DE3219558A1 - Micro-measuring probe - Google Patents

Micro-measuring probe

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Publication number
DE3219558A1
DE3219558A1 DE19823219558 DE3219558A DE3219558A1 DE 3219558 A1 DE3219558 A1 DE 3219558A1 DE 19823219558 DE19823219558 DE 19823219558 DE 3219558 A DE3219558 A DE 3219558A DE 3219558 A1 DE3219558 A1 DE 3219558A1
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Prior art keywords
measuring probe
measured
local
probe
micro
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DE19823219558
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German (de)
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DE3219558C2 (en
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Norbert H.L. Dipl.-Ing. 5173 Aldenhoven Koster
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ingo 5100 Aachen Wolff
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/243—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the phase or frequency of ac
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
    • A61B5/0008—Temperature signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  using microwaves or terahertz waves

Abstract

The invention relates to a micro measuring probe for the precise measurement of local, physical quantities at a site that is normally inaccessible (e.g. in the living body) and for the transmission of the measured values in a wireless fashion to an evaluation unit that is stationary outside the measuring site. The micro measuring probe is suitable for the precise measurement of local physical quantities, such as, the ambient temperature in human or animal tissue in connection with the application of hyperthermal methods (heating the tissue by irradiated high-frequency or microwave radiation, or heating by another method) for the purpose of cancer therapy, and for transmitting the measured values in a wireless fashion to an evaluation device. The micro measuring probe is likewise suitable for detecting other local, physical measured quantities in measurement objects of the same type of which are similar, as long as the measured quantity to be detected can be converted into an equivalent change in electrical resistance or capacitance.

Description

MI KROMESSSONDE MI CROMES PROBE

Anwendungs- Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mikromesssonde zur genauen gebiet: Messung lokaler, physikalischer Größen an einem im Normalfall unzugänglichen Ort (z.B. im lebenden Körper) und zur drahtlosen Übertragung der Meßwerte an eine außerhalb des Meßortes stationierte Auswerteeinheit, Zweck: Die Mikromesssonde ist geeignet, lokale physikalische Größen, wie z.B. die Umgebungstemperatur in einem menschlichen oder tierischen Gewebe bei der Anwendung von Hyperthermieverfahren (Erwärmung des Gewebes durch eingestrahlte Hochfrequenz- oder Mikrowellenstrahlung oder Erwärmung durch andere Verfahren) zur Krebstherapie genau zu messen und die Meßwerte drahtlos an eine Auswerteeinheit zu übertragen. Die Mikromesssonde ist ebenfalls geeignet, um andere lokale, physikalische Meßgrößen in gleichartigen oder ähnlichen Meßobjekten zu detektieren, solange die zu detektierende Meßgröße in eine äquivalente elektrische Widerstands- oder Kapazitätsänderung umgesetzt werden kann.Application The invention relates to a micro-probe for accurate area: Measurement of local, physical quantities on a normally inaccessible area Place (e.g. in the living body) and for wireless transmission of the measured values to a Evaluation unit stationed outside the measuring location, purpose: The micro-measuring probe is suitable for local physical quantities, such as the ambient temperature in one human or animal tissue when using hyperthermia procedures (Heating of the tissue by radiated high-frequency or microwave radiation or warming by other methods) for cancer therapy to accurately measure and the To transmit measured values wirelessly to an evaluation unit. The micro probe is also suitable for other local, physical measurands in similar or to detect similar objects to be measured, as long as the measured variable to be detected in a equivalent change in electrical resistance or capacitance can be implemented.

Stand der Technik: Die Hyperthermie zur Krebstherapie ist ein relativ junges Forschungsgebiet der Medizin, in dem die Aufgabenstellung der genauen Messung der lokalen Temperatur innerhalb lebenden menschlichen Gewebes erst neu definiert wurde. Veröffentlichungen zur Lösung dieses Meßproblems mit rein elektronischen Hilfsmitteln sind den Antragstellern nicht bekannt.State of the art: Hyperthermia for cancer therapy is a relative young research area of medicine, in which the task of precise measurement the local temperature within living human tissue is only being redefined became. Publications to solve this measurement problem with purely electronic The applicants are not aware of any aids.

