DE19623229A1 - Water circulating system especially for biological hot water aquaria - Google Patents

Abstract

The operating system has a flow system and biological and or mechanical filters for cleaning the circulated water. The mechanical filters have a filter surface (208,218,403,406) which is movable for regenerating between a filter arrangement (204,210,219,221,402,405) and at least one cleaner (213,224,216,407). The filter in the form of a band filter (208,218) runs over deflector elements (206,207;219,220) in the form of a preferably rubber-coated and three-part drive roller (206). The filter band (208) is pressed by a pressure roller (209) against the drive roller. The return side of the filter surface has a preferably non-rotary tensioning cylinder (217).

Description

The removal of the (especially) sediments from aquarium tanks is considered more or less left to today's operating systems to chance, d. H. the pollutants settle somewhere in the pool, are by the Fish or a more or less "punctiform" inlet water jet, which mostly begins in the upper water area, swirled up again, set get off somewhere or arrive by chance and only after usually several "Stations" and for a long time in one mostly "small area" and in one Drain in the aquarium corner (cf. D. Untergasser: "Healthy discus and Großcichliden ", bede-Verlag, 1991, Vol. I, pp. 16 ff.) several drain openings in different places or in a row worked, which obviously is not a significant improvement brought. The result is high water pollution due to leaching of the Substances and their decomposition in water up to the formation of muck, the should be vacuumed regularly.

Pre-filters are used to pre-clean the water sucked out of the aquarium in use. However, these only make sense if they are because of the otherwise Rapid leaching of the dirt particles several times a day getting cleaned. They exist in the form of cotton filters, foam sheets or cartridges u. a. m. and are often integrated into the main filters. To The filtering must be stopped in most cases so that they are mostly neglected. Not too long ago Quick change pre-filters that are available at short notice are required  Attention. The flooding of their pollutants is partly due to Absorption levels (with absorption material to be renewed) compensated.

The main filters have bacterial carriers made of wadding layers, foam, Clay tubes, foam glass, gravel and. a. m., all more or less good Offer filter properties; they used to be from top to top without exception flowed through below, today mostly because of the strong centrifugal pumps bottom up; however, they also have to - depending on the quality and Pre-filter cleaning intervals - cleaned from time to time, which in many cases is time-consuming, or at least not insignificant Fresh water consumption is connected. In addition, with everyone Cleaning the strains of bacteria and suffered significantly therefore bring significantly less during the regeneration period "Nitrification Performance", i. H. deterioration of ammonium degradation (NH₄⁺) to nitrate (NO₃⁻).

A certain exception are trickle filters, which mostly consist of "organic hedgehogs" or "Bio balls" are made of plastic. You clean yourself in Indeed, the dead water falling and falling away "Bacterial lawn" - albeit very slowly and with many intermediate stations - transported out of the filter. Your decisive disadvantage is therefore a constant high degree of internal pollution and the attack is relatively large and patchy Dirt particles. These are to be collected in a post-filter, the how the prefilter has to be cleaned frequently to avoid decomposition and To keep leaching at least within tolerable limits.

Common to all today's systems is that they are absolutely casual for z. B. gill worms, ciliates and other pests.

In contrast, the present invention has set itself the task Cleaning the aquarium water without the more or less short term to enable filter cleaning work and thus more efficiently do. The dirt from the aquarium and the Circulation and in particular also a large part of the pests removed and no disturbing swirling of the water in the water cleaning basins arise. For hot water pools, one should also Existing waste heat is used.

This object is achieved by an aquarium system according to claim 1. Further design options are covered in the subclaims.

The system according to the invention has 4 main sections:

• 1. Continuous cleaning of the pool from food residues, faeces and other suspended and sediment by essentially only on and running fast near the bottom across the entire width of the pool ("laminar") water flow, starting from one or more Slot inlet nozzles aimed at one at or near that Floor outlet across the entire width of the pool at the first end of the pelvis. This water flow partially settles and slower upward from the slot outlet at Hot water aquariums supported by a face heating above the Outlet, runs with the floating contaminants on the water surface counter to the "laminar" bottom current towards one that stretches across the entire width of the pool Surface drainage channel or two corner deductions on the second Front of the basin where the first slot inlet nozzle is located.  
• 2. Mechanical pre-cleaning of the drained water by a or two-stage band filter with a pore size of less than 10 µm (each according to the design specification) of the coarse filtered out substances continuously and in a few minutes on the shortest way from the Removes water and collects them in containers and dries them as well fine substances and pests in a secondary filter of long Service life promoted. The pre-filter becomes continuous and in each case completely cleaned.
• 3. Biological cleaning of the pre-filtered water in a filter the classic principle of converting pollutants into Water through aerobic bacteria in less harmful substances (Nitrification). The bacteria carriers (consistently porous substances such as B. foams, foam glass, filter wool and. a. m.) are moved and are subdivided so that they are cyclically continuous getting cleaned. The filter has a standstill ventilation system.
• 4. Mechanically working one or two-stage drum post-filter, the the dirt particles coming from the biological filter depending on Design specification with a pore size of less than 10 µm continuously filtered out and the coarse particles on in minutes the prefilter is conveyed out of the water, the fine ones Particles and pests in turn in a secondary filter of long Service life. The post-filter is continuously completely cleaned.

In the following, the aquarium system is described in detail using the illustrations as an example. The illustrations are neither to be understood as complete nor as true to scale, but are only for understanding. Typical implementations of the four main components aquarium 100 , pre-filter 200 , main filter 300 and post-filter 400 are shown .

Fig. 1 shows the entire aquarium system.

Fig. 2 shows the ultrasonic vibrating head.

The inlet slot nozzles 102 , 103 are located on the bottom of the aquarium tank 101 . The first nozzle 102 consists of a hollow body in the form of a cone with a water inlet at the cone base. This cone lies in full length with the upper lateral surface in the bottom of the pool horizontally on the entire first end face of the pool from which the "laminar flow" is to start. Above the cone / face contact line, the cone jacket is slit lengthways. Two longitudinal walls are placed on this slot. These are initially guided vertically upwards with side seals, bent towards the pool side, and then continued diagonally downwards. Preferably, in this inclined part between the longitudinal walls, mutually connected, pivotable baffles, through which the direction of flow can be changed. After the end of the guide plates, the still parallel longitudinal walls run horizontally again, so that the lower longitudinal wall forms a line with the top of the surface of the pool floor. The upper longitudinal wall ends sooner than the lower one and can preferably be removed slightly from the parallel to the lower one, so that the outlet speed (and thus the amount of water entrained in the pool) can be changed with approximately the same amount of water.

The second nozzle 103 (and, in the case of longer basins, still more) is also located across the entire width of the basin in the floor with the upper surface side of the cone parallel below the floor surface. The jacket side is slit at the top. At the slot are parallel longitudinal walls with side seals in the direction of the laminar flow, the upper longitudinal wall forming a line with the bottom of the opposite side ("left"), the lower with the bottom on the outlet side ("right"). So there is a slight landing. The preferably pivotable baffles are thus horizontal, the lower longitudinal wall is longer than the upper - again adjustable longitudinal wall. The nozzle is expediently placed in the floor in such a way that the outlet slit points at an angle to the rear wall of the pool for optical reasons; the nozzle is then made longer than the face nozzle.

