DE4426090A1 - Safety system for car passengers and bodywork - Google Patents

Safety system for car passengers and bodywork

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Publication number
DE4426090A1
DE4426090A1 DE4426090A DE4426090A DE4426090A1 DE 4426090 A1 DE4426090 A1 DE 4426090A1 DE 4426090 A DE4426090 A DE 4426090A DE 4426090 A DE4426090 A DE 4426090A DE 4426090 A1 DE4426090 A1 DE 4426090A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
security system
devices
proximity sensors
airbags
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE4426090A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE4426090C2 (en
Inventor
Franz Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MUELLER, FRANZ, DIPL.-ING. (FH), 83026 ROSENHEIM, D
Original Assignee
Temic Telefunken Microelectronic GmbH
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Application filed by Temic Telefunken Microelectronic GmbH filed Critical Temic Telefunken Microelectronic GmbH
Priority to DE4426090A priority Critical patent/DE4426090C2/en
Publication of DE4426090A1 publication Critical patent/DE4426090A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4426090C2 publication Critical patent/DE4426090C2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/006—Converting flow of air into electric energy, e.g. by using wind turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R19/20—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact containing mainly gas or liquid, e.g. inflatable
    • B60R19/205—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact containing mainly gas or liquid, e.g. inflatable inflatable in the direction of an obstacle upon impending impact, e.g. using air bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/24—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles
    • B60R19/38—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles adjustably or movably mounted, e.g. horizontally displaceable for securing a space between parked vehicles
    • B60R19/40—Arrangements for mounting bumpers on vehicles adjustably or movably mounted, e.g. horizontally displaceable for securing a space between parked vehicles in the direction of an obstacle before a collision, or extending during driving of the vehicle, i.e. to increase the energy absorption capacity of the bumper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/42—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects extending primarily along the sides of, or completely encircling, a vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
    • B60G2202/45—Other types, e.g. external jets for stability with particular characteristics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R2019/007—Means for adjusting or regulating the crash absorption capacity of the vehicle, e.g. when detecting an impending collision
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9322—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles using additional data, e.g. driver condition, road state or weather data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G01S2013/93275—Sensor installation details in the bumper area
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

The system comprises protective devices such as airbags (8,9), seat belt tighteners (7) and extension units (6) in the bumpers (3). Proximity sensors (10) are connected to a monitoring unit (11) and an activation unit (12), which is capable of activating the protective devices. When the car is occupied, the various protective devices are activated automatically by the monitoring unit, or manually by the driver or co-driver. The bumper extension units are shock absorbent, containing energy absorbing components such as springs or pneumatic or hydraulic storage volumes. They are activated by mechanical, pneumatic, electromagnetic, electrical or pyrotechnical means, and restored to their original positions if undamaged. External airbags are fitted as additional protection for the bodywork.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Einrichtungen in einem Kraft­ fahrzeug zum universalen Schutz für die Fahrzeuginsas­ sen und die Karosserie.The invention relates to devices in one force Vehicle for universal protection for vehicle insas sen and the body.

