DE19741730B4 - Method for determining the surface contour of DUTs - Google Patents

Abstract

method for determining the surface contour of measuring objects arranged in a measuring space (3), in which at least one scanning in a scanning plane (10) laser measuring system (1) the surface the respective measuring object (3) scanned at least partially and for every touched point on the surface of the measuring object whose position in the measuring space is determined, wherein the laser measuring system during scanning a light beam (5), which in the scanning plane successively in different Direction is deflected, wherein the respective measurement object (3) reflected light Detected by the laser measuring system and from the light time of the distance the respective reflection point is determined by the laser measuring system, and wherein during the Scanning the respective object to be measured (3) and the laser measuring system (1) be moved relative to each other so that the relative movement composed of a linear movement and a rotary motion is.

Description

The The invention relates to methods for determining the surface contour of DUTs.

It is known, with a scanning in a scanning plane Lasermeßsystem Contours of under the laser measuring system through moving objects to investigate. However, only the parts of the object surface are scanned, the the laser measuring system are facing. The from the laser measuring system remote surface areas of the objects can not detected as they are in the shadow of the field of view of the laser measuring system located object surface lie.

at complicated shaped objects have to be self for scanning only a part of the object surface more laser measuring systems be used, which requires a complex overall arrangement power.

A Such procedure, hereinafter referred to as shadow scanning can be for some Applications are sufficient, for example, if certain surface areas of the respective object are known or not of interest. Especially in cases, where there is little or no information about the objects to be scanned or in which a complete Determination of the surface contour, hereinafter referred to as full-scan procedure is desired leave no satisfactory results with a shadow scan achieve.

EP 0 547 364 A2 describes the examination of tire treads by means of a single-directional scanning laser device that can be moved in a vertical direction relative to a rotating tire.

In the article E. Budzynski et al., "3D digitization of freeform surfaces with Laser ", VDI-Z 132, 1990, No. 7, pp. 49-52, becomes a triangulation principle working light-section method described, wherein a laser beam is a line to be measured Object projected. To capture the entire surface of the object, the object is rotated step by step under the laser line.

From the DE 38 04 079 A1 For example, a device for generating, scanning and analyzing a raster image of the contour of an object is known in which a narrow, concentric light beam is emitted in the direction of a deflection device which repeatedly pivots the light beam in a plane.

The DE 43 01 538 A1 discloses a method and an arrangement for non-contact three-dimensional measurement, in particular for the measurement of denture models. Two dimensions are optoelectronically recorded and the third realized by relative movement of the material to be measured.

Out DE 44 34 042 A1 is the generation of a cone sheath with the aid of a laser beam known, the axis of symmetry of the cone sheath orthogonal or inclined to a monitoring surface on which objects - especially vehicles - move, which are to be detected and measured, in particular to determine traffic-related data.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide methods with those on as possible easy way the surface contour arbitrarily shaped objects to be measured can be determined and in particular an essentially complete scanning of the measurement objects allow.

to solution In accordance with the invention, this object is achieved according to several methods. which underlies the common inventive idea that at least a laser measuring system, one scan in either one or more scan planes performs, is provided and depending on the number of laser measuring systems, their scanning characteristic and the outer shape of the measured objects while the sampling a relative movement between the respective DUT and the laser measuring system or the laser measuring systems he follows.

concrete Suggested solutions are each in the independent claims 1, 3, 5 and 9 indicated.

advantageous Embodiments of the individual methods are the subject of the dependent claims.

embodiments the inventive method will be described below by way of example with reference to the schematic Drawing described; in this shows:

1 the scanning of a rotating and rectilinearly moving object to be measured by a scanning in a scanning plane laser measuring system,

2 the scanning of a rotating object to be measured by a scanning in a scanning plane laser measuring system,

3 the scanning of a spinning one DUT by two scanning in each scanning plane laser measuring systems,

4 the scanning of a rectilinearly moved measuring object by two laser measuring systems scanning in each case in one scanning plane,

5 the scanning of a rotating DUT by a scanning in more than one scan plane laser measuring system, and

6 the scanning of a stationary object to be measured by three scanning in each case in more than one scanning laser measuring systems, wherein the 1a - 6a each a side view and the 1b - 6b each represent the corresponding plan view.

According to the side view of 1a as a distance or position sensor is an ambient relative to the laser measuring system 1 provided with which a DUT 3 , which is arranged in a measuring space, not shown, in a single scanning plane 10 is scanned. Such a laser measuring system is hereinafter referred to as LMS.

The object to be scanned 3 becomes substantially straight in the direction of the arrow on the LMS 1 moved past. In addition, it also becomes one through the DUT 3 extending axis of rotation 4 turned. Rotation and linear movement can take place simultaneously and continuously.

However, it is also possible to perform the rotation and the linear movement in sections successively, for example, such that the object to be measured 3 initially straight at the LMS 1 is passed and scanned by the LMS. Subsequently, the measurement object 3 rotated by 180 ° and then - again with simultaneous scanning - moved straight in the opposite direction. Thus, a full scan is accomplished by combining a single rotational motion with a single reciprocation.

If desired, several rotation intervals can be provided, in each case following a complete reciprocating movement of the test object 3 this is rotated by 90 °, for example. In this example, the relative movement according to the invention thus comprises four rotational movements and two complete reciprocating movements of the test object 3 , In this way, a greater accuracy of measurement is achieved because some areas of the object surface are scanned several times.

The dashed arrow in 1a indicates another alternative, according to which the measurement object 3 only rotated and the linear movement by straight-line method, for example, along a rail movable LMS 1 in the direction of the dashed arrow is made.

Basically dependent on from the respective circumstances every compilation of an im essential linear and a rotational movement to the relative movement according to the invention between measurement object and LMS possible.

During the scan thus takes place in each case a relative movement between the object to be measured 3 and LMS 1 , which is composed of a linear movement and a rotary movement. The concrete execution of this relative movement is also determined by the desired spatial resolution - the accuracy with which the surface contour is determined - as well as by the computing capacity available for the evaluation of the position data.

By the rotation of the DUT 3 It is achieved that each area of the object surface during scanning at least at a time in the field of view of the LMS 1 arrives. Shaded and therefore non-scannable surface areas are avoided in this way.

In the plan view according to 1b is one of a laser source of the LMS 1 emitted and successively within the scanning plane 10 in different angular directions emitted light beam 5 shown. The dashed lines indicate the preferred pulsed light beam 5 at different times during the scan.

From the test object 3 reflected light is received by a receiving unit of the LMS 1 demonstrated. The distance of the respective reflection point from the LMS can then be determined from the measured light transit time 1 be determined. The deflection of the light beam 5 within the scanning plane 10 - Indicated by the double arrow - is preferably carried out by a rotating deflection of the LMS 1 , which preferably allows a deflection over an approximately 180 ° angle range.

At least at each reflection point on the target surface, the angular direction of the light beam sensing that point becomes 5 determined in particular from the angular position of the deflection. From the angle, ie direction information and the measured distance value, the position of the relevant reflection point in space, ie its position in a predetermined coordinate system can be derived.

According to the invention, a raster-shaped scanning of the surface of the test object thus takes place 3 , Depending on the angular velocity of the light beam 5 , which is determined by the rotational speed of the Deflection unit is determined, and the distance between the object to be measured 3 and LMS 1 In particular, in a continuous relative movement, the linear and the rotational speed of the test object 3 such that a sufficiently large number of points are scanned on the measuring object surface in order to achieve a spatial resolution sufficient for the respective purpose of the scanning.

In the embodiment according to 1 the axis of rotation runs 4 the Meßobjekt-rotation approximately parallel to the linear movement of the DUT 3 and thus approximately perpendicular to the scanning plane 10 of the LMS 1 , Depending on the external shape of the DUT 3 However, in principle, they are any relative orientations of the axis of rotation 4 , Direction of object movement and scanning plane 10 possible.

In cases where the external shape of the test object 3 is partially known, the scan can be performed with a suitable arrangement such that the surface areas of the test object 3 , which are of particular interest, can be sampled optimally or with higher resolution. For this purpose, the above-mentioned rotation intervals can also be reduced, thereby increasing the number of individual successive relative movement sections. Alternatively or additionally, the angular velocity of the scanning light beam can also be used 5 be varied during the scanning such that the interesting surface areas with high spatial resolution and the remaining areas of the test object 3 or areas where there is no object to be scanned, only roughly scanned or not scanned at all.

The Sampling time per object can thus be achieved without sacrificing the desired Information about the surface contour be minimized. Of advantage is a purposefully made overall arrangement in particular in complicated shaped DUTs, their surfaces have numerous depressions and / or elevations, the "clumsy" arrangement a greater effort would require in the scan.

The provided according to the invention relative rotational movement can alternatively realized on the one hand thereby be that measurement object one not by the DUT running axis of rotation is rotated by, for example, on a rotatable base disposed away from the axis of rotation becomes. On the other hand, it is also possible the LMS for a re the environment to move around no rotational movement performing object. The Linear and / or rotary motion can, if desired or conditioned by the circumstances, each also be realized in that both the DUT as well as the LMS are each moved in a straight line or rotated.

For evaluation of the distance and the direction data, which are preferably determined by means of the mentioned light transit time method, one with the LMS is preferably one 1 a unit forming or separate evaluation provided for each scanned point of the DUT 3 calculates its position in the measuring room. The totality of this position data represents the desired surface contour of the sampled DUT 3 which is available for further operations, such as comparison with reference or reference contours and / or a volume calculation.

consequently becomes the possibility created, any objects like workpieces, Body parts or luggage due to the complete To measure and classify samples with high accuracy, to sort and / or position.

A further application of the explained method is to measure the human body to obtain garments, e.g. Suits or Shoes, made to measure or models of body parts e.g. to orthopedic To be able to produce purposes.

to Making tailored suits, for example becomes the object to be measured in the above-explained Meaning representing customer in a kind of changing or measuring cabin measured. This is either the customer to his body longitudinal axis Turned by, for example, on a motorized turntable stands, or an LMS movable along the cabin wall during the Scanning moves around the customer. In both cases, the LMS vertical, i. essentially parallel to the body longitudinal axis the customer moves.

The thereby determined customer-specific data can then by appropriate processing into individual patterns are implemented.

The 2a and 2 B illustrate a method according to the invention, in turn, only a single in a plane 10 scanning LMS 1 is used. The LMS 1 However, it is arranged such that its scanning plane 10 with respect to those in the example according to 1 that is, with respect to a substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 4 extending plane, tilted by 90 °, and about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation 4 stands and through the LMS 1 runs. A linear relative movement between the object to be measured 3 and LMS 1 This is not necessary for a full scan because only by the rotation of the DUT 3 around the axis of rotation 4 the surface areas of interest of the DUT 3 in the field of view of the LMS 1 ge long.

On the rectilinear relative movement could in the embodiment according to 2 even when the scanning plane is omitted 10 is tilted by less than 90 ° in the manner mentioned above. It is only necessary that the scanning movement of the light beam 5 within the scanning plane 10 a component in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 possesses the DUT, and that the entire range of motion of the light beam 5 in this direction at least as long as the longitudinal extent of the test object 3 is in this direction.

In the embodiment according to 3a and 3b are two LMS 1a b, whose scanning planes are provided 10 as in the example explained above 2 each not perpendicular to the axis of rotation 4 run. How out 3b The LMS are 1a , b on different sides of the DUT 3 arranged such that their connecting line through the DUT 3 and the rotation axis 4 runs.

A straight-line relative movement between the object to be measured 3 and the LMS 1a , b is also not required in this embodiment of the method according to the invention. In addition, due to the provision of two LMS 1a , b for a full scan no 360 ° turn more to be made. In the arrangement according to 3b already a rotation angle of about 180 ° would be sufficient.

It is also possible to provide more than two LMS and these around the axis of rotation 4 to arrange distributed. In this way, a full scan could be achieved with even smaller angles of rotation.

4 illustrates a method according to the invention, in which a plurality of each scanning in a scanning plane LMS 1a , b be used. To 4a are two LMS 1a , B arranged such that the measurement object 3 essentially straight line between the two LMS 1a , B is moved through. A rotational movement does not take place. The relative movement according to this embodiment consists essentially only of the linear movement. Alternative to the test object 3 can also use the two LMS 1a , b are moved linearly.

The top view according 4b can be seen that by the arrangement of the LMS 1a , b on different sides of the through the linear movement of the DUT 3 ensures that the surface areas of the test object 3 , which are to be scanned for the contour determination of a simply shaped, eg a square or circular cross-section measuring object, in the field of view of at least one LMS 1a , b is. By using more than one LMS, a full scan can thus be achieved without a rotary motion component of the relative movement.

If the local conditions do not allow such optimal arrangement, is in accordance with the basis of 1 explained embodiment during the scan in addition to make a rotation of the DUT. It may be sufficient if the measurement object is rotated only by a small angular range, so that a complete rotation of 360 ° is not required to ensure a full scan.

In the case of a complicated shaped DUT 3 For example, more than two LMSs may be required to probe each point on the object surface if there is a rotation of the DUT 3 either completely omitted or only small angles of rotation are desired or possible. Out 4b shows that a recess shown in dashed lines 6 that is on a no LMS 1a , b facing side of the DUT 3 is not visible and therefore another LMS would be required to "look" into this depression can, however, by an additional rotation of the DUT 3 according to the embodiment of 1 - For example, by about 90 ° - the recess 6 even without an additional LMS possible.

According to 4a are the two LMS 1a , b also arranged such that their scanning planes 10 not parallel to each other, but are tilted against each other. Such an arrangement is advantageous, for example, if a certain "viewing direction" of an LMS is preferred because certain information to be determined about the respective test object can thereby be obtained with less effort or greater reliability.

So let yourself e.g. the number of bottles in a crate easier, i. at lower spatial resolution, determine if using a LMS at an angle While looking into the crate from above, for example one of the LMSs identifying the size of the crate, becomes with the help of the other, obliquely from above into the crate "looking" LMS their level detected.

By Exploiting the knowledge of certain geometric properties of the DUTs and corresponding "clever" arrangement of the LMS Thus, the invention allows a sufficient for the particular purpose Full-scan with the least amount of material and effort.

The above-explained embodiments make it clear that for a full scan by means of only one LMS a rotational movement is required, which is then unnecessary if at least two LMS are used and allow the local conditions and the concrete shape of the DUTs an optimal arrangement of the LMS. In this case, on the one hand, the use of a larger number of LMS reduce the required angle of rotation, while on the other hand, an additional rotation of the test object can allow the reduction of the number of LMS.

In 5 an embodiment of the invention is shown in which a laser measuring system 2 is used with one scan in multiple scan planes 20 possible and the following with 3D-LMS 2 referred to as.

The scanning is achieved in several scanning planes 20 for example, in that at least part of the above with respect to the LMS 1 mentioned deflecting unit is rotated about an additional axis, which is preferably perpendicular to the axis of rotation, to the deflection of the light beam 5 each within a scanning plane. By means of such a 3D LMS 2 can the DUT 3 Consequently, be scanned line by line, as in 5a indicated by the double arrow.

The DUT 3 is during the contour determination according to the embodiment of 1 around a rotation axis 4 rotated, however, due to the use of the 3D-LMS 2 a linear movement of the DUT 3 is not necessary, because the additional deflection of the light beam 5 a sweeping of the whole in 5a and 5b to the left of the 3D-LMS 2 half space allowed.

6 illustrates an embodiment of the invention, under certain conditions without relative movement between the object to be measured 3 and 3D LMS a full scan of the DUT 3 allows.

In 6a are three 3D LMS 2a -C shown around the DUT 3 are arranged distributed. For the sake of simplicity, this is in front of the DUT in this view 3 arranged 3D-LMS 2 B for the individual scanning planes 20 only one representative light beam is shown.

Depending on the shape of the respective DUT 3 For example, only two or even more than three 3D LMSs may be sufficient for a full scan. While with a simple geometry or with knowledge of certain geometric properties of the DUTs 3 If only a few, in particular two, 3D-LMS are possibly sufficient, a partially curved object surface with recesses and / or elevations may require a larger number of 3D-LMSs.

Exemplary is in the plan view according to 6b shown that a recess indicated by dashed lines 7 of the DUT 3 not completely visible and therefore a suitably arranged fourth 3D LMS would be required to ensure a complete scan.

According to the comments to 4 applies that, if as few 3D-LMS should be used and / or their optimal arrangement is not possible for a full scan a rotation of the DUT 3 be made while a rotation around small angle ranges can be sufficient.

The embodiments of the invention according to 5 and 6 , which relate to a possible use of the explained 3D-LMS, make it clear that when using a single 3D-LMS for a full scan only a rotational movement as a relative movement is sufficient. A relative movement can even be omitted altogether if at least two such 3D-LMSs are used and the local conditions as well as the concrete shape of the test objects 3 allow an optimal arrangement of the 3D-LMS.

The The invention may also be used to determine the trajectory of space moving Objects are used in particular in real time, and this particular for so-called Virtual reality applications is conceivable in which by means of at least of a 3D LMS movements of persons or body parts, e.g. the hand, be followed by persons.

Furthermore The invention can also be used for measuring interiors. To is at least one distance or position sensor within the arranged to be measured space. If two 3D LMS used can, can these in a sense "back to Be arranged " which over the entire solid angle range, i. the entire inner wall of the room can be sampled. A relative movement is in this case not necessary, but can be done if only a 3D LMS or in each case only one scanning plane scanning LMS be used. As scanned interior spaces come in particular also rooms, kitchens, commercial spaces and Like. Into consideration.

A special case of the scanning of interiors is the measurement of tunnels, which is also made possible by the invention. For this purpose, for example, an LMS can be attached to each side of a vehicle passing through the tunnel to be measured. Each LMS scans over an angular range, the abge of his facing cut line between the tunnel wall and the road to at least to the other LMS abge covered area of the tunnel wall is enough.

The Use of a single LMS is sufficient if this over a Scan angle range of more than 180 ° can and is enough more than the roadway is mounted on the vehicle, that the cutting lines of roadway and tunnel wall do not lie in the shadow of the vehicle.

to Tunnel surveying can one or more 3D-LMS can be used as well.

Generally it is in the case of the employment of several LMS, 3D-LMS or also one Mixed use of both sensor types together in one application possible, just one of the sensors as master and the one or the other To operate sensors as a slave such that the master sensor with a Control member is provided or connected, with which he controls the slave sensors takes over. It is also preferred only the master sensor is provided or connected to the evaluation unit, with the data determined by all sensors in the surface contour of the DUT be implemented.

The Slave sensors, which thus only with the for determining the position data absolutely necessary components must be provided, so to speak as "eyes" of the (also with an "eye" provided) "brain" of the overall arrangement representative master sensor.

With Help the evaluation and / or the scanning of the or the sensor-controlling control unit can be a defined monitoring area or an at least in this case abstractly to be understood measuring space such pretend that only such points on the surface of the DUT in the contour determination input, which is within this surveillance area or measuring space located e.g. essentially spherical, cubic, cuboid, conical, pyramidal or torus-shaped can.

The restriction the position determination or evaluation of position values such a surveillance area or measuring space has the advantage that the necessary measuring and evaluation time is minimized, as unnecessary measurements and calculations, focusing on for the respective application uninteresting surface areas of the test object be avoided.

All in the context of the explanation of individual embodiments of the invention, in particular according to 1 , mentioned developments, Modifizie ments, alternatives, specific embodiments and / or uses are basically possible in conjunction with all embodiments accordingly, as far as they do not relate to exclusively for the respective embodiment useful.

1; 1a, 1b

laser measurement system (LMS) with sampling in one scan plane

2; 2a-c

laser measurement system (3D LMS) with sampling in more than one

scan

3

measurement object

4

axis of rotation of the DUT

5

beam of light

6 7

wells

10

scan an LMS

20

scanning planes a 3D LMS

Claims (21)

Method for determining the surface contour of measuring objects arranged in a measuring room ( 3 ), in which at least one in a scanning plane ( 10 ) scanning laser measuring system ( 1 ) the surface of the respective measurement object ( 3 ) is scanned at least in regions and for each sensed point on the measuring object surface whose position in the measuring space is determined, wherein the laser measuring system during scanning a light beam ( 5 ), which is deflected one after the other in the scanning plane in different directions, wherein the respective measuring object ( 3 ) reflected light is detected by the laser measuring system, and the distance of the respective reflection point from the laser measuring system is determined from the light propagation time, and during the scanning, the respective measuring object ( 3 ) and the laser measuring system ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other so that the relative movement of a linear movement and a rotational movement is composed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser measuring system ( 1 ) substantially linearly on the measurement object ( 3 ) and before, simultaneously and / or subsequently the measurement object ( 3 ) by one preferably by one through the measurement object ( 3 ) extending axis of rotation ( 4 ) is rotated. Method for determining the surface contour of measuring objects arranged in a measuring room ( 3 ), in which at least two in each case in its own scanning plane ( 10 ) scanning laser measuring systems ( 1 ) the surface of the respective measurement object ( 3 ) is scanned at least in regions and for each scanned point on the measuring object surface whose position in the measuring space is determined, each laser measuring system during scanning a light beam ( 5 ), which in the scanning plane successively in different Direction is deflected, whereby the respective measuring object ( 3 ) reflected light is detected by the laser measuring system and the distance of the respective reflection point from the laser measuring system is determined from the light propagation time, during which the respective measuring object ( 3 ) and the laser measuring systems ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other so that the relative movement is a linear movement, and wherein the laser measuring systems the measurement object ( 3 ) from different perspectives. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser measuring systems ( 1a . 1b ) depending on the respective measurement object ( 3 ) are arranged such that at least two of the scanning planes ( 10 ) are tilted against each other. Method for determining the surface contour of measuring objects arranged in a measuring room ( 3 ), in which at least one in one or in more than one scan plane ( 10 ; 20 ) scanning laser measuring system ( 1 ; 1a -b; 2 ; 2a -C) the surface of the respective measurement object ( 3 ) is scanned at least in regions and for each sensed point on the measuring object surface whose position in the measuring space is determined, wherein the laser measuring system during scanning a light beam ( 5 ), which is deflected one after the other in the scanning plane in different directions, wherein the respective measuring object ( 3 ) reflected light is detected by the laser measuring system, and the distance of the respective reflection point from the laser measuring system is determined from the light propagation time, and during the scanning, the respective measuring object ( 3 ) and the laser measuring system ( 1 ; 1a -b; 2 ; 2a C) are moved relative to each other such that the relative movement is a rotary movement. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the measuring object ( 3 ) by a preferred by the measuring object ( 3 ) extending axis of rotation ( 4 ) is rotated. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at least two in more than one scanning plane ( 20 ) scanning laser measuring systems ( 2a -C) and around the measuring object ( 3 ) are distributed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relative movement between the measurement object ( 3 ) and the laser measuring system or the laser measuring systems are discontinuous and the scanning of the measuring object surface between the individual sections of the relative movement is performed. Method for determining the surface contour of measuring objects arranged in a measuring room ( 3 ), in which at least two in each case in more than one scanning plane ( 20 ) scanning laser measuring systems ( 2a -C) the surface of the respective measurement object ( 3 ) is scanned at least in regions and for each detected point on the measuring object surface whose position in the measuring space is determined, each laser measuring system during scanning a light beam ( 5 ), which is deflected one after the other in the scanning plane in different directions, wherein the respective measuring object ( 3 ) reflected light is detected by the laser measuring system and the distance of the respective reflection point from the laser measuring system is determined by the laser measuring system, and wherein at least during the scanning the laser measuring systems ( 2a -C) relative to the object to be measured ( 3 ) are unmoved. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring object ( 3 ) is scanned in a grid. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that only from the points on the measuring object surface the Position is determined, which within a predefinable, preferably essentially spherical, cube, cuboid, conical, pyramid or toroidal Meßraums lie. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that means at least one master laser measuring system further slave laser measuring systems controlled and preferably processed by all laser measuring systems determined data become. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light beam ( 5 ) of a movable, in particular rotating deflecting unit within a scanning plane ( 10 ; 20 ) is deflected in predetermined angular directions, wherein preferably the deflection takes place over an approximately 180 ° angle range. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at least for each reflection point of the measurement object surface, the angular direction of the respective light beam ( 5 ) is determined in particular from the angular position of the deflecting unit. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the deflection of the light beam ( 5 ) successively within different scanning planes ( 20 ) At least a part of the deflection unit is rotated about an additional axis. Method according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that, depending on the respective test object ( 3 ) during scanning the angular velocity of the light beam ( 5 ) is varied, in particular by the rotational speed of the deflection unit is varied. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the three-dimensional surface contour of the respective test object ( 3 ) is calculated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it for measuring at least parts of the human body, in particular for the purpose of customization of clothes and / or shoes or the making of models of body parts is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it for measuring, classifying, sorting and / or positioning of general cargo, in particular Body parts, luggage, already machined and / or still to be machined workpieces used becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it for measuring interiors, especially tunnels, rooms and the like is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it for determining the path of objects moving in space in particular used in real time, preferably in virtual reality applications to track the movements of persons and / or body parts of persons.