The main outlet 104 of the aquarium also consists in its lower part of a hollow cone body, with the outlet at the base of the cone, extends over the entire width of the tank and lies against the front side of the tank opposite the inlet 102 . This cone is slit lengthways like the first inlet nozzle. The slot is continued vertically upwards through 2 side-sealed longitudinal walls until it protrudes enough (up to about 3 cm) from the substrate. The longitudinal wall in the direction of the middle of the aquarium is then bent obliquely downwards in the direction of the middle of the aquarium and runs up to the bottom of the substrate and from there with its top at the level of the bottom surface a short distance horizontally. It thus forms a flow-free guide for the laminar flow and at the same time a settling zone for whirled up substrate (sand, fine gravel, etc.) without significantly hindering the transport of the suspended matter to be discharged. Raising the longitudinal walls beyond the substrate is not necessary for coarse gravel.

The inlet slit nozzles 102 , 103 and the main outlet 104 are coated with the same material from which the bottom surface is made in their protruding, ie visible, part from the aquarium bottom. Cone angles, inlet / outlet openings and slots are dimensioned so that the flow velocity in the slots is the same everywhere.

As an alternative to the conical bodies, three- or four-sided "pyramids" or slotted tubes or long cuboids can be used in the with Internal distribution through a multi-perforated pipe or from the outside several pipes of water flows in or is sucked off in this way too to achieve uniform flow velocities in the slots.

The surface deduction consists of a groove 105 located horizontally on the inside of the first end face of the aquarium (above the first inlet nozzle 102 ); its overflow edge is provided with flow notches in accordance with the prior art, so that floating sheets etc. cannot get into the channel; it has downpipes at both ends in the corners of the aquarium basin, which can be moved longitudinally and sealed into a drop channel 106 , each of which consists of a side window, the face plate and a glued plate, so that the fall channels have the shape of a right-angled, isosceles triangle. As an alternative to the channel 105 , the surface water runs directly over the glued-in plate (base of the cross-section triangle: "chord edge") into the fall channels. In this case, the tendon edge consists of a sealing rubber plate with a notched top edge that is held in place by a spring clip and is height-adjustable and sits with the side windows in a form-fitting manner on the glued-in plate that leads downwards. The drainage ducts open into drain hoses above the base plate of the basin. The first inlet nozzle 102 has bevels corresponding to the triangular drop channels 106 to the rear outer corners.

Alternatively, the drop channels consist of vertically standing in the corners Plastic hollow profiles with the cross section of a right-angled, same leg triangle, with sealed vertically movable head pieces, which are notched on the top edge.

All water inlets and outlets are above or through the first Face plate led to the outside of the aquarium on 3 sides from bothersome Keep technical components clear.

The water flowing out through the main outlet 104 is led in the collecting line to the prefilter through a throttle valve 108 (regulating and shut-off valve). The line cross-section is dimensioned so that in the absence of throttling, all of the water supplied to the basin flows through this line. Only when throttling has taken place does water flow via the surface drainage channel 105 into a storage and expansion tank 109 , from where it is pressed by a pump 110 into the collecting line after the throttle valve 108 . The bottom of the expansion tank 109 is tapered downwards, the pump 110 sucks directly above the cone tip, so that no dirt can settle in the tank.

By means of this expansion tank 109 with the pump 110 , the water level in the basin and the prefilter is always kept at a normal level, and there is no short-term refilling of water as evaporation compensation.

The preferably two-stage prefilter 200 consists of a filter tank 201 filled with water and two filter inserts 202 , 203 to be introduced from above.

The coarse filter insert 202 consists of a long, flattened cuboid 204 which is open on the upper broad side and has strong front and side walls. These walls have a smooth surface towards the open cuboid side (e.g. covered with flat glass). Transversely to the longitudinal direction, the long sides of the cuboid are connected to a plurality of fixed round rods 205 or rod rollers in such a way that they form a plane with their visible circumference and the smooth surface. Applied to this "open" surface and tensioned by a drive roller 206 and a stuck at least semicircular deflection surface 207 (half tube) (both have parallel longitudinal axes) with an extremely smooth surface (e.g. quartz glass or polished hard ceramic), runs around at an angle to the direction of travel or V-shaped glued endless filter belt 208 with a pore size of z. B. 15 microns cuboid 204 on the top of the drive roller 206 starting in the longitudinal direction. The drive roller 206 is divided into three parts, extends over the entire range and has an easily deformable surface (e.g. silicone rubber). On each side there is a guide disc for the filter belt, with a slightly larger diameter than the drive roller. The middle part of the roller 206 is driven by its shaft, the right and left parts are freely rotatable on the shaft and serve to support / tension the filter belt. In this way, differences in length within the band are better "coped with".

The deflection surface 207 is slightly longer than the band, hollow, has a lateral air supply and a slot on the side covered by the filter band, which runs approximately transversely to the band at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the half pipe (or tube). The slot is slightly longer than the opening of the cuboid is wide. Alternatively, the slot is designed as a narrow and staggered double row of holes.

Approximately in the length of the middle part of the drive roller 206 shortly before it leaves the belt, a free-running roller 209 guided parallel to the drive roller presses on the belt with its own weight or under spring tension (or pneumatically or hydraulically), so that there is increased friction between the drive roller and Band 208 is formed, sufficient for the belt to move safely. Over the opening of the cuboid, a hood 210 is attached, sealed on both long sides of the cuboid, which has its greatest height on the drive side and decreases degressively towards the side with the deflecting surface 207 until its roof almost touches the band 208 . The belt does not touch the lower end of the hood's high end (which is tilted towards the deflection surface). A soft, flat rubber seal is integrated into the hood 210 , which runs vertically around the square opening and lies lightly against the band, and only cuts out the end face of the square opening on the side of the deflection surface 207 . Above this seal, the dirty water is introduced into the hood area on the drive side and controlled by two baffles 211 so that it overflows the belt from the bottom up, the filter belt flows through due to gravity and out of an opening 212 with pipe sockets in one side of the cuboid runs out. Finally, the water is piped to the fine pre-filter 203 . The drive roller 206 is rotated so that the filter belt 208 runs from it over the cuboid opening towards the deflection surface 207 .

On the deflection surface 207 , a roller 213 covered with shaggy fabric rotates at high speed with its longitudinal axis in the same direction as the slot in the deflection surface 207 described above. It is brought up to the tape in such a way that the pile tips just touch the tape at its two edges. The pile tips hit the tape against its direction of travel. The pile-tensioned roller 213 has the same effect as a rapidly moving cloth, which wipes and throws the dirt particles held on the belt at an angle against its direction of travel and pushes particles that do not come off the belt surface to the side; both supported by light compressed air, which is sent through the slot (or perforated slot) in the deflection surface 207 . The dirt removed from the conveyor belt is collected in containers and dries there. The deep-pile roller has a bearing and drive shaft on both sides, via which it is driven by an electric motor (typical speed: 3000 rpm); it has 2 deep, opposite longitudinal grooves, in the extension of which the shaft is drilled on the right and left of the roller and in this bore a double spindle, held in the middle, with opposite threads on the two spindle sides, so that 2 rectangular tension rods with each 2 threaded heads, pull a tube of shaggy fabric, which is initially loosely pushed over the roller, evenly into the longitudinal grooves and thus tension.

As an alternative to the shaggy roller, you can run at high speed Rotation brush can be used (not shown in the figure). It the quality of a round bottle brush is sufficient, but the length of the Remove the bristles from both edges of the brush towards the center so that the Bristle tips the band all the way, at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the Deflection surface hit the current contact line equally easily, so you Kinking and lateral breakout from the middle area and one Avoid loading the tape.

