DE4108647A1 - Drive system for agricultural or industrial vehicle - uses electrical generator driving electric motor for each vehicle driven wheel - Google Patents

Drive system for agricultural or industrial vehicle - uses electrical generator driving electric motor for each vehicle driven wheel

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Publication number
DE4108647A1
DE4108647A1 DE4108647A DE4108647A DE4108647A1 DE 4108647 A1 DE4108647 A1 DE 4108647A1 DE 4108647 A DE4108647 A DE 4108647A DE 4108647 A DE4108647 A DE 4108647A DE 4108647 A1 DE4108647 A1 DE 4108647A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
wheel
drive
electric motor
drive according
vehicle
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Granted
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DE4108647A
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German (de)
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DE4108647C2 (en
Inventor
Heinz Dipl Ing Weiss
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Deere and Co
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Deere and Co
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Priority to DE4108647A priority Critical patent/DE4108647A1/en
Publication of DE4108647A1 publication Critical patent/DE4108647A1/en
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Publication of DE4108647C2 publication Critical patent/DE4108647C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0061—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being parallel to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

The drive system uses an electrical generator driven by the vehicle ic engine and coupled to respective continuously variable electric motors (22) for each of the vehicle driven wheels (10). The rotor (24) of each electric motor (22) is supported by a fixed bearing (30) and a loose bearing provided by a drive spline (34) on opposite sides. The drive spline (34) uses between 2 diametrically opposing driven cogs (36, 38), in turn cooperating with an input cog (40) for the end drive. Pref the dia. of the input cog (40) is greater than that of the electric motor drive spline (34). ADVANTAGE - Improved drive efficiency.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Radantrieb für landwirt­ schaftliche oder industrielle Fahrzeuge, bei denen die Antriebsleistung von einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine er­ zeugt, in einem fahrzeugeigenen Generator in elektrische Energie umgewandelt und auf mehrere die einzelnen Räder des Fahrzeuges antreibende, stufenlos einstellbare Elek­ tromotoren verteilt wird.The invention relates to a wheel drive for farmers commercial or industrial vehicles where the Drive power from an internal combustion engine testifies in an in-vehicle generator in electrical Energy converted and on several the individual wheels of the vehicle driving, continuously adjustable elec tromotor is distributed.

Trotz mannigfaltiger Vorschläge muß das Antriebskonzept allradgetriebener Ackerschlepper als nicht hinreichend ge­ löst angesehen werden. Bei einem starren Antrieb von Vor­ der- und Hinterachse ergeben sich bei Null-Vorlauf der Vorderachse auf dem Acker zu geringe Vortriebskräfte und mit steigendem Vorlauf von zwei und mehr Prozent auf der Straße Reifenverschleiß an den Vorderrädern, so daß der Vorderradantrieb abgeschaltet werden muß. Auf diese Weise kann das Vorderachsgewicht weder für den Antrieb noch für das Bremsen genutzt werden. Um diesen Nachteil zu vermei­ den, kann beim Bremsen der Vorderradantrieb automatisch wieder zugeschaltet werden. Dies führt zum Teil zu un­ kontrollierten Fahrzuständen.Despite various proposals, the drive concept four-wheel drive agricultural tractor as insufficient ge solves being viewed. With a rigid drive from Vor der- and rear axle result in zero advance of Front axle on the field too low propulsive forces and with increasing lead of two and more percent on the Road tire wear on the front wheels so that the Front wheel drive must be switched off. In this way the front axle weight can neither for the drive nor for braking can be used. To avoid this disadvantage the front wheel drive can brake automatically be switched on again. This sometimes leads to un controlled driving conditions.

Bei Kurvenfahrt treten die Probleme noch drastischer in Erscheinung. Mit steigendem Einschlagwinkel nimmt der ne­ gative Schlupf des innenlaufenden Vorderrades zu, wodurch dieses zunehmend gebremst wird und am Vortrieb des Fahr­ zeuges nicht teilnimmt. Bei Kurvenfahrt äußert sich das darin, daß der Wendekreis trotz Antrieb größer und nicht kleiner wird. Auf der Straße führt dies zu zusätzlichem Reifenverschleiß und im Feld zum Abscheeren der Grasnarbe. Besonders die engen Kurven am Vorgewende bereiten Prob­ leme.The problems are even more drastic when cornering Appearance. With increasing steering angle, the ne negative slip of the inner front wheel, which this is increasingly braked and the propulsion of the driver stuff does not participate. This is expressed when cornering in that the turning circle is larger and not despite the drive gets smaller. This leads to additional things on the road  Tire wear and in the field to shear the sward. Prob is particularly prepared by the tight bends on the headlands leme.

