DE3824913A1 - Device for monitoring high-frequency (radio-frequency) electric leakage currents - Google Patents

Device for monitoring high-frequency (radio-frequency) electric leakage currents

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Publication number
DE3824913A1
DE3824913A1 DE19883824913 DE3824913A DE3824913A1 DE 3824913 A1 DE3824913 A1 DE 3824913A1 DE 19883824913 DE19883824913 DE 19883824913 DE 3824913 A DE3824913 A DE 3824913A DE 3824913 A1 DE3824913 A1 DE 3824913A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
frequency
voltage
operating table
current
level
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DE19883824913
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German (de)
Inventor
Thomas Hill
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HILL, THOMAS, 5090 LEVERKUSEN, DE
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Thomas Hill
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Priority to DE19883824913 priority Critical patent/DE3824913A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • A61B18/1233Generators therefor with circuits for assuring patient safety

Abstract

A device for monitoring high-frequency electric leakage currents is described, which flow during high-frequency surgery from a body into an operating table which is connected to a protective circuit (protective-conductor system) and/or an equipotential bonding conductor system. Via two measuring circuits which are connected to two different points on the protective circuit and/or the equipotential bonding conductor system, a voltage drop caused by a leakage current on the basis of the impedance of the protective conductor or the equipotential bonding conductor is detected and converted using a voltage transformer into a signal which is proportional to said voltage and is fed to a voltage comparator in which it is compared with a reference signal determined by calibration taking account of a maximum permissible limiting value level for the leakage current. It is possible with the aid of such a device for monitoring leakage currents to establish precisely the level of the leakage current independently of the electrical installation of the operating table.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Überwachung von hochfrequenten elektrischen Leckströmen, die während einer Hochfrequenzchirurgie von einem Körper in einen Operations­ tisch fließen.The invention relates to a device for monitoring high-frequency electrical leakage currents that occur during a High frequency surgery from a body to an operation flow table.

Die Hochfrequenzchirurgie wird zum Schneiden und/oder Koagulieren biologischer Gewebe mittels hochfrequenter elektrischer Wechselströme, im folgenden kurz HF-Ströme genannt, angewendet. Die Frequenz dieser HF-Ströme muß entsprechend DIN-IEC 601 Teil 2-2 mindestens 300 kHz be­ tragen, weil tiefere Frequenzen Nerven und Muskeln reizen können. Der HF-Strom wird in Hochfrequenzgeneratoren ge­ neriert, deren Ausgangsleistung maximal 400 Watt betragen darf.High frequency surgery is used for cutting and / or Coagulate biological tissues using high frequency electrical alternating currents, in the following HF currents called, applied. The frequency of these HF currents must according to DIN-IEC 601 part 2-2 at least 300 kHz wear because lower frequencies irritate nerves and muscles can. The RF current is ge in high frequency generators neriert, whose output power is a maximum of 400 watts may.

Zum Schneiden und/oder Koagulieren wird HF-Strom durch hier­ für geeignete Schneide- und/oder Koagulationselektroden in das zu schneidende und/oder zu koagulierende biologische Gewebe des Patienten geleitet und über eine sogenannte neu­ trale Elektrode vom Patienten zum Hochfrequenzgenerator zurückgeleitet. Die Leitung des HF-Stromes vom Hochfrequenz­ generator zur Schneide- oder Koagulationselektrode hin und von der neutralen Elektrode zum Hochfrequenzgenerator zurück erfolgt durch Kabel, deren Länge in der Regel zwei bis fünf Meter beträgt. Um zu verhindern, daß der Patient während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie hochfrequente elektrische Spannung gegen Erdpotential führt, wird die neutrale Elektrode inner­ halb des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes entweder direkt oder durch einen Kondensator, dessen Kapazität so groß gewählt wird, daß dessen kapazitiver Widerstand bei der Nennfrequenz des Hoch­ frequenzgenerators vernachlässigbar klein ist, auf Erdpotential geschaltet. For cutting and / or coagulating, HF current is passed through here for suitable cutting and / or coagulation electrodes in the biological to be cut and / or coagulated The patient's tissue is guided and passed through a so-called new central electrode from the patient to the high-frequency generator returned. The conduction of the HF current from the radio frequency generator towards the cutting or coagulation electrode and from the neutral electrode to the high frequency generator back is done by cable, the length of which is usually two to is five meters. To prevent the patient from high-frequency surgery high-frequency electrical voltage leads to earth potential, the neutral electrode becomes internal half of the high-frequency surgical device either directly or by a capacitor, the capacity of which is chosen to be so large, that its capacitive resistance at the nominal frequency of the high frequency generator is negligibly small, to earth potential switched.  