Im Gegensatz zu anderen Meßproblemen muß die Messung so ausgeführt werden, daß die Messsonde über längere Zeit im auszumessenden Gewebe verbleiben kann, ohne störende Auswirkungen auf das Gewebe zu verursachen und ohne daß eine drahtgebundene Verbindung z.B. auch zur Energiezufuhr und zur Auswerteelektronik besteht. Ein Alternativvorschlag zur Lösung des Problems unter Ausnutzung der gyromagnetischen Resonanz in kleinen Ferritproben wurde in diesem Jahr von zwei Stellen publiziert /1/,/2/. In contrast to other measurement problems, this is how the measurement must be carried out that the measuring probe remains in the tissue to be measured for a longer period of time can without causing disruptive effects on the tissue and without a Wired connection e.g. also for energy supply and evaluation electronics consists. An alternative proposal for solving the problem using the gyromagnetic Resonance in small ferrite samples was published by two bodies this year / 1 /, / 2 /.

Die Vorschläge, die Temperatur mit Hilfe der gyromagnetischen Resonanz kleiner Ferritproben zu messen, eignen sich nach Auffassung der Antragsteller zur Lösung des Meßproblems weniger, weil die gyromagnetische Resonanz einerseits durch eine eingestrahlte Hochfrequenzwelle angeregt werden muß, die im menschlichen Gewebe aufgrund der hohen notwendigen Frequenzen stark absorbiert wird, und weil zusätzlich ein Magnetfeld im Innern des Gewebes zur Vormagnetisierung der Ferritprobe aufgebracht werden muß. Bei großen Körperdurchmessern ist dies nur mit erheblichem Aufwand zur Erzeugung des Magnetfeldes möglich. The proposals, the temperature with the help of the gyromagnetic resonance To measure small ferrite samples are, in the opinion of the applicants, suitable for Solution of the measurement problem less, because the gyromagnetic resonance on the one hand by an irradiated high-frequency wave must be excited, which is in human tissue due to the high frequencies required is strongly absorbed, and because in addition a magnetic field is applied inside the fabric to premagnetize the ferrite sample must become. With large body diameters, this is only possible with considerable effort Generation of the magnetic field possible.

Kritik des Standes Das Prinzip, auf dem die bekannte "Heidelberger Sonde" der Technik: zur Messung der Magensäure von Patienten beruht /3/ ist deshalb hier nicht anwendbar, weil es 1. eine durch Zuführung von chemischer Energie gebildete Energiequelle (durch Magensäure angeregter elektrolytischer Zersetzungsprozeß) benötigt und 2. trotz relativ hohem Schaltungsaufwand zur genauen, auflösenden Messung der Temperatur nicht geeignet ist (geforderte Auflösung 0,1 °C).Criticism of the stand The principle on which the well-known "Heidelberger Probe "the technique: for measuring the gastric acidity of patients is based / 3 / is therefore not applicable here because 1. it is formed by the addition of chemical energy Energy source (electrolytic decomposition process stimulated by gastric acid) required and 2. despite the relatively high circuit complexity for precise, resolving measurement of the Temperature is not suitable (required resolution 0.1 ° C).

Aufgabe: Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, lokale physikalische Größen im Innern eines menschlichen oder tierischen, lebenden Gewebes (z.B. Krebsgeschwulst) oder anderen unzugänglichen Orten zu messen.Task: The invention is based on the task of local physical Sizes inside a human or animal, living tissue (e.g. cancerous tumor) or other inaccessible places.

Lösung: Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsmäßig dadurch gelöst, daß die Schwingfrequenz eines in einfacher Schaltungstechnik und evtl. in Mikroform aufgebauten Phasenschiebergenerators in Abhängigkeit von der Umgebungstemperatur gemessen wird.Solution: This object is achieved according to the invention in that the Oscillation frequency of a built in simple circuit technology and possibly in microform Phase shift generator is measured as a function of the ambient temperature.

Dies geschieht so, daß durch Verwendung einer geeigneten Generatorschaltung die genaue Meßgröße sichergestellt und der Schaltungsaufwand zur Messung in die äußere Auswerteschaltung verlegt wird, wo der Aufwand keinen Einschränkungen bezüglich Räumlichkeiten und Energieanforderungen (wie diese für die Sonde vorgegeben sind) unterworfen ist. This is done by using a suitable generator circuit the exact measured variable ensured and the circuit effort for measurement in the external evaluation circuit is relocated where the effort is not subject to any restrictions Space and energy requirements (as specified for the probe) is subject.

