DE2150480A1 - Botanical purifier system - for treating waste-water or water supply contaminated with inorganic and organic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The water to be treated is passed through a colony (plantation) of plat cultures in an absorption/adhesion filter bed esp. of activated charcoal, the culture being of autotrophic aquatic or marsh plants, esp. Scirpus lacustris (braiding/plating rushes). The water is purified physically, chamically, biologically and bacteriologically at the same time. Esp. contamination by org. synthetic fertilizers in water from agricultural land catchment areas is eliminated.

Description

PROCESS FOR COMBINED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL-BIOLOGICAL-BACTERIOLOGICAL CLEANING ORGANIC AND INORGANICALLY LOADED WATER FOR DRINKING WATER AS WASTE WATER PURIFICATION It is well known to be polluted with organic substances Water from the field of drinking water recovery or wastewater treatment through filtration via granular activated carbon and / or other sorbents or by adding activated carbon powder, To clean flocculants or adhesives.

Here, the organic substances contained in the water are adsorbed or adhesion in the pores of the activated carbon or in or on the surface of the other Adsorbents, flocculants or adhesives held in place. The advantage of this sorptive or adhesive process is usually that even water with an in its composition is a relatively unknown mixture of organic substances in water can be cleaned quickly and safely without being substance-specific Cleaning methods must be used. For this reason, e.g. the Proven use of activated carbon in numerous drinking and wastewater treatment plants.

Besides the use of the activated carbon as a pure adsorption medium was the same as the basic material for bacteriologically working slow filters used. In this activated carbon application, which has been successfully operated up to now, analog as with the long-known biological methods of wastewater treatment (Slow filter, trickling filter, immersion filter, activated sludge process, oxidation ditches etc.) after a certain running-in period in addition to the adsorptive effect of the activated carbon the cleaning performance of the bacteria present is also used.

Prerequisite for the feasibility of this activated carbon process is the presence of a certain concentration of oxygen in the water. Of course To achieve an optimal cleaning effect is also to adhere to a certain one The rate of filtration is important.

A completely different way of eliminating organic substances in the Drinking water or wastewater treatment consists in being the cleaning power exploits autotrophic water and swamp lances occurring in or on bodies of water, by placing them in ponds or basins that are fed with the water to be purified are, planted or settled.

From the large number of ballast-binding aquatic plants appears Due to experimental investigations, especially the rush (Scirpus lacustris) For this biological water purification to be suitable, the special organic substances can be absorbed from the water, stored or converted into the body's own substance. In addition, a simultaneous bacteriological effect should be mentioned, which is the result can be explained that on the roots, the rhizomes or rhizomes and the underwater sprouts are closely connected to the root system Microorganism society settles in addition to the elimination of a part of the organic Water constituents in the roots, the rhizome or the rhizome or the shoot are these autotrophic aquatic and marsh plants ir. able to act as eutrophication factors known nitrates and phosphates as well as other mineral salts from the water and remove.

However, the two methods have the disadvantages that when using activated carbon or use of other sorption or. Adhesive agent usually one that has to be done frequently Regeneration is required. Especially for activated carbons are here with the for During the usual thermal regeneration processes, coal losses of up to 20%, ash content enrichment as well as accepting exhaust gas problems; Besides, with this method is the removal inorganic salts such as e.g.

Phosphates and nitrates not possible.

When using autotrophic aquatic and marsh plants you can on the other hand, not all organic substances during the selected residence times recorded by them or get saved. Is disadvantageous in this method also the fact that sudden fluctuations in concentration with regard to the organic or inorganic substances to a reduction in performance these plants can lead.

It has now surprisingly been found that you can organically as well Inorganically polluted water can be cleaned in an advantageous manner that one the water to be purified by planting or growing at least a plant culture, preferably a culture of autotrophic aquatic or marsh plants, filtered in activated carbon and / or other sorbents or adhesives. Through this Combination of the two known methods for cleaning organic as well Inorganically polluted waters are retained all the advantages the sole use of the sorbent or adhesive agent as well as the sole Application of the autotrophic water resp.

Bad parts adhering to marsh plants are eliminated.

With regard to the selection of the activated carbons or the other sorption or Adhäsionsmiv-teln plants to be introduced can have the same different plant departments belong. As a rule, they are higher autotrophic water and swamp lances of which, for example, the various types of rush, especially the rush, the reed species, the water mint, the frog spoon, the swamp lilies and others in Question come. However, all others can also be under water or partly in water viable higher or lower plant species on the activated carbon and / or the other sorbents or adhesives.