Aus dieser Schaltungstechnik resultiert jedoch für den Patienten eine Gefahr. Da Operationstische, und dies gilt auch für andere Steh-, Sitz- oder Liegeeinrich­ tungen, auf welchen Patienten operiert werden, in der Regel aus Metall be­ stehen und mit Erdpotential elektrisch leitfähig verbunden sind, kann HF-Strom statt durch die neutrale Elektrode auch durch den Operationstisch hindurch zum Hochfrequenzgenerator zurück fließen, wenn der Patient elektrisch leitfähige Teile des Operationstisches direkt oder indirekt durch andere elektrisch leit­ fähige Gegenstände, wie beispielsweise durch nasse Tücher, berührt. Hierdurch kann es am Patienten zu unbeabsichtigten thermischen Gewebeschädigungen kom­ men, wenn die HF-Stromdichte und die HF-Stromflußdauer zu groß sind. Dieser unbeabsichtigt durch den Operationstisch zum HF-Generator zurückfließende HF-Strom wird im folgenden HF-Fehlerstrom genannt.However, this circuit technology poses a risk to the patient. As operating tables, and this also applies to other standing, sitting or lying equipment which patients are operated on, usually made of metal stand and are electrically conductively connected to earth potential, can HF current instead of through the neutral electrode and through the operating table High frequency generator will flow back when the patient is electrically conductive Parts of the operating table directly or indirectly by other electrically conductive capable objects such as wet cloths. Hereby unintended thermal tissue damage can occur on the patient men if the HF current density and the HF current flow duration are too large. This unintentionally flowing back through the operating table to the HF generator HF current is called HF fault current in the following.

Aus DE 36 10 393 A1 ist ein Verfahren und Auswerte­ teil zum Feststellen von hochfrequenten Fehlerströmen bekannt, mittels welchem der oben beschriebene Fehlerstrom festgestellt und beim Überschreiten eines Grund­ wertes ein Fehlerstrom-Signal abgegeben wird. Der Fehlerstrom wird hierbei mit­ tels eines Auswerteteiles, welches über einen Wandler an einem erhöhten HF- Widerstand oder an einer isolierenden Unterbrechung am Fuß des Operationstisches angeschlossen ist, festgestellt. Dieses Verfahren ist in der Praxis kaum realisier­ bar, weil die Einbringung einer ausreichenden Teilisolierung oder gar vollständigen Isolierung in den Fuß des Operationstisches zu aufwendig ist und die Funktion des Fußes beeinflußt.DE 36 10 393 A1 describes a method and evaluation known part for the detection of high-frequency fault currents, by means of which the fault current described above is determined and when a reason is exceeded a fault current signal is given. The fault current is included means of an evaluation part, which is connected to an elevated HF Resistance or an isolating break at the base of the operating table connected. This method is hardly feasible in practice bar, because the introduction of sufficient partial insulation or even complete Isolation in the foot of the operating table is too complex and the function of the Foot affected.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Einrichtung zur Über­ wachung und Anzeige des HF-Fehlerstromes, der durch den Operationstisch fließt, derart zu verbessern, daß eine genauere Feststellung des Pegels des Leckstromes möglichst unabhängig von der elektrischen Installation des Operationstisches möglich ist. It is an object of the invention to provide a device for monitoring and display of the HF fault current caused by the Operating table flows to improve such that a more precise determination of the level of the leakage current as independent of the electrical installation of the Operating table is possible.  

