DE2027003A1 - Dry cleaning using petroleum mineral oil - as cleaning medium - Google Patents

Abstract

A soiled textile article is cleaned by saturating it with a petroleum oil. The oil must have a viscosity between 100 and 800SUS at 100 degrees F and the process must be carried out at 60 to 250 degrees F, pref. 150-200 degrees F. The articles are agitated while in contact with the oil and then excess oil is removed from the articles. The process may be used to clean oil-impregnated textile cleaning mops and between 20 and 40% by weight clean oil is left in the mops. Used oil is cleaned and recycled.

Description

D e ctio n on the petitioner registration Procedure for cleaning of soiled textile items or soiled oil-impregnated cleaning items The invention relates to the cleaning and treatment of oil-impregnated exBil-Heinigungsgegeratände, in order to use them again. She relates In particular, oil-impregnated cleaning cloths or dusters and cleaning cloths In the household and in industry, the direction is currently going, rented or to use existing equipments, the Liaferant of these equipments for maintenance and cleaning is responsible. It has been shown that Stores, factories, hospitals, office buildings and the like are easier to keep clean can be if one the walls, floors, light installations and dust can be removed from the like with oil-impregnated cloths, rags or rags. Of the The main reason for the rapid spread of oil-impregnated devices is that they eliminate the need for water washing and cleaning.

Washing with water leaves you on the floor or on others Surfaces will leave a film if these surfaces are not wiped dry. This film now gives these surfaces a matt appearance and can in addition, enable the spread of infections.

However, oil-impregnated cloths or rags leave no such thing Film back. Another reason for the increasing use of oil-impregnated Rags and rags is their ability to puff up stamen and dirt. At the Cleaning, therefore, the dirt is picked up and removed and not just smeared, as is often the case when cleaning with water.

That deals with the delivery and rental of the oil-impregnated equipment dealing industries provide the consumer with clean items and take back the soiled or used items. D1Ze se must therefore be cleaned for reuse the past did the cleaning the oil-impregnated articles requires a large amount of time. in re-impregnation with oil after cleaning the objects, costs are naturally incurred. at the previous procedure for cleaning the oil-impregnated cloths etc. the soiled devices are first about 1 to 2 hours in a very strong alkali detergent solution boiled. So the oil that the rags contained will removed along with the dirt. The excess water is usually through Spin dry removed. Then the cleaned devices are dried, what takes about 1 to 2 hours. After removal from the drying unit the rags are treated in such a way that they contain the oil removed during the cleaning process resume. The entire operation takes between 2 to 4 hours and requires up to 12 operators as well as the use of various devices. Furthermore, this procedure consumes large amounts of heat, energy and soft water the water contaminated with the oil, which is removed from the cloths, must be drained off and usually in the urban sewer system.

In contrast, the aim of the invention is that the expenditure of time and reduces the cost of reconditioning the used oil-impregnated equipment being concerned with washing with water and the wastewater problems associated with it should be dispensed with.

The invention therefore consists in a method for cleaning soiled Textile objects, which is characterized by the fact that the soiled objects with brings into contact with a petroleum-mineral oil, the oil moves and that the excess oil is removed from the cleaned items. In particular the invention is directed to such a method for cleaning soiled, oil-impregnated textile cleaning items.

The term textile as used herein is intended to be used in its broadest Meaning to be understood, i.e. it should be products such as cloths, favors, fibers or Fabrics made from natural materials such as cotton, linen, wool, flax, and hemp made of synthetic materials such as polyamides, rayon, polyethylene terephthalate, Which, for example, can be woven, not woven, knitted or lace-up0 surprisingly the use of petroleum mineral oil instead of water results in a shorter one Procedure of just a few minutes while. several hours in the previous procedure are needed.

It has been found that in the cleaning process a number of different oils can be used. The oils can be lighter or heavier Be natural, however the lighter oils are more suitable. The oils can do you have naphthenic, paraffinic or aromatic ahaF character (corresponding to the classification method for oils in Anslytical Chemistry, Bend 30, 1224 (1958) and Industrie and Engineering Ohemistry, Volume 48, 2232 (1956).

