DE3831787A1 - Adhesion bonding method - Google Patents

Adhesion bonding method

Info

Publication number
DE3831787A1
DE3831787A1 DE19883831787 DE3831787A DE3831787A1 DE 3831787 A1 DE3831787 A1 DE 3831787A1 DE 19883831787 DE19883831787 DE 19883831787 DE 3831787 A DE3831787 A DE 3831787A DE 3831787 A1 DE3831787 A1 DE 3831787A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
adhesive
elements
heat
resistance element
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19883831787
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Roger Pascal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of DE3831787A1 publication Critical patent/DE3831787A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3428—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding said at least a single wire having a waveform, e.g. a sinusoidal form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3436—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising independent continuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/344—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • C09J5/06—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3408—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3412—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3492—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic being carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B29K2305/08—Transition metals
    • B29K2305/10—Copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B29K2305/08—Transition metals
    • B29K2305/12—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Method of bonding two elements, in which the adhesion element used is an adhesive heated by a heating element which in turn is formed by a conductive resistance element incorporated into the adhesion element. The conductive element may be a metal wire, for example of copper, steel or constantan, and may have the form of a lattice or of essentially parallel wires or fibres. The conducting element is supplied with electrical current.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ver­ binden von zwei Elementen. Sie betrifft insbesondere ein Verbindungsverfahren durch Kleben. Sie betrifft auch die durch ein solchen Verfahren erhaltenen Produkte sowie die in diesem Verfahren verwendeten Elemente.The present invention relates to a method for ver tie two elements. It particularly affects one Bonding process by gluing. It also affects that products obtained by such a method as well as the elements used in this process.

Die moderne Industrie ist mehr und mehr mit Problemen des Verbindens von Teilen oder Elementen, welche eine Gesamtheit bilden, konfrontiert. Man kennt natürlich zahlreiche Ein­ richtungen mechanischen Verbindens, wie z. B. Schraubenbolzen mit Mutter, Schrauben, Nieten. Auch das Schweißen gilt als relativ geläufiges Verbindungsmittel mindestens für bestimmte Materialarten. Zur Zeit ist das Kleben ein mehr und mehr geläufiges und verbreitertes Verbindungsverfahren. Diese Verbindungsart ist besonders entwickelt worden, weil neue Klebstoffe großer Leistungsfähigkeit auf dem Markt erschienen sind. In diesem Zusammenhang kann man Cyanacrylat-, Epoxy- oder Polyurethan-Klebstoffe erwähnen.The modern industry is more and more with problems of the Connecting parts or elements that form a whole form, faced. Of course one knows numerous ones directions of mechanical connection, such as. B. Bolts with nut, screws, rivets. Welding is also considered relatively common lanyard at least for certain Material types. At the moment, gluing is more and more common and widened connection procedure. These Connection type has been especially developed because of new ones High performance adhesives appeared on the market are. In this context, cyanoacrylate, epoxy or mention polyurethane adhesives.

Das Verbinden von Teilen durch Kleben ist eine interessante Technik, welche jedoch eine Anzahl von Unzulänglichkeiten aufweist. Bestimmte Klebstoffe erfordern eine Erwärmung, um z. B. die Polymerisation von verschiedenen Bestandteilen zu erzielen; verschiedene andere haben eine andere unmittelbare Wirkung, aber die verwendeten Klebstoffe sind sehr kost­ spielig und können nur für kleine Klebungen verwendet werden. In allen Fällen ist das Kleben ein nicht zuverlässiges, kostspieliges Verfahren, welches sehr häufig eine erhebliche und im allgemeinen fachkundige Handarbeit erfordert, welche sehr häufig in feindlicher, ja sogar giftiger Umgebung (Cyanid-Dampf, flüchtige Amine) mit flüssigen Klebstoffen ausgeführt werden muß.Joining parts by gluing is an interesting one Technique, which, however, has a number of shortcomings having. Certain adhesives require heating to e.g. B. the polymerization of various components achieve; different others have a different immediate  Effect, but the adhesives used are very expensive playful and can only be used for small bonds. In all cases, gluing is not a reliable, costly process, which very often is a considerable one and generally requires skilled manual work which very often in hostile, even toxic environments (Cyanide vapor, volatile amines) with liquid adhesives must be carried out.