Es ist bekannt, Schutzeinrichtungen wie Airbags innen und außen und Gurtstraffer in einem Kraftfahrzeug so­ wohl vorne für den Fahrer und Beifahrer als auch für die im Fond sitzenden Personen anzuordnen. Diese Ein­ richtungen werden dann ausgelöst, wenn das Fahrzeug ge­ gen einen harten Gegenstand oder gegen ein anderes Fahrzeug aufprallt. Ein Schutz für das Fahrzeug selbst erfolgt bisher nur über eingebaute Knautschzonen im Fahrzeug oder durch Deformieren der Stoßstangen oder sonstigen Schutzeinrichtungen rund um das Fahrzeug. All diese Schutzeinrichtungen sind somit passiver Art, d. h. sie werden erst wirksam, wenn bereits ein Aufprall des Fahrzeugs erfolgt ist.It is known to have protective devices such as airbags inside and outside and belt tensioners in a motor vehicle like this probably for the driver and front passenger as well as for to arrange the people sitting in the rear. This one Directions are triggered when the vehicle is ge against a hard object or against another Vehicle crashes. Protection for the vehicle itself So far, this has only been done via built-in crumple zones in Vehicle or by deforming the bumpers or other protective devices around the vehicle. Alles these protective devices are therefore passive, i. H. they only take effect when there is an impact of the vehicle.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, umfassendere Schutzeinrichtungen für die Fahrzeuginsassen und das Fahrzeug selbst zu schaffen und außerdem aktive Ein­ richtungen vorzusehen, die bereits vor einem Aufprall des Fahrzeugs wirksam werden.The invention has for its object to more extensive Protection devices for vehicle occupants and that Create vehicle yourself and also active on to provide directions before an impact of the vehicle take effect.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt durch die im kenn­ zeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 wiedergegebenen Merk­ male. Hierbei wird ein Fahrzeug außen rundherum mit Aufprallstöße auffangenden Einrichtungen versehen, die sowohl automatisch durch Annäherungssensoren als auch durch einen Fahrer und/oder Beifahrer auslösbar sind, und innen in bekannter Weise mit Airbags und Gurtstraf­ fern ausgerüstet. An der Außenseite des Fahrzeugs sind an der vorderen und hinteren Stoßstange und an den Au­ ßenseiten der Türen mindestens je ein Airbag und ein Annäherungssensor angeordnet, wobei die Airbags sowohl beim Aufprall als auch über die Annäherungssensoren auslösbar sind. Die Verbindungsstellen der Stoßstangen mit der Karosserie sind als stoßabsorbierende Ausfahr­ vorrichtungen ausgeführt und mit auslösbaren Vorspan­ nungselementen wie Federn, pneumatischen oder hydrauli­ schen Speichervolumen ausgestattet. Die Ausfahrvorrich­ tungen können sowohl über die Annäherungssensoren als auch durch andere Betätigungseinrichtungen, die bei­ spielsweise am Armaturenbrett und/oder am Lenkrad ange­ ordnet sind, ausgelöst werden. Als Betätigungseinrich­ tungen werden vorteilhaft von Hand zu bedienende Druck­ knöpfe oder Schalter eingesetzt. Sie können jedoch auch aus elektrisch leitenden Kontaktstellen bestehen, die um das Lenkrad herum angebracht sind und ausgelöst wer­ den, wenn sich der ohmsche Widerstand der Haut der Hand, wie es bei Streßsituationen der Fall ist, ändert.This problem is solved by the in the kenn drawing part of claim 1 reproduced note  times. Here, a vehicle is all around with Impact absorbing devices provided that both automatically by proximity sensors as well can be triggered by a driver and / or front passenger, and inside in a known manner with airbags and belt tensioners remotely equipped. Are on the outside of the vehicle on the front and rear bumper and on the Au Outside of the doors at least one airbag and one Proximity sensor arranged, the airbags both on impact as well as on the proximity sensors can be triggered. The joints of the bumpers with the body as a shock absorbing extension devices designed and with releasable preload elements such as springs, pneumatic or hydraulic storage volume. The exit device can be both via the proximity sensors also by other actuators, which for example on the dashboard and / or on the steering wheel are arranged to be triggered. As an actuator tings are advantageous to be operated by hand buttons or switches inserted. However, you can too consist of electrically conductive contact points that are attached around the steering wheel and triggered who when the ohmic resistance of the skin of the Hand, as is the case with stressful situations, changes.