Lösungsansätze zur Behebung dieses Problems sind: zusätz­ liche Übersetzungsstufen im Antriebsstrang zur Vorder­ achse, Abschalten des äußeren Vorderrades wie z. B. beim NO-Spin-Differential, der permanente Allradantrieb mit Längsdifferential etc. Die Nachteile sind offensichtlich: Getriebesprünge, Abschalten eines Antriebsrades, unkon­ trollierte Umschaltung von Ziehen auf Bremsen, nur Antrieb über drei der vier Räder des Schleppers etc. Zunehmend be­ reitet auch die Abstützung des Vorderachsmomentes auf dem Boden Probleme.Possible solutions to solve this problem are: additional gear ratios in the drive train to the front axle, switching off the outer front wheel such. B. at NO spin differential, the permanent all-wheel drive with Longitudinal differential etc. The disadvantages are obvious: Gear jumps, switching off a drive wheel, uncon controlled switch from pulling to braking, only drive over three of the four wheels of the tractor etc. Increasingly also rides the support of the front axle torque on the Floor problems.

Mit den Vorschlägen der EP 01 11 037 B1 und der EP 01 17 945 B1 wurde der Versuch unternommen, die heute noch unterschiedlichen Antriebskonzepte für Vorderachse (außen­ liegender Planetentrieb) und Hinterachse (innenliegender Planetentrieb) zu standardisieren und zu einer Familie von außenliegenden Antrieben für gelenkte und ungelenkte Achsen zusammenzufassen. Bei den ungleichen Raddurch­ messern an Vorder- und Hinterachsen bei Standardschleppern ergibt sich ein Konzept, daß die Hinterräder der nächst kleineren Schlepperfamilie als Vorderräder der größeren Schlepperreihe eingesetzt werden können. Bei den genannten Vorschlägen ergaben sich hierbei im Prinzip zentrale Ein­ zelradantriebe, daß heißt, der Antrieb geht durch die Achsbrücke. Dieses schränkt die Bodenfreiheit und die Möglichkeiten in der Ausgestaltung der Achse ein. Darüber hinaus wurden die Mehrzahl der oben beschriebenen Probleme keiner Lösung zugeführt.With the proposals of EP 01 11 037 B1 and EP 01 17 945 B1 the attempt was made today different drive concepts for the front axle (outside horizontal planetary gear) and rear axle (internal Standardize planetary gear) and become a family of external drives for steered and unguided Summarize axes. With the uneven wheel through knives on front and rear axles on standard tractors A concept emerges that the rear wheels are the next smaller tractor family than the front wheels of the larger ones Tractor series can be used. With the above In principle, suggestions arose here zelradantriebe, that is, the drive goes through the Axle bridge. This limits the ground clearance and the Possibilities in the design of the axis. About that in addition, the majority of the problems described above no solution.

Während die EP 01 13 490 B1 und die EP 01 12 421 B1 Längs­ differentiale beschreiben, welche das Motormoment in einem vorgegebenen Verhältnis auf die Vorderachse und Hinter­ achse aufteilen und als permanente Antriebe fast alle An­ triebsprobleme der Vorderachse lösen, beschreiben die DE 35 43 871 C1 und die EP 02 28 617 B1 erste Versuche, die Differentialwirkung in die Radantriebe zu verlegen, das heißt ohne Längs- und Querdifferentiale auszukommen. Diese Überlegungen zeigten noch nicht den gewünschten Er­ folg.While EP 01 13 490 B1 and EP 01 12 421 B1 are longitudinal differentials that describe the engine torque in one  predetermined ratio on the front axle and rear Split axis and almost all types as permanent drives solve drive problems of the front axle, describe the DE 35 43 871 C1 and EP 02 28 617 B1 first attempts to transfer the differential effect into the wheel drives, that is, without longitudinal and transverse differentials. These considerations did not yet show the desired Er follow

Während der permanente mechanische Frontantrieb mit Längs­ differential heute als der bestmögliche Allradantrieb an­ gesehen werden kann, ist es das Ziel der vorliegenden Er­ findung, eine Lösung anzugeben, die in technischer Hin­ sicht keine Fragen mehr offen läßt und die dargestellten Probleme überwindet.During the permanent mechanical front-wheel drive with longitudinal differential today as the best possible all-wheel drive can be seen, it is the goal of the present Er finding to provide a solution that in technical hin leaves no questions unanswered and the ones presented Overcomes problems.