Diese Unzugänglichkeiten sind bereits überwunden worden durch Verwendung von wärmehärtbarem oder thermoplastischem oder vorimprägniertem wärmehärtbarem oder auch wärmeschmelz­ barem Klebstoff.These inaccessibilities have already been overcome by using thermosetting or thermoplastic or pre-impregnated thermosetting or heat melting hard adhesive.

Aber die wärmehärtbaren Klebstoffe weisen trotzdem die Unzugänglichkeit auf, schwierig verwendbar zu sein zum Verbinden von isolierenden oder schlechtleitenden Elementen wie z. B. von Holz oder Schaumstoff, wie z. B. Polyurethan- Acryl-, Phenol-, Polyethylen-Schaumstoff oder dergleichen. Um eine Aushärtung des Klebstoffes zu erzielen, ist es erforderlich, die mehr oder weniger isolierenden Elemente durchzuerhitzen, was einen großen Energieaufwand erfordert.But the thermosetting adhesives still have that Inaccessibility to be difficult to use Connecting insulating or poorly conductive elements such as B. of wood or foam, such as. B. polyurethane Acrylic, phenol, polyethylene foam or the like. To achieve curing of the adhesive, it is required the more or less insulating elements through heating, which requires a large amount of energy.

Man kann auch Filme bzw. Schichten wärmeschmelzbaren Kleb­ stoffs verwenden, bekannt auch unter der Bezeichnung "hot melt", aber die Anwendungsverfahren sind heikel, da es erforderlich ist, sie oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes durchzu­ führen und die zu klebenden Oberflächen sehr schnell in Berührung zu bringen. Dieses In-Berührung-Bringen ist um so heikler und schwieriger, je größere Abmessungen die zu verklebenden Oberflächen aufweisen.You can also use films or layers of heat-meltable adhesive use substance, also known as "hot melt ", but the application procedures are delicate since it it is necessary to carry them out above the melting point lead and the surfaces to be glued in very quickly To touch. This contact is all the more so more delicate and difficult, the larger the dimensions have adhesive surfaces.

Die vorliegende Erfindung will alle diese Unzugänglichkeiten überwinden und schlägt ein besonders einfaches, zuverlässiges und wirtschaftliches Klebeverfahren vor.The present invention wants all of these inaccessibilities overcome and proposes a particularly simple, reliable and economical adhesive process.

Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung besteht darin, eine thermo­ plastische, wärmeschmelzbare oder wärmehärtbare Schicht zu verwenden, welche durch ein leitendes Widerstandselement erhitzt wird. Aufgrund eines solchen Verfahrens wird der Klebstoff direkt erhitzt und es ergibt sich eine Verringerung des Energieverbrauches und eine Verringerung des Zeitzyklus', während welchem der Berührungsdruck aufrechterhalten werden muß.The method according to the invention is a thermo plastic, thermofusible or thermosetting layer  use which by a conductive resistance element is heated. Due to such a procedure, the The adhesive is heated directly and there is a reduction energy consumption and a reduction in the time cycle, during which the contact pressure is maintained got to.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das Klebeelement von einer Klebeschicht gebildet, welche durch ein Widerstandselement selbstheizend gemacht wird.According to a preferred method of the present invention the adhesive element is formed by an adhesive layer, which is made self-heating by a resistance element becomes.

Gemäß einem zusätzlichen Merkmal wird das Klebeelement von einer Klebeschicht gebildet, welche das Widerstandselement aufweist, welches durch einen elektrischen Strom versorgt werden kann. Das Klebeelement ist daher selbstheizend.According to an additional feature, the adhesive element of an adhesive layer formed which the resistance element which is supplied by an electrical current can be. The adhesive element is therefore self-heating.