As an alternative to the shag roller and rotary brush with radial bristles, a rotary flat brush can be used, the center shaft of which is positioned and driven outside the belt area so that the belt is brushed obliquely against its direction of travel along its entire apex line (see flat brush 224 for fine filter 203 ).

The filter 202 described can also be used for purposes other than aquaristic purposes. The tape is an alternative to the previously described designs such. B. with a rotary brush with radially attached to a central shaft narrow flat brush blades at an angle to the belt run. In addition, the belt is optionally passed into one or more open-topped containers with cleaning liquid and immersed in this liquid by rollers lying transversely to the direction of travel, in order to then be blown out with compressed air in the forms described, and then to the drive roller via an ultrasonic cleaning head to run back.

When using the filter for gas dedusting, it is used without a water bath horizontal or sloping belt run and with a Roller seal (roller seals the outlet of the filter belt from the hood) and a stripper (for stripping material on the roller). These are on the narrow side of the filter hood, where the filter belt covers the hood leaves, attached and run the entire width of the hood. To and The discharge gas volume is alternatively controlled by blowers kept the same. The trapped dirt is released from the Hood area bound with sprayed, suitable liquid and then diagonally upwards from one of the cleaning devices described in hurled a container. The ultrasound level (see below) is also operated with a suitable cleaning liquid (and secondary filter), the oscillating head and the counter hood both passing through to the belt Slip seals are adequately completed. Still leaking  Cleaning fluid is collected in a tub and the Secondary filter supplied by a pump.

The pre-cleaned belt 208 lifts off from the deflection surface 207 on the underside and runs back to the drive roller 206 at some distance from the bottom side of the cuboid.

As an alternative to the slotted deflection surface 207 , a deflection drum with a small and closely perforated lateral surface can be used, which rotates on a hollow axis (not shown in the figure). Attached to the hollow axle at an acute angle to its longitudinal direction is a flat air channel which, sliding in the width of the cuboid opening, touches the inside of the jacket in a sufficiently airtight manner in the area in which the outside of the belt is cleaned by the "shag roller" (or brush). The hollow axis is drilled through in the area of the air duct so that compressed air only reaches the belt cleaning area.

As an alternative to the deflection surface 207, it is also possible to use a radial wing roller with a plurality of blades which are slightly wound around the longitudinal axis (spiral staircase-like), comparable to the blades in a conventional lawn mower, but sealed up to the axis / hollow axis (not shown in the figure) ). The two end faces of the wing roller are covered in a circle by disks attached to the axis in such a way that the wing tips form a plane with the disk circumference. There is a hole in one of the discs between each pair of wings. This disk slides past an air supply hole which is stuck to the frame of the filter insert in a sufficiently sealed manner. The air supply hits the disc at the point that, in its continuation between the wings, makes up the belt's cleaning area. In the alternative possible choice of a hollow axis for the wing roller, a radial hole is also placed in this axis in the position that only allows air blown in through the hollow axis to get into the cleaning area of the belt.

The filter insert 202 is inserted with the drive roller 206 at an incline into the filter basin 201 and is held in this way. The water is supplied through an end wall of the filter basin via a pipe with a coupling into the front side of the hood. The outflow takes place via the lateral pipe socket and the continuing line due to gravity to the fine pre-filter 203 .

The belt 208 thus transports the filtered dirt particles including grains of sand in a straight line upwards out of the water, is pre-cleaned in the upper deflection area by the brush 213 and shortly after being lifted off from the deflection surface 207 enters a flat tunnel 214 a, which is above the water surface begins and sealed to the head 215 a of an ultrasonic vibrating element 216 is attached under water. The tunnel prevents dirt remaining on the top of the belt or stuck on the underside from entering the water of the filter tank.

The round or angular oscillating element 216 has two identical heads 215 a, b, on the top of which the band 208 passes immediately before or in contact. The heads are screwed opposite to the oscillating element 216 and consist of a metal plate the width of the band 208 , into which several grooves are made transversely to the running direction of the band, the bottom of which has enough water which has been sucked into the grooves by the band, can drain laterally. The grooves have a cross-section which is favorable in terms of energy radiation and which optimizes the vibrational effects on the band 208 which lies and slides directly in front of them or on the non-grooved surface remnants of the head plate. The head plate 215 a is continued not grooved on both sides. In these continuation pieces, which can also consist of screwed-on plastic, a channel is inserted lengthways so that it has openings to the lower part of the grooves, so that practically only water can be sucked through these channels, which is the vibrating band 208th has run through and transported the loosened dirt away from the belt. The oscillating heads 215 a, b will be discussed again below in connection with FIG. 2.

The "cleaning water" is drawn into a secondary filter by a pump through a hose (not shown in the figure). After the cleaning there, it runs (in the same amount as suctioned off) into a hood, which is firmly sealed on the sides and connected to the extension pieces above the belt and whose longitudinal end walls have been brought up to the top plate 214 a so that they are just the belt 208 let it slide freely. In this way, only secondary purified water can flow through the belt.

The filter insert 202 is optionally equipped with a non-rotatable, extremely smooth tension tube 217 (e.g. quartz glass) transverse to the filter belt, which is held firmly by two parallel webs running downwards (both perpendicular to the cuboid) and on which the belt 208 grinds along. The webs are longitudinally displaceable due to the elongated holes at the screwing point to the cuboid, so that the band can be tightened at this point by being pushed out of the parallel to the opposite side of the band. The resulting triangle between the lower lifting points of the deflecting surface / drive roller and the apex line of the non-rotatable tensioning tube 217 is used to differentiate through elongated holes (with locking screws) running parallel to the hypotenuse of the triangle on the tube side in the webs Triangles and thus one-sided tightening of the belt due to different circulation distances, which is advantageous in the case of negligent belt production or different belt stretching in operation, since a very even belt tension on the deflection surface / drum due to the dependent sealing effect between the belt and deflection surface / drum is needed.

The use of a fixed "slide tube" 217 prevents the belt from being twisted out of its longitudinal direction, as would be the case with a rotating drum / roller.

In the fine filter insert 203 , a tensioned endless filter belt 218 with a pore fineness of significantly less than 10 μm (e.g. steel twill braid) runs around a large drum 219 under water and a small deflecting roller 220 over water, as well as one Cavity 221 , the top of which protrudes briefly from the water. The drum 219 is driven by a hollow shaft in the opposite direction as the drive roller 206 of the coarse filter 202 , its jacket consists of a solid coarse-mesh sieve, which adjoins the thick-walled side silicone-coated drum disks so that it forms a plane with its peripheral surfaces. The cavity 221 has strong side walls and connects with a slip seal to the part of the drum 219 not covered by the band 218 and settles on the rising side of the band with surfaces facing the band, covered with glass, or slightly curved end faces briefly over the water and then falls against the falling side of the tape until it hits the tape under water and then continues up to the drum. The end faces of the hollow body 221 are open on the surfaces covered by the band 218 except for a sealing surface remaining laterally and at the two upper ends and (as with the cuboid 204 of the coarse filter 202 ) are connected to supporting rods or rollers. Towards the drum 219 , the lower, curved wall of the hollow body has an opening 222 through which the filtered water enters the drum 219 , from there through openings in the hollow shaft and from there together with the water that has flowed in through the filter belt 218 and the drum casing a line 223 is drawn out of the filter basin 201 into the biological filter 300 . The fine filter insert 203 has a horizontally sealed assemblable hood 221 , which is open above the water surface and under water only receives the feed line from the coarse filter and has a sealed opening for the ultrasonic oscillating element 216 .