Dieses gesteckte Ziel wiederum wird dadurch erreicht, daß der Generator durch eine äußere Regelstrecke und eine drahtlose Informationsübertragung zwischen Sonde und Auswerteeinheit stets in der Umgebung seines Anschwingpunktes arbeitet, so daß seine Schwingfrequenz nur durch die an ein aktives Bauelement angeschalteten RC-Glieder bestimmt wird. Enthalten die RC-Glieder einen oder mehrere Widerstände oder Kondensatoren, die von der zu messenden physikalischen Größe abhängig sind, so bestimmen nur diese die Schwingfrequenz des Generators. Die Energieversorgung der Messsonde wird von außen drahtlos sichergestellt. Das Messsignal wird dadurch detektiert, daß die Messsonde im Feld der äußeren Auswerteeinheit periodische Leistungsabsorptionen mit der Frequenz des Phasenschiebergenerators bewirkt. Diese können mit einer geeigneten Meßeinrichtung detektiert werden. This set goal is in turn achieved by the fact that the generator through an external controlled system and wireless information transmission between The probe and evaluation unit always work in the vicinity of its point of oscillation, so that its oscillation frequency is only due to the connected to an active component RC elements is determined. Do the RC elements contain one or more resistors or capacitors, which are dependent on the physical quantity to be measured, so only these determine the Vibration frequency of the generator. The energy supply the measuring probe is ensured wirelessly from the outside. The measurement signal is thereby detects that the measuring probe is periodically absorbing power in the field of the external evaluation unit with the frequency of the phase shift generator caused. This can be done with a suitable Measuring device are detected.

Weitere Ausge- Wie bereits oben erwähnt, eignet sich die Messsonde nicht staltung: nur für das speziell angeführte Anwendungsgebiet im Bereich der Hyperthermie-Therapie, sondern für alle anderen Meßaufgaben an schwer zugänglichen Orten, bei denen die physikalische Größe als Änderung einer Kapazität bzw. eines Widerstandes gemessen werden kann.As mentioned above, the measuring probe is suitable not staltung: only for the specifically mentioned area of application in the area of Hyperthermia therapy, but for all other measuring tasks on difficult to access Locations in which the physical quantity as a change in a capacity or a Resistance can be measured.

Erzielbare Vorteile: Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß eine lokale Messung der physikalischen Größe über praktisch unbegrenzte Zeitbereiche an unzugänglichem Ort beliebig oft durchgeführt werden kann, ohne daß die implementierte Messsonde gewartet werden muß, oder Energiequellen (Batterien) ausgetauscht werden müssen.Achievable Advantages: The advantages achieved with the invention exist especially in the fact that a local measurement of the physical quantity is about practical unlimited time periods in an inaccessible place can be carried out as often as desired can without the implemented measuring probe having to be serviced, or energy sources (Batteries) need to be replaced.

Dies bedeutet zusätzlich, daß die Sonde, insbesondere wenn sie in Mikroform aufgebaut ist, für alle Zeit z.B. This also means that the probe, especially if it is in Microform is built up, for all time e.g.

im lebenden Körper verbleiben kann, und somit bei einer evtl. später notwendigen Nachmessung selbst nach langer Zeit wieder voll einsatzfähig zur Verfügung steht. can remain in the living body, and thus possibly later in one necessary re-measurement is fully operational again even after a long period of time stands.

Gleichzeitig gestattet die Sonde die Messung z.B. der Temperatur mit der notwendigen Temperaturauflösung von 0,1 OC, was mit bisher zur Verfügung stehenden Meßverfahren unter den genannten Randbedingungen nicht möglich ist. At the same time, the probe allows the temperature to be measured, for example with the necessary temperature resolution of 0.1 OC, which was previously available standing measuring method is not possible under the mentioned boundary conditions.

Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels: Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Schaltung der Messsonde ist in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Die Schaltung zeigt einen Phasenschiebergenerator einfachster Bauart, dessen Schwingfrequenz durch Auswahl der Schaltung in erster Näherung nur von den Widerstands- und Blindelementen des Phasenschiebers, weniger vom Transistor bzw. seinem Arbeitspunkt bestimmt wird.Description of an exemplary embodiment: An exemplary embodiment of the The circuit of the measuring probe is shown in FIG. 1. The circuit shows a phase shift generator simplest design, its oscillation frequency by selecting the circuit in the first place Approximation only of the resistance and dummy elements of the phase shifter, less is determined by the transistor or its operating point.