Die Auslösung der Vorspannungselemente erfolgt über eine Auslöseelektronik mechanisch, pneumatisch, elek­ tromagnetisch, elektrisch, pyrotechnisch oder kombi­ niert. Die Ausfahrvorrichtungen sind derart gestaltet und angeordnet, daß sie nach einem erfolgten Aufprall wieder eingefahren werden können wenn sie nicht in ih­ rer Funktion geschädigt sind. Als Annäherungssensor wird ein Abstandswarnradar verwendet, das mit einem Ma­ gnetfeld-Infrarotsensor kombiniert sein kann oder eine Kombination mehrerer verschiedenartiger Annäherungssen­ soren. Durch die Annäherungssensoren soll laufend der Abstand zu einem Hindernis erfaßt werden, wobei eine Auswerteeinheit die Abstandsänderungen und die Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit berechnet und bei einem zu erwartenden Aufprall abhängig von der Aufprallgeschwin­ digkeit die Airbags, Gurtstraffer und Ausfahrrichtungen einzeln oder in Gruppen oder insgesamt aktiviert. Ver­ wendet wird vorteilhaft ein Mehrkammernairbagsystem, bestehend aus verschiedengroßen Luftkissen und Hüllen aus verschiedenen Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Wandstärken. Als Gasgenerator wird ein Hybrid- oder Druckgasgenerator eingesetzt.The preloading elements are triggered via trigger electronics mechanical, pneumatic, elec tromagnetic, electrical, pyrotechnic or combi kidney. The extension devices are designed in this way and arranged that after an impact can be retracted if they are not in ih function is damaged. As a proximity sensor a distance warning radar is used, which has a Ma gnetfeld infrared sensor can be combined or a Combination of several different types of approximations  soren. Due to the proximity sensors, the Distance to an obstacle can be detected, one Evaluation unit the changes in distance and Approach speed calculated and at a too expected impact depends on the impact speed airbags, belt tensioners and extension directions activated individually or in groups or in total. Ver a multi-chamber airbag system is advantageously used, consisting of different sized air cushions and covers made of different materials with different Wall thicknesses. As a gas generator is a hybrid or Pressurized gas generator used.

Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, daß nicht erst beim Auf­ prall eines Fahrzeugs, sondern bereits vor einem Zusam­ menstoß die Schutzeinrichtungen ausgelöst werden kön­ nen. Die außen am Fahrzeug angebrachten und die im In­ neren des Fahrzeugs vorhandenen Airbags sowie die zwi­ schen den Stoßstangen und der Karosserie angebrachten Ausfahrvorrichtungen können gleichzeitig entweder durch die Annäherungssensoren oder durch den Fahrer bzw. Bei­ fahrer aktiviert werden. Somit ist es möglich, Zusam­ menstöße wesentlich zu mildern und dabei zusätzlich die auf die Insassen einwirkende Aufprallenergie auf ein erträgliches Maß zu beschränken.The invention has the advantage that not only when collision of a vehicle, but before a meeting protective devices can be triggered nen. The ones attached to the outside of the vehicle and those in the interior neren of the vehicle's existing airbags and the zwi between the bumpers and the body Extending devices can either by simultaneously the proximity sensors or by the driver or assistant driver can be activated. So it is possible to get together to significantly alleviate the impact energy acting on the occupants limit tolerable measure.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels zu entnehmen.Further advantages of the invention are as follows Description of an embodiment can be found.

Es zeigen:Show it:

Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung in Draufsicht eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit Schutzeinrichtungen, Sensoren und Auswerteeinheit und Fig. 1 is a schematic representation in plan view of a motor vehicle with protective devices, sensors and evaluation unit and

Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht des Kraftfahrzeugs nach Fig. 1. FIG. 2 shows a side view of the motor vehicle according to FIG. 1.