Hierzu wird der Antrieb des Ackerschleppers in Einzelrad­ antriebe aufgelöst, welche die in der EP 01 11 037 B1 und der EP 01 17 945 B1 beschriebenen Konzepte befolgen. Jeder Radantrieb enthält, wie es im Zusammenhang mit Lastzügen schon aus der DE-OS 22 41 878 hervorgeht, einen Elektro­ motor. Die Energie für den Elektromotor wird von einer fahrzeugeigenen Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einem nach­ geschalteten Generator bereitgestellt.For this purpose, the tractor is driven in a single wheel drives resolved which the in EP 01 11 037 B1 and follow the concepts described in EP 01 17 945 B1. Everyone Includes wheel drive as it is related to road trains already emerges from DE-OS 22 41 878, an electric engine. The energy for the electric motor is provided by one vehicle internal combustion engine and one after switched generator provided.

Die mit der Erfindung zu lösende Aufgabe wird darin ge­ sehen, einen Radantrieb der eingangs genannten Art anzu­ geben, der auch für landwirtschaftliche und industrielle Fahrzeuge nutzbar ist, bei dem der Rotor des Elektromotors frei von Radialkräften ist, die von dem Antriebsritzel ausgehen, und bei dem die Motorbaulänge möglichst klein gehalten wird.The problem to be solved with the invention is therein ge see to turn on a wheel drive of the type mentioned give also for agricultural and industrial Vehicles can be used in which the rotor of the electric motor is free of radial forces from the drive pinion go out, and in which the engine length as small as possible is held.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Rotor des Elektromotors in einem Festlager und in einem Loslager gelagert ist, wobei das Loslager durch ein An­ triebsritzel gebildet wird, welches zwischen zwei sich diametral gegenüberliegenden Abtriebsrädern angeordnet ist und diese antreibt, und wobei die Abtriebsräder ihrerseits mit einem gemeinsamen Eingangsrad für den Endantrieb in Eingriff stehen. Der Rotor wird durch das Festlager in axialer Richtung fixiert und auf der anderen Seite zwi­ schen den Abtriebsrädern geführt.The object is achieved in that the Rotor of the electric motor in a fixed bearing and one  Floating bearing is stored, the floating bearing by an Drive pinion is formed, which is between two themselves diametrically opposite driven wheels is arranged and drives them, and with the driven wheels in turn with a common input wheel for the final drive in Stand by. The rotor is in through the fixed bearing fixed in the axial direction and on the other side between between the driven wheels.

Der erfindungsgemäße Radantrieb hat eine vergleichsweise geringe Baulänge, da gegenüber konventionellen Elektro­ motoren ein Pestlager eingespart wird. Ferner ergibt sich ein von Radialkräften freier Antrieb, was bei den ge­ wünschten hohen Drehzahlen zu einer Wirkungsgradverbes­ serung führt.The wheel drive according to the invention has a comparative short overall length, as compared to conventional electronics a plague camp is saved. It also follows a drive free of radial forces, which is what the ge wanted high speeds to reduce efficiency leads.

Der Antrieb läßt sich vollständig von der Radaufhängung (z. B. Lenkachse) trennen. Hierdurch eröffnen sich Frei­ heiten, die Achse als Hoch-, Standard- oder Niedrigachse auszuführen, wobei immer ein gleichartiger Radantrieb ein­ setzbar ist (Modulbauweise). Bis auf die unterschiedlichen Achsanschlüsse werden grundsätzlich keine zusätzlichen Teile notwendig und zwar unabhängig davon, ob es sich um eine Lenkachse oder eine ungelenkte Achse handelt.The drive can be completely from the wheel suspension (e.g. steering axle). This opens up freedom the axis as a high, standard or low axis to execute, always a similar wheel drive is settable (modular construction). Except for the different ones Axle connections are generally not additional Parts necessary, regardless of whether it is a steering axle or an unguided axle.