The belt 218 is cleaned on the deflection roller 220 by a coarse pre-filter of the same type with an inclined roller with high-pile material or one of the similar brush 224 described above.

The fine filter 203 is dimensioned and inserted in the filter basin so that the band 218 after immersing it again in water through the second (lower) head 215 b of the oscillating element 216 , likewise with a hood 214 b and feed and discharge lines and pump to a secondary filter, is cleaned.

As an alternative to the belt pre-filter 200 described and shown in the figure, a one- or two-stage drum pre-filter is used, with the following features:
As with the post-filter 400 described below, two drums rotate in two spaces formed by the filter container and tubular, horizontal sections, with the same ultrasonic cleaning devices, but also the inlet side of the ultrasonic hood of the coarse part is all around towards the filter jacket sealed. The filter container is open at the top and only filled with water to such an extent that the upper part of the filter drums are not covered with water; the horizontal "tube chambers" are cut off just above the water surface and open. An additional, narrow air tunnel, which extends vertically up to and is sealed to the filter jacket, is preferably attached to the hollow axis and hits the filter jacket over its entire width at an acute angle to the axis direction. To supply the tunnel with compressed air, one side of the hollow axis is split in two and also drilled through. In the belt / air tunnel contact area, the belt is mechanically cleaned on the outside by a rotating element with the same features as the belt pre-filter.

Since the drum prefilter scarcely filters out sand / fine gravel, a sand separator 111 is an essential component when it is used, which is located in the collecting line to the prefilter 202 before the shut-off / throttle valve 108 . By gradually increasing the pipe cross-section of the manifold, the flow rate of the water is reduced to such an extent that gravel and fine sand settle on the pipe bottom. In the settling zone, the collecting line runs upwards at an angle so that the sand / gravel tends to slide back to the beginning of the zone when the water stops, where a pipe socket 112 leads out of the collecting line and a hose is pushed onto it. This hose 113 is first of all guided with a uniform curvature, then straight upwards over the water surface of the aquarium and attached there openly, securely and removably. After switching off the filter circuit, the open end of the hose is lowered by hand, so that the sand / gravel is rinsed out by water flowing back in part from the prefilter. The "open closure system" of the sand separator avoids sand disturbances in an otherwise required drain valve.

The biological filter 300 consists of a (expediently) cylindrical, closed and upright vessel 301 , into which pre-cleaned water from the line 223 is sucked in almost tangentially at the upper edge through a pipe reaching inwards. The water jet sets a centrally located horizontal paddle wheel 302 according to the state of the art in rotary motion; this gives the rotary motion to a shaft 307 , which represents the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and on which this occurs, via an underlying two-stage or multi-stage reduction gear mounted on a horizontal partition wall 303 Paddle wheel is freely stored. The shaft rotates in a center bore of each of the above-mentioned and a further partition 304 , which sits horizontally close above the bottom of the vessel. The upper partition has z. B. three half-radius of the cylinder at an angle of 120 ° to each other openings 305 a sufficient size. The lower partition 304 has three corresponding openings 305 b, but offset from the upper by 60 °. Through the upper partition 303 , the water flows into the central space of the cylinder with the bacterial carriers 306 , which are rotated by the central shaft 307 and, if the reduction gear is equipped with a connecting rod drive, in a reciprocating partial rotary movement. At least seven bacteria carrier plates 306 , e.g. B. consistently porous foam or between 2 sieve walls foam glass or clay body or the like, are contained in frames and attached in their entire length resiliently to the center shaft. The frames extend radially through the central space of the cylinder and are provided with a rubber seal to the two partition walls 303 , 304 and the cylinder jacket, which slips on the surfaces. The shell side is preferably provided with a plurality of semicircular and vertical bulges protruding into the cylinder space, which keep the frame, which is spring-mounted on the central shaft, pausing during rotation until the spring force suddenly causes the shell-side seal to snap over the bulge. This results in an increased water flow through the bacterial carrier plates 306 , which otherwise flow alternately in both directions due to the openings 305 a, b which are offset in the partition walls and are thus cleaned at short notice.

With the alternative use of sieve walls Foam glass tubes as bodies initially become two different sizes Tubes placed one inside the other and attached to an O-ring by several Sticks, which are pushed between the two tubes, evenly kept at a distance so that the filter surface compared to the free Flow area is significantly increased. These double tubes will be On top of and next to each other, perpendicular to the radius, horizontally or obliquely placed so that they form a wall. Typical tube diameter are 15 and 25 mm for the outside and 10 and 20 mm for the Inside diameter.

Alternatively, the frames are resilient and the reduction gear is fixedly attached to the shell, and the partitions 303 , 304 , rigidly connected by the central shaft, and preferably provided with a plurality of radially extending bulges lying inwards, rotate slightly sealed to the shell, so that the frames are pulled out of their position by the bulges via the seals abutting the partition walls 303 , 304 and, when the bulges jump over, are pulled back into their original position accelerated by the spring force. In addition, in this form of application, the bacterial carriers are flowed through in alternating directions and thereby cleaned.

In an alternative implementation of the bacterial carrier using clay or foam glass tubes, the partition walls 303 , 304 are provided with one or more radial slots, and instead of the frames including foam (or, for example, also cotton sheets), a plurality of radially extending carrier strips are attached the central axis is fixed above and next to each other, which divide in their outward V-shape into two to three-part support strips and reach as far as the jacket that they are still briefly, but sufficiently braked, from there by vertically running bulges in the rotary movement will. The top of the carrier strips with an upright rectangular cross-section are provided with successive notches of the same length as the tubes which are pushed onto them and which fall obliquely from the central shaft to the jacket and end vertically. The tubes thus lie slightly obliquely outwards (ie towards the jacket) - inclined radially at the bottom in the cylinder 301 through which the top and bottom flow, and thus form quiet zones in their interior which are particularly favorable for the bacterial cultures. On the other hand, they are sufficiently moved by the bulges due to the abrupt slipping of the strips, so that the dirt "shakes" out of their interior.

An alternative is achieved by there without bulging the coat radially inward fixed strips of the same design be attached vertically as far below the level of rotation at the Central axis attached support strips lie that the tubes of the rotated When overflowing the tubes, place the bar on the fixed support bar  slightly raised and slightly rotated. The tubes of the fixed Carrier strips are subsequently through the tubes of the next lower all-round support bar raised and turned, etc. Other designs result from almost horizontal / radial or vertical individual suspension the tube on fasteners that are moved mechanically, e.g. B. Nylon threads.

Common to all of the embodiments of the bio-filter 300 is the subdivision and a uniform or jerky movement of the bacterial carrier (in the case of carrier plates 306, in addition, the flow alternating in opposite directions), so that dirt is inevitably flushed out easily and intermittently and flushed out downwards.

Alternatively, the bio-filter has the following design features:
The upper and the lower partition 303 , 304 each have a narrow radial slot, one above the other. The partitions 303 , 304 are firmly connected to the central shaft and rotate with respect to the jacket, slightly sealed. On the inside of the jacket are fixed vertical frames that encompass thin sheets of foam glass. For example, eight plates extend radially to close to the central shaft, the next run at a distance of approx. 0.5 cm parallel to them up to approx. 0.5 cm from the next of the eight radial plates. The water therefore flows vertically in a strip-like manner at high speed between more than two plates from top to bottom, while the water remains calm between the other plates. The change between quiet and flow zones on the plates promotes bacterial formation and activity and cleans in cycles.