In einem Fahrzeug 1 sind im Insassenbereich auf bekann­ te Art und Weise Airbags 8 vor und zwischen den Sitz­ plätzen 5, Gurtstraffer 7 an den Befestigungspunkten der Sicherheitsgurte an der Karosserie 2 und nach innen und außen wirkende Airbags 9 in den Fahrzeugtüren 4, im Bug und im Heck angeordnet. Annäherungssensoren 10 be­ finden sich in den Außenbereichen des Fahrzeugs 1 eben­ falls im Bug- und Heckbereich und in den Fahrzeugtüren 4. Mit Hilfe von Ausfahrvorrichtungen 6 können die vor­ dere und hintere Stoßstange 3 als gesamtes oder in Tei­ len ausgefahren werden, um eine kurz bevorstehende Kol­ lision abzumildern. Hierzu besteht eine kolbenartige Ausfahrvorrichtung 6 aus Ausfahreinheit und Vorspan­ nungselement; als Vorspannungselement sind mechanische Federn, pneumatische oder hydraulische Speichervolumi­ na, sowie jegliche Kombination hieraus geeignet.In a vehicle 1 in the occupant area in known manner, airbags 8 in front of and between the seats 5 , belt tensioners 7 at the fastening points of the seat belts on the body 2 and inward and outward-acting airbags 9 in the vehicle doors 4 , in the bow and arranged in the stern. Proximity sensors 10 be found in the outer areas of the vehicle 1 also in the front and rear areas and in the vehicle doors 4 . With the help of extension devices 6 , the front and rear bumper 3 can be extended as a whole or in parts to mitigate an imminent collision. For this purpose, a piston-like extension device 6 consists of extension unit and preload element; Mechanical springs, pneumatic or hydraulic accumulator volumes, as well as any combination thereof are suitable as a preloading element.

Um die Schutzeinrichtungen 6 bis 9, die mechanisch, pneumatisch, elektrisch, elektromagnetisch, pyrotech­ nisch oder kombiniert aktiviert werden können, manuell vom Fahrer oder Beifahrer auslösen zu können, sind im Insassenbereich vorzugsweise am Armaturenbrett und/oder am Lenkrad geeignete Schalter 14, vorzugsweise Druckschalter, vorzusehen. Eine Auswerteeinheit 11, die automatisch den Alarmzustand der Schutzeinrichtungen 6 bis 9 herbeiführt und eine Auslöseeinheit 12, die mit Hilfe der Meßdaten der Annäherungssensoren 10 den je­ weils optimalen Zeitpunkt zum Auslösen der Schutzeinrichtungen 6 bis 9 bestimmt, sind vorteilhaft zum Schutz vor Umwelt- und klimatischen Einflüssen, aber auch zum Schutz vor elektromagnetischen Stör­ feldern im Innern des Fahrzeugs 1 installiert, zum Bei­ spiel im Armaturenbrett. Bei der Auswerteeinheit 11 und der Auslöseeinheit 12 kann es sich um einzelne Kompo­ nenten oder um eine einzige Funktionseinheit handeln, die beide Funktionen beinhaltet.To trigger the protective devices 6 to 9 , which can be activated mechanically, pneumatically, electrically, electromagnetically, pyrotechnically or in combination, manually by the driver or front passenger, suitable switches 14 , preferably pressure switches, are preferably on the dashboard and / or on the steering wheel in the occupant area to provide. An evaluation unit 11 , which automatically brings about the alarm state of the protective devices 6 to 9, and a triggering unit 12 , which determines the respectively optimal time for triggering the protective devices 6 to 9 with the aid of the measurement data from the proximity sensors 10 , are advantageous for protecting against environmental and climatic Influences, but also to protect against electromagnetic interference fields installed inside the vehicle 1 , for example in the dashboard. The evaluation unit 11 and the trigger unit 12 can be individual components or a single functional unit that contains both functions.

Die Einsatzbereitschaft und Funktionsfähigkeit des Si­ cherheitssystems wird durch eine ständige Überwachung aller beteiligten Einrichtungen sichergestellt, beste­ hend aus einem Selbsttest mittels Sollzeitüberwachung bei der Auswerteeinheit 11 und der Auslöseeinheit 12 und durch regelmäßige Prüfung mittels elektronischer Signale im Millisekundenbereich bei den Sicherheitsein­ richtungen 6 bis 9 und den Annäherungssensoren 10.The operational readiness and functionality of the safety system is ensured by constant monitoring of all participating facilities, consisting of a self-test by means of target time monitoring in the evaluation unit 11 and the triggering unit 12 and by regular testing using electronic signals in the millisecond range for the safety devices 6 to 9 and Proximity sensors 10 .