Vorzugsweise ist der Radantrieb so ausgelegt, daß der Elektromotor und/oder die Radaufhängung außerhalb der Rad­ achse an das Endantriebsgehäuse anflanschbar sind.Preferably, the wheel drive is designed so that the Electric motor and / or the wheel suspension outside the wheel axis can be flanged to the final drive housing.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Radantrieb findet zweckmäßiger­ weise ein Elektromotor Anwendung, welcher von der Drehzahl Null bis zur Maximaldrehzahl stufenlos verstellt werden kann. In Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Geschwindigkeit und dem gewünschten Lenkradius berechnet ein Computer die erforderliche Drehzahl für jede Antriebseinheit, stellt diese ein und kontrolliert sie. Besonders geeignet ist die Verwendung eines Asynchronmotors.In the wheel drive according to the invention takes place more appropriately as an electric motor application, which depends on the speed Infinitely variable up to the maximum speed can. Depending on the desired speed and the desired steering radius is calculated by a computer required speed for each drive unit  this one and controls it. The is particularly suitable Using an asynchronous motor.

Da die Elektromotoren in Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsrichtung in gleicher Weise antreiben und bremsen können, ergeben sich bei dem Einzelradantriebskonzept weder bevorzugte Fahrtrichtungen noch (bei geeigneter Ansteuerung der Elektromotoren) Verspannungen zwischen den Rädern hin­ sichtlich Drehen auf der Stelle, Rundgang, Einzelradlen­ kung oder normalem Lenkeinschlag. Bis auf Stromkabel und Steuerleitungen beeinträchtigt nichts die modulare und funktionsgerechte Anordnung aller Komponenten, ob gefe­ derte oder ungefederte Achse, Schmal-, Normal- oder Weit­ spur-Schlepper, Hochrad-, Standard- oder Niedrig-Schlepper etc. Keine Antriebswellen oder Kardanantriebe behindern die Gestaltungsfreiheit.Because the electric motors in the forward and reverse directions can drive and brake in the same way, result preferred neither with the single wheel drive concept Driving directions still (with suitable control of the Electric motors) tension between the wheels visibly turning on the spot, tour, single wheel steering or normal steering lock. Except for power cables and Control lines do not affect the modular and Functional arrangement of all components, whether Gefe direct or unsprung axle, narrow, normal or wide Spur tractor, high-wheel, standard or low tractor etc. Do not hinder drive shafts or cardan drives the freedom of design.

Die fliegende Lagerung einer Antriebswelle, deren Ein­ gangsrad zwischen zwei Zwischenrädern gelagert ist, ist zwar durch die DE 36 40 947 A1 bekannt geworden, hierbei handelt es sich jedoch um eine Antriebswelle, die über ein Universalgelenk mit einem Differentialgetriebe in Ver­ bindung steht. Probleme, die bei modularem Einzelradan­ trieb und in Verbindung mit einem Elektromotor auftreten, werden nicht angesprochen.The flying bearing of a drive shaft, its one gear wheel is mounted between two idler gears Although known from DE 36 40 947 A1, here however, it is a drive shaft that has a Universal joint with a differential gear in ver bond stands. Problems with modular single wheel driven and occur in connection with an electric motor, are not addressed.

Vorzugsweise bilden Elektromotor und Antriebsritzel eine Einheit und werden von außen an ein Getriebegehäuse, das den Endantrieb aufnimmt, angeflanscht. Das Endantriebs­ getriebe kann zweckmäßigerweiser wahlweise aus einer einstufigen Stirnradstufe oder einer Stirnradstufe mit einer nachgeschalteten Planetenradstufe bestehen. Dies ermöglicht eine hinreichende Untersetzung der relativ hohen Motordrehzahl. The electric motor and drive pinion preferably form one Unit and be attached to the outside of a gearbox housing that receives the final drive, flanged. The final drive gear can expediently optionally from one single-stage spur gear stage or a spur gear stage with a downstream planetary gear stage. This enables a sufficient reduction of the relative high engine speed.  

Um eine zuverlässige Abdichtung des Elektromotors gegen­ über dem Naßraum des Endantriebes, in dessen Gehäuse sich flüssiges Schmiermittel befindet, zu gewährleisten, ist es von Vorteil, die Antriebswelle des Elektromotors gegenüber dem Endantriebsgehäuse durch eine Dichtung abzudichten.To reliably seal the electric motor against over the wet area of the final drive, in the housing itself liquid lubricant, to ensure it is advantageous compared to the drive shaft of the electric motor to seal the final drive housing with a seal.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Further advantageous refinements and developments the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Anhand der Zeichnung, die ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Er­ findung zeigt, sollen die Erfindung sowie weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung näher beschrieben und erläutert werden.Based on the drawing, which is an embodiment of the Er shows invention, the invention and other advantages and advantageous developments and refinements of Invention will be described and explained in more detail.

