DE2111772A1 - Standardized element (tile) for the formation of walls, floors or similar surfaces, multi-modular and with properties of mutual single or multiple adaptation during installation - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys

,! .- ing. A. OrO *** "

η -hq. H. ianksldBy_

11. Man 19? - 2111772

Ruggero Farina Morez, Milan

"Standardized element (tile) for the formation of walls, Floors or similar surfaces, multi-modular and with Characteristics of mutual single or multiple adaptation when laying ".

The invention relates to an industrial product with a surface whose dimensions and shape are standardized (especially on a tile) for the formation of walls, floors or the like and on the resulting composition of the visible surface, as well as in particular on a group or family of tiles or equivalent industrial products » as given in the following examples and how they are modular from special relationships or reference combinations or geometrical type can be defined in the following Text can be specified. For these tiles, the conditions of the mutual adaptation that occurs during assembly or during use are different and numerous, especially in construction be, whereby you get a corresponding number of effects, but on the other hand the extremely rigorous standardization of the production is maintained, their Importance is well known to the person skilled in the art and the prerequisite for represents an economical large-scale production. Finding one Ever-advancing standardization (or "standardization" as one such eagt), forms one of the most typical aspects of modern product

-2- 108840 / 12U

tion technology, and on the other hand have the detection and application of conditions of polyvalent modularity in project planning and the possibility of industrial production of numerous products result in numerous materials, products and components of complexes to be transferred to the area of economic large-scale production, which by their nature would otherwise not be individually standardizable.

The main and most important consequence of the statement and observing the conditions of potential modularity is the one that one has received funds which are economical and which are used for assembly can be used economically to obtain complexes in their The entirety does not meet the standardization requirements, and would accordingly be too expensive and not suitable for widespread use to be found and used accordingly for the benefit of the community.

The meaning of the expression "polyvalent modularity in mutual adaptation" which is applied and used in the invention is obvious or will be clear from the following brief exemplary presentation for an understanding of the invention. The example relates to the construction industry and in particular to prefabricated material. It is known per se that in the planning and construction of buildings the tendency is that in practice conditions of "modularity ^{11 are} adhered to, the" module "generally having a linear dimension or a combination of linear dimensions in of plane and in space. is.

For example, when building cheap structures, especially those for temporary use, such as barracks, residential or office buildings at construction sites or other purposes, one uses planar, prefabricated elements that are to be connected to supporting structures or

" ⁸ " 109840 / 12U

already have a bearing function themselves and can be combined in different ways. These elements are generally rectangular areas, the larger of which Side is generally twice the smaller side and which are provided with connecting elements that allow various connection forms.

Some panels have no interruption over their entire circumference and serve to form "closed" parts of the inner-outer walls, while others in a circumferential structure of the same circumferential length Include doors or windows. The "module" is formed by the Dimension or a fraction of the dimension of the smaller side of the circumference of the rectangle.

If you have a suitable number of these tables, of course in large series in a factory with appropriate machine equipment can be produced, one can complete quickly and economically and erect complex structures, provided that the various dimensions always form a whole, multiple of the module represent.

For example, in a low building, the height of which is three modules (in these cases the module is generally about one meter), the walls can be formed as desired by for a horizontal section of the length of two modules, three panels are placed one on top of the other, arranged horizontally (larger side is horizontal) or two vertical panels are placed above one another horizontal part or below a horizontal part. The terms of mutual adaptation depend on the Availability, the standardization and the arrangement of the hooking and Connection device between adjacent panels. in the in general, these means are designed in such a way that it is possible

" ⁴ ~ 109 8 40 / 1.2 U

to connect the panels head to head or side by side, or else bo that the smaller side of a slab with one half or the other connected to the larger side of any other standardized table what arises from the necessity, one being such a The breadth and flexibility of the application is obtained from the multiple Connection possibility results, with each panel structurally with any other panel arranged in eight different relative positions can be (two positions of laying the two sides next to each other, two head-to-head positions and four L-shaped positions each on one side of the smaller side), - Ee is of course not possible, to use this range, which results from the structural multiple usability the modular conditions (configuration and relationship between the sides of the outer scope, availability of Fastenings, adaptations, etc.), because the adaptation must also satisfy functional conditions, i.e. those that result from the function of each result in individual panels, which must adapt to the entirety of the adjacent panels.

