DE19911718A1 - Translucent plastic joined assembly used as a transparent viewing component e.g. small vehicle or construction machine window - Google Patents

Abstract

A translucent plastic joined assembly comprises a plastic part with an integral thickened portion joined to a scratch resistant part by a one-piece plastic intermediate layer. A translucent plastic joined assembly comprises a first plastic part which has an integral thickened portion and which is joined to a scratch resistant part by a one-piece intermediate layer of a second plastic. Independent claims are also included for: (i) a plastic joined assembly produced by composite molding and comprising a plastic first part, a second part comprising a glass plate arranged in a central position on the surface of the first part, and a third part which consists of plastic or a glass plate optionally positioned at the periphery of the second part, the contact faces of the parts being joined by a bonding resin layer; (ii) production of a plastic joined assembly by molding a first plastic part with a thickened section and laminating the scratch resistant part onto a plastic intermediate layer on the first part; (iii) production of a plastic joined assembly by arranging the second part facing an accommodating section of the first part in a mold tool and injection molding a transparent resin melt between the first and second parts, a separate third part being located between the second part and the sprue so as to form a uniform flow path for the resin melt; and (iv) production of a plastic joined assembly by arranging the second part facing an accommodating section of the first part in a mold tool and injection molding a transparent resin melt at the back face along a path between the first and second parts at the side of the first part so that the two parts are laminated and molded.

Description

The invention relates to a plastic composite material that by molding a plastic part and a transpa annuity part is made with high scratch resistance, and a manufacturing process for it.

As a transparent visible component for a section, through which the driver of a vehicle from the shortest distance can look through, e.g. B. a viewing window of a small vehicle stuff and a front window in front of the driver's seat of a construction machine ne, is generally a glass plate with a very hard Surface used with which the required transpa renz can be guaranteed without further ado and not by impacting particles can be scratched. Because the glass plate is made from a single material however, they very quickly when impacting such particles damaged. Hence the use of so-called composite Glass proposed, which is reinforced by a plastic part.

Furthermore, e.g. B. in Japanese Patent Publi Publication No. 9-286039 (1997) proposed a composite glass plate by applying a molten resin mat rials onto the surface of one side of a glass plate using a Manufacture molding process. Furthermore, in practice this is So-called CFI (Coated Film Insert Injection) process molding) uses a plastic composite material is made by joining two foils on their Surface each have a hard coating. At well-known examples in this regard Peripheral portion of the molding an edge or a receptacle attached, with the help of the molded part easily on one Can attach sliding window frame. If a conventional Composite material made of glass and plastic, however. B. on one Sliding window frame is attached, the part must be by means of of a separate link. In a so-called non-displacement window system where the part without one Rail is positioned and fixed, this can be done difficult to realize because the strength is not sufficient for this.  

Another method is to attach to a Sliding window frame can be used well when manufacturing a glass panel using a Resin melt molded onto one side of the plate and the Intermediate layer pressed out. This method can also be used but not easily for a frameless sliding window Use the system because the parts are not very strong.

In the CFI process, where in principle foils of the same Materials are directly connected to each other, it does not matter often before that the parts warp, because the art material material shrinks in the cooling phase of the molding process. Therefore, one connects the foils or films essentially in a double-sided connection process with each other, so that a thicker section is only formed in the peripheral area leaves. Since the CFI process also has films with a hard Surface coating can be used, the molding easily damaged by bending so that the attainable Curvature of the molded part is limited. A film with a thickness of 0.5 mm can have a maximum curvature of 65/1000.

That by connecting a glass plate with a plastic Partly shaped transparent visible component points between the Slabs a connection structure, and when molding the panels are joined together over their entire surface. So first a hard, curved part like one curved glass plate can be provided so that a Can produce laminate with a curved surface. The However, making such a part with a curved surface is quite expensive, and since the curved hard part with none very high dimensional accuracy can be produced during the Molding process, d. H. when molding the plastic parts or Connect this to the curved part, damage to the curved part can hardly be avoided. This is because that curved hard part is warped and therefore one uniform finishing and a scheduled production process are difficult to implement.

For this reason, there is a need for a transparent one Visible component with a translucent, scratch-resistant Surface in its main section, which is made of transparent  Plastic is made and therefore easily in the can mold other sections, and preferably to a desired shape with a full or partial shape curved surface is shaped.

With regard to the problems with a composite mat rial made of plastic and a translucent and on the Surface scratch-resistant material such as glass occur, it is a first object of the invention, an improved plastic composite to create material and a manufacturing process for it which by forming a thickening section on the Periphery of the plastic section or at a predetermined Place an improved mounting structure is created, and constructive restrictions can be removed, so that Material is versatile.

A second object of the invention is an improved one Plastic composite material and a manufacturing process therefor to create that by attaching a different Materials to a section for a desired shape men leaves, with its remaining sections molded from plastic are, e.g. B. by using a glass plate with scratch resistant Surface in a part requiring this scratch resistance cut.

According to a first aspect of the invention, an art Composite material created that is translucent Plastic composite material is, with a first part from one first plastic, a part scratch-resistant on the surface, and an intermediate layer made of a second plastic, wherein the intermediate layer in one piece between the first part and the scratch-resistant part is inserted on the surface, and being a thickened section integrally in a section of the first Is partially formed.