Selbstverständlich kann das Klebeelement, welches von einer thermoplastischen, wärmeschmelzbaren oder wärmehärtbaren Schicht gebildet wird, verschiedenen Widerstandselementen zugeordnet werden, wie z. B. Kupfer, Stahl, Konstantan, Eisennickel, Aluminium, Kohlenstoff usw. Darüber hinaus können die Widerstandselemente verschiedene Aufmachungen aufweisen wie z. B. in Form eines Gitters, Gewebes oder eines Vlieses, ja sogar eines Metallpulvers.Of course, the adhesive element, which of a thermoplastic, thermofusible or thermosetting Layer is formed, various resistance elements assigned, such as B. copper, steel, constantan, Iron nickel, aluminum, carbon, etc. In addition the resistance elements can be put up differently have such. B. in the form of a grid, fabric or a fleece, even a metal powder.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. Darin zeigtFurther advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention result from the following Description of exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing. It shows

Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht von zwei verbundenen Elementen, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of two interconnected members,

Fig. 2 bis 11 eine erste Ausführungsform des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung, Fig 2 to 11 a first embodiment. Of the process according to the invention,

Fig. 2, 3, 3a, 3′a, 4, 5, 6, 7a verschiedene Ausführungsformen des Klebeelemen­ tes, Fig. 2, 3, 3a, 3'a, 4, 5, 6, 7a tes various embodiments of the Klebeelemen,

Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11 verschiedene Phasen einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung, Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11 different phases of an embodiment of the method according to the invention,

Fig. 12 eine perspektivische Ansicht von zwei zu ver­ bindenden Elementen, Fig. 12 is a perspective view of two to ver binding elements,

Fig. 13 und 14 zwei abgewandelte Ausführungsformen entsprechen­ der Widerstansdselemente, FIGS. 13 and 14 show two modified embodiments in accordance with the Widerstansdselemente,

Fig. 15 bis 18 abgewandelte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sowie des entsprechenden Klebeelementes, und Fig. 15 and 18 modified embodiments of the method and of the respective adhesive element, and

Fig. 19 und 20 eine andere Ausführungsform. FIGS. 19 and 20 another embodiment.

In Fig. 1 sind zwei verbundene Elemente dargestellt, d. h. ein erstes Element 1, welches aufgrund eines Klebeelementes 3 fest mit einem zweiten Element 2 verbunden ist.In Fig. 1 two connected elements are shown, ie a first element 1 , which is firmly connected to a second element 2 due to an adhesive element 3 .

Das Klebeelement 3 wird gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungs­ form von einer wärmeschmelzbaren oder wärmehärtbaren Schicht gebildet, welche durch Einverleibung eines Widerstandsele­ mentes 5, 51 selbstheizend gemacht wird. Die wärmeschmelzbare Schicht kann z. B. ein Thermoplast ionomerer Art (Copolymer aus Ethylen und Methacrylsäure), ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und Vinylacetat (EVA), ein Polyamid oder eine Kombination dieser Arten sein. Die Idee besteht darin, das Klebeelement aufgrund seines Widerstandselementes 5, 51 direkt zu heizen, um die wärmeschmelzbare Schicht auf eine Temperatur ungefähr gleich ihrem Schmelzpunkt zu bringen, und die beiden Elemente aufgrund der weich- oder flüssiggewordenen Schicht zu ver­ binden, indem ihre Fähigkeit genutzt wird, die sich gegen­ überliegenden beiden Substrate zu benetzen und nach Abkühlung in Form einer Verbindungsschicht erneut zu erstarren.The adhesive element 3 is formed according to a preferred embodiment form of a heat-fusible or thermosetting layer, which element 5, 51 is made self-heating by incorporating a resistance element. The heat-fusible layer can e.g. B. a thermoplastic ionomeric type (copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid), a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), a polyamide or a combination of these types. The idea is to directly heat the adhesive element due to its resistance element 5, 51 in order to bring the heat-fusible layer to a temperature approximately equal to its melting point, and to connect the two elements due to the layer that has become soft or liquid using their ability is to wet the opposing two substrates and to solidify again in the form of a connecting layer after cooling.