The term "naphthenic" should be understood to mean oils, which contain significant amounts of carbon atoms in naphthenic rings - Cn, i.e. in which 30 to 45% of the carbon atoms are naphthenic in nature and their Viscosity-gravity constant in the range from 0.85 to 0. 90. Under the The term "paraffinic" should be understood to mean oils that contain significant amounts of carbon atoms contained in paraffin chains - Cp, ie. where 50 to 70% of the carbon atoms are paraffinic in nature and their viscosity-gravity constant in the range is from 0.79 to 0.84. The term "sormetic" should be understood to mean oils that contain significant amounts of carbon atom in aromatic rings -Ca, i.e. in which 30 to 60% of the carbon atoms are aromatic and their Viscosity-gravity constant in the range from 0.91 to 1.05. In general these oils have a viscosity in the range from 38 to 60 Saybolt Universal seconds at 9a, 90 a and from 100 to 800 Saybolt Universal seconds at 37.80 0. Also mixtures of the above oils are suitable.

The viscosity gravity constant is a function of the composition of the oil. It increases with an increasing number of sromatic or naphthenic rings and can therefore serve as a measure of the aromatic nature of the oil. The viscosity-gravity constant (VSK) is calculated as follows: This means: Q r specific weight at 15.6 ° o and V - Saybolt universal viscosity at 98.9 ° C (see Mill.

et al. Industrial and Engineering Chamistry, Vol. 20, 641 (1928)).

The perb of the oils is not critical, but it is with every cleaning process expedient that the oil used has as little coloration as possible. The particular manufacturing process for the oil is not in accordance with the invention of importance. The oils can be obtained by distillation, solvent extraction, acid treatment, hydrogenating cracking, hydrogenation, desulfurization and other suitable methods, such as treatment with silica gel or clay and the like. Manufactured or treated netn. Dsn oils can also contain additives such as antioxidants, UV stabilizers, deodorants, Oil-soluble detergents, humectants, emulsifiers, bactericides, Bioststike, Fungicides and the like can be added to improve the process. In general are on the rag and dec.

20 to 40% by weight of oil, based on the weight of the objects, preferably 28 to 32 wt% retained.

In the purification method of the invention, the oil is used in a sufficient amount Amount used that is sufficient for the to cleaning object thoroughly to saturate and to supply the excess oil, in which of the at Cleaning removed materisl is either dissolved or dispensed.

The flow diagram of FIG. 1 shows a cyclical system, according to the invention is performed.

The oil-impregnated objects to be cleaned, e.g. oil-impregnated Cloths, placed in a suitable container, to be stirred or swirled with the oil to become. In this case, the cloths in the drum part of a commercially available Brought dry cleaning system with a capacity of 54.4 kg. 45.4 kg of the soiled Cloths are placed in the drum 1 of the Torckenreinigungcanlage. This one will through the line 18 379 1 Oi kU-led. In one embodiment of the invention the rags and oil are swirled around for about 20 minutes.

During operation, the oil is drawn from the drum 1 'by the pump 4 and the valve 5 and the line 6 to the filter 7. Then it flows through the line 8 into the heat exchanger 9 and through the valve 10 and the line 11 back into the drum 1 again.

When the cleaning process is complete, the oil is drained from the drum 1 by the pump 4 via the line 2 and the valve 5 as well as the line 19 in the tank 13 is pumped. Your system can through line 15 fresh oil can be added.

The spin cycle time is stwe 10 to 14 minutes, what to an uptake of 20 to 40 wt .-% w based on the weight of the clean dry Rag leads.

During the rest of the device is in the filter 7 to achieve a steady state of the oil automatically dea filter medium (not shown) and the dirt removed. After the filter medium has been regenerated, the OIL let flow again in a circle, namely from the bak 13 via the line 17 and the pump 16 to the filter 7. The oil then flows through the line 6, the heat exchanger 9, the vertil 10 and the line 12 back to the tank 13. Through the line 14 An overflow protection device for the tank 13 is provided in addition to a receiving tank (not shown). Thus, the contaminated oil becomes continuous during the entire cleaning operation removed, cleaned, if necessary supplemented, heated and sent to the cleaning company returned.