According to the invention, the translucent plastic Composite material in the first part from the first plastic a thickened portion is formed at a predetermined location det, the strength is according to the operating conditions increased, and also the rigidity of the composite material as a whole can be increased. If the plastic composite material as one Composite molding is attached in an end position  this fastening method is easy to carry out, and the constructive degree of freedom can be exploited by Design freedom when forming the thickening section increase even if the part has a layer structure.

According to the thickening section is either on the periphery of the plastic composite material or inside this can be shaped, or both on the periphery and in Inside. If the thickening section on the periphery of the Composite material is molded, the part z. B. as a Use a composite part for a non-shifting window. If the thickening section inside the composite material is trained, can be selected correctly and Forming the form elements for the specific application create a surface with sufficient rigidity so that the Plastic composite material as a reinforced translucent composite part or a mainly to Translucent composite part used for construction purposes is usable. Because the thickening section is also trained at the same time as a section on which a other part is attached, the assembly process ratio make it brighter.

A material is preferably used for the first plastic used with high strength. As such a material with high strength polycarbonate is preferably used. In addition, methacrylate is used for this purpose bar. If as part of the plastic composite material such high-strength material is used, a achieve sufficiently high impact strength and rigidity. Therefore, the plastic composite material such. B. in training of a thickening section on its periphery as one Window part of a displacement-free window system usable. It can also be used on the surface scratch-resistant part to a composite material with scratch-resistant Combine surface and high impact resistance so that it is more versatile.

Here, the surface part is scratch-resistant preferably on at least one side of the first part brings. If as a surface scratch-resistant part a glass  plate used and this on the surface of the first part is provided so that a displacement-free window system arises, the composite material for the windows one Use the driver's cab of a construction vehicle and therefore one improved visibility and due to the high impact resistance create extraordinarily safe window construction.

Polyurethane is preferably used as the second plastic. Thermoplastic used. In contrast to the CFI process, at the same materials are stacked directly on top of each other, the use of such an intermediate layer offers the following Advantages: The first part and the surface scratch-resistant Part are integrally formable, and the adherence is through the stacking of parts with different Properties improved without losing light transmission is reduced. Because there are external forces from the intermediate layer let it be picked up, the parts are warped less often that finally a stable plastic composite material is ready is adjustable.

According to the second aspect of the invention, a plastic Composite material created, which is produced by composite molding is plastic composite material, with a first part made of plastic, a second part made of a glass plate exists and in a middle position on the surface of the first part is arranged, and a third part, which consists of Plastic is there or is a glass plate, the first Part or the first part and the third part on the periphery the second part are arranged, characterized in that the contact surfaces of the corresponding parts by means of a Connection resin layer are interconnected.

In the case of the plastic Composite material is the second consisting of a glass plate Part partly with the first or base part made of plastic in a middle layer connected to its surface, whereby its periphery is surrounded by the first part or by that third part, which is made of the same material as the first part exists or is a glass plate, so that these parts to one integral laminate are connected. As long as it depends Use as a second part serving glass plate  is easy to handle flat part, there are in terms of constructive design of the other sections special restrictions. Therefore, by lamination a curved surface within the permissible range of the Not only form the flat surface shape, but also simply produce a part with a curved surface, and only in the main portion of the curved part produced existing light transmission remains for a long time. Depending on The shape and purpose of the third part is a glass plate usable as such, and a plastic composite mat rial in the form of a curved surface or a desired a curved surface can be formed by the Combine flat surfaces. Preferably an Ab when molding such a plastic composite material cut the base part onto which the second part is laminated is designed in advance so that it is compared to the others Sections a depth corresponding to the part to be pressed having.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a manufacturer Development process for a plastic composite material with which a plastic composite material according to the first aspect of Invention can be made, the steps on shapes from the first plastic manufactured first part with a ver Thickening section at a predetermined location, and Laminate the surface scratch-resistant part onto the first part produced by the above molding process, so that a one-piece laminate arises, the one from the second Plastic intermediate layer between them is formed.

In the manufacture of the first part according to the invention from the first plastic and the scratch-resistant surface Part of the composite material formed, the first part in advance shape in a separate process so that a thickening section easily in the peripheral section or flat Section is malleable. Furthermore, the first part thus shaped and the surface scratch-resistant part in a mold arranged, and the second art forming the intermediate layer material is placed between them so that it is the  connects the two parts in one piece. In this way can be a plastic composite material with a Desired point trained thickening section simple way of making. In addition, the Tool surface in the section of the surface scratch-resistant part that is laminated onto the first part, not be sanded, so the cost of sanding of the mold are eliminated and thus a saving effect is achieved.

Furthermore, when laminating, this is done in the separate process molded first part and the surface scratch-resistant part interconnected and with the help of the intermediate layer from the second plastic in one piece or molded into a unit. If instead of the flat plate a curved part as if the first part is used, it will be the one on the upper surface scratch-resistant part with respect to the as described above molded first part arranged in a predetermined position net, so that there is a translucent plastic composite can produce material with a three-dimensional shape.