Bei besetztem Fahrzeug 1 tasten die in die Karosserie 2 eingebauten Annäherungssensoren ständig die unmittelba­ re Umgebung bis zu einem vorbestimmten Abstand ab und übermitteln die dabei beispielsweise mittels Reflexi­ onsmessung erzeugten Meßdaten an die Auswerteeinheit 11, die durch Phasenvergleich und Laufzeitmessung der von den Annäherungssensoren 10 abgestrahlten und emp­ fangenen Signale den Abstand zu einem Hindernis, wie zum Beispiel zu einem feststehenden Gegenstand oder zu einem anderen Fahrzeug, berechnet und aus dem Vergleich der zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden Abstandswerte die An­ näherung erkennen und die zugehörige Annäherungsge­ schwindigkeit errechnen kann. Unterschreitet der Ab­ stand zu einem Hindernis in Abhängigkeit zur Annähe­ rungsgeschwindigkeit einen als Sicherheitsgrenze vorge­ gebenen Wert, errechnet die Auswerteeinheit 11 die vor­ aussichtliche Aufprallrichtung und -geschwindigkeit und veranlaßt die Auslöseeinheit 12, alle oder nur bestimm­ te Schutzeinrichtungen 6 bis 9 zum jeweils optimalen Zeitpunkt auszulösen, um den Insassen der betreffenden Fahrzeuge den bestmöglichen Schutz zu gewähren.In occupied vehicle 1, the built-in into the body 2 proximity sensors continuously scan the unmittelba re environment up to a predetermined distance from and transmit the, for example, by means of Reflection onsmessung measurement data generated in the evaluation unit 11, the signal emitted by the phase comparison and propagation time measurement of the proximity sensors 10 and received signals calculate the distance to an obstacle, such as a fixed object or another vehicle, and recognize the approach from the comparison of the temporally successive distance values and calculate the associated approach speed. If the distance to an obstacle depends on the approach speed, a value specified as a safety limit, the evaluation unit 11 calculates the direction and speed of the impact, and causes the release unit 12 to trigger all or only certain protective devices 6 to 9 at the optimum time to give the occupants of the vehicles concerned the best possible protection.

