkupplung S die Zwischenwelle 10 des Getrie­ bes 9 an. Hierbei stellt die Zahnradpaarung 13-15 eine Gesamtan­ triebsübersetzung i (Schaltgetriebeübersetzung mit Achsüberset­ zung) eines "langen Fahrganges", also z. B. eines 4. oder 5. Gan­ ges, eines herkömmlichen Fahrzeuges dar. Durch diese Gesamtan­ triebsübersetzung (i = 3-5) ist es möglich, daß der Achsab­ stand a ohne zusätzliches Überbrückungszahnrad zwischen der Zwi­ schenwelle 10 und der Antriebsachse 6 darstellbar ist. In the arrangement of the hybrid drive system 1 according to the invention, when the clutch 8 is engaged, the internal combustion engine 2 drives the intermediate shaft 10 of the transmission 9 via the clutch S. Here, the gear pair 13-15 is a total drive ratio i (manual transmission ratio with axle ratio) of a "long gear", ie z. B. a 4th or 5th Gan ges, a conventional vehicle. This total drive ratio (i = 3-5), it is possible that the Achsab stood a without additional bridging gear between the inter mediate shaft 10 and the drive shaft 6 can be represented .

Bei einer Bauausführung mit Batterie kann das Hybrid-Antriebssy­ stem 1 auch als Zero-Emission-Fahrzeug mit reinem Elektroantrieb betrieben werden. Die Nachladung der Batterie erfolgt über die Steckdose oder im Fahrbetrieb über den Generator 4.In the case of a construction with a battery, the hybrid drive system 1 can also be operated as a zero-emission vehicle with a purely electric drive. The battery is recharged via the socket or, when driving, via the generator 4 .

Bei höherem Fahrleistungsbedarf oder auf längeren Strecken kann die Brennkraftmaschine 2 kontinuierlich oder intermittierend zur Stromerzeugung zugeschaltet werden. Oberhalb von Fahrgeschwin­ digkeiten, die einer Durchkupplungsdrehzahl von z. B. 1800 1/min an der Kurbelwelle 11 entsprechen, wird die Kupplung vorzugs­ weise geschlossen, damit die Brennkraftmaschine 2 die Antriebs­ achse 6 direkt antreiben kann. Da die elektrischen Komponenten, insbesondere der Elektromotor 3 und der Generator 4, mittels de­ ren Steuerelektronik freischaltbar sind (keine nennenswerte elektrische und magnetische Verlustleistung beim Mitlaufen), er­ folgt der Antrieb hier unter Umgehung der Verluste vom Generator 4, dem Elektromotor 3, der beiden nicht dargestellten Wechsel­ richter (Umrichter) und ggf. Be- und Entladungsverlusten der Batterie. Bei höherem Fahrleistungsbedarf ist auch eine Be­ triebsweise der Brennkraftmaschine 2 abseits des optimalen Ver­ brauchspunktes noch lohnend, solange die Wirkungsgradeinbußen der Brennkraftmaschine 2 die der elektrischen Antriebskette nicht übersteigen.In the event of higher mileage requirements or over longer distances, the internal combustion engine 2 can be switched on continuously or intermittently for power generation. Above Fahrgeschwin speeds that a clutch speed of z. B. 1800 1 / min on the crankshaft 11 , the clutch is closed preferentially, so that the internal combustion engine 2, the drive axis 6 can drive directly. Since the electrical components, in particular the electric motor 3 and the generator 4 , can be activated by means of the control electronics (no significant electrical and magnetic power loss when running), the drive follows the generator 4 , the electric motor 3 , bypassing the losses Not shown inverter (converter) and possibly loss of charge and discharge of the battery. If the driving power requirement is higher, a mode of operation of the internal combustion engine 2 is still worthwhile away from the optimum consumption point as long as the efficiency losses of the internal combustion engine 2 do not exceed those of the electric drive chain.

