DE4424753B4 - Retinal implant - Google Patents
Retinal implant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE4424753B4 DE4424753B4 DE4424753A DE4424753A DE4424753B4 DE 4424753 B4 DE4424753 B4 DE 4424753B4 DE 4424753 A DE4424753 A DE 4424753A DE 4424753 A DE4424753 A DE 4424753A DE 4424753 B4 DE4424753 B4 DE 4424753B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- shaped
- contact
- conductive
- flexible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/08—Devices or methods enabling eye-patients to replace direct visual perception by another kind of perception
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
- A61N1/0543—Retinal electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/16—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of eye parts, e.g. intraocular lens, cornea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36046—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of the eye
Abstract
Retina-Implantat, bestehend aus
– einem isolierenden Substrat, auf dem eine Filament-Elektroden-Array-Anordnung leitender Kontaktkörper angeordnet ist,
– einem auf oder in dem Substrat an angebrachten Leiterbahnsystem , das zur Ansteuerung der Kontaktkörper dient und mit Anschlüssen (Kontakt-Bumps) versehen ist, die an dem Substrat angebracht sind und mit einer externen oder implantierten Ansteuerungsvorrichtung in Verbindung stehen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
– das Substrat und die Kontaktkörper flexibel, verformbar und
– die Kontaktkörper noppen-, kegel- oder pyramidenförmig ausgebildet sind.Retina implant consisting of
An insulating substrate on which a filament electrode array arrangement of conductive contact bodies is arranged,
A conductor track system attached to or in the substrate, which serves to control the contact bodies and is provided with connections (contact bumps) which are attached to the substrate and are connected to an external or implanted control device,
characterized,
- The substrate and the contact body flexible, deformable and
- The contact body are knob-shaped, cone-shaped or pyramid-shaped.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Retina-Implantat gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1, wie es aus der US Patentschrift 5 109 844 bekannt ist.The invention relates to a retina implant according to the preamble of claim 1 as known from US Patent 5,109,844 is.
Stand der Technik; Nachteile des Standes der TechnikState of the art; disadvantage the state of the art
Erste Versuche wurden unternommen, konventionelle, starre Mikroelektroden direkt in die visuelle Hirnrinde eines Patienten zu implantieren (NIH, USA). Bei Elektrodenreizung empfand der blinde Patient eine Wahrnehmung von Leuchtpunkten.First attempts have been made conventional, rigid microelectrodes directly into the visual cerebral cortex to implant a patient (NIH, USA). With electrode irritation the blind patient felt a perception of luminous dots.
Nachteile: Es muß die Schädelkalotte geöffnet werden; operativ sehr aufwendig.Disadvantages: the skull cap must be opened; operationally very complex.
In der Retina müssen zur effektiven Ankopplung von Elektroden tiefere Strukturen erreicht werden. Ein flaches Elektroden-Array gemäß der US Patentschrift 5 109 844 würde dieser Aufgabe nicht Genüge leisten. Das dort beschriebene Substrat ist ca 300 um stark und entspricht einem üblichen starren Wafer.In the retina for effective coupling deeper structures can be achieved by electrodes. A flat electrode array according to the US Patent 5 109 844 would this task is not enough Afford. The substrate described there is approx. 300 µm thick and corresponds to a usual rigid wafer.
Einen möglichen Ansatz bilden Nadelkissen-Elektroden aus Silizium (Jones, K.E., Campbell, P.K., Normann, R.A.: A glass/silicon composite intracortical electrode array, Annals of Biomedical Engeneering, 20, 423-437 (1992). Meier, J.H., Selectivity and design of neuro-electronic interfaces. Ph.D. thesis, University of Twente (1992). Hoogerwerf, A.C., Wise, K.D.: A three-dimensional neural recording arrays. Int. Conf. Solid State Sensors and Actuators 120-123 (1991) und US Patentschrift 4 628 933. Nachteil: Diese Silizium-Strukturen sind starr, brechen leicht und sind in Bezug auf Biokompatibilität noch unzureichend erforscht.Pincushion electrodes are one possible approach made of silicon (Jones, K.E., Campbell, P.K., Normann, R.A .: A glass / silicon composite intracortical electrode array, annals of biomedical engineering, 20, 423-437 (1992). Meier, J.H., Selectivity and design of neuro-electronic interfaces. Ph.D. thesis, University of Twente (1992). Hoogerwerf, A.C., Wise, K.D .: A three-dimensional neural recording arrays. Int. Conf. Solid State Sensors and Actuators 120-123 (1991) and U.S. Patent 4 628 933. Disadvantage: These silicon structures are rigid, break light and are still insufficiently researched in terms of biocompatibility.