In den Fig. 2, 3 und 3a ist eine Ausführungsform eines Klebeelementes 3 dargestellt. Bei dieserAusführungsform ist das Widerstandselement 5 in eine wärmeschmelzbare Schicht 30 eingelassen. Dies kann durch Verpressen, Acrylieren, Beschichten oder Coextrudieren verwirklicht werden, welches an sich bekannte Verfahren sind, auf welche hier nicht zurückgekommen wird. Es wird klargestellt, daß das Acrylieren oder Beschichten von beiden Seiten des Widerstandselementes 5 durch zwei Folien 30, 30′ erfolgen kann, wie dies in den Fig. 2, 3, 3a dargestellt ist, oder von einer Seite, wie dies in Fig. 3′a dargestellt ist.In Figs. 2, 3 and 3a is an embodiment of an adhesive member 3 is shown. In this embodiment, the resistance element 5 is embedded in a heat-fusible layer 30 . This can be achieved by pressing, acrylating, coating or co-extruding, which are methods known per se and are not referred to here. It is clarified that the acrylating or coating from both sides of the resistance element 5 can be carried out by two foils 30, 30 ' , as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 3a, or from one side, as shown in Fig. 3rd 'A is shown.

Gemäß der dargestellten Form besteht das Widerstandselement 5 aus im wesentlichen parallelen Drähten, welche aus Kupfer, Stahl, Eisennickel, Konstantan oder aus Kohlenstofffäden- oder -fasern bestehen können.According to the form shown, the resistance element 5 consists of essentially parallel wires, which can consist of copper, steel, iron nickel, constantan or of carbon filaments or fibers.

Das Heizen des Klebeelementes 3 erfolgt z. B. durch Zufuhr von elektrischem Strom zum Widerstandselement 5, welches als heizender Widerstand verwendet wird. Um das Widerstands­ element unter Spannung zu setzen, weist das Widerstands­ element 5 Verlängerungen 50 auf, welche über die wärme­ schmelzbare Schicht überstehen.The heating of the adhesive element 3 takes place, for. B. by supplying electrical current to the resistance element 5 , which is used as a heating resistor. In order to put the resistance element under tension, the resistance element has 5 extensions 50 which project beyond the heat-fusible layer.

Das in Fig. 2 dargestellte Beispiel zeigt parallele Wider­ standsdrähte, aber es kann auch die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Anordnung verwendet werden.The example shown in FIG. 2 shows parallel resistance wires, but the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 can also be used.

In Fig. 5 ist eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform dargestellt, gemäß welcher das Widerstandselement 5 die Form eines Metall- oder Kohlenstoffgitters aufweist. In Fig. 5 a modified embodiment is shown, according to which the resistance element 5 has the form of a metal or carbon lattice.

Das Problem der vorhergehenden Anordnungen besteht darin, daß es im Bereich der Drähte oder Fasern eine Wärmekon­ zentration gibt, und daß demzufolge das Schmelzen der wärme­ schmelzbaren Schicht nicht homogen ist und nicht ganz zu­ friedenstellend sein kann und die Klebung in bestimmten Bereichen unzulänglich ausfallen kann. Eine andere besonders vorteilhafte Lösung besteht darin, als Heizelement eine nicht gewebte Kohlenstoffmatte bzw. ein nicht gewebtes Kohlenstoffvlies zu verwenden, welches z. B. aus Kohlen­ stoffasern mit einer Länge von 6 bis 24 mm besteht, welche durch ein Fixiermittel verbunden sind, welches als Binde­ mittel zwischen den verschiedenen Fasern dient. Die Kohlen­ stoffasern bestehen vorzugsweise auf der Grundlage von Polyacrylnitril, allgemein PAN genannt. Der Aufbau des Kohlenstoffvlieses ist entsprechend demjenigen eines Zellu­ loselöschblattes.The problem with the previous arrangements is that there is a heat con in the area of the wires or fibers there is concentration, and consequently the melting of the heat fusible layer is not homogeneous and not entirely can be satisfactory and the bond in certain Areas may be inadequate. Another particularly advantageous solution is a heating element non-woven carbon mat or a non-woven To use carbon fleece, which, for. B. from coals fabric fibers with a length of 6 to 24 mm, which are connected by a fixative, which acts as a bandage medium between the different fibers. The coals Fabric fibers are preferably based on Polyacrylonitrile, commonly called PAN. The structure of the Carbon fleece is equivalent to that of a cell loose-leaf.