Solange die Brennkraftmaschine 2 im durchgekuppelten langen Gang (Zahnradpaar 13-15) nicht stark genug ist, Steigungen zu über­ winden, kann sie der Elektromotor 3 unterstützen. Die entnommene Betterieladung kann bei einer anschließenden Talfahrt vom Gene­ rator 4 nachgespeist werden.As long as the internal combustion engine 2 is not strong enough in the coupled long gear (gear pair 13-15 ) to overcome gradients, the electric motor 3 can support it. The removed battery charge can be replenished in a subsequent descent from the generator 4 .

Sofern bei Bergfahrt und voller Zuladung und z. B. niederer Fahr­ geschwindigkeit die Motorleistung im durchgekuppelten Zustand nicht ausreicht, kann eine überwachende Steuereinheit die Schaltkupplung 8 automatisch öffnen und den Vortrieb wegen des günstigen Drehmomentverlauf s des Elektromotors 3 (maximales Drehmoment bei Drehzahl n = 0 bis ca. 1/3 nmax; mit nmax = maxi­ male Drehzahl des Elektromotors) von diesem durchführen lassen. If when driving uphill and full load and z. B. low driving speed, the engine power in the coupled state is not sufficient, a monitoring control unit can automatically open the clutch 8 and the propulsion due to the favorable torque curve s of the electric motor 3 (maximum torque at speed n = 0 to about 1/3 n max ; with n max = maximum speed of the electric motor).

Die Brennkraftmaschine 2 kann zwecks Leistungssteigerung auf ei­ ne höhere Drehzahl gebracht werden.The internal combustion engine 2 can be brought to a higher speed in order to increase performance.

Im niederen und mittleren Geschwindigkeitsbereich liegt das Drehmoment des Elektromotors 3 (z. B. frequenzgesteuerter Asyn­ chronmotor) so hoch, daß es für Beschleunigungsvorgänge und Steigungen ausreicht. Erst bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten (Drehzahlen) fällt dessen Drehmoment ab. Aus der Kombination der Drehmomentcharakteristik des Elektromotors 3 und jener der Brennkraftmaschine 2 ergibt sich ein wesentlicher Auslegungsvor­ teil des erfindungsgemäßen Hybrid-Antriebssystems 1, denn der Elektromotor 3 muß nicht für höhere Geschwindigkeiten ausgelegt werden. Die Dauerhöchstgeschwindigkeit wird ausschließlich von der Brennkraftmaschine 2 aufgebracht und nur bei kurzzeitiger Geschwindigkeit über Dauerhöchstgeschwindigkeit oder bei Stei­ gungen wird der Elektromotor 3 zugeschaltet.In the low and medium speed range, the torque of the electric motor 3 (e.g. frequency-controlled Asyn chronmotor) is so high that it is sufficient for acceleration processes and gradients. Only at higher speeds (speeds) does its torque drop. From the combination of the torque characteristic of the electric motor 3 and that of the internal combustion engine 2 , there is an essential part of the design of the hybrid drive system 1 according to the invention, because the electric motor 3 does not have to be designed for higher speeds. The permanent top speed is applied exclusively by the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric motor 3 is switched on only at a brief speed above the constant top speed or in the case of increases.

Somit können die elektrischen Antriebskomponenten (Elektromotor 3, Generator 4 und die nicht dargestellten Umrichter) relativ klein ausgelegt werden. Lediglich die Anfahrsteigfähigkeit muß alleine mit dem Elektromotor bewältigt werden können und zwar in beiden Fahrtrichtungen, da in der beschriebenen einfachsten Aus­ führung des Hybrid-Antriebssystems 1 eine Rückwärtsfahrt nur elektromotorisch (bei ausgekuppelter Brennkraftmaschine 2) mög­ lich ist.The electrical drive components (electric motor 3 , generator 4 and the converter (not shown)) can thus be designed to be relatively small. Only the approach climbing ability must be able to be managed with the electric motor alone, in both directions of travel, since in the described simplest embodiment of the hybrid drive system 1, a reverse drive is only possible by an electric motor (with the engine 2 disengaged).

