DE3447365A1 - Method and device for avoiding blurring in medical imaging techniques, caused by the patient's movement during image recording - Google Patents

Method and device for avoiding blurring in medical imaging techniques, caused by the patient's movement during image recording

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Publication number
DE3447365A1
DE3447365A1 DE19843447365 DE3447365A DE3447365A1 DE 3447365 A1 DE3447365 A1 DE 3447365A1 DE 19843447365 DE19843447365 DE 19843447365 DE 3447365 A DE3447365 A DE 3447365A DE 3447365 A1 DE3447365 A1 DE 3447365A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
patient
computer
scanning
imaging techniques
medical imaging
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Withdrawn
Application number
DE19843447365
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German (de)
Inventor
Bernd Dr. 6000 Frankfurt Lammel
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE19843447365 priority Critical patent/DE3447365A1/en
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0487Motor-assisted positioning
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/08Auxiliary means for directing the radiation beam to a particular spot, e.g. using light beams
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/52Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/5258Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise
    • A61B6/5264Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise due to motion
    • A61B6/527Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise due to motion using data from a motion artifact sensor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7203Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
    • A61B5/7207Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
    • A61B5/721Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts using a separate sensor to detect motion or using motion information derived from signals other than the physiological signal to be measured

Abstract

In medicine there are imaging techniques which require a relatively long time to compile the image. During this time the patient must not alter his position. This causes problems inasmuch as it is virtually impossible for a patient to keep his head (for example) still for, say, ten minutes. Fastening the head with straps over this period is an unreasonable demand to make on the patient, especially in the case of children. The problem is solved by the invention in that the position of the patient is recorded in a computer (positional computer), continuously or at intervals which are short relative to the image acquisition, and in that the respective determination of the patient's position affects either the sampling program (the sampling sequence) or the allocation of the sampled measurement values to a point in the patient's body. This can be realised by continuous coordinate transformations which convert a spatially fixed coordinate system to one related to the patient's body.

Description

Stand der Technik:State of the art:

In der Medizin gibt es bildgebende Verfahren, die eine längere Zeit benötigen, um das Bild zu erstellen.In medicine there are imaging procedures that last a long time need to create the picture.

Während dieser Zeit darf der Patient seine Position nicht ändern. Das wirft Probleme auf, denn es ist fast unmöglich, daß ein Patient z.B. seinen Kopf über etwa zehn Minuten ruhig hält.During this time the patient must not change his position. This poses problems because it is almost impossible for a patient, for example, to have his Keep your head still for about ten minutes.

Ein Festschnallen des Kopfes über diese Zeitspanne ist dem Patienten nicht zuzumuten, das gilt besonders für Kinder.It is the patient's responsibility to buckle up the head for this period of time not to be expected, this is especially true for children.

Ein Beispiel für das Auftreten der genannten Schwierigkeiten stellt die Kernspinresonanz-Tomographie dar.Provides an example of the occurrence of the difficulties mentioned nuclear magnetic resonance tomography.

(Im Weiteren soll der erfinderische Gedanke an diesem Beispiel erläutert werden. Er ist jedoch auf alle bildgebenden Verfahren anzuwenden, bei denen die Erstellung des Bildes eine längere Zeit in Anspruch nimmt.) Bei der Kernspinresonanz-Tomographie wird der Patient in eine große Röhre geschoben. Die Wandung der Röhre besteht aus drei Magneten; 1. einem Magneten (1), der ein statisches Magnetfeld erzeugt. 2. einem Sende- und Empfangsmagneten (2). Hier wird ein Wechselfeld im Radiofrequenzbereich erzeugt. 3. einem Magneten (3), der einen Magnetfeldgradienten erzeugt.(In the following, the inventive idea is to be explained using this example will. However, it is to be applied to all imaging procedures in which the It takes a long time to create the image.) In nuclear magnetic resonance tomography the patient is pushed into a large tube. The wall of the tube consists of three magnets; 1. a magnet (1) that generates a static magnetic field. 2. a transmitting and receiving magnet (2). Here is an alternating field in the radio frequency range generated. 3. a magnet (3) that creates a magnetic field gradient.

Die Magneten sind in Abbildung 1 schematisch dargestellt.The magnets are shown schematically in Figure 1.

Ein Kernspinresonanzsignal wird immer dann erzeugt, wenn die Resonanzbedingung erfüllt ist.A nuclear magnetic resonance signal is generated whenever the resonance condition is satisfied.