Instead of the plate, rings (short tubes) can also be placed vertically standing support rails are pushed; these rings then form  vertical "pipe" and are rinsed inside and outside. The carrier strips are attached to the frame at the top and bottom.

Between the lower partition 304 and the cylinder bottom, the center shaft 307 rotates a conventional stirring arm, so that from there the dirt is immediately sucked off with water through the drain pipe 309 in the jacket wall. The outlet pipe is drawn up to the cover of the cylinder after exiting the jacket before it then drops back to the main filter pump 310 (not shown in the figure). At the uppermost point, it is connected to the interior of the filter above the impeller by a small cross-section hose. It is withdrawn to fill the filter and, in operation - while accepting a small by-pass amount of unfiltered water - serves as a continuous removal of sometimes occurring gas bubbles, which are then entrained in the drain pipe from the water to the pump. The continuous withdrawal of small amounts of gas prevents a significant reduction in pump performance and a drop in the water level in the filter.

The standstill ventilation 311 of the filter is automatically activated by a flow monitor in front of the main filter pump 310 in the event of a flow failure and is switched off when the flow is restarted. It consists of a commercially available electrically operated air pump (in the event of a power failure using a battery with converter) and a vertical ventilation pipe 312 with an air stone, which is dimensioned so that it sucks water out of the filter drain pipe at its base in front of the flow switch due to the ventilation and sufficiently above lifts the top edge of the filter into a tundish or a multi-perforated manifold, from where it runs over an exposed, slightly inclined plate 313 of corrugated or nubbed surface structure into a trough and the return line 314 ; this drops to the installation level of the aquarium system, then rises again and is guided into the bio-filter 300 in several places immediately below the upper partition 305 . The delivery pipe (ventilation pipe) and the falling pipe have a considerably larger cross-section and thus hold a much larger water volume than would be required for the ventilation circuit. In her foot section reducers are used, which let enough water for ventilation but prevent the restart of the main filter pump 310 that are sucked dry by the sudden vacuum riser / downpipes (because the water from the pre-filter and the lines sits down slowly on the move ) and the main filter pump is reduced in performance or completely "breaks down" due to the intake of air. If the plate 313 is of sufficient size, the total ventilation resulting from the ventilation in the riser pipe 312 and the running of the water in a thin film is sufficient to keep the bacterial culture in the filter alive and to keep the filter fully functional at all times.

The main filter pump 310 conveys the water into a rotating drum post-filter 400 , which works with a sealed cover 401 and is carried out in two stages in this description. The water is guided through an opening in the container into a cylinder 402 lying horizontally, transversely to the longitudinal direction of the container and from an upper and a lower semicircular shell, formed with sufficient sealing, against both side walls, in which there is a drum 403 with a filter jacket of approximately 15 µm pore fineness rotates. Through the drilled hollow axis of the drum and sealed against the end disks and a line 404 , the water flows after the first post-cleaning via a line into a parallel lying second cylinder 405 of the same design, and from there through the now much more fine-pored (less than 10 µm pore size) filter, and the hollow axis of a second filter drum 406 out of the filter container 401 . Both hollow axles have a partition that is approximately in the middle and transverse to the longitudinal direction. The second cylinder 405 has a significantly larger diameter and a larger drum 406 because of the increased filter resistance , both of which both reach sufficiently close to the inner walls of the two cylinders so that no substantial dirt can accumulate due to the flow.

The end disks of the drums 403 , 406 are rotatably mounted on the hollow axis so that their distance cannot decrease. They consist of the center piece and an attached outer ring, one of which has an attached toothed ring on the outside, which, with an inner diameter that is smaller than the outer ring, prevents the ring from sliding over its center piece. The second outer ring can slide over both center pieces. The filter tape is glued over both lateral surfaces of the rings with a width that is slightly less than the outer distance of the end disks. The second outer ring is pulled outwards with a tensioning device integrated in it so that the band is firmly tensioned on the entire side of the shell and thus forms a very rigid connection between the end disks. The clamping device consists of several semicircular grooves transverse to the outer shell of the central piece and corresponding grooves with (half) thread on the inner surfaces of the outer ring. In the holes formed in this way with a half-round thread, screws are tightened to such an extent that the band jacket is firmly tightened everywhere.

Both drums 403 , 406 are driven by an electric geared motor, the shaft of which is sealed with the pinion and guided through the side wall of the filter container and engages in the ring gear.

The two drum filters are cleaned by a single ultrasonic vibrating element 407 with two opposing vibrating heads 408 a, b, which are designed like the pre-filter 200 . They have only one rounded end face, preferably adjacent to the respective filter jacket, which extends over the entire open width of the filter belt and presses against it with a slip seal, which has a narrow gap to the belt only on the inlet side of the coarse (1st) secondary filter 403 leaves open. The vibrating unit lies in the middle between the two drums 403 , 406 , is guided through the two cylinder walls and is connected to them in a sealed and vibration-free manner. Rigidly attached to the hollow axles and sealed against the belt (from the inside), there is an inlet tunnel for cleaning water that is open towards the belt (not shown in the figure). The extent of the inlet tunnels in their end faces lying against the belt is in each case equal to the end face of the grooved part of the oscillating head 408 a, b. The cleaning water is fed to the tunnels through the part of the hollow axis under pressure, which is not occupied by the outflowing cleaned water intended for further flow into the aquarium.

The cleaning water for the first (coarse) part of the post-filter is removed from the supply line 223 to the biofilter via a centrifugal pump, which presses it through the belt and the oscillating head, taking the dirt with it and discharging it into the collecting line 107 to the pre-filter (not shown). . Due to the slight negative pressure in the manifold 107 to the prefilter and the slight excess pressure in the line system after the main filter pump 310 , a small amount of additive to the cleaning water flows together with it in the non-cleaned state into the manifold 107 to the prefilter, namely the amount that flows through the seal recess to the filter jacket can flow into the oscillating head and thereby wash off the coarse dirt from the filter screen.

The cleaning water for the second (fine) secondary filter 406 is removed from a secondary filter by means of a centrifugal pump and, after it has passed through the secondary filter in a cleaning manner, is fed back in the same amount (not shown). The double-sided slip seal on the filtering jacket part of the second post-filter prevents an increase or decrease in the amount of water in the secondary circuit.

After exiting the post-filter 400 , the water of the main circuit flows into an aeration pipe 409 in which carbon dioxide (CO₂) is added to the water if necessary. This pipe is necessary for aeration, since the conventional aeration of the aquarium via bubbles or similar would cause too great disruption of the water cycle within the aquarium. The ventilation pipe 409 stands upright and is open at the top; the water at the bottom is fed to him through a pipe. A ring-shaped air outlet gallery is attached slightly above this inlet, from which the water with the injected air is added upwards. Approximately at the level of the aquarium water surface there is a horizontal semicircular partial partition 410 in the aeration pipe, which is continued a little further upwards vertically on its straight side, so that water only reaches over the horizontal upper edge of this extension in a calming and bubbling zone below the upper edge of the line 411 leading out of the ventilation pipe to the inlet slot nozzles in the aquarium, that is to say free of disturbing air bubbles.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is pressed into the water via a hose coil 412 made of commercially available, extremely fine-pored silicone hose. The "spiral hose" is wrapped around two or more vertical, rectangular support bars / rods at a distance between the individual turns and clamped at the lower end; the upper end leads to the CO₂ metering device. The complete coil is fitted into a tube at a distance from its walls, which extends within the ventilation tube into the calming zone and there shortly before the beginning of the line to the inlet slot nozzles. The pipe with the spiral begins at the foot of the ventilation pipe 409 so that a sufficiently strong partial flow is pressed into the inner (CO₂) pipe, well below the air outlet gallery. In this way, it is prevented that carbon dioxide is vented out again after being pressed in.