Aus der US Patentschrift 5 016 633 ist weiterhin ein subretinales Implantat bekannt, das im Bereich der Netzhaut angebracht wird und besteht aus Photodioden, deren elektrische Energie in aktive Elektroden eingespeist wird. Das Substrat ist vollkommen starr.From U.S. Patent 5,016,633 a subretinal implant is also known that is in the area is attached to the retina and consists of photodiodes whose electrical energy is fed into active electrodes. The substrate is completely rigid.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einem Retina-Implantat, bzw. der Retina-Kontaktstrukur, ein starres Substrat zu vermeiden und die einzelnen Punktelektroden so auszubilden, dass sie einen engen Kontakt mit der Retinaoberfläche und tieferen Schichten der Retina eingehen, hierbei aber die Retina möglichst wenig schädigen.The object of the invention is to a retinal implant, or the retinal contact structure, a rigid one To avoid substrate and to form the individual point electrodes in such a way that they are in close contact with the retinal surface and deeper layers of the retina, but here the retina preferably little harm.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Retina-Implantat nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.This task is accomplished through the retina implant solved according to claim 1. Advantageous refinements are characterized in the subclaims.
Mit der Erfindung erzielte VorteileWith the invention benefits achieved
Folgende Vorteile werden mit der Erfindung erziehe:The following advantages are with the Educate invention:
- – Die flexiblen Substrat und Kontaktstrukturen können in tiefere Strukturen der Retina eindringen und somit tiefer gelegene Zellen direkt erreichen. Damit werden geringe Reizstromstärken zur Stimulation der Nervenzelle benötigt. Eine auf tiefere Areale verteilte höhere räumliche Auflösung der Stimulation ist erreicht.- The flexible substrate and contact structures can go into deeper structures penetrate the retina and thus directly reach lower cells. In order to become low stimulus currents needed to stimulate the nerve cell. One on deeper areas distributed higher spatial resolution stimulation is achieved.
Das Filament-Elektroden-Array stellt eine elastische Kontaktstruktur eines Retina-Implantats dar, um eine neuroprothetische Sehhilfe für Patienten zu schaffen, die z.B. an Retinitis Pigmentosa erkrankt sind.The filament electrode array provides an elastic contact structure of a retinal implant to to create a neuroprosthetic vision aid for patients who e.g. are suffering from retinitis pigmentosa.
Erzeugte Verbesserung und Vorteile gegenüber dem Stand der TechnikGenerated improvement and advantages over the state of the art
Da es sich um äußerst flexible Strukturen handelt, wird die Retina minimal traumatisiert. Ein völlig neuer Ansatz besteht darin, das Filament-Elektroden-Array vollständig (einschließlich dem Elektrodenmaterial) aus biokompatiblen Materialien (z.B. Silikon Kautschuk) aufzubauen. Damit besteht ein weiterer Vorteil darin, daß nur geringe Abstoßungserscheinungen des retinalen Gewebes zu erwarten sind.Since the structures are extremely flexible, the retina is minimally traumatized. A completely new approach is the filament electrode array completely (including the Electrode material) made of biocompatible materials (e.g. silicone Rubber). Another advantage is that only minor signs of rejection of the retinal tissue are to be expected.