In the lamination process described, the first Part and the surface scratch-resistant part in one Mold is placed, and the second plastic is preferably during the molding of these parts between this injected. With this arrangement, this is done in advance separate process with a thickening section shaped first Part and the surface scratch-resistant part in one Forming tool arranged and form-fitting to a one-piece Composite material shaped, by means of a Molding device, at the same time molded and that second plastic material as an intermediate layer in the Gap is injected. Furthermore, the thickness of the Set the intermediate layer as required without the Translucency is impaired.

The second plastic for the intermediate layer is preferred a transparent plastic that is very firm to the first Plastic or the part scratch-resistant on the surface adheres. In this way, the liability between the first part and increase the surface that is scratch-resistant, and  consequently a plastic composite material with an improved Create light transmission. For the first part here preferably a plastic with high strength is used. If the first part z. B. is made of polycarbonate as the second plastic, preferably polyurethane thermoplastic used.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a manufacturer Development process for a plastic composite material with which a plastic composite material according to the second aspect of Invention manufacture, the steps on arranging the first Part that has a receiving section for the second part points in a mold, while the second part so in the Forming tool is arranged so that it is the receiving portion of the first part is opposite, and injection and curing of transparent resin melt between the first part and the second part, so that the first part and the second part be laminated and molded, with a separate third part inside the mold between the second part and an injection gate of the transparent resin melt attached is so that the path of the resin melt with the help of the third Is partially formed evenly.

Because it is difficult to add close to the locally second part an injection opening or a sprue for the To form resin melt, the resin melt according to the invention about the space between the third part and the first Part evenly between the second part and the first part managed and thus fulfills this purpose. So that can be Add the second part locally without any problems. In this way is achieved that a curved part of any shape, the Sections formed as required except for that of the second part are easy to manufacture.

According to the invention, the third part is preferably adjacent arranged on the second part, so that the injected Resin melt flows along the third part, so that the let the first part and the second part be molded. At this The arrangement becomes the resin melt that enables the connections injected through a side sprue and simultaneously compressed so that one used as a second part  transparent part warps less and consequently a high one Product quality is achieved.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, a manufacturer Development process for a plastic composite material with which a plastic composite material according to the second aspect of Invention manufacture, the steps on arranging the first Part that has a receiving section for the second part points in a mold, while the second part so in the Forming tool is arranged so that it is the receiving portion of the opposite first part, and injection / compression and Allowing the transparent resin melt to harden between the first part and the second part, so that the first part and the second part are laminated and molded, the resin melt ze along a resin injection path between the second part and the first part is directed to the side of the first part, and the resin melt via the resin injection path on the Back of the first part is injected so that the first Part and the second part are laminated and molded.

According to the invention is used for the connection Resin melt from the back or one side of the initiated in part, without the after fourth aspect of the invention used third part, thus lets attach the second part using the side sprue and shape and at the same time warping during molding prevent. By creating a local one beforehand Connecting space in the first part and without using the third part, the local composite molding of z. B. Execute glass plates without any problems.

According to the invention, the resin melt is preferably from Back or from the not immediately visible side of the first part injected and molded. Thus, the Injection path of the resin melt in the vicinity of the connection form the section between the second to be connected and the first part is arranged so that a rational shape process is made possible without the sprue course directly is visible, and also the manageability is improved.

The invention is more preferred in the following Embodiments and with reference to the accompanying  Drawing described. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1 a plastic composite material according to the first embodiment, partly enlarged and in section;

Fig. 2, the plastic composite material according to Fig. 1 from the perspective of

Fig. 3 shows an injection-molding press, which is used for producing the plastic composite material according to the first embodiment, shown schematically as overall view from the side,

Fig. 4 (a) to 4 (d) the composite forms of plastic Ver composite material according to the first embodiment, schematically,

Fig. 5 is a modified example of the plastic Ver composite material according to the first embodiment, in section,

Fig. 6 is a plastic composite material according to the second embodiment, in section,

Fig. 7, the composite plastic material according to Fig. 6 in partial view from the perspective of

Fig. 8 (a) and 8 (b), the composite molding of the plastic Ver composite material according to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, schematically,

Fig. 9 shows a modified example of the plastic Ver composite material according to the second embodiment, in section,

Fig. 10 shows a further modified example of the plastic composite material according to the second embodiment, in section,

Fig. 11 shows the overall structure of the plastic composite material according to the third embodiment, from the perspective of

Fig. 12, the plastic composite material according to Fig. 11, in section,

Fig. 13 is a modified example of the plastic composite material according to the third embodiment, in an overall view from the perspective of

Fig. 14, the plastic composite material according to Fig. 13, in section,

Fig. 15 shows the overall structure of the plastic composite material according to the fourth embodiment, from the perspective of

Fig. 16, the plastic composite material according to Fig. 15, in section,

Fig. 17 (a) to 17 (c) a preparation process of the composite plastic material according to the fourth embodiment, wherein FIG. 17 (a), the positional relation between a to-use mold and to be laminated parts, Fig. 17 (b) Condition at the start of a lamination process and FIG. 17 (c) illustrates a condition during molding,

Fig. 18 (a) and 18 (b) a production process for the plastic composite material according to the fifth embodiment, in which FIG. 18 (a) (b) illustrates a state at the start of lamination, and Fig. 18 shows a state during molding veran .