Es zeigt:It shows:

Fig. 1 das Prinzipbild eines erfindungsgemäßen Einzel­ radantriebes und Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of a single wheel drive according to the invention and

Fig. 2 die Aufsicht der Stirnradstufe. Fig. 2 is the supervision of the spur gear.

Aus der Fig. 1 geht ein Rad 10, beispielsweise das eines Ackerschleppers hervor, dessen Radachse 12 durch zwei Lager 14, 16 in einem fahrzeugfesten Endantriebsgehäuse 18 gelagert ist. Das Endantriebsgehäuse 18 wird durch einen Achskörper 20 getragen, bei dem es sich sowohl um eine Starrachse als auch um eine Lenkachse handeln kann. Der Achskörper 20 greift radial zur Radachse 12 versetzt am Endantriebsgehäuse 18 an.From FIG. 1, a wheel 10 is, for example, an agricultural tractor forth, whose wheel axle 12 is supported by two bearings 14, 16 in a vehicle-fixed final drive 18th The final drive housing 18 is carried by an axle body 20 , which can be both a rigid axle and a steering axle. The axle body 20 engages radially with respect to the wheel axle 12 on the final drive housing 18 .

Ebenfalls radial zur Radachse 12 versetzt ist ein Elektro­ motor 22 an dem Endantriebsgehäuse 18 angeflanscht. Bei dem Elektromotor 22 handelt es sich um einen Asynchron­ motor mit einem Rotor 24 und einer Ständerwicklung 26. Die den Rotor 24 tragende Motorwelle 28 ist an einem Ende in einem Lager 30 gehalten, welches als Festlager dient und den Rotor 24 sowohl in radialer als auch axialer Lage fixiert.Also offset radially to the wheel axle 12 is an electric motor 22 flanged to the final drive housing 18 . The electric motor 22 is an asynchronous motor with a rotor 24 and a stator winding 26 . The motor shaft 28 carrying the rotor 24 is held at one end in a bearing 30 which serves as a fixed bearing and fixes the rotor 24 in both a radial and an axial position.

Das andere Ende der Motorwelle 28 weist kein solches Lager auf. Es steht lediglich über eine Dichtung 32 mit dem End­ antriebsgehäuse 18 in Verbindung, um die Durchtritts­ öffnung im Endantriebsgehäuse 18 gegen Schmiermittelaus­ tritt abzudichten. Dieses andere Ende der Motorwelle 28 trägt ein Antriebsritzel 34, das in das Endantriebsgehäuse 18 hinein ragt.The other end of the motor shaft 28 has no such bearing. It is only connected via a seal 32 to the end drive housing 18 in order to seal the passage opening in the final drive housing 18 against lubricant leakage. This other end of the motor shaft 28 carries a drive pinion 34 which projects into the final drive housing 18 .

Wie es aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, steht das Antriebsritzel 34 mit einer Stirnradstufe des Endantriebes in Eingriff. Es greift in die Verzahnung zweier sich diametral gegenüber­ stehender Abtriebsräder 36, 38 ein, die ihrerseits mit einem Eingangsrad 40 des Endantriebes in Eingriff stehen. Durch diesen Zahneingriff ist das Antriebsritzel 34 in radialer Richtung festgelegt. Es kann weder seitlich noch in vertikaler Richtung ausbrechen.As apparent from Fig. 2, is the drive pinion 34 having a spur gear of the final drive in engagement. It engages in the toothing of two diametrically opposed driven wheels 36 , 38 , which in turn are in engagement with an input wheel 40 of the final drive. The drive pinion 34 is fixed in the radial direction by this tooth engagement. It cannot break out laterally or vertically.

Das Eingangsrad 40 steht gemäß Fig. 1 über eine konzen­ trisch zur Radachse 12 angeordnete Hülse 42 mit einem Sonnenrad 44 eines Planetengetriebes in Verbindung. Das Sonnenrad 44 treibt mehrere auf einem Planetenradträger 46 angeordnete Planetenräder 48 an, die auf einem gehäuse­ festen Hohlrad 50 abrollen. Der Planetenradträger 46 ist drehfest auf der Radachse 12 montiert und überträgt das Drehmoment auf das Rad 10.The input wheel 40 is shown in FIG. 1 via a concentrically arranged to the wheel axis 12 sleeve 42 with a sun gear 44 of a planetary gear in connection. The sun gear 44 drives a plurality of planet gears 48 which are arranged on a planet gear carrier 46 and which roll on a ring gear 50 fixed to the housing. The planet gear carrier 46 is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner on the wheel axle 12 and transmits the torque to the wheel 10 .