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß der Operationstisch in der Regel zwar elektrisch leitfähig geerdet ist, daß die Erdung jedoch mittels mehr oder weniger langer Leitungen erfolgt, bei deren Dimensionierung und Installation die HF-Fehlerströme der Hoch­ frequenzchirurgie nicht berücksichtigt werden. Diese Leitungen haben sowohl einen reellen als insbesondere auch einen induktiven elektrischen Widerstand, längs welchem der HF-Fehlerstrom eine dem HF-Fehlerstrom und dem komplexen elektrischen Widerstand dieser Leitung proportionale elektrische Spannung verur­ sacht, welche der Operationstisch gegen Erdpotential führt. Da der komplexe elektrische Widerstand zumindest während jeder Operation ausreichend konstant ist, besteht zwischen der elektrischen Spannung, die der Operationstisch gegen Erdpotential führt und dem HF-Fehlerstrom eine ausreichende Proportionalität, so daß die Überwachung dieser Spannung einen Rückschluß auf die Intensität des HF-Fehlerstromes durch den Operationstisch zuläßt.The inventive solution to this problem is based on the knowledge that the operating table is usually grounded electrically conductive that the However, grounding is carried out by means of more or less long cables Sizing and installation of the HF fault currents of the high frequency surgery is not taken into account. These lines have both real as well as in particular inductive electrical resistance, along which the HF fault current is one of the HF fault current and the complex electrical resistance of this line causes proportional electrical voltage gently, which the operating table leads against earth potential. Because the complex electrical resistance sufficiently constant at least during each operation is between the electrical voltage that the operating table opposes Ground potential and the HF fault current has a sufficient proportionality, so that the monitoring of this voltage draws a conclusion on the intensity of the HF fault current through the operating table.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung besteht aus einer Überwachungsschaltung, welche die elektrische Spannung, die ein Operationstisch infolge des durch seine Erdungs­ leitung fließenden HF-Fehlerstromes und deren komplexen elektrischen Widerstan­ des gegen Erdpotential annimmt, überwacht, sowie aus Anzeige-, Warn- und/oder Schalteinrichtungen, welche bei Erreichen bestimmter Grenzwertpegel des HF- Fehlerstromes aktiviert werden.The device according to the invention consists of a monitoring circuit, which the electrical voltage generated by an operating table due to its grounding line flowing HF fault current and its complex electrical resistance which accepts against earth potential, monitors, as well as from display, warning and / or Switching devices which, when certain limit levels of the HF Fault current can be activated.

Das sowohl die Frequenz als auch die Kurvenform von HF-Fehlerströmen von HF- Generator zu HF-Generator verschieden sein können, ist es zweckmäßig, in diesem Zusammenhang den Effektivwert des HF-Fehlerstromes sowie den Effektivwert der hieraus resultierenden elektrischen Spannung zwischen Operationstisch und Erdpo­ tential zu verwenden. Dies ist auch insofern zweckmäßig, als die thermische Wirkung elektrischen Stromes von dessen Effektivwert abhängig ist. That both the frequency and the waveform of HF fault currents from HF Generator can be different from RF generator, it is useful in this Relationship between the RMS value of the HF fault current and the RMS value of the resulting electrical voltage between the operating table and the ground floor potential to use. This is also useful in that the thermal Effect of electric current depends on its effective value.  

Da der komplexe elektrische Widerstand der Erdungsleitung von Operationstisch zu Operationstisch verschieden sein kann und außerdem auch von der Grundfre­ quenz und deren Oberschwingungen des jeweils verwendeten HF-Generators abhän­ gig ist, muß die Überwachungsschaltung dem jeweils verwendeten Operationstisch und HF-Generator angepaßt sein bzw. justierbar sein. Dies kann beispielsweise in der Weise geschehen, daß ein definierter HF-Strom, z. B. 150 mAeff, aus dem je­ weils für eine Operation vorgesehenen HF-Generator in den jeweils vorgesehenen Operationstisch eingeleitet wird und der hierbei zwischen Operationstisch und Erdpotential entstehende Effektivwert der elektrischen Spannung in eine Spannungs- Überwachungsschaltung als Grenzwertpegel übernommen wird.Since the complex electrical resistance of the ground line from the operating table to the operating table can be different and also depends on the frequency and the harmonics of the RF generator used, the monitoring circuit must be adapted to the operating table and RF generator used or adjustable be. This can be done, for example, in such a way that a defined RF current, e.g. B. 150 mA eff , from which the HF generator provided for an operation is introduced into the respectively provided operating table and the effective value of the electrical voltage which arises between the operating table and earth potential is adopted as a limit value level in a voltage monitoring circuit.