The in Fig. 1 and 2 apparent plastic composite material 1 is formed by laminating both sides of a high strength plastic part or of the first part 2 with scratch-resistant at the surface portions 3, 3, wherein one adhesive intermediate layer or intermediate layer 4 interposed between these is. Polycarbonate resin or methacrylate resin is used for the high-strength plastic part 2 , and a glass plate or a plastic film with a hard coating is used as the part 3 that is scratch-resistant on the surface.

The high-strength plastic part 2 has a thickening section 5 formed in one piece on its periphery. The high-strength plastic part 2 is a previously separately produced molded part which has been shaped with a known shaping device with predetermined dimensions so that it has the thickening section 5 on its periphery. The glass plate or film with a hard coating used as a scratch-resistant part 3 has suitable dimensions so that it can be pressed onto a predetermined section of the high-strength plastic part 2 .

The plastic composite material 1 is produced by means of an injection molding press shown in FIG. 3. This injection molding press 50 has a compression unit 51 , an injection molding unit 52 and a control, not shown in the drawing, which controls the compression unit 51 and the injection molding unit 52 .

The molding unit 51 has a fixed mold plate 53 and a movable mold plate 54 opposite the fixed mold plate 53 , which is supported on a sliding plate 68 and is guided by a guide rod 56 .

The movable mold plate 54 is moved by a feed cylinder 57 and moved at high speed in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 to the left and right. A Move Liche mold half 10 is mounted on the side facing toward the stationary die plate 53 side of the movable mold plate 54, and a stationary mold half 11 is plate to the fixed die 53 mounted so that it faces the movable mold half 10 and is aligned thereto. In the Festste existing mold half 11 , a sprue 11 a is provided, and a molten resin material is fed through a hot runner nozzle 11 b in a between the two mold halves 10 and 11 ausgebil Deten cavity 12 through the sprue 11 a.

In the molding unit 51 , during operation of the feed cylinder 57, the movable mold plate 54 is guided by the guide rod 56 to the fixed mold plate 53 , and when the movable mold plate 54 attached to the movable mold half 10 reaches a predetermined distance from the fixed mold half 11 has, the movable mold plate 54 is fixed by means of a clamp unit 55 of the guide rod. A hydraulically driven cylinder 58 is installed so that it serves as a mold closing device and moves the determined movable mold plate 54 further to the fixed mold plate 53 and halves the two mold halves 10 and 11 . The position of the Hydraulikzylin ders 58 is precisely controlled during its movement by a four-point servo control, so that the movable mold plate 54 remains parallel to the fixed mold plate 53 .

In the injection molding unit 52 , a plasticizing screw 60 is installed in a heating cylinder 59 , which is rotated by a screw rotating motor 61 , while an injection molding cylinder 62 enables the plasticizing screw 60 to move forward and backward. An injection nozzle 63 is attached to the top of the heating cylinder 59 and connected to the hot runner nozzle 11 b of the fixed mold half 11 of the molding unit 51 , so that a resin material supplied in the form of synthetic resin pellets or powder from a material funnel 64 into the heating cylinder 59 , which is simultaneously melted and kneaded by the plasticizing screw 60 , metered and injected into the cavity 12 via a channel 65 provided in the injection nozzle 63 and via the hot runner nozzle 11 b and the sprue 11 a of the fixed mold half 11 . Further, an opening and closing rotary valve 67 , which is opened and closed by a servo motor 66 , is installed in the passage 65 of the injector 63 , and this opening and closing valve 67 is controlled in connection with the forward and backward movement of the plasticizing screw 60, etc. .

With the help of the injection molding press 50 constructed as just described, the plastic composite material 1 of this embodiment is produced in accordance with the lamination processes shown in FIGS . 4 (a) to 4 (d). As (a) is shown in Fig. 4, a separately formed high strength plastic part 2 is received by a receiving portion 13 and held to that of a stamping die is formed in the front surface of the movable mold half 10, and a scratch-resistant at the surface of part 3 on the front surface of the fixed mold half 11 connected to the injection nozzle and is held there. In this state, molten resin or polyurethane thermoplastic 4 a is injected into the cavity 12 to form an adhesive intermediate layer, which is formed between the movable mold half 10 and the fixed mold half 11 with the aid of a sealing part 14 . This sealing part 14 is arranged on the periphery of the molded part to be produced like a frame and prevents resin melt 4 a from running out at the dividing line. Simultaneously with the injection, the movable mold half 10 is moved forward by the hydraulic cylinder 58 , so that the resin melt 4 a injected into the cavity 12 is pressed and shaped, as can be seen from FIG. 4 (b). Furthermore, the mold half, in which the preformed part and the film and which holds these parts are inserted, should preferably be preheated to an elevated temperature when performing the injection molding, so that the adhesiveness of the adhesive intermediate layer 4 is improved during molding.