H= bC # H= statisches Magnetfeld (1) #= Frequenz des Sende- und Empfangsmagneten (2) a= Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis Das heißt, das Magnetfeld H, in das ein Ensemble von Kernspins (in unserem Fall z.B. die Protonen des Körpers des Patienten) gebracht werden, muß proportional sein der Frequenz des Sendemagnetfeldes. H = bC # H = static magnetic field (1) # = frequency of the sending and receiving magnets (2) a = Gyromagnetic Ratio That is, the magnetic field H in which an ensemble brought by nuclear spins (in our case e.g. the protons of the patient's body) must be proportional to the frequency of the transmitting magnetic field.

Der Proportionalitätsfaktor Mv wird als gyromagnetisches Verhältnis bezeichnet.The proportionality factor Mv is called the gyromagnetic ratio designated.

Der Magnetfeldgradient (3) bewirkt, daß die Resonanzbedingung nur für ein begrenztes Areal, meißtens eine Pfeillinie durch den Körper des Patienten, erfüllt ist.The magnetic field gradient (3) causes the resonance condition only for a limited area, mostly an arrow line through the patient's body, is satisfied.

Ein Schnittbild des Patienten wird nun in folgenden Schritten erzeugt: 1 Das Gradientenfeld wird auf einen bestimmten Wert eingestellt.A sectional image of the patient is now generated in the following steps: 1 The gradient field is set to a certain value.

2 Der Sender (6) sendet ein im Hauptrechner (5) gespeichertes Radiofrequenz-Impulsprogramm und erzeugt dadurch eine Sendeimpulsfolge im Sendemagneten (2).2 The transmitter (6) sends a radio frequency pulse program stored in the main computer (5) and thereby generates a transmission pulse sequence in the transmission magnet (2).

3 Im Empfänger (7) erscheint ein Signal, das nach Verstärkung und Analog-Digitalwandlung in den Hauptrechner(5 weitergegeben wird.3 A signal appears in the receiver (7) which, after amplification and Analog-digital conversion in the main computer (5 is passed on.

4 Der Hauptrechner (5) ordnet dem Signal die entsprechende Gradientenstellung zu.4 The main computer (5) assigns the corresponding gradient position to the signal to.

5 Der Gradient (3) wird nun nach einem im Hauptrechner (5) vorhandenen Programm gedreht,und die Punkte 2 bis 5 werden erneut abgefahren.5 The gradient (3) is now based on an existing one in the main computer (5) Program rotated and points 2 to 5 are followed again.

Nach einer vollen Drehung des Gradientenfeldes (3) kann sich der Rechner ein Schnittbild des Patienten errechnen.After a full rotation of the gradient field (3), the computer can calculate a sectional view of the patient.

Die empfangenen Signale sind sehr klein. Um die Auflösung des Bildes zu erhöhen, wird das Gradientenprogramm mehrmals durchgeführt und die Signale gemittelt.The signals received are very small. To the resolution of the picture to increase, the gradient program is carried out several times and the signals are averaged.

Dadurch wird jedoch die Meßzeit erhöht, was zu den oben genannten Schwierigkeiten führt.However, this increases the measurement time, which leads to the above Difficulty leads.

Problemstellung: Es stellt sich also das Problem, die durch die Bewegungen des Körpers während der langen Meßzeit hervorgerufene Unschärfe des erzeugten Bildes zu verhindern.Problem: So there is the problem caused by the movements of the body during the long measuring time in the generated image to prevent.

Erfindungsgeäße Problemlösung: Das genannte Problem wird erfindungsgemäß wie folgt gelöst: 1.) Es muß die Position des Körpers bestimmt werden.Solution to the Problem According to the Invention: The problem mentioned is according to the invention solved as follows: 1.) The position of the body must be determined.

Das kann durch zwei oder mehrere Signalgeber (8) (z.B. Lichtquellen, die gerichtete Lichtstrahlen aussenden) geschehen, die am Körper des Patienten befestigt sind. Die Positonssignale fallen auf eine Signalplatte (9), die mit einem Positionsrechner (10) verbunden ist, welcher die Position des Patienten. errechnet. This can be done by two or more signal transmitters (8) (e.g. light sources, which emit directed light rays) happen that are attached to the patient's body are. The position signals fall on a signal plate (9), which is connected to a position computer (10) which is the position of the patient. calculated.

2.) Der Positionsrechner ist verbunden mit dem Hauptrechner (5), der die Bilderzeugung sowohl von der Sendeseite ( ein Programm für die zeitliche Folge der Gradientenfelder (3) und ein Programm für die Radiofrequenzimpulsfolge (6)) als auch von der Empfängerseite (7) ( ein Programm für die Verwertung der empfangenen Signale) steuert.2.) The position computer is connected to the main computer (5), the the image generation both from the transmission side (a program for the temporal sequence the gradient fields (3) and a program for the radio frequency pulse train (6)) as well as from the recipient side (7) (a program for the recovery of the received Signals) controls.