Hierbei ist es jedoch nicht erforderlich, die elektrische Spannung bzw. den Effek­ tivwert der elektrischen Spannung des Operationstisches direkt und absolut gegen Erdpotential zu messen. Statt gegen absolutes Erdpotential kann auch gegen rela­ tives Erdpotential gemessen werden, wie beispielsweise gegen Schutzleiter- oder gegen Potentialausgleichanschlüsse im jeweiligen Operationsraum.However, it is not necessary to use the electrical voltage or the effect tivwert of the electrical voltage of the operating table directly and absolutely against Earth potential to measure. Instead of against absolute earth potential, rela tive earth potential are measured, such as against protective earth or against equipotential bonding connections in the respective operating room.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung besteht darin, daß mehrere verschiedene Grenzwertpegel definiert und jeweils wie oben beschrieben in die Überwachungsschaltung übernommen werden, bei deren Überschreiten nach­ einander ein optisches Signal, ein akustisches Signal und die Abschaltung des HF- Generators ausgelöst werden. So kann beispielsweise das optische Signal aktiviert werden, wenn der HF-Fehlerstrom 50 mAeff erreicht, das akustische Signal akti­ viert werden, wenn der HF-Fehlerstrom 100 mAeff überschreitet und der HF-Gene­ rator abgeschaltet werden, wenn der HF-Fehlerstrom 150 mAeff überschreitet.A further embodiment of the device according to the invention consists in the fact that several different limit values are defined and each are adopted in the monitoring circuit as described above, when they are exceeded an optical signal, an acoustic signal and the shutdown of the HF generator are triggered. For example, the optical signal can be activated when the HF fault current reaches 50 mA eff , the acoustic signal can be activated when the HF fault current exceeds 100 mA eff and the HF generator can be switched off when the HF fault current 150 mA eff exceeds.

Da die thermische Gefährdung biologischer Gewebe auch mit der Stromflußdauer zunimmt, können die Grenzwertpegel zusätzlich mit maximalen Stromflußdauern verknüpft werden, so daß das optische und/oder das akustische Signal und/oder das Abschalten des HF-Generators erst dann erfolgt, wenn die Überschreitung des jeweiligen Grenzwertpegels länger andauert als ohne Schaden für den Pa­ tienten zulässig, z. B. länger als 10 Sekunden.Because the thermal hazard to biological tissues also depends on the duration of the current flow increases, the limit levels can additionally with maximum current flow times are linked so that the optical and / or acoustic signal and / or  the HF generator is only switched off when it is exceeded of the respective limit level lasts longer than without damage to the pa patients allowed, e.g. B. longer than 10 seconds.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung kann sowohl unabhängig vom HF-Generator als ein eigenständiges Gerät als vorzugsweise auch als integraler Bestandteil von HF- Generatoren bzw. HF-Chirurgiegeräten oder von Operationstischen sein.The device according to the invention can be used independently of the HF generator an independent device, preferably also as an integral part of HF Generators or HF surgical devices or from operating tables.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zur Überwachung hochfrequenter elektrischer Fehlerströme während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie wird anhand der schematisch dargestellten Zeichnungen detaillierter beschrieben. Es zeigtThe inventive device for monitoring high-frequency electrical Residual currents during high frequency surgery is shown schematically using the illustrated drawings described in more detail. It shows

Fig. 1 den Weg des HF-Fehlerstromes vom Patienten bis zum Hochfrequenz- Chirurgiegerät, Fig. 1 shows the path of the RF-fault current from the patient to the high frequency surgical apparatus,

Fig. 2 die Installation der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung im Operationsraum, Fig. 2 shows the installation of the device according to the invention in the operating room,