Grundzüge des LösungswegesBasics of the solution
Das Filament-Elektroden-Array (FEA)
besteht aus einem flexiblen, isolierenden Substrat und leitenden
Filamenten (siehe
Die Filamente selbst können aus leitendenden Polymeren (z.B. Polyacetylen oder Polypyrrol) oder leitendem Silikonkautschuk bestehen. Das flexible Material kann z.B. mit Metall dotiert sein oder Metallfasern enthalten, z.B. Gold, Silber, Platin oder Iridium. Ebenso können die Filamente dadurch hergestellt werden, daß flexible Metallfasern mit dem flexiblen Polymer oder Kautschuk umhüllt werden, wobei nur die Kontaktspitzen nicht isoliert sind. Es entstehen so kammförmige Elemente. Die Länge der Filamente beträgt ca. 10 – 50 um. Mögliche Substratmaterialien sind Polyimid oder isolierender Silikonkautschuk. Einfache Strukturen können durch Bearbeitung mit einer Wafer-Säge, Methoden der Mikroassemblierung oder bei komplexeren Strukturen durch Einsatz von Lithographie-Galvanoabformungstechnik erstellt werden. Die einzelnen Filamente werden selektiv angesteuert und müssen somit an eine Mikroelektronik, die implantiert sein kann oder extern am Körper angeordnet, ankoppelbar sein. Die Mikroelektronik zur Ansteuerung des Arrays wird beispielsweise an die Ausgänge einer Videokamera angeschlossen. Das Bild der Videokamera muß dann natürlich zwischenverarbeitet werden, so daß nur relativ große Körper erkennbar werden. Die Bildelemente der Videokamera müssen ja mit der Anzahl der Elektroden des Arrays übereinstimmen. Die Kontaktierung der einzelnen Filamente bzw. zu dem flexiblen Substrat mit elektronischen Bauelementen kann über Anschlüsse (Kontakte-Bumps) an den Kanten des Substrats erfolgen. Die Kontakte-Bumps und die entsprechende Oberfläche des Substrates, die zur Aufnahme der Filamente vorgesehen sind, werden so mikromechanisch strukturiert, daß eine Klettverschluß-ähnliche Verbindung zwischen dem flexiblen Elektroden-Array und dem Substrat entsteht.The filaments themselves can consist of conductive polymers (eg polyacetylene or polypyrrole) or conductive silicone rubber. The flexible material can, for example, be doped with metal or contain metal fibers, for example gold, silver, platinum or iridium. The filaments can also be produced by coating flexible metal fibers with the flexible polymer or rubber, only the contact tips not being insulated. This creates comb-shaped elements. The length of the filaments is approximately 10-50 µm. Possible substrate materials are polyimide or insulating silicone rubber. Simple structures can be created by machining with a wafer saw, methods of microassembly or, in the case of more complex structures, by using lithographic electroplating technology. The individual filaments are controlled selectively and must therefore be able to be coupled to microelectronics, which can be implanted or arranged externally on the body. The microelectronics for controlling the array are, for example, connected to the outputs of a video camera closed. The image of the video camera must then of course be processed in such a way that only relatively large bodies can be recognized. The picture elements of the video camera must match the number of electrodes in the array. The individual filaments or to the flexible substrate can be contacted with electronic components via connections (contact bumps) on the edges of the substrate. The contact bumps and the corresponding surface of the substrate, which are provided for receiving the filaments, are structured micromechanically in such a way that a Velcro-like connection is created between the flexible electrode array and the substrate.
Eine Modifizierung des flexiblen
Elektroden-Array zu einer Kontaktstruktur mit konischen Elektroden-Arrays
ist möglich
und in
Die konischen Elemente sind ebenfalls leitende Silikon-Kautschuk-Noppen oder Prismen auf isolierendem Silikon-Kautschuk-Substrat. Die Höhe der Noppen beträgt dabei etwa 20 μm, die Kantenlänge 25 μm.The conical elements are also conductive silicone rubber nubs or prisms on insulating Silicone rubber substrate. The height of the knobs is about 20 μm, the edge length 25 μm.