The secondary filters (not shown) consist of closed at the bottom and vertical pipes with a discharge pipe on the bottom, into the horizontal partition with several over the outlet arranged in a circle standing perpendicular to the pipe axis Pipe socket is inserted. On this pipe socket with Hose connection placed on top, hollow filter body inside, the Stand vertically and the cross section comparable to orange slices have, with spaces between each other and to the outer tube. At the foot this filter body is by commercially available air stones or a Outflow hose pressed in ozonized air, so that the filter body in the Water is flushed lengthways evenly. The ozone content of the Water prevents the filter wall, consisting of felt-like Fabric with inner form support, or from two z. B. steel mesh walls  can settle bacteria with interspersed fine sand, and at the same time burns part of the water in the upper part of the pipe dirt washed into the filter body. The pipes have one sealed lid and an air outlet with ozone catalyst.

As an alternative to the described secondary filters, which are extremely long Get service life from their large filter surface and ozone ventilation, filters with the following characteristics are used (broadband filter): A cuboid container open at the top has glued one of one Long side sloping down to just below the top edge of the other long side running "diagonal" dividing wall, except for all around wide edge strips and Longitudinal struts are cut out. A slides on this partition felt-like cloth reaching from both ends from bottom to top, after it from a roll of cloth above the basin vertically in the deep Part of the pool led and by an almost against the partition Role has been redirected. After the tape overflow the partition has, it will - against a premature take off in turn by an almost Partition wall and longitudinal wall of the pool led roll on top - on a second roll of cloth attached over the pool is wound up. On the Cloth is a hood over the cut-out part of the partition right-angled, with the shorter cathete down into the deeper part of the Cross section showing the pelvis. This hood has on the outside Reaching edge areas on the open side, which with the edge areas of the Partition are one above the other, and a slightly retracted inserted Bottom on the hypotenuse side, except for one longitudinal gap on the vertical cathete reaches. The basin has a drain opening below the partition and an inlet opening above that with a coupling up continues in the hood. The water therefore flows out of the hood space  only through the lower gap into the free space between the hood floor and Filter cloth, on this diagonally upwards over the cloth and through the cloth in the lower hood space with the drain, the flushed dirt is always driven as far as possible to the discharge side of the cloth. The With this filter alternative, "ozonization" of the water takes place in one upstream vertical ventilation pipe, which with appropriate Dimensioning and sufficiently strong pearl ventilation with ozonized air also as a conveying device (with the elimination of the pump) for the Cleaning circuit of the respective filter is used. The cloth is made by Moved by hand or automatically.

The end face heater 114 consists of a viewing plate (e.g. slate) facing the aquarium, on which the low-resistance, insulated heating wire is glued in a serpentine shape on its side facing the end disk with long parallel distances. The supply and discharge lines leading from the water to the transformer are dimensioned so that they do not heat up when the heating is operated with a safety voltage (e.g. 24 V). The heating wires are followed by a potting layer (e.g. 2-component adhesive), which also holds the subsequent thermal insulation layer (e.g. polystyrene), which is smoothly attached to the face plate. The temperature is controlled by means of an analog control level according to the state of the art, so that the conventional switching on and off of the heating is prevented and the circulation flow is thus continuously supported.

So that the specific heat output (per cm² heating surface) of the end surface heating 114 can be kept gently low for reasons of water biology, an additional floor heating 115 is required.

This is designed as a hot water pipe heater with the following features: On a plastic plate lying directly on the bottom pane of the aquarium, there are continuous, vertical webs 116 in a serpentine shape , to which a continuous pipe is glued on the upper face. This pipe holder prevents plant roots from growing under the pipe, which leads to difficulties in removing plants. The line consists of plastic up to the middle of the line, then to the end of z. B. stainless steel. Through the use of different heat-conducting materials, a fairly uniform heat input into the floor is achieved. The heating water is fed in and out in a double pipe through the first face plate.

During the lighting time of the aquarium, the energy required for the floor heating 115 is obtained from the "waste heat" of the commercially available low-voltage fluorescent lamps 117 , which are often used for lighting. The chokes of the lamps are attached tightly to a water-flowing heat exchanger, of which at least the bottom (i.e., adjacent to the chokes) is made of suitable metal (e.g. stainless steel). A small centrifugal pump (e.g. 4 W power consumption) presses water through this heat exchanger with overtemperature protection for the circuit, then through a heat-insulated line to the first fluorescent lamp. This lamp has a jacket 118 made of glass or z. B. Acrylic glass, which has an external thread at its ends, over which a union screw with sliding plate and press seal (between lamp and jacket) is rotated. The jacket has an inflow / outflow just before its ends. The heating water "coming from the 1st heat exchanger" flows through the jacket formed in this way and encloses the lamp in a watertight manner and is further heated; This is followed by the other lamps with the same coating and the floor heating pipes as heat emitters and then the return to the pump via a ventilation and pressure compensation vessel with a water filling opening.

The heating system is operated with distilled water, so loss of light output for the aquarium through algae formation or Mineral deposits in the jacket areas are avoided; it ensures energy recovery of over 2/3 of the current consumption the lighting and thus corresponds to that for floor heating in Aquariums possible energy values.

To avoid, albeit minor, changes in the light spectrum the fluorescent lamps have the heat recovery system alternatively instead of the full coating of the lamps, the following features: a white Plastic pipe with a lower approx. 140 ° cut-out is fitted over pushed the glass part of the lamp. Starting from the cut edges and Running diagonally outwards at the bottom are white waterproof glued Plastic strips that reflect light on the aquarium water surface to serve. Over the entire length of this "half tube of helmet-like Cross section "is again cut out in the lower part about 140 ° "Pipe", laid out of such a large cross-section that its cut-out edges almost hit the outer ends of the reflective strips; They will with glued waterproof, as well as more suitable with the two end faces Surface shape. Alternatively, an extruded long body or a pressed one Pipe of the same cross-section and with the same face closure used.  

The cavity formed in this way is also at the longitudinal ends attached supply / discharge lines and then forms almost the same Heat recovery part like the fully covered lamp.

There is a plastic version of the half-jacket on the fluorescent tubes possible because the specific heat output of the lamp Thermal conductivity of the plastic does not exceed.

While the lighting and at the same time the heating circulation pump are switched off, the underfloor heating is electrical with 24V alternating current operated, by an insulated low-resistance heating wire, which runs lengthways in the Heating pipe runs in the aquarium floor and out of this pipe outside the Is led out sealed, for parallel connection with the End face heating.