Fig. 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist der Weg des HF-Fehlerstromes schematisch dargestellt. Entsprechend VDE 0107 bzw. DIN 57 107 müssen Operationstische mittels Potentialausgleichleitungen an den Potentialausgleich und/oder Schutzleiter an das Schutzleitersystem des Operations­ raumes angeschlossen sein. Alle Potentialausgleichleitungen müssen auf eine gemeinsame Potentialausgleichschiene PAS ge­ führt werden. Die Potentialausgleichschiene PAS ist mittels einer Brücke 17 elektrisch leitfähig mit einer Schutzleiterschiene SLS ver­ bunden. Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegeräte müssen entsprechend VDE 0750 Teil 202 bzw. DIN/IEC 601 Teil 2-2 in Schutzklasse I ausgeführt sein, d. h., deren berührbare elektrisch leitfähigen Teile müssen mit dem Schutzleiter SL elektrisch leitfähig verbunden sein. Außerdem muß das Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät bei Anwendung in der Herzchirurgie an einer Potentialausgleichklamme PAK angeschlossen sein. Auf diese Weise ist zwischen Operationstisch 1 und Hochfrequenz- Chirurgiegerät 11 eine elektrisch leitfähige Verbindung vorhanden.The path of the HF fault current is shown schematically in FIG. 1. According to VDE 0107 and DIN 57 107, operating tables must be connected to the potential equalization by means of equipotential bonding conductors and / or protective conductors to the protective conductor system of the operating room. All equipotential bonding lines must be routed to a common PAS equipotential bonding rail . The equipotential bonding rail PAS is electrically conductively connected to a protective conductor rail SLS by means of a bridge 17 . High-frequency surgical devices must be designed in accordance with VDE 0750 Part 202 or DIN / IEC 601 Part 2-2 in protection class I, ie their touchable, electrically conductive parts must be connected to the protective conductor SL in an electrically conductive manner. In addition, the high-frequency surgical device must be connected to a potential equalization clamp PAK when used in cardiac surgery. In this way, an electrically conductive connection is present between the operating table 1 and the high-frequency surgical device 11 .

Hat der Patient 15 während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie elektrisch leitfähigen Kontakt zum Operationstisch 1, so kann ein mehr oder weniger großer Tei des von der aktiven Elektrode AE in den Patienten 15 hineinfließenden HF-Stromes I HF als HF-Fehlerstrom I F durch den Operationstisch 1, die Potentialausgleich­ leitung PAL 1, die Potentialausgleichschiene PAS und/oder die Schutzleiter­ schiene SLS sowie den Schutzleiter SL 1 und das Netzkabel 18 und/oder den Potentialausgleichleiter PAL 3 und das Potentialausgleichkabel 19 zum Hochfre­ quenz-Chirurgiegerät 11 zurückfließen.If the patient 15 has electrically conductive contact with the operating table 1 during high-frequency surgery, a more or less large part of the HF current I HF flowing from the active electrode AE into the patient 15 can be transmitted as an HF fault current I F through the operating table 1 Equipotential bonding line PAL 1 , the equipotential bonding rail PAS and / or the protective conductor rail SLS and the protective conductor SL 1 and the power cable 18 and / or the equipotential bonding conductor PAL 3 and the equipotential bonding cable 19 flow back to the high-frequency surgical device 11 .

Zur Erläuterung des Weges des HF-Fehlerstromes I HF innerhalb des Hochfrequenz- Chirurgiegerätes 11 sind die relevanten Details des HF-Ausgangskreises in Fig. 1 ebenfalls dargestellt. Um zu verhindern, daß die neutrale Elektrode NE und damit auch der Patient 15 während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie hochfrequente elektrische Spannung gegen Erdpotential führt, ist der Anschluß 14 für die neutrale Elektrode NE innerhalb des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes mittels einer Verbindung 6 auf Erdpotential bezogen. Über diese Verbindung 6 kann der hochfrequente Leck­ strom I F in die Sekundärwicklung 13 des Ausgangstransformators 12 des Hochfre­ quenz-Chirurgiegerätes 11 fließen.To explain the path of the HF fault current I HF within the high-frequency surgical device 11 , the relevant details of the HF output circuit are also shown in FIG. 1. In order to prevent the neutral electrode NE and thus also the patient 15 from carrying high-frequency electrical voltage against earth potential during high-frequency surgery, the connection 14 for the neutral electrode NE within the high-frequency surgical device is related to earth potential by means of a connection 6 . Via this connection 6 , the high-frequency leakage current I F can flow into the secondary winding 13 of the output transformer 12 of the high-frequency surgical device 11 .

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch dargestellt die Installation der erfindungsgemäßen Ein­ richtung 20 zur Überwachung hochfrequenter elektrischer Fehlerströme I F im Operationsraum. Die Einrichtung 20 kann sowohl als separates Gerät wie auch als Bestandteil des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes 11 ausgeführt sein. Erfindungsrele­ vant ist der Anschluß der Einrichtung 20 an zwei Meßpunkten, zwischen denen infolge des HF-Fehlerstromes I F eine reproduzierbar meßbare HF-Spannung entsteht. Derartige HF-Spannungen entstehen längs aller Schutzleitungen SL und Potential­ ausgleichleitungen PAL, durch welche HF-Fehlerstrom I F fließt. So kann inbeson­ dere eine entsprechende HF-Spannung zwischen Operationstisch 1 und dem Schutz­ leiteranschluß SL einer Netzsteckdose NSD, z. B. NSD 1 oder NSD 2, oder zwischen Operationstisch 1 und einer Potentialausgleichklemme PAK, z. B. PAK 1 oder PAK 2, abgegriffen werden, was z. B. mittels eines Meßkabels 10 und dem Schutzleiterkon­ takt 5 des Netzkabels 16 der Einrichtung 20 erfolgen kann. Fig. 2 shows schematically the installation of a device 20 according to the invention for monitoring high-frequency electrical fault currents I F in the operating room. The device 20 can be designed both as a separate device and as a component of the high-frequency surgical device 11 . Invention rele vant is the connection of the device 20 at two measuring points, between which, as a result of the HF fault current I F, a reproducibly measurable HF voltage is produced. Such HF voltages arise along all protective lines SL and equipotential bonding lines PAL , through which HF fault current I F flows. So in particular a corresponding RF voltage between the operating table 1 and the protective conductor connection SL of a power outlet NSD, z. B. NSD 1 or NSD 2 , or between the operating table 1 and a potential equalization terminal PAK, z. B. PAK 1 or PAK 2 , which z. B. by means of a measuring cable 10 and the protective conductor clock 5 of the power cord 16 of the device 20 can be done.

Ist die Einrichtung 20 ein Bestandteil des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes 11, so kann eine entsprechende HF-Spannung zwischen Operationstisch 1 einerseits und einer Netzsteckdose NSD, z. B. NSD 1 oder NSD 2, oder einer Potentialaus­ gleichklemme PAK, z. B. PAK 1 oder PAK 2, andererseits, mittels einer Meßleitung 10 und dem Netzkabel 18 oder der Potentialausgleichleitung 19 des Hochfrequenz- Chirurgiegerätes 11 erfolgen. If the device 20 is a component of the high-frequency surgical device 11 , a corresponding HF voltage between the operating table 1 on the one hand and a mains socket NSD , for. B. NSD 1 or NSD 2 , or a potential equalization terminal PAK , z. B. PAK 1 or PAK 2 , on the other hand, by means of a measuring line 10 and the power cord 18 or the equipotential bonding line 19 of the high-frequency surgical device 11 .

In Fig. 3 ist schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Ein­ richtung 20 dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einem Spannungswandler 2, welcher die zwischen zwei Meßpunkten, z. B. Operationstisch 1 und einer Potentialausgleichklemme PAK oder einem Schutzleiterkontakt SLK, vom HF-Fehlerstrom I F verursachte HF-Spannung U HF , vorzugsweise dem Effektivwert dieser HF-Spannung, in ein dieser HF-Spannung proportionales elektrisches Signal a = f(U HF ) wandelt, einem Grenzwertgeber 3, welcher ein einstellbares elektrisches Signal b liefert, einem Spannungskomparator 4, welcher a mit b vergleicht und ein elektrisches Signal c liefert, wenn a größer wird als b. Das elektrische Signal c steuert ein optisches Signal 7, ein akustisches Signal 8 und/oder über eine Steuerleitung 9 das Hoch­ frequenz-Chirurgiegerät 11.In Fig. 3 an embodiment of an inventive device 20 is shown schematically. It consists of a voltage converter 2 , which between two measuring points, for. B. operating table 1 and a potential equalization terminal PAK or a protective conductor contact SLK , HF voltage U HF caused by the HF fault current I F , preferably the effective value of this HF voltage, into an electrical signal proportional to this HF voltage a = f (U HF ) converts, a limit transmitter 3 , which supplies an adjustable electrical signal b , a voltage comparator 4 , which compares a with b and supplies an electrical signal c , if a is greater than b . The electrical signal c controls an optical signal 7 , an acoustic signal 8 and / or via a control line 9 the high-frequency surgical device 11 .