Das Retina-Implantat wird zwischen der Retina und dem Glaskörper, aber außerhalb des Strahlenganges implantiert, wobei sich die Filamente bzw. Noppen oder Prismen in die Retina eindrücken ohne sie zu verletzen. Diese Körper sollten in jedem Falle so ausgebildet sein, daß sich die leitenden Spitzen der Kamm- oder Wabenstruktur in das Gewebe der Retina eindrücken lassen, ohne diese zu traumatisieren und so elektrische Impulse auch in tiefere Regionen einbringbar sind.The retina implant is between the retina and vitreous, but outside of the beam path implanted, the filaments or nubs or press prisms into the retina without hurting her. These bodies should in any case be designed so that the conductive tips of the Have the comb or honeycomb structure pressed into the tissue of the retina, without traumatizing them and thus electrical impulses even in deeper regions can be brought in.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4424753A DE4424753B4 (en) | 1994-07-13 | 1994-07-13 | Retinal implant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4424753A DE4424753B4 (en) | 1994-07-13 | 1994-07-13 | Retinal implant |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE4424753A1 DE4424753A1 (en) | 1996-01-18 |
DE4424753B4 true DE4424753B4 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
Family
ID=6523072
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE4424753A Expired - Fee Related DE4424753B4 (en) | 1994-07-13 | 1994-07-13 | Retinal implant |
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DE (1) | DE4424753B4 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998017344A1 (en) | 1996-10-23 | 1998-04-30 | Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Universitätsklinikum | Optically controllable microelectrode arrangement for stimulating cells, in particular a retina implant |
DE19705988C2 (en) | 1996-10-23 | 2002-04-11 | Univ Eberhard Karls | Retinal implant |
US5935155A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-08-10 | John Hopkins University, School Of Medicine | Visual prosthesis and method of using same |
DE10020846A1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-12-06 | Intelligent Implants Gmbh | Micro-contact structure for neuroprostheses for implantation on nerve tissue and method therefor |
DE10144704B4 (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2007-10-04 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Method for connecting a component to a carrier |
DE10355815B4 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2006-06-29 | Universität Zu Lübeck | Electrode for nerve tissue |
US20110125090A1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2011-05-26 | Peyman Gholam A | Ophthalmic drug delivery system and method |
CN106491242A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-03-15 | 黄飞 | Artificial cornea |
CN106473837A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-03-08 | 黄飞 | Artificial cornea |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4628933A (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1986-12-16 | Michelson Robin P | Method and apparatus for visual prosthesis |
US5016633A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-05-21 | Chow Alan Y | Artificial retina device |
US5109844A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-05-05 | Duke University | Retinal microstimulation |
-
1994
- 1994-07-13 DE DE4424753A patent/DE4424753B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4628933A (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1986-12-16 | Michelson Robin P | Method and apparatus for visual prosthesis |
US5016633A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-05-21 | Chow Alan Y | Artificial retina device |
US5109844A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-05-05 | Duke University | Retinal microstimulation |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
HOOGERWERF, A.C., WISE, K.D.: A three-dimensional neural recording array. In: Internat.Conf. on So- lid-State Sensors and Actuators. Digest of Techni- cal Papers, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 1991, S.120-123. |
HOOGERWERF, A.C., WISE, K.D.: A three-dimensional neural recording array. In: Internat.Conf. on So- lid-State Sensors and Actuators. Digest of Techni-cal Papers, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 1991, S.120-123. * |
JONES, K.E., CAMPELL, P.K., NORMANN, R.A.: A glass /silicon composite intracortical electrode array. In: Ann. Biomed. Eng. (USA), Vol.20, 1992, Nr.4. S.423-437. |
JONES, K.E., CAMPELL, P.K., NORMANN, R.A.: A glass/silicon composite intracortical electrode array. In: Ann. Biomed. Eng. (USA), Vol.20, 1992, Nr.4. S.423-437. * |
MEIER, J.H.: Selectivity and desing of neuro-elec- tronic interfaces. PhD thesis, Universe of Twente, 1992. |
MEIER, J.H.: Selectivity and desing of neuro-elec-tronic interfaces. PhD thesis, Universe of Twente,1992. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE4424753A1 (en) | 1996-01-18 |
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8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |