DE19749530A1 - Separating biological waste from sand in basin - Google Patents

Abstract

Collected refuse is discharged into a collecting basin (7) containing fluid, and the heavy fractions sink. The heaviest fraction is dredged and removed as sludge. The lightest fractions are skimmed from the surface and removed for treatment. A portion of the residual fraction containing concentrated biological residue is drawn from the basin and sieved. The partly dried residue is crushed and fermented and/or composted. In the treatment of biological residue collected as refuse, the biological refuse is received together with impurities such as heavy metals, sand, stones, metal, glass, gravel, and lighter fractions such as pieces of foil, paper and plastic. The collected refuse is first discharged into a collecting basin (7) also containing fluid and in which the heavy fractions sink to the bottom while lighter fractions float. The collected refuse is thus subdivided into three fractions. The heaviest fraction is dredged and removed as sludge. The lightest fractions are skimmed from the surface and removed for treatment. A portion of the residual fraction containing the concentrated biological residue is drawn from the basin and sieved. The partly dried residue is then crushed and subjected to fermentation and/or composting.

Description

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic waste groupage, which as an unpurified groupage in addition to biodegradable biomass - the actual organic waste - heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel, as well as light parts such as film pieces, paper and plastics, contains the following procedural steps:

• - The groupage is processed in a water-filled entered the basin and formed a slurry in the water Splits;
• - lowering the heavy parts, such as sand, stones, metals, Glass and gravel on the bottom of the processing basin;
• - Allowing the light parts, such as plastic films, to float pieces and blocks, paper and rough pieces of wood,
• - so that the groupage is separated into three fractions;
• Transport of the sedimented heavy substances as sludge, d. H. along with some of the water, after outside the processing basin;
• - mechanical removal and removal of the goods floating light parts
• - and extracting the biomass from the surrounding water.

Organic waste groupage falls on the installation and collection the content of so-called organic bins. Bio bins are said to be a Collect groupage that is rot or fermentable, d. H. through biological degradation processes into a largely smell loose, compostable batch can be converted. It However, the collection shows that in the so-called Bio bins are not just an "ideal" composition of a bio logically degradable biomass can be found, but different heterogeneous foreign parts, which are roughly divided can be in heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass or gravel, and light parts such as film pieces, paper and Plastics. It is therefore necessary to either manually change the to remove heterogeneous parts from the organic waste groupage or to specify machine processes for this, which the manual, very unpleasant handling with the organic waste put.

In a known method (compare Roediger, Process scheme for organic waste processing, distributed throughout the day the open door at the facility in Münster-Coerde in September about 1997) the so-called pulp is broken up in a so-called suspenser Reduced amount of organic waste from heavy and floating materials Exempted. It turns out that the mangled mixture of biomass and heavy and light materials in the Suspenser can only be divided badly because the foreign bodies are mixed with the biomass. In particular This represents the further carrying of sand particles with the biomass to be processed is a major problem. This has the consequence that the sand in the Suspenser downstream device parts, such as circulation pumps, pressure lines, valves and. the like., damaged and contains a high potential for wear.

The task thus arises, a process for preparation Specification of organic waste groupage, the unpurified Groupage especially reliable of heavy parts and sand can be separated so that the aforementioned wear phenomena can be largely avoided.  

This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that

• - one below the water level in the treatment basin lying part of the enriched with purified biomass Amount of water is separated,
• - the water is extracted by sieving and
• - The thereby partially dried amount of organic waste removed, so widely required, crushed and a fermentation and / or Kom posting process is subjected.

It has been shown that the separation of foreign substances, especially of heavy parts, such as sand and stone, in the wet process can be significantly improved if such downstream screening is carried out. It is advantageous this procedure because, on the one hand, in processing basin produces a slurry that is divided into two first steps of light parts and heavy materials thorough cleaning is exempted; on the other hand, it swims actual biomass also in the upper part of the processing plant basin, but mostly below the water surface area, so that with a screen surface drawn in, with which can be "skimmed off" the biomass, a heavy part free biomass can be extracted.

Preferably the sieving is carried out with the cleaned bio mass-enriched amount of water by drawing in and shutting off of a perforated intermediate floor and subsequent lowering ken of the water level. The biomass then remains above of the intermediate floor and can be cleared and cleared there be pushed.

Another embodiment is given in that the Ab seven of the water bodies enriched with purified biomass by pulling in a sieve and lifting it ben and draining, followed by the biomass a corresponding further crushing and fermentation  can be supplied.

It is advantageous to retract the screen area in 1/10 to 1/3 of the depth of the processing basin at a distance from what to be carried out.

Further procedural steps can be identified as follows:

• - the slurry in the treatment tank compressed air is distributed before sieving;
• - the slurry in the treatment tank is vibrated before sieving.

This is preferred when the water is screened or lowered excess water of the screened biomass at least partially added before crushing, whereby before adding a filtration or settling can be done.

A particular advantage of the process is that it does not charge must be worked wisely, but that in the presence of a processing basin and at an available place other stations for crushing and fermenting the re-loading, preparing and separating the groupage in the processing basin and sieving the biomass immediately early with shredding one from the preparation the extraction of the amount of biomass. The investments can be reduced considerably gladly, since you can work with a single system.

An apparatus for performing the aforementioned method should preferably include the following parts:

• - A treatment tank that can be filled with water Bottom an inclined discharge screw is arranged in the treatment basin filled with water partly over protrudes the water level,
• - one horizontally in the upper part of the processing basin arranged lightweight wipers,  
• - A closable discharge opening in the upper part the processing basin is arranged,
• - a perforated screen surface.

With the aforementioned device, the above can ten procedural steps are carried out, in particular the perforated screen surface is essential to the invention.

The treatment basin should be filled with water and with shredded container that can be filled with residues an agitator or the like comminuting the residues, downstream. The latter in turn is a remuneration Downstream and / or composting container.

A treatment basin is preferably selected, which with in Direction of the inclusion area of the inclined discharge screw con side walls or with the oblique subsequent screw, trough-shaped or channel-shaped Floor is provided. This makes gripping reliable of the sunken heavy parts. The oblique discharge snail can also be used, according to Been the discharge of the heavy parts also the biomass to drive.

At least one of the walls of the processing basin is provided with openings for compressed air supply lines. This can cause water turbulence. It can continue to be attached vibrator heads that the content of the Set the processing basin in vibration and thereby Separate the individual parts of the organic waste mass used easier. The inside of the side walls are also covered Vibration free of adhering particles.

One embodiment for the screen surface to be attached is given that a series of two are opposite the swing flaps attached to the side walls are formed, their swivel axes each in a common horizon tal line, with the swivel flaps of a vertical  right open - in a horizontal closed position are pivotable and in their horizontal position one in form an essentially closed platform as a screen surface. This allows the top layer of the cleaned Biomass with the help of a discharge slide after lowering the Water level through a discharge opening from the processing plant processing basin can be removed. The swing flaps should preferably be perforated to allow the rapid drainage of the Accelerate water.

Furthermore, it is proposed that a Discharge chute to connect to the treatment basin connects to the shredding container. Furthermore should a connecting water pipe to the treatment basin be closed, with which the water to be lowered is breaking up Storage tank can be fed. Should be in the water pipe a filter, in particular sand filter, and / or a pump be built.

The method and a pre-implemented method proposed device are described in the following exercise explained. The figures in the drawing show:

Fig. 1 shows an apparatus in general view in schematic representation;

Fig. 2 shows schematically a recycling tank in side view,

Figure 3 is a crushing container in schematic side view.

Fig. 4 is a cross section along line AA of FIG. 3,

Fig. 5 is a further cross-section BB shown in FIG. 1,

Figs. 6a and 6b schematically illustrate various Rührwerksformen;

Fig. 7 shows a discharge slide for cleaning the swivel flaps.

In Fig. 1, a device for processing organic waste groupage is shown. Organic waste is primarily understood to mean that which arises when the contents of so-called organic bins are collected. It is an unpurified groupage, which in addition to biodegradable biomass, i.e. the actual organic waste, also heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel, as well as light parts such as plastic film pieces and plastic chunks, paper and coarse pieces of wood includes. It can be assumed that the heavy and light parts can not be subjected to a biological fermentation and composting process.

According to FIG. 1, the device consists of the following parts which run through in sequence:

• a belt conveyor 90 on which the organic waste groupage originating from the collection vehicles is received,
• a comminution device 31 for collecting organic waste 32 ,
• - a treatment tank 7 ,
• - A crushing container 15 , which is connected via a dirty water pipe 10 and a discharge chute 6 to the treatment basin 7 ,
• a raw suspension drain line 18 with pump 19 ,
• - a raw suspension buffer container 24 , and
• a fermentation tank 50.

In Fig. 2 details of the processing basin 7 he can be seen. The processing basin 7 has an approximately wedge-shaped shape. Two walls lying approximately parallel to the image plane form side walls 72 and 72 '. There is also a rear wall 73 and a sloping floor 71 . The sloping floor 71 is covered with an inclined discharge screw 1 , which begins at the bottom of the processing basin 7 . In order to make the main receiving area of the inclined discharge screw 1 more accessible to the corresponding masses, the side walls 72 , 72 'can also converge or be provided with a trough-shaped or trough-shaped bottom which adjoins the inclined discharge screw.

As can also be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the inclined discharge screw 1 protrudes beyond the processing basin 7 and is provided at its upper end with a discharge sluice 8 for foreign substances.

The upper portion of the treatment tank 7 is provided with a biomass discharge gate 9, here represented by a sliding panel which is movable pneumatically or via chains transversely to the basin. 7 Furthermore, a light-weight rake 2 is attached above the sieve surface 5 , which is equipped in the form of a circulating belt with corresponding computing elements.

For the treatment basin 7 a process water supply device 25 and a waste water drain 10 are available. The latter begins with a filter 27 within the treatment tank 7. The water level of the tank 7 is at a height which is marked with A when the shredded organic waste (arrow 32 ) is introduced. Below the water level A, a screen surface 5 is provided by a series of perforated swivel flaps 50 attached to the two opposite side walls 72 , 72 ', the swivel axes 51 of which lie in a common horizontal line L. The swivel flaps 50 can be swiveled from a vertical open to a horizontal closed position. In their horizontal closed position they form an essentially closed platform as a sieve surface 5 below half the water level A.

The water in the basin 7 can be lowered, for example, by opening the line 10 to a height B which is at the level of the screen surface 5 or slightly below. Through the process water supply water can then be supplied again, causing the water level to rise again.

Fig. 1, 3 and 4 show that the recycling tank 7 downstream, on right-wing pulverizing vessel 15 comprises a cylindrical shell 59, on the inner side 53 three rakelike crushing elements 17 are mounted, as illustrated particularly in FIGS. 3 and according to the cross-section AA. Fig. 4 emerges. The crushing elements 17 each having a in flow direction, ie the direction of rotation 28 directed baffle 16 which is arranged on the inside of the pulverizing vessel 15 directed Zerklei nerungsfingern 47. The guide plates form with the Benach disclosed skirt portion each β a constant, acute angle.

Furthermore, the comminution container 15 is equipped with an agitator 45 , the drive shaft 14 of which lies approximately in the central axis of the comminution container 15 . The agitator 45 is driven by a drive motor 26 which can change the direction of rotation. On the drive shaft 14 , two impellers 20 are arranged one above the other with an intermediate comminution wheel 21 which, similar to guide plates 16 , is provided with a plurality of comminution fingers 44 ( FIG. 6a).

In a further embodiment (not shown) it is provided that the guide plates 47 are attached to the casing 59 in an articulated and detachable manner so that the angle size can be adjusted as required depending on the consistency of the biomass. This solution also makes it easier to clean the shredding container. Also the Zerkleinerungsbehäl ter 15 may be arranged lying. Compressed air can be supplied to the comminution container 15 so that further mixing takes place. Essential components of the device should be made of stainless steel.

In Figs. 6a and 6b are shown for the agitator 45, two different configurations. Deviating from the described Fig. 6a is in Fig. 6b a stirring screw 30 see easily with which the suspension can be mixed and crushed.

The bio-waste discharge slide 9 located in the treatment basin is shown enlarged in FIG. 7. When the swivel flaps 5 are in the horizontal position, the slide can slide away with two rubber lips 42 , 42 'above the flaps and also cleans the perforated flaps from residues. The slide has a somewhat angled shape and is pushed with the help of a steel cable 90 from left to right when scraping off. Attention should also be drawn to the alternative that the amount of water enriched with purified biomass can be screened off by pulling in a screening device and lifting and draining. In this case, it is not necessary to lower the water level.

Operation of the device

The organic waste groupage 100 is poured into the processing basin 7 by means of a conveyor belt 90 , the water level of which is initially kept at stand A. In order to achieve a good separation of light and heavy materials from organic waste, the incoming organic waste groupage is largely crushed in the exemplary embodiment with the aid of a screw mill and / or a chopper. The aforementioned Zerkleinerungsvor device 31 prevents the light and heavy materials to be separated from being trapped in organic waste agglomerates and then difficult or impossible to separate from the actual organic waste due to bridging and the like.

After adding a certain batch of shredded organic waste groupage, compressed air is fed to the processing basin 7 via the air supply lines connected to openings 4 from the outside. Vibrators 3 are also activated. The amount of organic waste collected as a slurry in the water mass is mixed, brought to vibration and thereby washed and water flows around it. As a result of this movement, light-weight parts detach from the biomass and collect on the surface.

During the pouring and mixing of the organic waste Sam melgutes the perforated screen surface 5 , which is below the water level a, is open, ie the swivel flaps are in the vertical open position. Heavy substances sink down into the sump of the processing basin 7 .

If the heavy and light material parts have separated from the organic waste collection 32 by washing and vibrating, the biomass above the sieve line 5 , ie the actual organic waste, is largely freed from heavy parts and light parts. In particular, it is practically sand-free. Then the swivel flaps 50 are slowly pivoted in a clockwise direction into a horizontal position according to FIG. 2, line L. Thus, a screen surface formed by the flaps 50 pivot perfo tured arises 5. Thereafter, the water to the level B is pumped out via the connected to the water conduit 10 water pump 11, until the level is below the sieve surface B something. 5 The drained water passes through line 10 into the comminution container 15. The filter 27 connected to the water line 10 may catch still existing substances in the water, so that these cannot get into the comminution container 15 .

The biomass thus lies on the sieve surface 5 and is separated from the water, ie the water is removed by sieving.

The thereby partially dried amount of biomass or organic waste is pushed to the right ( FIG. 2) with the aid of the slide 9 of FIG. 2 and is filled into the comminution container 15 via a flow path 6 .

If the portion of the organic waste to be discharged is removed from the processing basin 7 , the old water level A is restored via the feed line 25 ; the swivel flaps are swung back into the vertical open position. The conveyor belt 90 is turned on again and further organic waste groupage 33 pours into the treatment basin 7 .

The biomass located in the comminution container 15 is washed with water during the renewed cleaning in the processing basin 7 and comminuted with the aid of the elements described. With its comminution elements, the agitator 45 presses the biomass against the guide plates 16 and the comminution elements present there. The agitator 45 is switched on until a raw suspension of biomass with the desired pulp-like consistency has formed.

The raw suspension is fed via the raw suspension discharge line 18 over a gradient to the raw suspension buffer container 24 and passes through a raw suspension line 68 , to which a further raw suspension pump 69 is connected, into the fermentation tank 50 or into a composting system 60 , where it is fermented, clarified and disinfected . In addition, a pump 19 can be connected.