During injection molding of the resin melt 4 a can with that one intermediate adhesive layer 4 between the space to the hollow 12 located towards the surfaces of the high-strength plastic part 2, which is held on the receiving portion 13 of the movable mold half 10, and the surface of the fixed from the Form mold 11 held scratch-resistant part 3 , namely over the entire surface of these parts. In this way, the scratch-resistant member 3 is laminated by means of the intermediate adhesive layer 4 in one piece on one of the surfaces of the high strength plastic part. 2

As can be seen from Fig. 4 (c), the semifinished product, ie the high-strength plastic part 2 with the scratch-resistant part 3 laminated onto its surface, is then held such that the side of the laminated scratch-resistant part 3 to the receiving section 13 a of the movable mold half FIG. 10 a shows while another part 3 that is scratch-resistant on the surface is held on the front surface of the fixed mold half 11 . Now, as in the previous operation, resin melt 4 a is injected into the cavity 12 of the molding tool and at the same time the movable mold half 10 is moved forward, so that the resin melt 4 a injected into the cavity 12 is pressed and shaped, as shown in FIG. 4 (d) can be seen. In this way, one obtains a plastic composite material 1 which can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the parts 3 which are scratch-resistant on the surface are laminated on both sides to the surface of the high-strength plastic part 2 with the thickening section 5 formed on its periphery. Here, the semi-finished product, ie the high-strength plastic part 2 with the scratch-resistant part 3 laminated onto its surface, can be provided with a hard coating in advance, depending on the intended use, which is formed in one piece by a CFI process when the high-strength plastic part 2 is molded.

The plastic composite material 1 thus produced, with the thickening section 5 formed on its periphery as described, has an improved surface rigidity and is a translucent structural molded part. Therefore, it can be z. B. as a window molding etc. for a cabin of a construction vehicle after its outer shape has been finished to a predetermined shape and size, so that the plastic composite material 1 can be attached to a frame of the driver's cab without the need for an additional sliding frame is. Furthermore, since the plastic composite material 1 is shaped to have the high-strength polycarbonate part and the two surfaces covered by the scratch-resistant parts 3 except for the peripheral portion, it can also be used as a structural part with high mechanical strength as a whole , so that a safe structure can be guaranteed. In particular, scratches etc. caused by adhering dust particles can be prevented, and even if sharp-edged splinters or fragments etc. impact the outer surface, there is no risk of damage due to the high impact strength, which ensures the safety of the operator.

As described above, a preformed high-strength plastic part 2 is used as the core for the production of the plastic composite material 1 with the scratch-resistant parts 3 laminated onto both surfaces of the high-strength plastic part 2 with the peripheral thickening section 5 , so that the thickening section 5 depends on the periphery thereof Can be used with different cross-sectional shape, z. B. with a square or other special shape, even if this is not apparent from the drawing.

In the embodiment just described, the plastic composite material 1 has on both sides a laminated part 3 that is scratch-resistant on the surface. Such as 5 can be seen from Fig., But also can be a plastic composite provide 1 A, which has a high strength plastic part 2, with the swelling portion 5 at its periphery, is laminated in which only one side of a scratch-resistant at the surface of part 3. Such a plastic composite material 1 A is preferably used as a translucent composite part, the z. B. is attached to a section that must be very scratch-resistant on the outside. In this way, translucency and a safe structure that is resistant to external forces can be guaranteed at the same time.

As can be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7, a plastic composite material 1 B according to a second embodiment of the invention has a high-strength plastic part 2 a, in which the upper and lower ends are formed as a thickening section 5 a and on one side a thickened protrusion portion 6 is formed in a part of the middle portion. A part that is scratch-resistant on the surface is laminated on one side in one piece onto the entire surface lying between the upper and the lower end or the thickening sections 5 a, with the exception of the projection section 6 . An adhesive intermediate layer 4 is formed between the part 3 that is scratch-resistant on the surface and the high-strength plastic part 2 a.

Such as B. from Fig. 8 (a) and 8 (b) can be seen when producing the plastic composite material 1 B just described with the help of the injection molding machine shown in FIG. 3, first a separately shaped high-strength plastic part 2 b in a in the front Surface of a movable mold half 10 b of a compression molding tool receiving portion 13 b received and held, as shown in Fig. 8 (a), and a surface scratch-resistant part 3 b with a cutout corresponding to the projection portion 6 is a fixed on the front surface Molded half 11 b placed and held, which is connected to an injection nozzle. In this state, molten resin or polyurethane thermoplastic 4 a, which forms an adhesive intermediate layer, is injected into the cavity 12 , which is formed between the movable mold half 10 b and the fixed mold half 11 b with the aid of a part 14 forming a seal . This sealing part 14 is arranged on the periphery of the molded part to be produced like a frame and prevents resin melt 4 a from running out at the dividing line. Simultaneously with the injection, the movable mold half 10 b is moved forward, so that the resin melt 4 a injected into the cavity 12 is pressed and shaped, as can be seen from FIG. 8 (b). A in the fixed mold half 11 b incorporated sealing part 15 is arranged in a section which corresponds to the projection section 6 , so that there is no resin melt or no polyurethane thermoplastic 4 a is injected. Furthermore, the mold half, in which the preformed part and the film are inserted and which holds these parts, should preferably be preheated to an increased temperature when the injection molding is carried out, so that the adhesiveness of the adhesive intermediate layer 4 during molding is improved.

The plastic composite material 1 B constructed as just described is stiffened by means of the thickening sections 5 a formed at its upper and lower ends, and moreover, by means of the projection or Ver thickening section 6 formed in the laminated central section inside the part Attach another part to the part. The projection section 6 can also be used as a holding section. Thus, a translucent composite part can be created, the possible uses of which go beyond that of a conventional composite material of this type.

In the described embodiment, the surface 3 b scratch-resistant is laminated onto one of the surfaces of the high-strength plastic part 2 b forming a main part. However, a part 3 that is scratch-resistant on the surface can preferably be pressed onto both sides of the main part. An example of such a plastic composite material can be seen from FIG. 9, where the scratch-resistant part 3 b is laminated onto a surface provided with the projection section 6 , while the scratch-resistant part 3 is laminated onto the entire suitable section of the other surface. Furthermore, as can be seen from Fig. 10, yet another structure can be created with a number of protruding portions or protruding strip portions 6 , which are formed on one of the surfaces of the high-strength plastic part 2 b, while the scratch-resistant part 3 on the other surface is laminated.

In addition, the thickening sections arranged on the periphery, as in the previously described embodiment, can be designed with any cross-sectional shape depending on the intended use. The part can not only be designed for use as a simple window composite part, but instead of the described projecting section, thickening sections in the form of ribs or a section serving as a base plate for another part can also be formed at any point on the surface of the composite material. A glass plate, a plastic film with a hard coating, etc. can serve as the scratch-resistant part 3 b ( 3 ) to be pressed on when the part is used as a window composite part. With the hard-coated plastic film, a low overall weight can be achieved in other applications, and by using a colored film, a translucent plastic composite material, preferably serving as a visible component, can be created, with which ultraviolet and infrared radiation components of the light can be shielded.

It is also possible, even if this is from the drawing is not apparent on a surface of the high-strength Plastic part a number of protruding strips train the desired shape and on the respective of the Strips correspondingly shaped sections hard-coated plastic films of different colors to attach. In this way you can create a stained glass-like one Manufacture decorative plate in a simple way. Furthermore can be a structure also not described as an example create a translucent or non-translucent casual part, which by means of the adhesive intermediate layer as a lumpy part is formed on one side of the high-strength Plastic plate attached and connected to it, so that by directly attaching special objects to the translucent composite part with a flat surface a new one Builds up.

Consisting of Figs. 11 and 12 apparent plastic composite part 1 D according to the third embodiment of the invention has a three-dimensional structure, whereby a high strength plastic part 2 d advance of a high strength plastic material such as polycarbonate is produced, so that it integrally comprises a planar portion 1 d, an inclined section 1 d and a thickening section 5 d formed on the periphery of these sections, and at corresponding locations of the plastic composite part 2 d, scratch-resistant parts 3 such as glass plates, hard-coated plastic films or films are laminated on the surface, as in FIG the drawing can be seen. Here, the rigidity can be increased by increasing the thickness of a bending section d ″ forming the transition between the flat section 1 d and the inclined section 1 d ′.

A plastic composite material 1 D of this type is created by the steps of preforming the high-strength plastic part 2 d as its main part into a predetermined shape in a separate molding process, arranging this molded high-strength plastic part 2 d in an injection mold, and attaching it to the Surface scratch-resistant parts 3 at predetermined locations by means of an adhesive intermediate layer 4 , so that an integral part is formed, in the same way as in the previously described embodiment.

With this arrangement, a part can be created which is integrally formed as a front glass pane and skylight and z. B. is used as a skylight or front component of the driver's cab of a construction machine. The strength is increased by increasing the thickness of the edge section or peripheral section which surrounds the part, and by providing a thickening on the bending section to which no scratch-resistant part 3 is laminated. This property is combined with the translucency of the high-strength plastic part 2 d serving as the main part, so that the number of individual parts of the front component can be reduced and a high level of safety of the part can be ensured.

When a surface is curved beyond the design limits in the CFI process, it often happens that the hard coating of a hard-coated film or film material breaks. Therefore, a plastic composite material 1 E shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is proposed as an example, in which the curved section can be shaped as a thickening section 5 e of a high-strength plastic part 2 e and only the flat sections with a hard-coated film or film material as scratch-resistant part 3 are provided. In the manufacture of such a plastic composite material 1 E with a partially curved section, the high-strength plastic part 2 e is formed separately so that it has a predetermined shape as described above, and this molded high-strength plastic part 2 e can be made with a hard-coated film or Form the film material of the scratch-resistant part 3 into a one-piece part in a lamination process. The apparent from Fig. 13 and 14 reference numeral 7 denotes a thickening section.

In the one described in the first three embodiments Plastic composite material becomes high when you combine one solid plastic part with a scratch-resistant surface Part of the section of the scratch-resistant part of a separate one molded part formed so that different types of Have composite materials manufactured, e.g. B. composite parts for translucent sections in commercial Machines and devices. Because the composite material has a high Has degree of freedom of design, it can be in one use a wide range of applications, e.g. B. for visible components in Buildings.