Neben der automatischen Aktivierung durch die Auswerte­ einheit 11 können die Schutzeinrichtungen 6 bis 9 auch manuell durch den Fahrer oder Beifahrer mittels Betäti­ gungseinrichtungen 14 wie Schalter oder Druckschalter ausgelöst werden, wenn diese vermuten oder erkennen, daß sich ein Unfall anbahnt oder daß es beim Einparken des eigenen oder eines anderen Fahrzeugs zu einer Kol­ lision kommt. Wird wenigstens einer der hierfür vorge­ sehenen Schalter oder Druckschalter 14 betätigt, werden im Fall des Einparkens diejenigen Ausfahrvorrichtungen 6 auf Veranlassung der Auswerteeinheit 11 über die Aus­ löseeinheit 12 betätigt, die zum Schutz von Insassen und Kraftfahrzeug beitragen können. Die Auswerteeinheit 11 ist so programmiert, daß sie bei niedrigen Annähe­ rungs- oder Aufprallgeschwindigkeiten, wie sie etwa beim Einparken oder Rangieren auftreten, nicht die bei­ spielsweise pyrotechnisch auszulösenden Sicher­ heitseinrichtungen 7 bis 9 zünden, sondern lediglich die betreffende Stoßstange 7 ganz oder teilweise aus­ fahren, sobald ein vorgegebener Mindestabstand zum Hin­ dernis unterschritten wird.In addition to the automatic activation by the evaluation unit 11 , the protective devices 6 to 9 can also be triggered manually by the driver or front passenger by means of actuation devices 14 such as switches or pressure switches if they suspect or recognize that an accident is in the offing or that it is parked in the own or another vehicle comes to a collision. If at least one of the switches or pressure switches 14 provided for this purpose is actuated, in the case of parking, those extension devices 6 are actuated at the instigation of the evaluation unit 11 via the release unit 12 , which can contribute to the protection of occupants and the motor vehicle. The evaluation unit 11 is programmed so that at low approaching or impact speeds, such as occur when parking or maneuvering, do not ignite the safety devices 7 to 9 to be triggered, for example, by pyrotechnic means, but only drive the relevant bumper 7 completely or partially as soon as the distance to the obstacle falls below a specified minimum.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn die Teile der Stoßstangen 7 auf bekannte Art und Weise aus deformierbarem Material bestehen, zum Beispiel aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, die Ausfahreinheiten der Ausfahrvorrichtungen 6 jedoch recht biegesteif konstruiert sind, so daß sie nach ei­ ner leichten Berührung nicht ausgetauscht, sondern in ihren Ausgangszustand zurückversetzt werden können und damit weiterhin brauchbar sind.It is advantageous if the parts of the bumpers 7 are made in a known manner from deformable material, for example from foamed plastic, but the extension units of the extension devices 6 are constructed to be quite rigid so that they are not replaced after a light touch, but instead can be restored to their original state and are therefore still usable.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich, wenn die Annäherungssen­ soren 10 aus verschiedenen Sensoren mit unterschiedli­ chem Funktionsprinzip kombiniert sind. Eine Möglichkeit ist die Kombination von Radar, Magnetfeld- und Infra­ rotsensoren. Damit ist es möglich, über die Messung der Temperatur oder über die Erkennung der Silhouette auch den Zusammenstoß mit einem Lebewesen zu detektieren und diese durch Ausfahren der "weichen" Stoßstangen 3 und durch Auslösen der Airbags 9 im Bug oder Heck des Fahr­ zeugs 1 zu schützen.Further advantages result if the proximity sensors 10 are combined from different sensors with different functional principles. One possibility is the combination of radar, magnetic field and infrared sensors. This makes it possible to detect the collision with a living being by measuring the temperature or by detecting the silhouette and to protect it by extending the “soft” bumpers 3 and by triggering the airbags 9 in the bow or stern of the vehicle 1 .

Das Airbagsystem kann pyrotechnisch aktiviert werden mittels Gasgenerator. Die Anordnung der Airbags 9 kann in unmittelbarer Nähe der Ausfahrvorrichtung 10 sein oder direkt in die Stoßstange 3 integriert. Die Akti­ vierung der Airbags 9 kann separat oder zusammen mit der Ausfahrvorrichtung 10 erfolgen.The airbag system can be pyrotechnically activated using a gas generator. The arrangement of the airbags 9 can be in the immediate vicinity of the extension device 10 or integrated directly into the bumper 3 . The acti vation of the airbags 9 can be done separately or together with the extension device 10 .

Die Airbags 9 bestehen aus einem Material, das ausrei­ chend Schutz gegen eindringende Teile gewährleistet und sind mit Luftabstromöffnungen bzw. Ventilen versehen. Bei dem Sicherheitssystem kann es sich um ein Mehrkam­ mern-Airbagsystem handeln, bestehend aus verschieden großen Luftkissen oder Hüllen aus verschiedenen Mate­ rialien mit unterschiedlichen Wandstärken. Vorteilhaft wird zum Befüllen der Luftkissen eine zeit- und druck­ variable Regelung eingesetzt, so daß auch beim Entwei­ chen des in die Luftkissen gefüllten Gases das Luft­ kissenvolumen konstant gehalten werden kann.The airbags 9 are made of a material that ensures adequate protection against penetrating parts and are provided with air outflow openings or valves. The security system can be a multi-chamber airbag system consisting of different sized air cushions or covers made of different materials with different wall thicknesses. A time and pressure variable control is advantageously used for filling the air cushion, so that the air cushion volume can be kept constant even when the gas filled in the air cushion escapes.