Fig. 2 shows the ultrasound transducer of the present invention 500 is that as the ultrasonic head 215 a, b; 408 a, b is used. The ultrasound head shown in FIG. 2 is a model which is not used in practice and, for reasons of illustration, contains three different possible radiation elements 502 , 503 , 504 housed in the same ultrasound head 500 . The ultrasound head initially consists of a flat cuboid. Channels 505 are embedded in the surface facing the filter belt. Cleaning water passing through the filter band in the direction of the ultrasound head is collected in these channels and then discharged from the ultrasound head 500 via bores 501 . The all-round edge of the ultrasound head largely prevents the cleaning water from escaping to the side. Radiation elements for transmitting the ultrasound energy are arranged in the interior of the top side of the ultrasound head 500 facing the filter band. These can be designed in different ways. They can be webs 502 which extend over almost the entire width of the ultrasound head (and transversely to the direction of travel of the filter belt). However, grid-shaped arrangements of individual pins or contact pins 503 , 504 are preferred. These usually have a square base. At its top, its cross-section tapers to a circular area for the pins 503 or a square for the pins 504 . The circular area or the square lie directly on the filter band to be cleaned. The bevelled surfaces at the head of the contact pins 503 , 504 radiate the ultrasonic energy vertically, ie in the direction of the surface normal. A suitable field-like arrangement of the pins therefore results in a concentration of the emitted ultrasound energy in the space between the pins. This enables a particularly efficient cleaning of the filter belt. Various embodiments are conceivable for the precise design of the surface of the ultrasound head 500 , as long as it is ensured that (a) the energy transfer takes place by contact, (b) inclined radiation surfaces ensure a concentrated alignment of the ultrasound energy on the tape and (c) a channel system for there is drainage of cleaning water passing through the belt.

Reference list

100 Aquarium
101 Aquarium tank
102 First inlet nozzle
103 Middle inlet nozzle
104 Main spout
105 Surface drainage channel
106 Drop channel
107 Manifold
108 Throttle valve
109 Storage and expansion tank
110 pump
 111 Sand separator
112 Pipe socket
113 tube
114 End face heating
115 Floor heating
116 Walkways
117 lighting
118 Heat exchanger jacket
200 Prefilter
201 Filter basin
202 Coarse filter
203 Fine filter
204 Cuboid
205 Round bars
206 Drive roller
207 Pulley
208 Filter belt (coarse)
209 roller
210 Hood
211 Baffles
212 Drain opening
213 Shaggy roller
214a, b tunnel
215a, b Ultrasonic vibrating element
217 Clamping tube
218 Filter belt (fine)
219 big drum
220 Deflection roller
221 cavity
222 opening
223 management
224 Flat brush
300 Biofilter
301 Cylinder vessel
302 Paddle wheel
303 Partition above
304 Partition below
305a, b openings
306 Bacteria carrier
307 Medium wave
308 Stirrer
309 Drain pipe
310 Main pump
311 Standstill ventilation
312 Ventilation pipe
313 plate
314 Return line
400 Post filter
401 container
402 cylinder
403 Drum (coarse)
404 management
 405 cylinder
406 Drum (fine)
407 Vibrating element
408a, b oscillating head
409 Ventilation pipe
410 Partition plate
411 Inflow pipe
412 Hose coil (CO₂)
500 Ultrasonic transducer
501 Water drain
502 Beam
503 Radiation cone
504 Radiation pyramid
505 channel

Claims (45)

1. Water cycle operating system, in particular for biological hot water pool systems (aquariums) with a pool flow and biological and / or mechanical filters for cleaning the cycle water, characterized in that the mechanical filters have a filter surface ( 208 , 218 , 403 , 406 ), which can be moved between a filter device ( 204 , 210 , 219 , 221 , 402 , 405 ) and at least one cleaning device ( 213 , 224 , 216 , 407 ) for regeneration. 2. Water cycle operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter surface is a belt filter ( 208 , 218 ) guided over deflection elements ( 206 , 207 ; 219 , 220 ). 3. Water cycle operating system according to claim 2, characterized in that a deflecting element of the belt filter is a drive roller ( 206 ), which is preferably rubber-coated and divided into three, with only the central part of the drive roller ( 206 ) being driven, and that preferably the filter belt ( 208 ) is pressed against the drive roller ( 206 ) by a pressure roller ( 209 ). 4. Water cycle operating system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a preferably non-rotatable clamping cylinder ( 217 ) is arranged on the return side of the filter surface ( 208 ), the storage of which can be variably positioned on at least one side of the roller, so that a Tensioning effect on the filter belt ( 208 ) occurs. 5. Water cycle operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the mechanical filters is a drum filter ( 403 , 406 ), that is to say that the filter surface represents the casing of a rotatable drum. 6. Water cycle operating system according to claim 5, characterized in that the drum filter ( 403 , 406 ) contains the following elements:

• a) a hollow axis for the supply and discharge of water / air,
• b) a ring gear located on the hollow axis for rotating the drum filter,
• c) laterally on the hollow axle discs on which
• d) Rings can be slid onto which the filter surface is glued, the rings being provided with a tensioning device for tightening the filter surface.

7. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the filter surfaces in a basin ( 201 ) are partially in water, so that the filtration process takes place under water, while the cleaning process of the filter takes place outside the water. 8. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cleaning device ( 213 , 224 ) with a movement component against and / or transverse to the direction of the filter surface ( 208 , 218 ) along the filter surface and thereby removing filter residues and preferably feeds a collecting device. 9. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cleaning device consists of a rotating roller ( 213 ) with a tensionable high-pile jacket, a roller with radial bristles or a circular disc brush ( 224 ). 10. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the supply of the water to be filtered on the filter surface ( 208 , 218 ) is arranged such that the resulting water flow lies in the running direction of the filter surface. 11. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the cleaning device ( 213 , 224 ) means for guiding air through the filter belt ( 208 , 218 ) are arranged, the air flow being directed in the opposite direction to the direction of the Filtrate flow through the filter surface is. 12. Water cycle operating system according to claim 11, characterized in that the means for supplying air from a fixed deflection surface ( 207 ) with air passage, which is formed from a slot or a series of holes, or from a rotatable perforated deflection drum with one on the cleaning device ( 213 ) directed air supply or a radial roller with radial surfaces wound in the axial direction and an air supply directed only into one radial sector. 13. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a cleaning device of the mechanical filter ( 200 , 400 ) consists of an ultrasonic vibrating element ( 216 , 407 ), in which cleaning water preferably flows through the oscillating head, the secondary long-term filters flushed with ozone are processed or obtained directly from a fine filter. 14. Water cycle operating system, in particular for biological hot water pool systems (aquariums) with a pool flow and biological and / or mechanical filters for cleaning the cycle water, characterized in that the biological filter ( 300 ) bacterial carrier ( 306 ) and a flow guide ( 303, 304 ), which can be moved relative to one another, so that the alternating and / or pulsating flow or flow through the bacterial carrier ( 306 ) effects their cleaning. 15. Water cycle operating system according to claim 14, characterized in that

• a) the biological filter ( 300 ) preferably consists of a cylinder vessel ( 301 ),
• b) the middle section of the cylinder ( 301 ) between two cutting discs ( 303, 304 ) is divided into sectors by bacterial carrier plates ( 306 ) running radially from the central shaft ( 307 ) to the jacket of the cylinder ( 301 ),
• c) which contains a cutting disc ( 303 ) slots ( 305 a) through which the water to be filtered can enter each of the sectors formed by the plates ( 306 ),
• d) the other cutting disc ( 304 ) contains slots ( 305 b) through which the water can leave the area of the sectors again, these corresponding to the slots ( 305 a) in the entry cutting disc ( 303 ) such that each sector adjacent to at most one of the slots ( 305 a, 305 b), and
• e) cutting discs ( 303 , 304 ) on the one hand and carrier plates ( 306 ) on the other hand can be rotated relative to each other.