In a fourth embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS . 15 and 16, a plastic composite material 20 is a plastic plate in which in the central portion of one side of an elongated base part or first part 21 , which has an inclined portion of a predetermined size in its lower half has a hard, transparent part laminated and molded. The plastic composite material 20 has a transparent plastic part as the base part 21 which, for. B. is made of polycarbonate. A glass plate 22 serves as the hard, transparent part or second part. As a connecting intermediate layer 23 z. B. uses a polyurethane thermoplastic resin so that the glass plate 22 can be pressed onto the base part 21 . Further, a film 24 serving as a third part, which is made of the same type of polycarbonate as the base part 21 , is fixed to the bent portion adjacent to the glass plate 22 .

Depending on the shape, the third part can of course also preferably be made of glass.

To form the plastic composite material 20 , the base part 21 is prefabricated as a pre-formed part with a shape in which the sections onto which the glass plate 22 and the thin film 24 serving as the third part are to be laminated have a depth such that the glass plate 22 can be pressed onto the central section of one of its two sides.

The plastic composite material 20 as just described is a total of a transparent plate, but it is used so that the section with the glass plate 22 laminated in its center is on the outside. Since the section with the laminated glass plate 22 cannot be scratched by particles flying around hitting its surface, the light transmission is not impaired even if the plate is e.g. B. is used as a protective part in an environment where dust and dirt particles are often thrown upward. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, only a section is bent to an inclined visible surface. The base part 21 can, however, also be continuously brought into a desired shape using a plastic molding process. By providing a desired outer shape in which, for. B. only the section in which the glass plate 22 is laminated, is flat and the other sections are curved, a transparent, three-dimensionally curved visible component can only be formed in the sections with a scratch-resistant surface, in which this is also necessary.

As can be seen from FIG. 17, the described plastic composite material 20 is produced as follows: the molding tool 25 has a recess section 27 formed on the side of the movable mold half 26 , in which the base part 21 is completely held on its rear surface, and on the side of the fixed mold half 28 formed holding sections 29 , in which the glass plate 22 and the third part 24 are held. In this arrangement, the composite molding is carried out with the aid of the injection molding press 50 shown in FIG. 3. Provided in the fixed mold half 28 is a sealing part 30 which is used when the parts are laminated onto the base part 21 and which surrounds at least three sides of the glass plate 22 and the third part 24 . The base part 21 is previously formed into a shape with connecting portions 21 a, the depth of which corresponds to the thickness of the glass plate 22 and the third part 24 , so that the glass plate 24 and the third part 24 can be fitted therein for lamination. The gate 31 for the connecting resin, e.g. B. polyurethane thermoplastic resin is formed so that its opening is arranged at the outer end at which the third part 24 is laminated. Reference numeral 31 denotes a hot runner nozzle for the resin to be injected.

The base part 21 is held by the recess portion 27 of the movable mold half 26 so that its rear side is completely accommodated therein, and the glass plate 22 and the third part 24 , ie a film made of the same transparent material as the base part 21 , are from the Holding sections 29 of the fixed mold half 28 held.

As shown in Fig. 17 (b), the movable mold half 26 is moved forward and cooperates with the fixed mold half 28 to close the mold 25 , and from the injection nozzle 62 via the sprue 31 is melted compound resin in the space between the base part 21 and the third part 24 are injected. The compound resin melt then flows through the gap between the third portion 24 and the connecting portions 21 formed in the base portion 21 a.

When a predetermined amount of bonding resin is injected, the movable mold half 26 is again moved forward so that the injected bonding resin is compressed in cooperation with the fixed molding half 28 and the glass plate 22 and the third part 24 are laminated onto the base part 21 , as shown in FIG. 17 (c) can be seen.

When the third part 24 is made of the same material as the base part 21 , the plastic composite material 20 thus molded and laminated has a different material only in the portion of the glass plate 22 serving as the second part, and since the connecting intermediate layer 23 is transparent Resin, practically the entire part with the locally arranged glass plate 22 becomes transparent, so that the injection path of the connecting resin or the connecting intermediate layer 23 can be provided on the outer edge of the third part 24 and no injection path is arranged in the vicinity of the press-on section of the glass plate 22 is. That is, the third part 24 serves as a blind part, which acts as a film sprue when the glass plate 22 inserted centrally in the plate or the composite material is laminated on, so that a finished product with a good appearance can be produced without being molded into the laminating layer comes to warp the parts.

As described above, after the previously positioned glass plate 22 has been laminated, the finished product has a flat glass plate in the laminated section, while the remaining sections are made of plastic. Therefore, by using a base part that has a glass plate only at the scratch-resistant location and the remaining sections of which are molded from plastic as required, a product can easily be produced in which, for. B. a glass plate is laminated in a curved plate on one side or surface at only the desired location. Further, if only flat surfaces are used in molding instead of a combination with a curved portion, a glass plate can be used as the third part 24 .

From Fig. 18 (a) and (b) a further molding process for a composite material with a locally laminated transparent portion can be seen. The plastic composite material thus produced looks practically the same as the plastic composite material 20 described above. In the previously described molding process, however, the glass plate of a finished plate-shaped composite material was surrounded by the part of the same material, since the third part was used as a blind part, whereas no blind part is used in this process.