The activated carbons used, for example, can be all commercial activities, as they are e.g.

from hard coal, charcoal, petroleum coke or other high carbon Can produce raw materials. These coals can vary depending on the type of cleaning Water as fresh coals or as partially or fully loaded Coals are used, the particle sizes in the range between o, l and lo mm are advantageous.

When cleaning with organic and inorganic substances contaminated water from drinking water treatment or wastewater treatment will be water to be cleaned in intimate contact with the in the activated carbon and / od the other Sorbents or adhesives planted or

settled plants. The treatment of the water can be done here batchwise or continuously, with the residence times depending on the Required water quality can be of different lengths, but with regard to the plant parts that are effective in cleaning as well as the activated carbon or. in terms of the other sorbent adhesive should be approximately the same size. Preferred However, it is used for the purification of organically and inorganic polluted waters a continuous working method, in which the water to be cleaned through the planting or settlement of the plants mentioned, preferably aquatic plants in Qen activated carbons and / or other sorbents or adhesives is filtered. Here it can Water to be cleaned, depending on the solids content, from the inside to the outside and facing away or filtered from top to bottom and vice versa. At relatively high solids contents the water to be purified can be mechanically pre-separated after the known methods be appropriate. During the actual filtration of the to be cleaned Waters through the settlement or planting of the plants mentioned in the activated carbons and / or other sorbents or adhesion agents, depending on the direction of filtration the wet and dry filtration processes known in water technology come into use. There is also a spraying of the water over the effective filter surface conceivable.

In addition, the water to be cleaned can be recycled after cleaning be guided.

The temperature of the water to be treated can be between the solidification temperature of the water and the different depending on the type of planted or settled plants the highest temperature that does not kill the biological processes can be selected, whereby with the exception of extremely low or high water temperatures, the same in normal cases should not be changed for economic reasons.

The pH of the water to be treated can vary depending on the type of planted or settled plants vary in wide areas and is only in the case of one to correct any recognizable damage to the plants. The same can be true of a negative Impairment of plant life through certain inorganic or organic contaminants This may be necessary through specific upstream cleaning processes eliminate.

On the other hand, the water to be cleaned can be used if there is a lack of inorganic water Load, d. H. in the absence of the necessary or necessary for the life of the plants beneficial nutrients the same are artificially dosed, although overdosing the same should be avoided.

In the procedural design of the process for physico-chemical Biological-bacteriological cleaning of organically and inorganically polluted water there are still numerous possibilities for modification. So you can e.g.

both in the discontinuous and in the continuous Aeration operated continuously or discontinuously from below of the entire processing system or just a part of the processing system carry out, whereby the height of the ventilation zone or the air flow rate depends on the parameters that determine the filtration.

Of course, the method according to the invention can be used in combination physico-chemical - biological-bacteriological cleaning, organic and inorganic contaminated water can also be used after biological cleaning, whereby under biological cleaning, here the known processes listed at the beginning are to be understood under the participation of microorganisms.

The effect of the method according to the invention is based on the fact that in addition to the sorption and / or adhesion in these sorption and / or adhesive agents introduced plants also have a storage or conversion capacity for possess certain organic substances and also an elimination of a part the inorganic load-takes place through these plants. At a certain loading stage However, proven plant excretions can result in leaching of already adsorbed or organic substances held by adhesive forces from the sorption and / or adhesives as well as an installation or

even conversion into the plant's own substance is done.

By cutting the plants in a timely manner, came: on them Way a state can be reached in which a certain part of the organic load the sorbent or adhesive is continuously removed by the plants and thus new attachment centers are exposed, which corresponds to biological regeneration. To these caused by the sorbent or adhesive agent as well as the plants ASsorption and elimination processes of organic and inorganic substances in addition, a special contribution from various microorganisms can be expected, which on the one hand mineralize a certain part of the organic substances or break down or precipitate, on the other hand, however, the oxygen necessary for their life through the assimilation activity of L'F lanzen.

It is evident, -that by the combination between the pure Sorption or adhesion processes and the pure plant process, both for can be bacteriologically effective alone, but sometimes completely different prefer microcosmic bacteria or organism societies, also from the bacteriological side, a substantial improvement by the bacteria conditional cleaning occurs.

Claims (3)

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1.) Method for combined physical-chemical-biological-bacteriological Purification of organically and inorganically polluted water for drinking water production as well Waste water purification, characterized in that the water to be purified is through a planting or settlement of at least one plant culture, preferably Culture of autotrophic water and / or marsh plants in sorbents or adhesives filtered. 2.) Method according to claim 1.), characterized in that one Activated charcoal is used as a sorbent in an unloaded or partially loaded state. 3.) Method according to one of claims 1.) or 2.), characterized in that that the lichen (Scirpus lacustris) can be used as an autotrophic water and swamp plant used.