In another embodiment, it was essentially the same Procedure proceed, however, were given in the drum 1 189 1 and the Rags and the oil without circulating the oil through the reprocessing system approx. 20 Minutes were moved together Oil from the drum 1 duroh the pump 4, the line 2, the Vertil 5 and the line 19 to the tank 13 is pumped, and then through the treatment system as already described. The rags in drum 1 have been spinning Subjected for about 8 to 10 minutes, leaving about 136.1 grams of oil in one pound of rag.

The operating temperature is preferably about 15.6 to 121.1 ° C. A particularly suitable temperature range is about 65.6 to 93.30 C. The choice the appropriate temperature depends somewhat on the masterial to be cleaned and the one in question Degree of pollution. The length of the cleaning cycle depends on the degree of soiling, the temperature of the oil used, the viscosity of the t518 the working temperatures and the strength of the mixing.

In general, a more viscous oil will require a longer length.

Cycles to get the required degree of contact.

This can be weakened somewhat by working at a higher temperature reducing not only the viscosity of the oil, but also the Cleaning effect of the oil is supported.

To achieve maximum contact of the oil with the contaminated, The object to be cleaned is preceded by a movement or vortex Strength is sufficient to remove the dirt from the object. It can be a rotary or rocking motion can be used. Generally one works at about 10. up to 100 rpm, or in the case a rocking motion in an entapreohenden ' Number of partial iron revolutions.

The usual dry cleaning devices as they are in the plant are used according to FIG. 1, have the structure shown in FIG. One Inner drum 103 is arranged in an outer cylinder 101 in such a way that it is rotatable about its longitudinal axis0 The drum 103 is over its entire surface perforated to allow free access of the cleaning solution, in this case the oil, to allow which comes into contact with the items 108 to be cleaned. The cylinder 101 contains an opening with a door 102 through which the to be cleaned Objects 108 are introduced. These then get into an adjacent opening in the drum 103, which has a shutter 105. The oil is going through the cylinder the line 106 introduced and removed through the line 107 after cleaning. During the cleaning operation, either the rotatably arranged drum rotates versdetat or ge rocking what by a suitable drive device.

e.g., an electric motor 104 occurs. 3 shows a cross section of Fig. 2, from which it can be seen that the inner surface of the drum 103 or wings may have other protrusions 109 that reduce the intensity of movement and contact of the Increase the items to be cleaned with the cleaning oil.

In a cyclical method according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 takes place the purification of the used oil by filtration through a Fusal trap and passage to a filter tank 7 and then into a tank 13. In the case of a sbsstzweise led A conventional lint trap is not appropriate because it becomes clogged. A vibrating sieve is therefore used in this fur to remove the lint. However, an ordinary sieve fiber filter can also be used in the continuous process which requires no greater maintenance than a conventional dry cleaning process makes necessary.

A Har van Corporation filtration system be used which has been found to be suitable. The center of this system is a series of rotating, pre-coated sieves through which the material to be filtered Material is running. The solid particles are collected on the sieves. In the next Part of the filter cycle, the filtered particles are removed from the sieve and the screen is recoated for reuse. The pre-coating passed from 2 parts of a 20 point clay, 80% Celite mixture, 2 parts Attspulgus and 1 to 2 parts carbon.

Of course, the oil can also be cleaned using other methods, for example by centrifuging the oil under continuous Removal of the sludge from the centrifuge. It can also be done by making emulsions can be cleaned with small amounts of water in which the dirt is dissolved :, after which the emulsion is broken, and the water and oil layers are separated from one another will. Another process is electrostatic precipitation Filth. In this process, 5 to 10% by volume of water is added to the contaminated Given oil. A weak emulsion is formed by stirring. When breathing over a getter is caused by the coalescence of the water phase, creating the emulsion Broken. A modification of this method uses a non-uniform one Wechaalatrom- or direct current field, whereby the Wasaer is let out. The dirt particles wander to the high field part and agglomerate. The agglomerated particles fall from the oil solution. No treatment can be done in the alternative coat. The oil can already be cleaned quite effectively because it is is left to stand still in a solution tank for only 12 to 24 hours, whereby the impurities settle.