In a mold 25 A used here, a holding section 28 a is formed on the fixed mold half 28 A, the shape of which corresponds to the rear surface of a base part 21 A, and a sealing part 30 is arranged on a movable mold half 26 A in the form of a frame, so that it surrounds and seals the periphery of the glass plate 22 to be pressed. Furthermore, a hot runner nozzle 32 'and an inlet 32 for connecting resin are formed, so that the connecting resin can be injected at the rear of a connecting section 21 a of the base part 21 A.

As in the embodiment described above, the base part 21 A consisting of transparent plastic such as polycarbonate is shaped in advance in such a way that a connecting section 21 a is cut out in it at a connection point for the glass plate 22 , the depth of which corresponds to the thickness of the glass plate 22 . A thermoplastic resin such as polyurethane thermoplastic is used as the connecting resin, and the composite molding takes place on the injection molding press 50 shown in FIG. 3. In addition, the connecting portion 21 a of the base part 21 A is provided in advance with a sprue of smaller diameter, which corresponds to the inlet 32 on the side of the mold.

As can be seen from Fig. 18 (a), the base part 21 A formed in advance into a predetermined shape is attached to the holding portion 28 a of the fixed mold half 28 A during molding. The glass plate 22 is attached to the front surface of the movable mold half 26 A, with the sealing member 30 being held at its periphery. Now the movable mold half 26 A is moved forward and the mold is closed, and from an injection nozzle not shown in the drawing, a predetermined amount of molten resin is in a between the connecting portion 21 a and the glass plate over the sprue of the base part 21 A and through the inlet 32 22 formed cavity injected.

The injected connecting resin melt is then compressed by pressing together the movable mold half 26 A and the fixed mold half 28 A, so that the glass plate 22 is laminated onto the base part 21 A with the aid of the intermediate connecting layer or the connecting resin 23 , as shown in FIG. 18 ( b) can be seen. Material in the thus formed plate or the composite of the injection gate 21 is formed for the connection A resin in the middle of the base part. However, the sprue is arranged less conspicuously, since it lies along the boundary or connection section formed between the base part and the glass plate during molding.

There is no blind part in the composite material formed in this way or third part required, and using the page cast distortion is prevented. Thus, the Reduce the number of parts and make the molding process efficient shape. They cannot be used in this molding process either sections to be laminated as described above Form molding process in any shape, so that depending on Use a desired shape and create a plate or can simply produce a composite material that in one function-relevant translucent section one have laminated glass plate.

Claims (14)

1. Translucent plastic composite material with
a first part made of a first plastic,
a part scratch-resistant on the surface, and
an intermediate layer made of a second plastic, the intermediate layer being inserted in one piece between the first part and the part that is scratch-resistant on the surface,
wherein a portion of a thickening portion is integrally formed on a portion of the first part. 2. Plastic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the Thickening section either on a periphery of the Plastic composite material or is molded therein, or both on the periphery and inside. 3. Plastic composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a high-strength plastic is used for the first part. 4. Plastic composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface scratch-resistant part at least on an upper surface of the first part is attached. 5. Plastic composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein polyurethane thermoplastic is used as the second plastic. 6. Plastic composite material that is produced by composite molding with
a first part made of plastic,
a second part made of a glass plate, the second part being arranged in a central position on the upper surface of the first part, and
a third part made of plastic or a glass plate, the first part or the first part and the third part being arranged on the periphery of the second part,
wherein the contact surfaces of the respective parts are connected to one another by means of a connecting resin layer. 7. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material, with the steps
Molding the first part made of the first plastic with a thickening portion at a predetermined position, and
Laminating the surface, which is scratch-resistant, onto the first part produced by the molding process, so that a one-piece part is formed, the intermediate layer consisting of the second plastic being inserted between them. 8. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material The claim 7, wherein the first part and the one on the surface scratch-resistant part can be arranged in a mold, and the parts are preferably molded while at the same time the second plastic is injected between them. 9. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the second plastic same type of plastic as the first plastic or the scratch-resistant part is used on the surface. 10. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material according to claim 7 or 8, wherein as a first plastic high-strength material is used. 11. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material, with the steps
Arranging the first part, which has a receiving section for the second part, in a mold, while the second part is arranged in the mold so that it is opposite the receiving section of the first part, and
Injecting and curing the transparent resin melt between the first part and the second part so that the first part and the second part are laminated and molded,
with a separate third part inside the mold between the second part and an injection gate of the transparent resin melt is attached so that the path of the resin melt is evenly ausgebil det with the help of the third part. 12. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material according to claim 11, wherein the third part adjacent to the second part is arranged so that the injected resin melt along the third part and flow the first Laminate and shape the part and the second part. 13. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material, with the steps
Arranging the first part, which has a receiving section for the second part, in a mold, while the second part is arranged in the mold so that it is opposite the receiving section of the first part, and
Injecting and curing the transparent resin melt between the first part and the second part so that the first part and the second part are laminated and molded,
wherein the resin melt is led to the first part side through an injection path between the second part and the first part, and the resin melt is injected from the back of the first part through the resin injection path so that the first part and the second part are laminated and be shaped. 14. Manufacturing process for a plastic composite material according to claim 13, wherein the resin melt from the back of the first part from or from its not directly visible side is injected from.