Der Vorteil eines Kohlenstoffvlieses als Heizelement besteht darin, eine homogene und regelmäßige Wärmeverteilung durch Stromwärme über die gesamte Oberfläche der Verbindungsebene zu erzielen unter Erzeugung eines regelmäßigen Schmelzens der wärmeschmelzbaren Schicht.The advantage of a carbon fleece as a heating element is in having a homogeneous and regular heat distribution Electricity heat over the entire surface of the connection level to achieve with regular melting the heat-fusible layer.

Die Fig. 6, 7 und 7a sind zu den Ansichten 2, 3 und 3a identische Ansichten, welche ein Verbindungselement 3 zeigen, gebildet durch ein Kohlenstoffvlies 51, sandwichartig ein­ gefügt zwischen zwei thermoplastische Schichten 30 und 30′. FIGS. 6, 7 and 7a are views 2, 3 and 3a identical views which show a connecting element 3, constituted by a carbon cloth 51, sandwiched together a thermoplastic between two layers 30 and 30 '.

Das Verbindungsverfahren benutzt das vorher beschriebene Verbindungselement 3. Dieses Verfahren besteht gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform in folgendem:The connection method uses the connection element 3 described above. According to an exemplary embodiment, this method consists of the following:

  • a) Vorbereiten der zu verbindenden Elemente 1 und 2 sowie des Klebeelementes (Fig. 8);a) preparing the elements 1 and 2 to be connected and the adhesive element ( Fig. 8);
  • b) Positionieren des Klebeelementes 3 zwischen die zu verbindenden Elemente 1, 2 (Fig. 9); b) positioning the adhesive element 3 between the elements 1, 2 to be connected ( FIG. 9);
  • c) In-Berührung-Bringen der beiden zu verbindenden Elemente 1, 2 mit dem Klebeelement 3 (Fig. 10);c) bringing the two elements 1, 2 to be connected into contact with the adhesive element 3 ( FIG. 10);
  • d) Zuführen eines elektrischen Stromes 52 zu dem Wider­ standselement 5 unter Aufrechterhaltung eines geringen Druckes P (Fig. 11); während dieser Phase steigt die Temperatur des Widerstandselementes, wodurch ein Schmelzen der wärmeschmelzbaren Schicht verursacht wird, wodurch, wie im vorhergehenden erläutert, das Verkleben der beiden Elemente 1, 2 gewährleistet wird. Es reicht aus, den Strom während einiger Augen­ blicke, wie z. B. einer Minute, aufrechtzuerhalten;d) supplying an electrical current 52 to the opposing element 5 while maintaining a low pressure P ( FIG. 11); during this phase the temperature of the resistance element rises, causing the heat-fusible layer to melt, which, as explained above, ensures that the two elements 1, 2 are bonded. It is sufficient to look at the current for a few eyes, such as B. one minute;
  • e) Abschalten und Abkühlen lassen.e) Switch off and let cool.

Man erkennt das Interesse eines solchen Verfahrens, da man das zu schmelzende Element direkt erhitzt, ohne die zu verbindenden Elemente zu erhitzen.One recognizes the interest of such a procedure, since one the element to be melted is heated directly without the to heat connecting elements.