In addition to cleaning items that contain residual oil, the method of the invention is also for cleaning cloths, textiles, flat structures and fibers made from natural products as well as synthetic materials, e.g. tree corrugation, Linen, wool, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides and the like are suitable for those no residual oil has to be present. After the oil cleaning process the item is cleaned with conventional dry cleaning solvents such as Naphths, Stodderd solvents, carbon tetrachloride, gasoline, benzene, trichloroethane, Perchlorethylene, toluene and the like, brought into contact to remove oil spills. These solvents are essentially hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular chlorinated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, mainly boil in the range of 15.6 to 65.6 ° G. This approach is compared to the previous one conventional dry cleaning processes that usually involve several separate cleaning cycles with the conventional solvents required, as far as advantageous, as at least one of the cleaning cycles by the oil cleaning method according to the invention, is replaced. The lubricating properties of the substance used in the method of the invention Oil reduce the wear and tear of fabrics, especially synthetic fabrics, whereby the life of the cleaned items increases.

The invention is illustrated in the examples.

Example 1 45.4 kg of dirty, oil-impregnated wispy cloths were in given the tube to a 54.4 kg air flotation dry cleaning system. Into the drum 189 were 1 naphthenic Oil with a temperature of 81.6 ° C given. The nephthenic oilx) had the following properties: viscosity SUS at 37.80 C 115 Viscosity SUS at 98.90 C 41.0 API density at 15.6 ° C 23.3 Specifics Weight at 15.60 o 0.9140 Density 20/4 0.9103 Flash point, COC, ° C 168.3 drop point, ° C -34.4 ° C coloration, ASTM -D-1500 0.5 UV absorption at 260μ 3.0 molecular weight 325 Viscosity-Gravity Constant 0.873 Analysis of Carbon-Type Aromatic Carbon atoms, CA,% 16 naphenic carbon atoms, Cn,% 42 paraffinic Carbon atoms, Cp,% 42 x) Sunthene 415, Sun Oil Company The drum was made with rotated about 40 rps. This continued for about 5 minutes. The oil was then drained from the drum, the drum continued to rotate.

After draining the oil, the drum was turned on for about 8 minutes at about Rotated 100 rpm, leaving about 36.1 grams of oil in each pound of rag. The one running out of the drum Oil had a temperature of about 71.1 ° C. Ready-to-use lips azarea and ready for use. It could be opposite no difference can be seen on the rags washed with Waaser. This procedure would have taken about 3 hours to get to the same conditions. The oil was cleaned and was suitable for reuse. Example 2 22.7 kg soiled Lappem and 379 liters of oil were placed in the drum. Essentially, the way of working was of Example 1 is repeated, with the exception that the oil is removed ikontinuously and clean oil was added continuously at the same rate. the finished flaps are indistinguishable from those of the example.

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e

Claims (11)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. method for cleaning soiled Textile objects, especially soiled oil-impregnated cleaning objects, as a result, the soiled objects are not included a petroleum mineral oil brings into contact, the oil moves and that one überachüesiges Removed oil from the cleaned items. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t, that one works at a temperature in the range of about 15.6 to 121.1 ° C. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t, that one works at a temperature of about 65.6 to 121.10 C. 4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized g e k e n n. X e i c h n e t that 20 to 40 wt .-% patroleum mineral oil on the cleaned oil-impregnated objects. 5. The method according to claim 4. d a d u r c h g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that 28 to 32 wt .-% patroleum mineral oil on the cleaned, oil-impregnated G. leaves behind. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized g e k e n n indicates that the used oil is continuously removed and clean Adds oil. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that g e k e n a -ß e i c h n e t, that the removed Ci is cleaned and returned again. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized g e k e n n It is important to note that essentially all of the oil is drained from the objects removes a hydrocarbon and / or halogenated hydrocarbon. 9. A method for cleaning soiled textile objects, thereby it is not indicated> that one a) the objects with petroleum-mineral oil with a viscosity at 37.8 ° C of 100 to 800 Saybolt Universal seconds in excess brings into contact about the amount necessary to saturate the objects; b) moving the objects and the oil at a temperature of 15.6 to 121.1 ° C and that mie c) removed the excess of the mischievous oil. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the excess of the contaminated oil is not removed by centrifugation. 11. The method according to claim 9, d a d ur c h g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the excess oil can be centrifuged and brought into contact the objects with a hydrocarbon and / or a balanced hydrocarbon removed.