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann die Einrichtung 20 mit einer Anzeigeeinrich­ tung 21, welche den Pegel von a anzeigt und einer Anzeigeeinrichtung 22, welche den Pegel von b anzeigt, ausgestattet sein.In a further embodiment, the device 20 can be equipped with a display device 21 which displays the level of a and a display device 22 which displays the level of b .

Da sowohl der HF-Fehlerstrom I F als auch die von ihm verursachte HF-Spannung U HF auf den Schutzleitern und Potentialausgleichleitern von verschiedenen Para­ metern abhängig ist, muß die Einrichtung 20 justierbar sein. Die Justierung erfolgt in der Weise, daß aus dem jeweils verwendeten Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät ein definierter HF-Strom I HF mittels eines HF-Strom-Meßgerätes 23 direkt in den Ope­ rationstisch 1 eingespeist wird. Hierzu wird das HF-Strom-Meßgerät 23 in die HF- Leitung 24 zur aktiven Elektrode AE eingeschaltet und der Pegel des HF-Stromes am Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät 11 auf den Wert eingestellt, der als maximaler Grenzwertpegel für den HF-Leckstrom I F zugelassen werden soll. Das HF-Strom- Meßgerät sollte vorzugsweise den Effektivwert des HF-Stromes anzeigen. Dieser HF-Strom I HF ergibt, je nachdem an welchen zwei Meßpunkten die vom HF- Strom verursachte HF-Spannung U HF abgegriffen wird, ein entsprechendes elek­ trisches Signal a am Ausgang des Spannungswandlers 2. Nun wird das elektrische Signal b des Grenzwertgebers 3 so eingestellt, daß am Ausgang des Spannungskom­ parators 4 gerade ein elektrisches Signal C entsteht.Since both the HF fault current I F and the HF voltage U HF caused by it on the protective conductors and equipotential bonding conductors are dependent on different parameters, the device 20 must be adjustable. The adjustment is carried out in such a way that a defined HF current I HF is fed directly into the operating table 1 from the high-frequency surgical device used by means of an HF current measuring device 23 . For this purpose, the HF current measuring device 23 is switched into the HF line 24 to the active electrode AE and the level of the HF current at the high-frequency surgical device 11 is set to the value that is permitted as the maximum limit value for the HF leakage current I F should. The HF current measuring device should preferably display the effective value of the HF current. This HF current I HF results, depending on which two measuring points the HF voltage U HF caused by the HF current is tapped, a corresponding electrical signal a at the output of the voltage converter 2 . Now the electrical signal b of the limit transmitter 3 is set so that an electrical signal C is just being produced at the output of the voltage comparator 4 .

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Einrichtung 20 mit mehreren Grenzwertgebern und entsprechend vielen Spannungskomparatoren ausgestattet werden, so daß das optische Signal 7, das akustische Signal 8 und/oder ein Abschalten des Hochfrequenzgenerators des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes 11 über eine Steuer­ leitung 9 bei unterschiedlichen Pegeln des HF-Fehlerstromes erfolgt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the device 20 can be equipped with several limit switches and a corresponding number of voltage comparators, so that the optical signal 7 , the acoustic signal 8 and / or a shutdown of the high-frequency generator of the high-frequency surgical device 11 via a control line 9 at different levels of the HF fault current.

Claims (7)

1. Einrichtung zur Überwachung von hochfrequenten elektri­ schen Leckströmen, die während einer Hochfrequenz­ chirurgie von einem Körper in einen Operationstisch fließen, der mit einem Schutzleitersystem und/oder einem Potentialausgleichsleitersystem in Verbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein aufgrund der Impedanz der Schutzleiter (SL) oder Potentialausgleichs­ leiter (PAL) durch einen Leckstrom (I F ) verursachter Spannungsabfall über zwei an zwei unterschiedlichen Stellen an dem Schutzleitersystem und/oder dem Potentialausgleichsleitersystem angeschlossene Meß­ leitungen (10, 16; 18) erfaßt wird und mit einem Spannungs­ wandler (2) in ein dieser Spannung proportionales Signal (a) umgewandelt wird, welches einem Spannungskomparator (4) zugeführt wird, in dem es mit einem durch Eichung unter Berücksichtigung eines maximal zulässigen Grenzwertpegels für den Leckstrom (I F ) ermittelten Bezugssignal (b) verglichen wird.1. Device for monitoring high-frequency electrical leakage currents flowing during a high-frequency surgery from a body into an operating table, which is connected to a protective conductor system and / or a potential equalization conductor system, characterized in that a due to the impedance of the protective conductor (SL) or equipotential bonding conductor (PAL) voltage drop caused by a leakage current (I F ) over two measuring lines ( 10, 16; 18 ) connected to the protective conductor system and / or the equipotential bonding conductor system at two different points and detected with a voltage converter ( 2 ) in a signal (a) proportional to this voltage is converted, which is fed to a voltage comparator ( 4 ) in which it is compared with a reference signal (b) determined by calibration taking into account a maximum permissible limit value level for the leakage current (I F ). 2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Grenzwertgeber (3) vorgesehen ist, an dem das Be­ zugssignal (b) derart einstellbar ist, daß dessen Pegel gleich dem Pegel des Signals (a) ist, wenn ein dem maximalen Grenzwert des Leckstroms (I F ) entsprechender definierter Hochfrequenzstrom in den Operationstisch (1) eingespeist wird.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a limit transmitter ( 3 ) is provided on which the reference signal Be (B) is adjustable such that its level is equal to the level of the signal (a) when a the maximum limit of Leakage current (I F ) corresponding defined high-frequency current is fed into the operating table ( 1 ). 3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Hochfrequenzstrom (23) angeschlossen wird, mit dem der in den Operationstisch eingespeiste Hochfrequenzstrom gemessen wird. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that a high-frequency current ( 23 ) is connected, with which the high-frequency current fed into the operating table is measured. 4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Meßgerät (23) den Effektivwert des eingespeisten Hochfrequenzstroms anzeigt.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the measuring device ( 23 ) indicates the effective value of the supplied high-frequency current. 5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spannungswandler (2) und die dahinter angeschlossenen Elemente (3, 4, 7, 8) als Einheit (20) in dem Hochfrequenz­ chirurgiegerät (11) angeordnet sind, und daß die eine Meßleitung durch das Netzkabel (18) des Hochfrequenz­ chirurgiegeräts (11) gebildet ist.5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage converter ( 2 ) and the elements connected behind it ( 3, 4, 7, 8 ) are arranged as a unit ( 20 ) in the high-frequency surgical device ( 11 ), and that the one measuring line through the power cord ( 18 ) of the high-frequency surgical device ( 11 ) is formed. 6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Anzeigeeinrichtung (21) zur Anzeige des Pegels des Signals (a) an den Ausgang des Spannungswandlers (2) angeschlossen ist.6. Device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that a display device ( 21 ) for displaying the level of the signal (a) is connected to the output of the voltage converter ( 2 ). 7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 5 oder 6, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß eine Anzeigeeinrichtung (22) zur Anzeige des Pegels des Bezugssignals (b) an den Ausgang des Grenz­ wertgebers (3) angeschlossen ist.7. Device according to claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that a display device ( 22 ) for displaying the level of the reference signal (b) is connected to the output of the limit transmitter ( 3 ).
DE19883824913 1988-07-22 1988-07-22 Device for monitoring high-frequency (radio-frequency) electric leakage currents Ceased DE3824913A1 (en)

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