Die Verwendung des Kohlenstoffvlieses als Heizelement weist darüber hinaus den Vorteil auf, leicht abgeschnitten oder gemäß verschiedenen Formen durchgeführt werden zu können. Dies weist einen grundlegenden Vorteil auf, da die zu ver­ bindenden Elemente Verbindungsoberflächen 20, 10 von evo­ lutiver und/oder komplizierter Form aufweisen: eine solche Form ist z. B. in Fig. 12 dargestellt. Diese Form hat eine Entwicklung in der Breite der zu klebenden Oberfläche mit einem schmalen mittleren Bereich 180. Da der Widerstand R = ρl/s ist, sieht man, daß R umgekehrt proportional zum Quer­ schnitt ist, derart, daß der Widerstand R des Heizelementes unregelmäßig und die Heizkraft nicht homogen auf der zu klebenden Oberfläche sein wird. Man kann diese Unregel­ mäßigkeit beseitigen, indem Ausschnitte 500 in dem Wider­ standselement vorgesehen werden, wie dies in den Fig. 13 und 14 dargestellt ist, welche zwei Ausführungsformen zeigen, wobei das Widerstandselement der wärmeschmelzbaren Schicht zugeordnet ist, um das Klebeelement zu bilden. The use of the carbon fleece as a heating element also has the advantage that it can be easily cut off or carried out in various forms. This has a fundamental advantage, since the elements to be bonded have connecting surfaces 20, 10 of evo lutive and / or complicated shape: such a shape is e.g. B. shown in Fig. 12. This shape has a development in the width of the surface to be glued with a narrow central area 180 . Since the resistance R = ρ l / s, it can be seen that R is inversely proportional to the cross section, such that the resistance R of the heating element is irregular and the heating power will not be homogeneous on the surface to be glued. This irregularity can be eliminated by providing cutouts 500 in the resistive element, as shown in FIGS . 13 and 14, which show two embodiments, the resistive element being associated with the heat-fusible layer to form the adhesive element.

Man kann auch so verfahren, wie dies in den Fig. 15 und 16 dargestellt ist, d. h. daß die beiden zu verbindenden Elemente 1 und 2 an ihrer zu klebenden Oberfläche des wärme­ schmelzbare Material 30, 30′ aufweisen, wobei das Wider­ standselement 51 unabhängig ist.One can also proceed so, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, ie that the two have to be connected elements 1 and 2 at their to-adhesive surface of the heat-fusible material 30, 30 ', wherein the abutment projection member 51 is independently .

Man kann auch ein Kohlenstoffvlies verwenden, welches eine Beschichtung nur auf einer Seite gemäß den Fig. 17 und 18 aufweist. In diesem Falle weist das Element 1 oder das Element 2 das wärmeschmelzbare Material 30 auf, während das Vlies eine einzige Schicht aus wärmeschmelzbarem Material 30′ trägt.A carbon fleece can also be used which has a coating on only one side according to FIGS. 17 and 18. In this case, the element 1 or element 2 has the heat-fusible material 30 , while the fleece carries a single layer of heat-fusible material 30 ' .

In den Fig. 19 und 20 ist eine abgewandelte Ausführungs­ form des Verfahrens dargestellt. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform sind die Elemente 1, 2, 30, 5, 30′, welche die Klebegesamt­ heit bilden, unabhängig voneinander und werden erst im Augenblick der Durchführung des Verfahrens selbst zugeordnet bzw. verbunden gemäß Fig. 20. Da die verschiedenen Elemente 1, 30, 5, 30′, 2 aufeinander angeordnet sind, genügt es, das Widerstandselement 5 anzuschalten, wobei auf die Gesamtheit, wie in den vorhergehenden Fällen, ein leichter Druck P auf­ rechterhalten wird.In Figs. 19 and 20 is a modified execution of the method shown. According to this embodiment the elements 1, 2, 30, 5, 30 ', which form the adhesive total integrated independently and carrying out the process are assigned to itself or connected according to Fig only at the moment. 20. Since the various elements 1, 30, 5, 30 ', 2 are arranged one on the other, it is sufficient to switch on the resistance element 5 , with a slight pressure P being maintained on the whole, as in the previous cases.

Die vorhergehende Beschreibung ist selbstverständlich nur beispielhaft. Es können andere Ausführungsformen der Erfin­ dung vorgesehen werden, ohne von dieser abzuweichen.The previous description is of course only exemplary. Other embodiments of the inven be provided without deviating from this.