16. Water cycle operating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the bacterial carrier walls ( 306 ) consist of superimposed, with their tube axis perpendicular to the wall surface of the foam glass tubes, the foam glass tubes preferably consisting of several, preferably two, concentrically inserted tubes and spaced apart . 17. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in the biological filter ( 300 ), the bacterial carriers are formed by lined up on carrier strips clay or foam glass tubes, the carrier strips being movable relative to each other, so that the clay by colliding - or foam glass tubes whose cleaning can be effected. 18. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the biological filter ( 300 ) has a standstill ventilation ( 311 , 312 , 313 ) which ensures an oxygen supply to the bacterial cultures when the main water circuit is at a standstill. 19. Water cycle operating system according to claim 18, characterized in that the standstill ventilation ( 311 ) contains a ventilation riser ( 312 ) which takes water from the biological filter ( 300 ) and in the open circuit preferably via an inclined surface ( 313 ) the water in the The inlet area of the biological filter ( 300 ) is conveyed back. 20. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the biological filter ( 300 ) is followed by a mechanical filter ( 400 ) and / or a mechanical filter ( 200 ) is connected upstream. 21. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the mechanical filter ( 200 , 300 ) from a coarse filter ( 202 , 403 ), preferably with a filter pore size of 12 to 20 µm, and / or a downstream fine filter ( 203 , 406 ), preferably with a filter pore size of 5 to 12 microns. 22. Water cycle operating system according to claim 21, characterized in that the filter surface ( 208 , 218 ; 402 , 405 ) of coarse and fine filters are cleaned by a common ultrasonic oscillating element ( 216 ; 407 ), on which two oscillating heads ( 215 a, b; 408 a, b) are attached. 23. Water cycle operating system according to claim 20, characterized in that the downstream filter ( 403 , 406 ) is a drum filter, which is preferably completely in water and is cleaned by ultrasound and flushing water from an ozone-washed secondary filter or from a fine pre-filter. 24. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the cleaning of the mechanical filter by an ultrasonic oscillating element ( 216 , 407 ) with one or more oscillating heads ( 215 a, b; 408 a, b; 500 ) which are characterized by the following features:

• a) the oscillating head ( 500 ) has projecting radiating elements which are preferably in direct contact with the filter belt and which are preferably designed as webs ( 502 ) or round ( 503 ) or square ( 504 ) pins or contact pins,
• b) the side of the contact pins ( 503 , 504 ) facing the filter surface is chamfered in such a way that the interaction of several contact pins bundles the ultrasound energy radiated onto the filter surface,
• c) the surface of the oscillating head ( 500 ) facing the filter band has in its interior a system of channels ( 505 ) for receiving cleaning water passing through the filter band and channel bores ( 501 ) for removing this water from the ultrasonic oscillating head ( 500 ).

25. Water cycle operating system according to claim 24, characterized in that the filter water passing through the filter belt and through the ultrasonic oscillating head ( 215 a, b; 408 a, b; 500 ) is fed to a secondary filter which is designed as a large-area water filter with vertical filter surfaces made of compressed cotton or felt-like material, and which is flushed with ozonized air on the water inflow sides or which is supplied with ozonized water in a ventilation tube. 26. Water cycle operating system according to claim 24, characterized in that the filter water passing through the filter belt and through the ultrasonic oscillating head ( 215 a, b; 408 a, b; 500 ) is fed to a belt filter in which there is a transverse streak of a long felt-like cloth flows through, which can be pulled out of the water cycle manually or automatically if necessary and replaced by an adjacent fresh strip. 27. Water cycle operating system, in particular for biological hot water pool systems (aquariums) with a pool flow as well as biological and / or mechanical filters for cleaning the cycle water, characterized in that the pool flow through recessed inlet nozzles ( 102 , 103. ) In the bottom of the aquarium pool ( 101 ) ) or outlet openings ( 104 ), which are designed in such a way that a laminar water flow occurs at the pool floor. 28. Water cycle operating system according to claim 27, characterized in that the nozzles ( 102 , 103 ) or outlet openings ( 104 ) extend over the bottom of the aquarium tank ( 101 ), the direction of extension preferably being parallel to one of the aquarium walls, and one have a tapering cross-section in their direction of extension from the water inlet or outlet, preferably by being conical or pyramid-shaped. 29. Water cycle operating system according to claim 27, characterized in that the inlet nozzles ( 102 , 103 ) or outlet openings ( 104 ) are cuboidal, wherein within the cuboid by a corresponding design of the water supply, preferably with the aid of a perforated tube, one over the entire length of the outlet or inlet slot uniform flow rate is achieved. 30. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that a ventilation pipe ( 409 ) is arranged in the water circuit, in which a smaller riser pipe ( 412 ) is arranged, in which non-aerated water flows around a porous hose coil through which CO₂ can be supplied to the water. 31. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that it contains a sand separator ( 111 ), which preferably consists of a pipe section with an enlarged cross-section, so that settling of sand and (fine) gravel take place due to the slowdown in flow can. 32. Water cycle operating system according to claim 31, characterized in that a pipe socket ( 112 ) with a hose ( 113 ) is arranged at the lowest point of the sand separator ( 111 ), the open end of the hose ( 113 ) by storage above or below the water level of the system, due to the hydrostatic pressure conditions, enables the sand separator ( 111 ) to be closed or emptied. 33. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the biological pool system ( 100 ) contains an end face heater ( 114 ) and possibly a floor heater ( 115 ). 34. Water cycle operating system according to claim 33, characterized in that the end face heating

• a) is thermally insulated towards the aquarium pane,
• b) is preferably provided with a visible surface concealing the heating,
• b) the end face heating can be formed by low-resistance insulated wires for low voltage,
• c) the heating can be controlled by a control circuit with a continuously running control variable.

35. Water cycle operating system according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the floor heating consists of heating coils ( 115 ) extending in the pool floor, which are arranged on continuous supporting webs ( 116 ). 36. Water cycle operating system according to claim 35, characterized in that the conduits for the Heating water of the floor heating from the material or the geometry forth are designed so that in the direction of the flow with Heating water have an increasing thermal conductivity. 37. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 35 or 36, characterized in that an insulated, low-resistance heating wire runs in the tubes ( 115 ) of the floor heating and can be supplied with low voltage. 38. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the pool lighting ( 117 ) is coupled to a heat exchanger ( 118 ), which preferably gains heat for the floor heating ( 115 ). 39. Water cycle operating system according to claim 38, characterized in that the heat exchanger consists of a water pipe system which

• a) a container on which the chokes of the fluorescent tubes ( 117 ) of the pool lighting are attached in a heat-conducting manner, and
• b) Containers, which are attached to the upper part of the fluorescent tubes ( 117 ) attached.

40. Water cycle operating system according to one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that from the aquarium basin ( 101 ) via a surface drain ( 105 ) surface water can be removed, which via a or two arranged in the aquarium corners gutters ( 106 ) an expansion tank ( 109 ) and can be pumped from there into the water line to the pre-filter ( 200 ) by means of a pump ( 110 ). 41. Procedure for operating a water cycle operating system in a device according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that the cleaning of the mechanical and / or biological filter carried out continuously becomes.   42. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the circulating water the biological and mechanical filters serial and / or parallel flows through. 43. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the circulating water flows serially through a mechanical filter ( 200 ), a biological filter ( 300 ) and a further mechanical filter ( 400 ), with behind each filter stage there is also a direct return flow to the pool system and that The ratio of the quantities of water flowing through the filter can be set or is predetermined by the design. 44. The method according to claim 41 to 43, characterized in that within the Water cycle returns the water to previous filter stages exist, preferably in the form of a water cycle with a mechanical filter, the output of which partly to the pool system leads back and partially in a biological filter, the Output of the biological filter to the input of the mechanical filter leads back. 45. The method according to claim 40, characterized in that a conventional biological filter or a broadband filter according to claim 26 without prior ozonization of the water is used.