In typical form, for example, closed panels can be used on the one hand can be mounted horizontally and vertically within certain limits, with each side being the upper or lower side. Such There is of course no possibility with a door frame. Such a frame can only be installed in the vertical direction, with the base side the door is below and at floor level. In this case the connection option is just simple. With the expression functional connection, Of course, one expresses every condition that is related to the function of the standardized part used, i.e. the adaptation to the adjacent elements. This function can be any function, it can also depend on the architectural appearance of the structure, the visible shape of which depends on the distribution and orientation of the panels which, individually and with one another, form a drawing that again is modular. _

109840/1 2U

That said, the purpose of the invention is formulation and utilization of concepts of the type mentioned above in the field of cladding panels or the formation of walls and floors, the Conditions of modularity and mutual structural and functional Adaptation, as well as the solution of the technical problems associated with it, a large availability range to achieve adaptation conditions of a functional nature for individual products, which are rigorously standardized and as such suitable, in unlimited To be mass produced. One observes certain geometrical ones Principles in combination with the possibility of laying, ' which in turn result from the consideration of structural adjustment requirements emerges.

As is also well known, the tiles are also called cladding tiles are designated, industrial products of the broadest application, mainly but not exclusively made of ceramic material, with the latest technology advancing to an ever greater extent oriented to using a wide variety of other materials (glass, glass-ceramic, clay, wood, plaster of paris, plastic material, cardboard, textile fibers and synthetic fibers and also enamelled metal, etc.); These parts are generally laid by using cement mortar, resin, adhesives and other things and applying the whole thing to a suitable substrate. In some cases, anchors and / or metal anchors are used return.

Common feature of each element for the specified systems is the circumferential training, which is such that an overall coverage of the components to be assembled Surface is possible, namely by means of a plurality of geometrically homogeneous plates, i.e. that their circumferential configuration corresponds to a closed polygonal geometric figure that is equilateral and suitable for such complete coverage

to aim (square, hexagon and, exceptionally, triangle), or one -. ■ '- β - 1098A0 / 12U

closed figure, the sides of which under each other a certain modular Have a ratio, such as a rectangle.

These plates, the thickness of which is generally much less than that Dimension of the smallest side, have at least one machined or treated area that corresponds to the corresponding surface sub-area of the has to form the total area to be formed (floor or wall). - These So apart from being able to withstand external influences, the surface must be. Hardness, impermeability, etc. also meet special chromatic and figurative requirements, because the entirety of the Panels form the visible surface of the wall or floor and this surface must in turn meet architectural criteria or represent the character of the clad room.

Identical conditions apply to the cladding of interior and exterior walls when using products and materials on here may be referred to as a "plate", provided that these products are designed in such a way that after laying they form a visible surface with a generally defined configuration of uniform shape, whose dimensions are standardized. For example, these conditions apply bricks arranged flat, either erect or lying Cement flakes or other material, including stone material, as well as any other materials in the form of panels, tablets, cladding panels or others that are suitable to have a visible surface after installation, regardless of the fact whether the product contributes to the load-bearing capacity of the structure or fulfills other functions in this structure, for example thermal and / or acoustic isolation, light reflection and / or sound reflection, etc.

According to the invention, the special features and the technical-geometric conditions of the visible surface of the product,

109840/1 2 U

which have the industrial products according to the invention. In order to avoid too much repetition and repeated enumerations of the numerous shapes that these products can have, in the further course of the text and in the claims only the expression "plate ^{11" will be} used, with this term every shape of the element in flattened or block shape, the part or surface of which remains visible can be compared with what applies to a panel with the same configuration and characteristics, because the visible surface must meet certain color and / or visual requirements, because the overall complex of panels ( or their visible surfaces) form a visible surface of the structure and define its external and architectural character.