Claims (21)

1.Procedure for the processing of organic waste groupage, which as an unpurified groupage contains, in addition to biodegradable biomass - the actual organic waste - heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel, as well as light parts such as pieces of film, paper and plastics, with the following Process steps:

• - The groupage is entered into a water-filled treatment tank ( 7 ) and distributed in the water to form a slurry;
• - Allowing heavy parts such as sand, stones, metals, glass and gravel to sink to the bottom of the processing basin;
• - floating light parts, such as plastic film pieces and blocks, paper and coarse pieces of wood,
• - so that the groupage is separated into three fractions;
• - Transport of the sedimented heavy substances as sludge, ie together with a certain part of the water, outside the treatment basin;
• - Mechanical removal and removal of the light parts floating on the water surface
• - And getting the biomass out of the surrounding water, characterized in that
• a part of the amount of water enriched with purified biomass lying below the water level in the treatment basin is separated off,
• - the water is removed by sieving and
• - The thereby partially dried amount of organic waste is removed, crushed as necessary and subjected to a fermentation and / or compression process

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that  that the screening of the enriched with purified biomass Amount of water by pulling in and shutting off a perforated Intermediate floor and then lowering the water spike gel is done. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening of the enriched with purified biomass Amount of water by pulling in a sieve and lifting ben as well as draining. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in net that the retraction of the screen area in 1/10 to 1/3 of Depth of the processing basin at a distance from the water level he follows. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the sludge located in the treatment tank ( 7 ) is supplied to compressed air before sieving. 6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slurry located in the treatment basin ( 7 ) is vibrated prior to screening. 7. The method according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that when sieving falling excess water of the screened biomass before the Shredding is at least partially added. 8. The method according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the renewed coating knowing, preparing and separating the groupage and the Absie the biomass simultaneously with the shredding of one amount of organic extracted from the processing basin mass is done. 9. Device for performing the method according to claim 1 and optionally according to further claims 2 to 8, consisting of:

• - A treatment tank ( 7 ) which can be filled with water, at the bottom ( 71 ) of which an inclined discharge screw ( 1 ) is arranged, which partially extends beyond the water level (A) in the treatment tank filled with water,
• - one in the upper part ( 38 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ) ho horizontally arranged light material wiper ( 2 ),
• - a closable discharge opening ( 39 ) which is arranged in the upper part ( 38 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ),
• - A perforated screen surface that is movable relative to the water spike or this relative to it.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the treatment basin with a water and with cleaning residues fillable comminution container ( 15 ), which has a residual comminuting agitator ( 45 ) is connected. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the crushing container ( 15 ) a fermentation and / or composting container ( 50 ); ( 60 ) is connected downstream. 12. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the processing basin ( 7 ) with in the direction of the receiving area of the inclined discharge screw ( 1 ) converging Be tenweiten ( 72 , 72 ') or with it to the Schrägausnahmschnec ke trough or channel-shaped bottom ( 71 ) is provided. 13. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 9 to 12, characterized in that at least one of the walls (side walls 72 , 72 ', rear wall 73 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ) with openings ( 4 ) for compressed air supply lines is provided. 14. The device according to claims 7 to 9, characterized in that on at least one of the walls (Be tenwalls 72 , 72 ', rear wall 73 ) of the processing basin ( 7 ) vibrators ( 3 ) are attached. 15. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the Siebflä surface ( 5 ) by a series of on two opposite side walls ( 72 , 72 ) attached pivot flaps ( 5 ) is formed, the pivot axes ( 51 ) each lie in a common horizontal line (L), the swivel flaps ( 50 ) being pivotable from a vertical open position into a horizontal closed position and forming a substantially closed platform ( 55 ) as a screen surface in their horizontal position. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the pivoting flaps ( 50 ) are perforated. 17. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the treatment basin ( 7 ) is equipped with a displaceable above the screening surface biomass discharge slide ( 9 ). 18. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 and following, characterized in that the processing basin ( 7 ) is preceded by a comminution device ( 31 ) for the organic waste to be collected. 19. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 and following, characterized in that a discharge chute ( 6 ) is connected to the discharge opening ( 39 ), which connects the processing basin ( 7 ) with the comminution container ( 15 ). 20. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 and following, characterized in that to the treatment basin ( 7 ) a water pipe ( 10 ) is ruled out, with which the used water can be supplied to the comminution container ( 15 ) after cleaning the residues. 21. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that a filter ( 27 ) is built into the water pipe ( 10 ).