Anstelle der in Fig. 1 gezeigten speziellen Ausführungsform des Generators kann jede andere, einfache elektronische, geeignete Schaltung verwendet werden, die in Abhängigkeit von der zu messenden Größe periodisch an den Klemmen 1-1' (Fig. 1) dem Schwingkreis LC einen Strom entzieht. Geeignet ist eine Schaltung dann, wenn der periodische Schaltvorgang im Arbeitsbereich der Schaltung im wesentlichen von der an den Klemmen 1-1' anliegenden Spannung unabhängig ist. Instead of the special embodiment of the generator shown in FIG any other, simple electronic, suitable circuit can be used, which, depending on the size to be measured, are periodically applied to terminals 1-1 '(Fig. 1) draws a current from the oscillating circuit LC. A circuit is suitable if the periodic switching process in the operating range of the circuit is essentially from the voltage applied to terminals 1-1 'is independent.

Die Messsonde mit der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Schaltung wird in der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Regel- und Auswerteschaltung betrieben. Ein Hochfrequenzgenerator (VFO) erzeugt ein Hochfrequenzsignal, dessen Leistung über eine Regelschaltung einem Sendeverstärker (PA) zugeführt wird, dieser wiederum speist eine Sendespule. Das Hochfrequenzsignal der Sendespule induziert im Schwingkreis der Sonde ein Hochfrequenzsignal (Resonanz). Dieses wird von der Diode gleichgerichtet und zur Energieversorgung der Generatorschaltung verwendet. Bei Fließen eines elektrischen Stromes durch die Diode D (Fig. 1) entzieht der Phasenschiebergenerator dem Schwingkreis LC Energie, was wiederum in der Empfangs spule (Fig. 2) zu einer Verminderung der aus dem Feld der Sendespule aufgenommenen Energie führt und somit detektiert werden kann. The measuring probe with the circuit shown in FIG. 1 is used in the in Fig. 2 shown control and evaluation circuit operated. A high frequency generator (VFO) generates a high frequency signal, the power of which is controlled by a control circuit Transmission amplifier (PA) is fed, this in turn feeds a transmission coil. That The high-frequency signal from the transmitter coil induces a high-frequency signal in the probe's resonant circuit (Resonance). This is rectified by the diode and used to supply energy the generator circuit used. When an electric current flows through the Diode D (Fig. 1) the phase shift generator draws energy from the oscillating circuit LC, which in turn in the receiving coil (Fig. 2) to a reduction in the field The energy absorbed by the transmitter coil leads and can thus be detected.

Dieses mit der Frequenz des Phasenschiebergenerators modulierte Signal wird demoduliert, das entstehende Niederfrequenzsignal verstärkt und im Signalerkenner verarbeitet sowie nach Einstellung aller notwendigen Parameter durch den Regelkreis zur Anzeige gebracht. Im Regelkreis steuert nach Einschalten der Anlage der Rechner (CPU) die Frequenz des Hochfrequenzgenerators (VFO), bis sie mit der Schwingfrequenz des Schwingkreises LC der Sonde (Fig. 1) übereinstimmt, d.h. die Schaltung detektiert das Maximum des in der Empfangs spule gemessenen Niederirequenzsignals des Phasenschiebergenerators. This signal is modulated with the frequency of the phase shift generator is demodulated, the resulting low-frequency signal is amplified and in the signal detector processed as well as after setting all necessary parameters by the control loop brought to the display. After the system is switched on, the computer controls in the control loop (CPU) the frequency of the high frequency generator (VFO) until it matches the oscillation frequency of the resonant circuit LC of the probe (Fig. 1) matches, i.e. the circuit is detected the maximum of the low frequency signal of the phase shift generator measured in the receiving coil.

Anschließend wird über den Regelkreis die abgestrahlte Hochfrequenzleistung der Sendestufe soweit reduziert, daß der Phasenschiebergenerator der Sonde gerade in seinem Anschwing-Arbeitspunkt betrieben wird und dort gehalten wird. In diesem Betriebszustand ist die gemessene Frequenz des Phasenschiebergenerators und damit die Niederfrequenz des detektierten Signals eindeutig der physikalischen Meßgröße (z.B. der zu messenden Temperatur) zugeordnet. Die Auswertung des Messsignals und seine Anzeige geschehen nach bekannten Verfahren. The high-frequency power emitted is then transmitted via the control circuit the transmission stage is reduced to such an extent that the phase shift generator of the probe is straight is operated in its starting working point and is held there. In this The operating state is the measured frequency of the phase shift generator and thus the low frequency of the detected signal clearly corresponds to the physical measured variable (e.g. the temperature to be measured). The evaluation of the measurement signal and it is reported according to known procedures.