In the case of panels with graphic symbols or decorations with certain Meaning on the front surface, for example geometrical drawings of a more or less complicated kind, represented objects or something else, comes to the structure module (resulting from the

/and

Dimensions of the geometry of the surface) add a functional and architectural bond that appears identically on each panel. Sometimes this functional connection is formed by a representation (for example a flower, an animal or some other significant symbol), which ^creates a limitation for the connection options during assembly, because this representation must be clearly oriented with respect to the vertical. Eb drawn plates are known which are intended to be arranged in a certain position to one another, for example to form a rhombus together, a certain decoration or something else. In such a case, the connection conditions are even stricter and they clearly result from the architectural or decorative complete motif. The "figurative" panels (even if they only have geometric, simple forms), the technical value of which is more or less great, are only possible with buildings or facilities

109 8 AQ / Ί ~ 21

high costs. In order to achieve various figurative effects »you have to have different tiles according to presentation, color and other of the tile manufacturers, who have to deliver a wide range of such panels, it is not possible. Processes and facilities for series production to use, because there is a lack of standardization resulting from the limited Results in quantities that can be consumed by the construction industry for each type of panel. Accordingly, one walks away immediately from that, for example, the cladding of adjoining rooms with the aim a pleasant design that is well differentiated, for example for Differentiation of the different rooms and to differentiate between different ones Apartments in the same residential building is not possible, due to the economic needs of the construction industry to be used for houses belonging to social housing or are not luxury houses. In any case, this impossibility always occurs when, for some reason, only one type of plates with the same one Form of representation is available, or if only a maximum of two or three types of plates are free for use. According to the invention this restriction is at least greatly reduced, because the plate according to the invention makes it possible, through its sole functional assembly, with identical panels or possibly with mirrored panels to achieve a plurality of effects that are clearly differentiated overall, so that while maintaining the industrial advantages of large-scale production, it is possible to produce valuable compositions with a pleasant and different appearance which can be put together in any way and largely depend on the taste and ability of the person who is laying the floor the standardized industrial products according to the invention.

It is clear that the main effect can be attributed to various means leading to a visually obvious discontinuity between the different parts of the visible surface. This discontinuity may be due to the presence of a drawing or figure «

109840/1214

Zig & ^^

i.e. more or less clearly delimited to color differences Type between coplanar sections of a single face. That guy the discontinuity can be due to the presence of straight lines passing on a basic color (drawing with a "Edging") or by circumferences that are monochrome or delimit polychrome zones that are clear from the 'background' stand out, which for its part is either homogeneous or not, in any case adorns the most visually important and decisive part of the complex forms. Of course, the figure can also be pure independently of theirs color properties appear dark on a light background or vice versa (i.e. "positive" or "negative"). - On the other hand, you can this figure refers to the integrated discontinuity with respect to the main part of the visible surface »i.e. result from signs, which, instead of being made up of colored interruptions, are raised, Grooves etc. are formed, which may be used, or by miscellaneous.

The solution ideas for the technical problems related to the Obtaining the important technical advantages of the invention, as well as the definitions of the following text for the characterization of the industrial products according to the invention are essentially based on the statement and on the Development of the following premises. - Take a rectangular plate, whose aspect ratio can be chosen arbitrarily and then take one of the "structural type" standardization considerations which the products according to the invention must satisfy in order to achieve the desired results to get that ratio. The area of these panels is supposed to by a series of straight lines of equal parallel spacing to the sides turn separately, thus forming a grid that is made up of a plurality consists of square unit cells. The distance M between the straight lines that form the module of the lattice (or the structural Ulementarmodui dee products », because it depends on the structural,

■ "" ■ - - 10 -

1Q984Q / 12U

Dimension and ratio characteristics of the circumference from), is chosen in such a way that the entire plate (visible surface of the product) is divided into elementary pofygons, which are made up of one or more Elementary cells of the lattice exist and - as far as possible - each Provide the opportunity to stand out from the other in udder of the following ways to derive:

1) by translation in one of the two parallel directions to the sides of the grid with the size "p M", where "p" is zero or an integer is;

2) by mirror symmetry with respect to a straight line, parallel to one of the Side directions of the grid;

3) by symmetry with respect to an intersection of two sides of the grid;

4) by combining two or more of the methods described above.