Claims (18)

1. Verfahren zum Verbinden von zwei Elementen (1, 2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Klebeelement (3) Klebstoff (30, 30′) verwendet wird, welcher durch ein Heizelement erwärmt wird.1. A method for connecting two elements ( 1, 2 ), characterized in that adhesive ( 30, 30 ' ) is used as the adhesive element ( 3 ), which is heated by a heating element. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Heizelement ein leitendes Widerstandselement (5, 51) verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a conductive resistance element ( 5, 51 ) is used as the heating element. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als leitendes Widerstandselement (5) ein Metall­ draht, z. B. aus Kupfer, Stahl oder Konstantan ver­ wendet wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that as a conductive resistance element ( 5 ) a metal wire, for. B. from copper, steel or constantan is used ver. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als leitendes Widerstandselement (5) Kohlenstoff­ fasern oder metallisierte Fasern verwendet werden.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that carbon fibers or metallized fibers are used as the conductive resistance element ( 5 ). 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das leitende Widerstandselement die Form eines Gitters oder von im wesentlichen parallelen Drähten oder Fasern aufweist.5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the conductive resistance element is in the form of a Grid or of substantially parallel wires or has fibers. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als leitendes Widerstandselement ein nicht ge­ webtes Kohlenstoffvlies (51) verwendet wird. 6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a non-woven carbon fleece ( 51 ) is used as the conductive resistance element. 7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Klebstoff eine thermo­ plastische oder wärmehärtbare Schicht (30, 30′) verwendet wird.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thermoplastic or thermosetting layer ( 30, 30 ' ) is used as the adhesive. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Klebstoff eine wärmeschmelz­ bare Schicht oder eine Folie aus wärmeschmelzbarem Material verwendet wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that a heat melt as an adhesive bare layer or a film of heat-fusible Material is used. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wärmeschmelzbare Material z. B. wärmeschmelz­ bares Polymer wie z. B. ein Ionomer (Copolymer aus Ethylen und Methacrylsäure) oder ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und Vinylacetat oder ein Polyamid ist.9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the heat-fusible material z. B. heat melt cash polymer such. B. an ionomer (copolymer of Ethylene and methacrylic acid) or a copolymer Is ethylene and vinyl acetate or a polyamide. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klebstoffschicht (30, 30′) mit ihrem Wider­ standselement (5, 51′) zwischen die beiden zu ver­ bindenden Elemente (1, 2) positioniert und das Wider­ standselement mit elektrischem Strom (52) versorgt wird, wobei ein geringer Druck (P) auf die zu ver­ bindenden Elemente aufrechterhalten wird.10. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the adhesive layer ( 30, 30 ' ) with its resistance element ( 5, 51' ) positioned between the two elements to be bonded ver ( 1, 2 ) and the resistance element with electrical current ( 52 ) is supplied, while maintaining a low pressure (P) on the elements to be bonded. 11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, daduch gekennzeichnet, daß als Klebeelement (3) eine wärmeschmelzbare Schicht (30, 30′) verwendet wird, welche durch Einverleibung eines Widerstands­ heizelementes (5, 51) selbstheizend gemacht wird.11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heat-fusible layer ( 30, 30 ' ) is used as the adhesive element ( 3 ), which is made self-heating by incorporating a resistance heating element ( 5, 51 ). 12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7, 10, 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wärmehärtbare Schicht auf eine Temperatur ungefähr gleich ihrem Erweichungspunkt gebracht wird.12. The method according to any one of claims 7, 10, 11, characterized characterized in that the thermosetting layer a temperature approximately equal to its softening point brought. 13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wärmeschmelzbare Schicht (30, 30′) durch elektrisches Anschließen (52) auf eine Temperatur ungefähr gleich ihrem Schmelzpunkt gebracht wird, indem die zu verbindenden Elemente (1, 2) auf sie aufgebracht werden oder die Elemente aufgebracht gehalten werden.13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the heat-fusible layer ( 30, 30 ' ) is brought to a temperature approximately equal to its melting point by electrical connection ( 52 ) by the elements to be connected ( 1, 2 ) applied to them or the elements are kept applied. 14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:
  • a) Vorbereiten der zu verbindenden Elemente (1, 2) sowie des Klebeelementes (3);
  • b) Positionieren des Klebeelementes (3) zwischen die zu verbindenden Elemente und anschließendes In-Berührung-Bringen der verschiedenen Elemente;
  • c) Zuführen eines elektrischen Stromes zu dem Widerstandselement (5, 51) des Klebeelementes (3), wobei ein leichter Druck (P) auf die zu verbindenden Elemente aufrechterhalten wird;
  • d) Abkühlen lassen.
14. The method according to claim 13, characterized by the following steps:
  • a) preparing the elements to be connected ( 1, 2 ) and the adhesive element ( 3 );
  • b) positioning the adhesive element ( 3 ) between the elements to be connected and then bringing the various elements into contact;
  • c) supplying an electric current to the resistance element ( 5, 51 ) of the adhesive element ( 3 ), a slight pressure (P) being maintained on the elements to be connected;
  • d) Let cool.
15. Klebeelement zur Durchführung eines der Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerstandselement (5, 51) zwischen zwei Folien (30, 30′) aus wärmeschmelzbarem Material angeordnet ist.15. Adhesive element for performing one of the methods according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the resistance element ( 5, 51 ) between two foils ( 30, 30 ' ) is arranged from heat-fusible material. 16. Klebeelement zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerstandselement (5, 51) auf einer Folie (30) aus wärmeschmelzbarem Material angeordnet ist.16. Adhesive element for performing the method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the resistance element ( 5, 51 ) is arranged on a film ( 30 ) made of heat-fusible material. 17. Klebeelement nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß das Klebeelement durch Verpressen, Acrylieren, Beschichten oder Koextrudieren erzeugt ist. 17. Adhesive element according to claim 15 or 16, characterized ge indicates that the adhesive element by pressing, Acrylic, coating or co-extrusion is.   18. Klebeelement zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerstandselement (5, 51) Verlängerungen (50) aufweist, welche dessen Anschluß ermöglichen.18. Adhesive element for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the resistance element ( 5, 51 ) has extensions ( 50 ) which enable its connection.
DE19883831787 1987-09-23 1988-09-19 Adhesion bonding method Withdrawn DE3831787A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8713399A FR2620648B1 (en) 1987-09-23 1987-09-23 ASSEMBLY METHOD BY ADHESIVE USING A RESISTIVE ELEMENT INCORPORATED IN THE ADHESIVE