Die Kopplung zwischen dem Positionsrechner (10) und dem Hauptrechner (5) stellt den eigentlichen erfinderischen Gedanken dar. The coupling between the position computer (10) and the main computer (5) represents the actual inventive idea.

Sie kann auf zwei Arten durchgeführt werden: a) Der Positionsrechner (10) meldet dem Hauptrechner (5) die Position des Patienten. Dqraufhin wird auf der Senderseite des Hauptrechners (5) die zeitliche Abfolge der Gradientenfelder (3) so geändert, daß bei einer Bewegung des Patienten die Gradientenfelder genau um diese Bewegung verschoben werden. It can be done in two ways: a) The position calculator (10) reports the position of the patient to the main computer (5). Then it will open the sender side of the main computer (5) the chronological sequence of the gradient fields (3) changed so that when the patient moves, the gradient fields are accurate be shifted by this movement.

So wird auf der Empfangsseite eine Bilderzeugung gewährleistet, wie man sie erhalten würde, wenn der Patient sich nicht bewegen würde. In this way, an image generation is ensured on the receiving side, such as you would get it if the patient did not move.

b) die zeitliche Abfolge der Gradientenfelder (3) läuft nach einem vorgegebenen Programm ab. Der Postionsrechner (10) meldet dem Hauptrechner (5) die Position des Patienten. Der Hauptrechner (5) ordnet dann ein Empfangssignal einem Ort im Patienten zu, der sich aus dem jeweiligen Gradientenfeld (3) und dem Ort des Patienten ergibt. b) the time sequence of the gradient fields (3) runs after a specified program. The position computer (10) reports to the main computer (5) the Position of the patient. The main computer (5) then assigns a received signal to one Place in the patient, which is made up of the respective gradient field (3) and the place of the patient.

Das erste Verfahren ist dem zweiten Verfahren vorzuziehen, da sich hier bezüglich des Patienten und nicht wie im zweiten Verfahren bezüglich eines Laborkoordinatensystems eine homogene Messung der Signale ergibt.The first method is preferable to the second method because of the here with regard to the patient and not, as in the second method, with regard to one Laboratory coordinate system results in a homogeneous measurement of the signals.

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Claims (4)

Patentansprüche: 1.) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Bildverwischungen oder Verminderung des Auflösungsvermögens bei medizinischen bildgebenden Verfahren, die durch Bewegung des Patienten während der Bildaufnahme entstehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Position des Patienten kontinuierlich oder in Intervallen, die kurz gegen die Bilderfassung sind, in einem Computer (Positionscomputer) erfaßt wird und daß die jeweilige Positionsbestimmung des Patienten entweder das Abtastungsprogramm (die Abtastungsfolge) oder die Zuordnung der abgetasteten Meßwerte zu einem Punkt im Körper des Patienten beeinflußt.Claims: 1.) Method and device for avoiding Image blurring or reduction in resolution in medical imaging Processes caused by patient movement during image acquisition characterized in that the position of the patient is continuous or at intervals, which are briefly against the image acquisition, recorded in a computer (position computer) and that the respective position determination of the patient is either the scanning program (the sampling sequence) or the assignment of the sampled measured values to a point affected in the patient's body. 2.) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Positionsbestimmung des Patienten Sender angebracht werden.2.) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that for position determination attached to the patient's transmitter. 3.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Bewegungen des Patienten während der Abtastung durch das bildgebende Verfahren die Abtastungsfolge durch ständige Koordinatentransformationen korrigiert wird, so daß für die Abtastung des Körpers nicht ein raumfestes sondern ein auf die jeweilige Position des Patienten bezogenes Koordinatensystem wirksam wird.3.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when movements of the patient during the scanning by the imaging method the scanning sequence is corrected by constant coordinate transformations, so that for scanning of the body is not fixed in space, but one based on the respective position of the patient related coordinate system becomes effective. 4.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Zuordnung der abgetasteten Meßwerte zu einem Raumpunkt nicht ein raumfestes sondern ein auf den Körper des Patienten bezogenes Koordinatensystem benutzt wird.4.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the Allocation of the scanned measured values to a point in space is not a spatially fixed but rather a coordinate system related to the patient's body is used.
DE19843447365 1984-12-24 1984-12-24 Method and device for avoiding blurring in medical imaging techniques, caused by the patient's movement during image recording Withdrawn DE3447365A1 (en)

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EP0456103A3 (en) * 1990-05-11 1992-04-29 International Business Machines Corporation Image-directed robotic system for precise surgery
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