The above-mentioned subdivision of the plate is also considered to have been made if, in order to complete the plate, it is necessary to add an or add several polygons that are without drawings, but in any case do not significantly affect the overall architectural appearance, which is made up entirely of the panels that make up the cladding. These additional polygons must be designated as neutral elements and they will be defined as follows. The elementary polygon after the above definition - or its symmetrical image, obtained in the way 2) or 3) according to the above text, which is the same according to the invention - forms the "functional element" of the plate. - So you can say that the Plate can be broken down into a plurality of functional elements (in the borderline case it is only one) whose modular dimension is M, plus possibly "neutral elements".

" ^U " 109840/1214

The neutral elements are combined with the functional elements according to the, linked to the following criterion: each neutral element is associated with a functional element that lies next to it, connected, or also about a separation by means of several or one connecting element, that is connected to the functional element (which is also expressed can be, by saying that any point of an element of a functional nature can be connected to any point of the neutral elements, with a line that goes entirely to the greater and greater on the latter lies.), and the connection is made in such a way that all the functional elements with the corresponding neutral Elements connected to it, polygons of the same shape and area in which the drawings (to which we will come back later) are in are arranged in a similar manner, with the possibly neutral elements, which one does not respect the criteria with functional elements can be called isolated neutral elements.

According to the invention, the condition must also be met that the dimensions of the plate (the sides of its perimeter) must be: "n M" or "n · M". where "n" or V are integers, but they are both cannot be equal to one.

Another critical condition of the invention can be derived from the following considerations. - The representation in each functional element arises from meaningful and noticeable surface differences. As indicated above, “these differences may be graphical or be colored, or in the height, roughness, or the type and quality of the material surface. In every functional Element one can therefore distinguish two fundamental basic parts «which are analogous to other technical and scientific areas and only may also be referred to as "note" or "pause" for purposes of illustration. The choice of the part to which one or the other of these terms is

1 098A0 / 12U

assignments is essentially arbitrary, usually one will however, as "note" denote the part that is presented in terms of presentation greater importance, or which assigns greater importance functionally, which usually coincides with the smaller area. Of course, the neutral elements have the character of a break. The "note" must be a condition of noticeable and meaningful this symmetry meet in the functional element. In order to express this disymmetry quantitatively and in a preferential way, consider the distance between the centroid of the note as defined above and the center of gravity of the polygon which is defined by the entire functional element or by this element in connection with the connected elements, if any, resulting in a characteristic size that is referred to as the "functional module". Man can then put as a condition for the dissymmetry that the functional module is at least equal to half of the module of the grid or of the structural module is. You can see that this condition is actually true the existence of a clear and ascertainable condition of dissymmetry between nete and pause requires that with a modularity condition connected is. In addition, the configuration of the plate is preferably such that it is possible to approach different plates or mutually arranged, with displacements in directions parallel to the sides of the grating by a distance equal to the functional Module or the structural module or a multiple of one or the other and / or with rotation by 90 ° or multiple values of 90, to produce a plurality of meaningful representations in the two-dimensional continuity. These patterns result from the various Approaches or combinations of the "Note" and "Pause" parts of the functional ones Elements and by using different sequences and alternating arrangement in the directions parallel to the grid, being these grid lines form the coordinates of said two-dimensional whole; these complicated representations are not all reproducible

- ¹³ "10984Ö / 12U

Getting the "Note" representation of the individual standardized elements can be traced back. - Of course, at least some of these more complicated representations can be traced back to the various sequences and alternations of the rests, which is why one regards the complex representation mentioned as negative in relation to that resulting from the coexisting sequences and alternations of the musical parts. Apart from the predominant functional elements or the functional element, individual or several secondary functional elements can be obtained in addition to the former or completely independently of the same panel, provided that the construction is independent of the other functional modules of the same panel adheres to the rules and conditions of construction as given above for the elementary functional parts. It should be noted that one would not leave the scope of the invention if one were to create panels in which it is not possible to define a grid that has square cells, but only a grid with rectangular cells and, accordingly, two different structural modules Ml and M 2, so that the two sides of the plate have a length "n Ml" or "n'M ^ ^1. In this case the functional module must be at least half of the smaller of the two structural modules. The possibility of practical application and exploitation of the The above solution idea for the technical problems under consideration and the advantages of maintaining the mentioned combination of critical conditions emerge from the following description of the exemplary embodiments shown in the attached chemical drawings.