Zur Vergrößerung der Anfahrsteigfähigkeit kann in einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ein Reduktionsgetriebe (z. B. Planeten­ getriebe) zwischen den Zahnrädern 13 und 14 auf der Zwischen­ welle 10 implementiert werden, das nur im Sonderfall aktiviert wird und im Normalfall keine Dauerverluste erzeugt.To increase the approach capability, a reduction gear (z. B. planetary gear) between the gears 13 and 14 on the intermediate shaft 10 can be implemented in a further embodiment of the invention, which is only activated in the special case and normally generates no permanent losses.

Ferner kann in einer besonderen Ausführungsform die Brennkraft­ maschine 2 einschließlich Schaltkupplung 8 über einen Schnell­ verschluß abkoppelbar und demontierbar gestaltet sein, sofern das Fahrzeug vorwiegend als Elektrofahrzeug genutzt wird (sogenannter range extender). Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, the internal combustion engine 2 including clutch 8 can be designed to be uncoupled and dismantled via a quick lock, provided the vehicle is predominantly used as an electric vehicle (so-called range extender).

Des weiteren kann auch der Elektromotor 3 nebst Elektronik und Batterie schnellabkoppelbar gestaltet sein, sofern das Fahrzeug vorwiegend mit der Brennkraftmaschine 2 betrieben werden soll.Furthermore, the electric motor 3, in addition to the electronics and the battery, can also be designed to be quickly decoupled, provided that the vehicle is to be operated primarily with the internal combustion engine 2 .

Claims (11)