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JP (1) JPH01163283A (en)
DE (1) DE3831787A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2008030A6 (en)
FR (1) FR2620648B1 (en)

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DE4203505A1 (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-08-12 Sika Chemie Gmbh Rapid adhesion bonding - using laid track of adhesive paste at one surface with an embedded electrical heating wire to harden the adhesive
WO1999020136A1 (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-29 Technostar Co., Ltd. A novel shoe sole
WO1999021694A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 Lear Corporation Method of making a part utilizing an electrically conductive material
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WO2001019937A1 (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-03-22 Tubus Composite Panels Ag Hot-melt adhesive element for bonding components using an adhesive layer
US6509555B1 (en) 1999-11-03 2003-01-21 Nexicor Llc Hand held induction tool
WO2004003096A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-08 Thermion Systems International Method for accelerated bondline curing
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DE102010007824A1 (en) * 2010-02-11 2011-08-11 Technische Universität Clausthal, 38678 Method for mixing duroplastic carbon fiber composite components or blanks with one another, involves providing composite components or blanks on duroplastic surface facing fiber textiles, and welding structures under integration of textiles
DE102017105185A1 (en) 2017-03-10 2018-09-13 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Automated resistance welding of three-dimensional, thermoplastic, fiber-reinforced high-performance plastics
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WO1999020136A1 (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-04-29 Technostar Co., Ltd. A novel shoe sole
WO1999021694A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 Lear Corporation Method of making a part utilizing an electrically conductive material
US6004418A (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-12-21 Lear Corporation Method of joining a cover material to a substrate utilizing electrically conductive bonding
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ES2008030A6 (en) 1989-07-01
FR2620648B1 (en) 1990-03-09
FR2620648A1 (en) 1989-03-24
JPH01163283A (en) 1989-06-27

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