Flg. 1 shows a plate according to a first embodiment with indication of the mentioned conditions of structural and functional modularity.

.'ig. 2 and 3 In a similar way, a second and third embodiment,

- 14-

■ - .. ■ · 10 984 0 / 12U

-H-

4 shows a plate, the drawing of which is schematically analogous to that of FIG. 1 but with a different pattern and with the Connection with other identical panels is different,

Fig. 5 shows in a similar manner a schematically equivalent plate to that according to Fig. 2,

6 shows a further plate shape,

Figures 7 and 8 are fragmentary representations of the surfaces, for example Wall surfaces that are clad with panels according to the example of FIG. 1 to some of the very numerous possibilities the functional connection and the representational function of a complex kind with different architectural effects demonstrate,

Figures 9 and 10 are similarly surface parts, for example Wall surfaces, composed of panels according to the example of Fig. 2 and with reference to Fig. 3, and

FIG. 11 shows a result obtained by combining an illustrative and functional effect according to FIG. 3 can be achieved with a background effect.

In the various figures, the same elements are identified with the same reference numbers, which in turn are associated with letter indices are the locations and relationships between the same standardized products indicate if they have been connected in different ways.

The example according to FIG. 1 shows a special technical solution which, however also within the framework of the above-mentioned critical combination of

- 15 * -

109840 / 12U

211177?

Conditions fall: the plate 10 with a rectangular shape and a smaller side 2M and a larger side 4M «, regardless of the metric value of this dimension M, if only it is the same for every standardized product and corresponds to the module of the grid. Accordingly, the grid consists of the circumference of the plate and the straight lines that are shown in dash-dots. The decorative element on the front of the plate "Note" is represented by a diagonal 11, which connects a point with the center point of the opposite side, ie with a cutting line at the edge of the module grid. This diagimal forms a graphic statement or note, consisting of a segment, .,

that has a certain position in the plate; or you can as a note consider the right-angled isosceles triangle, the hypotenuse called the diagonal and the cathetus the short side next to it and the Half of the long side adjacent to said short side; the interior of this triangle can be differentiated in color from the rest of the room to complete the functional effect, if desired.

Further identical plates or epiegelidentis before plates can be connected to the plate 10, for example in the manner shown in the drawing. As you can see, the entire plate comprises eight square grid cells. It can be assumed that the functional element is carried by a cell which has a diagonal symbol and two cells to the left of the first in the figure without illustration, plus two isolated neutral elements which have been shown in dashed lines in the figure for the sake of clarity. The functional element is repeated twice, the two repetitions correspond to a lateral shift. - If one assumes that the "note" consists of only the diagonal segment, the functional ^{module 11 is} F "in the figure and corresponds to the structural module M. - If one considers the entire isosceles triangle as the" note ", the functional module is

- 16 -

109840 / 12U

even bigger. - If you use mirror-symmetrical panels next to each other on one long side (10a) or two identical panels next to each other on a short side (10b), a complex pattern is created: in the present case, a dihedron is formed. - If, on the other hand, you bring a mirror-shaped plate in connection with a point at the top, you have a straight line representation. - Further representations can be obtained by placing two slabs displaced, the distance corresponding to the structural modulus M or a multiple value. The various "grades" are indicated with the numbers 11a, 11b and lic. In the plate 20 of FIG. 2, too, the module of the grid or the structural module corresponds to half of the short side of the plate. The grid is shown in the figure in dot-dash form. The long side of the plate is 4M. The functional © element is made up of one half of the plate with a larger side equal to or parallel to the longer side of the plate and a width equal to the structural module. The two functional elements of each plate are mirror-symmetrical. The plate 20 has, apart from the structural modular conditions already indicated, its functional drawing or "note", which are formed by two semicircles of opposite types 21 and 22, the diameter being on the larger, opposite sides. These semicircles are not only repeated symmetrically with respect to the short side next to the plate in an identical plate 20b, which is arranged in the head direction, but are also able to form another drawing (a full circle) with the corresponding semicircles (such as the semicircle 21a), as it is present on the further plate 20a next to it, under conditions of symmetry with respect to. the larger side of the plate. - The functional module "F ^{! L} in the figure corresponds to the structural module M. In the variant of FIG. 2, the plate 30 also has a structural module equal to half the short side (as in FIG half plate and accordingly has a length of 4 M and a width of M.