Das zum Befüllen der Airbags 8, 9 notwendige Gas kann beispielsweise mittels Hybridgeneratoren oder Druckgas­ generatoren erzeugt werden. Die Anordnung der Sicher­ heitseinrichtungen 6, 9 sollte bei allen Fahrzeugen auf einheitlicher Höhe erfolgen.The gas necessary for filling the airbags 8 , 9 can be generated, for example, by means of hybrid generators or compressed gas generators. The arrangement of the safety devices 6 , 9 should be carried out at a uniform height in all vehicles.

Claims (12)

1. Sicherheitssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug (1), beste­ hend aus Sicherheitseinrichtungen wie Airbags (8, 9), Gurtstraffern (7) und Ausfahrvorrichtungen (6) in den Stoßstangen (3), einer mit Annäherungssensoren (10) verbundenen Auswerteeinheit (11) und einer zum Auslösen der Sicherheitseinrichtungen (6 bis 9) dienenden Auslö­ seeinheit (12), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei besetz­ tem Fahrzeug (1) die Sicherheitseinrichtungen (6 bis 9) sowohl automatisch durch die Auswerteeinheit (11) als auch manuell vom Fahrer oder Beifahrer ausgelöst werden können.1. Safety system for a motor vehicle ( 1 ), consisting of safety devices such as airbags ( 8 , 9 ), belt tensioners ( 7 ) and extension devices ( 6 ) in the bumpers ( 3 ), an evaluation unit ( 11 ) connected to proximity sensors ( 10 ) and one for triggering the safety devices ( 6 to 9 ) tripping unit ( 12 ), characterized in that when the vehicle ( 1 ) is occupied, the safety devices ( 6 to 9 ) both automatically by the evaluation unit ( 11 ) and manually by the driver or front passenger can be triggered. 2. Sicherheitssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß es sich bei den Annäherungssensoren (10) um Infrarot- und/oder Magnetfeldsensoren handelt.2. Security system according to claim 1, characterized in that the proximity sensors ( 10 ) are infrared and / or magnetic field sensors. 3. Sicherheitssystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die als Annäherungssensoren (10) dienenden Infrarot- und/oder Magnetfeldsensoren mit ei­ nem Abstandswarnradar kombiniert sind.3. Security system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the serving as proximity sensors ( 10 ) infrared and / or magnetic field sensors are combined with egg nem distance warning radar. 4. Sicherheitssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Ausfahrvorrichtungen (6) stoßabsor­ bierend sind, daß sie mit auslösbaren Vorspannungsele­ menten wie Federn, pneumatischen und/oder hydraulischen Speichervolumina ausgestattet sind, daß ihre Auslösung mechanisch, pneumatisch, elektromagnetisch, elektrisch, pyrotechnisch oder aus einer Kombination hieraus er­ folgt und daß sie nach erfolgter Auslösung bei unbe­ schädigtem Zustand wieder in ihre ursprüngliche Posi­ tion verbracht werden können.4. Safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that the extension devices ( 6 ) are shock-absorbing, that they are equipped with releasable preloading elements such as springs, pneumatic and / or hydraulic storage volumes, that their release is mechanical, pneumatic, electromagnetic, electrical, pyrotechnic or from a combination of these, it follows and that they can be returned to their original position after tripping in an undamaged condition. 5. Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorangehenden An­ sprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß außen an den Stoßstangen (3) und an den Fahrzeugtüren (4) wenig­ stens je ein Airbag (9) und ein Annäherungssensor (10) angeordnet sind.5. Security system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outside on the bumpers ( 3 ) and on the vehicle doors ( 4 ) little least each have an airbag ( 9 ) and a proximity sensor ( 10 ) are arranged. 6. Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorangehenden An­ sprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aus­ fahrvorrichtungen (6) über die Annäherungssensoren (10) oder von am Armaturenbrett und/oder am Lenkrad angeord­ neten Betätigungseinrichtungen (14) ausgelöst werden können.6. Security system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the driving devices ( 6 ) via the proximity sensors ( 10 ) or on the dashboard and / or on the steering wheel arranged actuators ( 14 ) can be triggered. 7. Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorangehenden An­ sprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betä­ tigungseinrichtungen (14) am Armaturenbrett oder am Lenkrad aus von Hand betätigbarem Schalter, Druckschal­ ter oder Druckknöpfen bestehen.7. Security system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the actuating devices ( 14 ) on the dashboard or on the steering wheel consist of a manually operated switch, pressure switch or push buttons. 8. Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorangehenden An­ sprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betä­ tigungseinrichtungen (14) aus um das Lenkrad herum an­ gebrachten elektrisch leitenden Kontaktstellen beste­ hen, die durch die Haut der Hand bei sich ändernden Überbrückungswiderständen, wie sie bei Streßsituationen auftreten, auslösbar sind.8. Security system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the actuating devices ( 14 ) from around the steering wheel to brought to electrically conductive contact points best pass through the skin of the hand with changing bridging resistances, as in the case of Stress situations occur that can be triggered. 9. Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorangehenden An­ sprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch die Annäherungssensoren (10) der Abstand zu einem Hindernis erfaßt wird, daß über die Auswerteeinheit (11) laufend die Abstandsänderung und die Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit zum Hindernis erfaßt wird und daß bei einer bestimm­ baren voraussichtlichen Aufprallgeschwindigkeit die Airbags (8; 9), Gurtstraffer (7) und Ausfahrvorrichtun­ gen (6) einzeln, in Gruppen oder insgesamt aktivierbar sind.9. Security system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the distance to an obstacle is detected by the proximity sensors ( 10 ) that the change in distance and the approach speed to the obstacle is continuously detected by the evaluation unit ( 11 ) and that at a determinable expected impact speed, the airbags ( 8 ; 9 ), belt tensioners ( 7 ) and Ausfahrvorrichtun conditions ( 6 ) can be activated individually, in groups or in total. 10. Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorangehenden An­ sprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich um ein Mehrkammern-Airbagsystem handelt, bestehend aus verschieden großen Luftkissen oder Hüllen aus unter­ schiedlichen Materialien und mit unterschiedlichen Wandstärken.10. Security system according to one of the preceding An Proverbs 1 to 9, characterized in that it is is a multi-chamber airbag system consisting of different sized air cushions or covers from under different materials and with different Wall thicknesses. 11. Sicherheitssystem nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß das Befüllen des Mehrkammern-Airbag­ systems mit einer zeit- und druckvariablen Steuerung überwacht wird, so daß das Luftkissenvolumen auch dann, wenn das eingefüllte Gas entweicht, konstant gehalten werden kann.11. Security system according to claim 10, characterized records that filling the multi-chamber airbag systems with a time and pressure variable control is monitored so that the air cushion volume even when the filled gas escapes, kept constant can be. 12. Sicherheitssystem nach einem der vorangehenden An­ sprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zum Befüllen der Airbags notwendige Gas mittels Hybridgene­ ratoren oder Druckgasgeneratoren erzeugt wird.12. Security system according to one of the preceding An sayings 1 to 11, characterized in that the to Filling the airbags with the necessary gas using hybrid genes generators or compressed gas generators is generated.
DE4426090A 1994-01-14 1994-07-22 Devices for protecting vehicle occupants and the body in a motor vehicle Expired - Fee Related DE4426090C2 (en)

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