1. Hybrid-Antriebssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge, das mindestens eine Brennkraftmaschine, einen Elektromotor und einen Generator um­ faßt, wobei das Hybrid-Antriebssystem quer zur Fahrtrichtung und im Bereich einer Antriebsachse des Kraftfahrzeuges angeordnet ist und wobei die Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine über eine Schaltkupplung und ein Getriebe nebst Zwischenwelle mit der An­ triebsachse des Kraftfahrzeuges wahlweise verbindbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Antriebswelle (7) des Elektromotors (3) mit der An­ triebsachse (6) des Kraftfahrzeuges über das Getriebe (9) perma­ nent verbunden ist und der Generator (4) vom Elektromotor (3) baulich getrennt auf der Kurbelwelle (11) angeordnet ist.1. Hybrid drive system for motor vehicles, which comprises at least one internal combustion engine, an electric motor and a generator, wherein the hybrid drive system is arranged transversely to the direction of travel and in the area of a drive axis of the motor vehicle, and wherein the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine has a clutch and a transmission In addition to the intermediate shaft with the drive axle of the motor vehicle is optionally connectable, characterized in that the drive shaft ( 7 ) of the electric motor ( 3 ) with the drive shaft ( 6 ) of the motor vehicle via the transmission ( 9 ) is permanently connected and the generator ( 4th ) is structurally separate from the electric motor ( 3 ) on the crankshaft ( 11 ). 2. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Getriebe (9) nichtschaltbar ist und nur eine wahlweise kuppelbare Zwischenwelle (10) mit einem Antriebsritzel (13) und einem weiteren Zahnrad (14) aufweist, wobei das Antriebsritzel (13) direkt oder mittelbar mit einem auf der Antriebsachse (6) des Kraftfahrzeuges sitzenden Zahnrad (15) verbunden ist und das weitere Zahnrad (14) mit einem Ritzel (16) der Antriebswelle (7) des Elektromotors (3) verbunden ist.2. Hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission ( 9 ) is non-switchable and has only an optionally couplable intermediate shaft ( 10 ) with a drive pinion ( 13 ) and a further gear ( 14 ), the drive pinion ( 13 ) is directly or indirectly connected to a gear ( 15 ) seated on the drive axle ( 6 ) of the motor vehicle and the further gear ( 14 ) is connected to a pinion ( 16 ) of the drive shaft ( 7 ) of the electric motor ( 3 ). 3. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Übersetzung (i) zwischen Antriebsritzel (13) der Zwi­ schenwelle (10) und dem Zahnrad (15) auf der Antriebsachse (6) des Kraftfahrzeuges 3-5 beträgt. 3. Hybrid drive system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the translation (i) between the drive pinion ( 13 ) of the inter mediate shaft ( 10 ) and the gear ( 15 ) on the drive axis ( 6 ) of the motor vehicle is 3-5. 4. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenwelle (10) in Verlängerung der Drehachse der Kurbelwelle (11) angeordnet ist und mit dieser durch die Schalt­ kupplung (8) verbunden ist.4. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate shaft ( 10 ) is arranged in an extension of the axis of rotation of the crankshaft ( 11 ) and is connected to it by the clutch ( 8 ). 5. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektromotor (3) und die Brennkraftmaschine (2) an einem Getriebegehäuse (17) anflanschbar sind.5. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electric motor ( 3 ) and the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) on a gear housing ( 17 ) can be flanged. 6. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennkraftmaschine (2), der Elektromotor (3), das Ge­ triebe (9) nebst Schwungrad (12) und Generator (4) zu einer Bau­ einheit zusammengefaßt und durch ein Gehäuse miteinander verbun­ den sind.6. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), the electric motor ( 3 ), the Ge gear ( 9 ) together with the flywheel ( 12 ) and generator ( 4 ) combined into a construction unit and are connected to each other by a housing. 7. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Betreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges im Zero-Emission-Betrieb, zur rekuperativen Energiespeicherung bei Bremsvorgängen, zum Beschleunigungen und zur Bergfahrt zusätzlich zum Elektromotor (3) und dem Generator (4) eine Batterie angeordnet ist.7. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that for operating the motor vehicle in zero-emission operation, for recuperative energy storage during braking, for accelerations and for driving uphill in addition to the electric motor ( 3 ) and the generator ( 4th ) a battery is arranged. 8. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Verbesserung der Anfahrsteigfähigkeit des Kraftfahrzeu­ ges zwischen dem Antriebsritzel (13) und dem weiteren Zahnrad (14) ein Reduktionsgetriebe angeordnet ist.8. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a reduction gear is arranged between the drive pinion ( 13 ) and the further gear ( 14 ) to improve the starting ability of the motor vehicle Ges. 9. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaltkupplung (8), der Generator (4) und das Schwungrad (12) rechts neben dem Zahnrad (14) placiert und die Zwischen­ welle (10) als Hohlwelle ausgebildet ist. 9. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the clutch ( 8 ), the generator ( 4 ) and the flywheel ( 12 ) placed right next to the gear ( 14 ) and the intermediate shaft ( 10 ) as Hollow shaft is formed. 10. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur vorwiegenden Nutzung des Fahrzeuges als Elektrofahrzeug die Brennkraftmaschine (2) einschließlich der Schaltkupplung (8) über einen Schnellverschluß abkoppelbar und demontierbar ist.10. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for the predominant use of the vehicle as an electric vehicle, the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) including the clutch ( 8 ) can be disconnected and disassembled via a quick-release fastener. 11. Hybrid-Antriebssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum vorwiegenden Betrieb des Fahrzeuges mit der Brennkraft­ maschine (2) der Elektromotor (3) nebst Elektronik und Batterie schnellabkoppelbar ist.11. Hybrid drive system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the predominant operation of the vehicle with the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), the electric motor ( 3 ) together with electronics and battery can be quickly disconnected.
DE4431929A 1994-09-08 1994-09-08 Hybrid drive system for motor vehicles with IC engine and electromotor Expired - Lifetime DE4431929C1 (en)

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