Literatur: /1/ Beckmann, F.K.; Dörsch, H.; Röschmann, P.; Schilz, W.: Remote temperature sensing in organic tissue by ferrimagnetic resonance frequency measurements. Proc. 11th European Microwave Conference, Amsterdam (1981), Sept.,433-437 /2/ Wiess, J.A.; Hawks, D.A.; Dionne, G.F.: A ferrimagnetic resonance thermometer for microwave power environment. 1981 IEEE International Microwave Symposium Digest, Los Angeles (USA), (1982), June, 290 - 292.Literature: / 1 / Beckmann, F.K .; Dörsch, H .; Röschmann, P .; Schilz, W .: Remote temperature sensing in organic tissue by ferrimagnetic resonance frequency measurements. Proc. 11th European Microwave Conference, Amsterdam (1981), Sept., 433-437 / 2 / Wiess, J.A .; Hawks, D.A .; Dionne, G.F .: A ferrimagnetic resonance thermometer for microwave power environment. 1981 IEEE International Microwave Symposium Digest, Los Angeles (USA), (1982), June, 290-292.

73/ siehe Wahl, G.: Minispione III, Frech Verlag, Stuttgart (1977), 2. Auflage, 106 - 108. 73 / see Wahl, G .: Minispione III, Frech Verlag, Stuttgart (1977), 2nd edition, 106-108.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE Oberbegriff: : 1. Mikromesssonde einschließlich Auswerteeinheit zur genauen Messung lokaler physikalischer Größen an einem im Normalfall unzugänglichen Ort (z.B. im lebenden Körper) und zur drahtlosen Übertragung der Meßwerte an eine außerhalb des Meßortes stationierte Auswerteeinheit, kennzeichnender Teil: dadurch gekennze#ichnet, daß in der Messsonde eine elektronische Schaltung verwendet wird, die durch ein Hochfrequenzfeld energiemäßig versorgt wird und die zu messende physikalische Größe durch Absorptionsmodulation des speisenden Hochfrequenzfeldes überträgt, und die durc#h eine äußere Regelschaltung stets in einem solchen Arbeitspunkt betrieben wird, daß eine genaue auflösende Messung der zu messenden Meßgröße gewährleistet ist. PATENT CLAIMS General term:: 1. Micro measuring probe including evaluation unit for the exact measurement of local physical quantities on a normally inaccessible Place (e.g. in the living body) and for wireless transmission of the measured values to a Evaluation unit stationed outside the measuring location, characteristic part: thereby marked that an electronic circuit is used in the measuring probe, which is supplied with energy by a high-frequency field and the physical one to be measured Transmits magnitude by absorption modulation of the feeding high-frequency field, and which is always operated at such an operating point by an external control circuit is that an accurate resolving measurement of the measurand to be measured is guaranteed is. Oberbeariff des Unteranspruches: 2. Mikromesssonde einschließlich Auswerteeinheit nach Anspruch 1 unter Verwendung eines oder mehrerer temperaturabhängiger Widerstände in der elektronischen Schaltung zur Messung der lokalen Umgebungstemperatur im menschlichen Gewebe, speziell in einer Krebsgeschwulst, bei der Anwendung von Hyperthermieverfahren zur Krebstherapie, kennzeichnender Teil des Unteranspruches: dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sonde in Mikroform aufgebaut wird und somit leicht im menschlichen Gewebe implantiert werden und dort verbleiben kann, und daß eine Messung der Temperatur mit einer Auflösung von mindestens 0,1 °C im interessierenden Temperaturbereich reproduzierbar durchgeführt werden kann.Preamble of the dependent claim: 2. Including micro-measuring probe Evaluation unit according to claim 1 using one or more temperature-dependent Resistors in the electronic circuit for measuring the local ambient temperature in human tissue, especially in a cancerous tumor, when using Hyperthermia procedure for cancer therapy, characterizing part of the dependent claim: characterized in that the probe is constructed in microform and thus light can be implanted in human tissue and remain there, and that a Measure the temperature with a resolution of at least 0.1 ° C in the area of interest Temperature range can be carried out reproducibly.
DE19823219558 1982-05-25 1982-05-25 Device for determining the local temperature in living tissue Expired DE3219558C2 (en)

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