- 17 -

109840 / 1ZU

Here the functional module F is larger than the structural module. The plate namely, has as a "note" a semicircle 31, the diameter of which coincides with a short side of the plate. The modular and structural conditions, as well as all of the above Conditions, in addition of course the conditions for the formation of a complicated representation, such as the given drawing (also in this case a full circle), and this is done by using a possible condition of joining between identical Plates.

These examples among many possible show functional elements with "Notes" that can be identified by their position within the plate or through extremely simple geometric figures (a segment or semicircles). These representations, which are otherwise practically applicable, are preferably, but not necessarily, to be completed by chromatic differentiations between the severed parts and the corresponding straight and curved lines, these being replaced can be made more continuous or discontinuous through more complicated and possibly more picturesque representations or through lines or sections Art.

For example, the “note” defined according to the diagonal segment 11 the plate lö of Fig.!, replaced throw in the plate 40 of Fig. 4 by a plurality of juxtaposed figurative objects such as e.g. the round-shaped impressions 41, or by other geometrical ones or non-geometric shapes (for example flowers, leaves, stars or other) if only these are designed in such a way that they match your Number, arrangement or other features form a representation which in its entirety forms a line. However, this replacement requires one other CHtieranalyee, in which the structural module M «equals one third the short side of the plate becomes, from which eighteen lattice cells

* ¹⁸ * 109840 / 12U

give, of which six (dashed in the figure) form isolated elements. The functional module F in the figure corresponds to 1.5 M ¹ . In the same FIG. 4 one can see how with a shifted arrangement of plates 40d a long row in the axis dd of the functional drawings is obtained, while for example by arranging a plate in the position 40a this row experiences a deflection of 90 °. The conditions described above are always observed.

In the example according to FIG. 5, the plate 50 has a functional drawing in which the scheme of FIG. 2 is developed in a picturesque manner, always adhering to the critical modularity and adaptation conditions described, as well as the criteria for the composition of a new and different complex of drawings. The grid, which is not marked, is of course the same as in Fig. 2, and the functional element is analogously formed by one half of the plate with length 4M and width M _5, where M is half of the short side of the plate. Here, too, F = M accordingly. It is noted that the formation of the complicated drawing image can only be partially formed and shifted by the width of a structural module M between two panels 50 and 50a next to one another or one behind the other and between panels 50 and 50d next to one another. All the panels shown have the sides in the ratio 1/2, but it is clear that any ratio can be chosen, for example 1 / S, 1/4, 1/5, 2/3, 2/5, 3/4, Can use 3 / 5j or square panels.

It should be noted that the above examples illustrate the fact that there is often a certain arbitrariness in the choice of the functional Element is given if one considers that certain areas Considered part of the drawing or as neutral elements in conjunction or as isolated elements. - So you could look at the record Fig. 1 consider the entire plate as a single functional »element, or else composed of four elements of length M and height

- ¹⁹ - 1098A0 / 12U

2M with one long side parallel to the short side of the plate, whereby the, first two functional, symmetrical elements from the right. of one point of the lattice and the other two isolated, neutral elements. In this case the functional module would be the same half of the structural module, if you only use the diagonal-1 considered inie. - It should be noted that it is not necessary that the above-described conditions according to the invention for all decompositions of the plate, which are possible, it being sufficient that this applies to a disassembly. - In the case of FIG. 3, one could think of it assume that the functional element is a rectangle with the I.

larger side 2M and the smaller side M, which in turn is formed by the rectangle that circumscribes the semicircular note and that is connected to a neutral element of the same configuration, the functional and neutral element being repeated twice (the former with mirror symmetry) . - In the case of FIG. 3, the functional element could be considered to be the rectangle with sides 2M and M, containing as a whole the semicircular "note", the remainder of the plate being formed by three neutral elements connected to it. - It should be noted that in general one prefers the decompositions which eliminate or reduce to a minimum the isolated neutral elements. i