Auch wenn die Erfindung lediglich an Hand eines Ausfüh­ rungsbeispiels beschrieben wurde, erschließen sich für den Fachmann im Lichte der vorstehenden Beschreibung viele verschiedenartige Alternativen, Modifikationen und Va­ rianten, die unter die vorliegende Erfindung fallen.Even if the invention is only based on an embodiment example was described for the Many skilled in the light of the foregoing description various alternatives, modifications and Va Rianten that fall under the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. Radantrieb für landwirtschaftliche oder industrielle Fahrzeuge, bei denen die Antriebsleistung von einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine erzeugt, in einem fahrzeug­ eigenen Generator in elektrische Energie umgewandelt und auf mehrere die einzelnen Räder (10) des Fahr­ zeuges antreibende, stufenlos einstellbare Elektro­ motoren (22) verteilt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rotor (24) des Elektromotors (22) in einem Festlager (30) und in einem Loslager gelagert ist, wobei das Loslager durch ein Antriebsritzel (34) ge­ bildet wird, welches zwischen zwei sich diametral gegenüberliegenden Abtriebsrädern (36, 38) angeordnet ist und diese antreibt, und wobei die Abtriebsräder (36, 38) ihrerseits gemeinsam mit einem Eingangsrad (40) für den Endantrieb in Eingriff stehen.1. Wheel drive for agricultural or industrial vehicles, in which the drive power generated by an internal combustion engine, converted into electrical energy in a vehicle's own generator and distributed to several individual wheels ( 10 ) of the vehicle, continuously adjustable electric motors ( 22 ) , characterized in that the rotor ( 24 ) of the electric motor ( 22 ) is mounted in a fixed bearing ( 30 ) and in a floating bearing, the floating bearing being formed by a drive pinion ( 34 ) which is located between two diametrically opposite driven wheels ( 36 , 38 ) is arranged and drives it, and the driven wheels ( 36 , 38 ) in turn are in engagement with an input wheel ( 40 ) for the final drive. 2. Radantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser des Eingangsrades (40) wesentlich größer als der des Abtriebsritzels (34) des Elektro­ motors (22) ist.2. Wheel drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the input wheel ( 40 ) is substantially larger than that of the output pinion ( 34 ) of the electric motor ( 22 ). 3. Radantrieb nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß das Abtriebsritzel (34) ein Getriebe antreibt, das aus einer Stirnradstufe des Endan­ triebes besteht.3. Wheel drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the output pinion ( 34 ) drives a transmission which consists of a spur gear stage of the end drive. 4. Radantrieb nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stirnradstufe eine Planetenradstufe nachge­ schaltet ist. 4. Wheel drive according to claim 3, characterized in that the spur gear stage is a planetary gear stage is switched.   5. Radantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektromotor (22) an ein End­ antriebsgehäuse (18) anflanschbar ist und sein An­ triebsritzel (34) in das Endantriebsgehäuse (18) hin­ ein ragt.5. Wheel drive according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electric motor ( 22 ) at one end drive housing ( 18 ) can be flange-mounted and its drive pinion ( 34 ) in the final drive housing ( 18 ) protrudes. 6. Radantrieb nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektromotorwelle (28) gegenüber dem Endan­ triebsgehäuse (18) durch eine Dichtung (32) abge­ dichtet ist.6. Wheel drive according to claim 5, characterized in that the electric motor shaft ( 28 ) with respect to the end drive housing ( 18 ) is sealed by a seal ( 32 ). 7. Radantrieb nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Elektromotorwelle (28) gegenüber der Radachse (12) radial versetzt am Endantriebs­ gehäuse (18) anflanschbar ist.7. Wheel drive according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the electric motor shaft ( 28 ) relative to the wheel axis ( 12 ) offset radially on the final drive housing ( 18 ) can be flanged. 8. Radantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Radaufhängung (20) radial außerhalb der Radachse (12) an der Radnabe (18) an­ greift.8. Wheel drive according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wheel suspension ( 20 ) engages radially outside the wheel axis ( 12 ) on the wheel hub ( 18 ). 9. Radantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Elektromotor (22) ein Asynchronmotor ist.9. Wheel drive according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electric motor ( 22 ) is an asynchronous motor.
DE4108647A 1991-03-16 1991-03-16 Drive system for agricultural or industrial vehicle - uses electrical generator driving electric motor for each vehicle driven wheel Granted DE4108647A1 (en)

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