In the plate 60 of FIG. 6, the "note" has a grid-like character. The basic grid of the functional element, which is for reasons of presentation was not drawn in the figure, of course, has one Structural module M that the smaller side of the plate is equal to 2M and the larger side is equal to 4M and the sides of the plates and the axes of symmetry covers parallel to the larger and smaller sides. The functional element is formed, as in the cases of FIGS. 2, 3 or 5, from one half of the plate, i.e. a rectangle 4M long and M wide - alternatively, naan can assume that

. . . '- 20 V ■' ". ■■ · ■

10.9 8 40/1 2U

the functional unit is formed by the half with the representation (right) in the aforementioned rectangle, with the other half being a neutral element connected to it. - The drawing of the plate is, as I said, “a grid-like shape with rectilinear elements, but these could be curved and / or interrupted and arranged in such a way that they are functionally adapted to the drawings, which are modular or graphically identical and which are based on the in Connect different layers of adjacent panels to create various intricate drawings. {Larger grids, squares or rectangles). In any case, F ^{s is} 1/2 M, as is verified each time the "note" is, so to speak, evenly distributed over one half of the plate. - In Fig. Β, a dashed line indicates a chromatic differentiation in half of the plate which does not contain a "note". Of course, this does not prevent this part from being viewed as a "pause" or as a neutral element. In addition, a chromatic differentiation of this kind, be it continuous or discontinuous, as well as a background decoration, can be entirely compatible with the features examined above, subject to the prerequisite that such differentiation and / or decoration of the background does not allow reading of the representational and Prevents predominant elements and in any case does not prevent the architectural effect is achieved, which is due to the presence and mutual association of the drawings that form the "notes" that are present individually and in combination and that meet the structural conditions mentioned and the meet functional conditions.

Figures 7 and 8 provide a few examples of the great flexibility in forming drawings and architectural designs greatly differentiated type, which are obtained by juxtaposing and combining a plurality of copies of the same functional elements, wherein the same or symmetrical figures are obtained which

109840/1 21 4

correspond to the characteristic conditions of the invention and the essentially correspond to the scheme of FIG. - In Fig. 7 there is a cladding at the height of two structural modules in alternation Triangles, or without such, each of two adjacent functional elements are formed. A drawing was made with simple geometric figures. - In Figure 8 is under a rhombus-shaped cover (which is another intricate drawing formed by the joint of four functional elements as many plates with a certain mutual assignment) a drawing in large zigzag Lines that are parallel and regular.

After Flg. 9 is obtained by using plates according to FIG. 2, which are all identical, a drawing with a wavy course in the line P, which is defined by the connection between superimposed Plates, a line Q with a round course results from the The plates lie next to one another and you still have an area with round-shaped impressions with a deliberately irregular distribution obtained by the same functional element with the dimension 4MxM (see Fig. 2), but you have in each plate an additional neutral element of the same dimensions, which leads to a plate that is pure is different in terms of material than that in FIG. 2.

In Fig. 10, by using plates of Fig. 3, one obtains a Wavy line with a step equal to half of the structural module with the line course R corresponding to the head contact of the shifted Plates with the same spacing, a line S with a curved course 3Ui large spacing is also obtained, and an intentionally irregular one Drawing with different isolated semicircles, with adjacent semicircles and differently oriented semicircles, as well as with circular lines,

'. "/ - *: ⁿ ": 108840/1214

Fig. 11 represents, in its simplest form, one of the many architectural forms Represent effects that can be obtained with panels, for example of the type shown in FIG. 3, which have two primary colors, for example in one half the color that does not contain the "note". In this case the drawing or the predominant architectural effect is integrated and combined, for example, with a rectangular background Characters. “Using the plates according to Fig. 11 in the structure according to Fig. 10 would, for example, result in other effects, including large, colored ones

• Lines horizontally above and below line R; further one would have

alternating rectangles to round shapes in the line S and irregular

Figure 7 and 8 are clearly arranged figures, some of which adjoin the semicircular ones, below the line S. The comparison of FIGS and / or distinguish local differences from one another by using a single functional element and often also panels that are materially identical to one another and can accordingly be manufactured with means and processes that are suitable for very strongly standardized production. The range of possible overall effects is _Ä infinitely large, whereby this range also includes the application of wanted,

- includes local irregularities, the choice of overall effects depends

both from a certain programming and from the initiative and the imagination of the tiler who carries out the laying and who, due to the freedom of choice, is much more interested and satisfied at work. From the various examples it is clear that in many cases the functional module is at least equal to that Structure module is |. - This condition is more restrictive than the general one Condition of the invention and specifies conditions of dissymmetry fixed, which are particularly pronounced, it can be assumed that this is efe a preferred identification feature of the invention.

The inventive approach was based on non-limiting examples

~ ⁿ " -1098A0 / 12U

and it is clear that it can also be realized differently, possibly also by subdividing elementary panels or vice versa Assembling several such plates, using the above Always adheres to the characteristics.

109840 / 12U

Claims (1)

Patent attorneys η. Knteify Π. Man 197t P a t e η t sTri s p "r ü c h e '21 1 T772- Plate or analog product that has a structural element standardized type, the conditions of the modular tat corresponds and is therefore suitable, a visible surface in a two-dimensional continuous space to form, which is made up of a composite surface consists of a number of adjacent panels,. which correspond to the same modularity conditions, characterized in that the / polygonal or »equilateral or right-angled circumferential surface comprises an area that is parallel to each side can be subdivided by rows of parallel straight lines at the same distance, the interval between each straight line or between two successive straight lines forms a "structural module" running in the corresponding direction and the various structural modules preferably are equal, this series of straight lines representing a grid that divides the area of the plate into a number cells of the same type are subdivided in such a way that a certain number of adjacent cells form a "functional Element "can be summarized, and where the ■ entire plate through the division of the functional EIements in the same or equivalent form with the addition of neutral elements (as defined in the description becomes that the linear dimension of each side is several times of the module, the factor preferably not being the same for all sides and the structural module being the corresponding one The direction of this side corresponds to the fact that a surface differentiation is provided in every functional element having a perceptual representation, symbol, meaning or "note", the ■ 1098A0 / 12U Remaining part of the same element forms a "pause", and that the "note" is designed and distributed in such a way that that a noticeable and meaningful disssymmetry is present or formed in the functional element will. 2. Plate according to claim 1, as . ä urchgek e η η ζ ei ~ · c h- η et that · the surface dissymmetry is designed so that the "functional module" (as defined in the description) is at least equal to half of the structural module. 3 «panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized geke η η ζ eich η et that the" note "is determined by graphic or color differentiation, which create an architectural effect in a composite surface, which consists of a number of adjacent panels . "A. plate according to one of claims 1 to 3» "d a - ■ characterized by that their shape it is made possible by arranging different panels next to one another or in a certain relationship with one another Displacements or offsets parallel to the sides of the lattice, possibly equal to the structure or Function module or a multiple of one of these elements, and / or with rotations of 90 ° or a multiple thereof in the two-dimensional continuum of the composite Area to generate a number of differently complicated figures or representations, which result from different approximations or combinations the "Note" and "Pause" parts of the functional elements, and that these complicated figures or representations ■ are not all reduced to the repetition of that figure. 109840/1214 which give the "grade" of the individual functions can be adorned Elements "forms. 5. Plate according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that that additional background surface differentiations are provided, in particular figurative or color type, and / or secondary, functional elements or solehe additional to the functional main element Elements that are independent of this, but are designed so that they capture the functional element or the complicated figures or representations resulting from the "Note" and "Pause" parts of the element do not hinder. 6. - Plate or other standardized product, essentially as described and shown. 7 · Arrangement of an organic number of plates or analogous products that are similar or mirror images of one another, or at least are formed by identical or equivalent repetition of the same functional element und'die individually the characteristics of at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that these products in mutual association or in mutual functional Dependency as cladding of floors, interior and exterior walls or the like are so usable that they form a number of architecturally differentiated surfaces. 10.9840 / 12U Blank page